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Tropes vs. Women in Video Games

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33: 2735: 2723: 2747: 264:, and posted disparaging comments online. One attacker created a computer game that allowed players to punch a picture of Sarkeesian. Supporters responded by donating to the Kickstarter project. By the time the campaign closed on June 15, it had raised $ 158,922 from 6,968 donors, considerably higher than the original goal. The events generated substantial press coverage and helped bring the issue of pervasive 955:. Carpenter commended the series for rendering the ideas and language of media criticism into a format accessible for a general audience. He judged it limited in failing to analyze the cultural milieu that perpetuates damaging tropes, but overall found it an "intelligent, engaging, and entertaining point of departure" for viewers interested in media studies. 1002:, Joshua Rivera said the series "illustrates in painstaking detail" video game designers' penchant for using violence against women as narrative shorthand, calling it "lazy storytelling", and said Sarkeesian's work is valuable because "as video games mature as a medium, they need to be held to the kind of scrutiny we hold other art forms to." 319:
released its end of year report outlining its continued plans for the Tropes series and announced they were planning two new video series tackling the "positive" portrayal of women in video games, as well as the "portrayal of masculine identities in games", while saying that it had released only 6 of
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In August 2014, after the release of the sixth episode of the video series, which focused on the "Women as Background Decoration" trope, harassment of Sarkeesian had reached such levels that she announced that a threat drove her out of her home. She was quoted as having posted on Twitter, "Some very
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This episode discusses various incarnations of the pervasive "Women as Reward" trope, which presents women or their bodies as rewards for game actions. Sarkeesian argues that the trope, which caters to a presumed straight male audience, is part of a pattern of male sexual entitlement in the wider
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The harassment continued as the series went into production. When the second video of the series was flagged on YouTube for "containing inappropriate material" by challengers of the series, it was temporarily blocked. However, Sarkeesian appealed the block and it was lifted. Due to her previous
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also stated that the production quality of the videos had increased from her previous works, but suggested Sarkeesian disclose her plan for the rest of her Kickstarter money to "knock down the only legitimate point" from her critics and provide guidance for other video bloggers.
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initially made the studio defensive, but led the team to realize that the game's female characters were solely servants, prostitutes, witches, queens, girls, or mistresses, though this was not their intention. As a result, the development team decided to expand
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scary threats have just been made against me and my family. Contacting authorities now", followed by a later tweet, "I'm safe. Authorities have been notified. Staying with friends tonight. I'm not giving up. But this harassment of women in tech must stop!"
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This installment discusses the dearth of female stock enemies and multiplayer characters in games. Where they do exist, they are often set apart through sexualization and stereotypical identifiers, though other games present them on comparable footing to
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This episode explores several ancient tropes that present femaleness as inherently threatening: "Grotesquely Female" characters, whose female traits are repulsive; the "Sinister Seductress", whose sexuality is dangerous; and characters who combine both
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After the close of the Kickstarter, Sarkeesian decided to redevelop her concept for the series, writing that the additional funding allowed her to "expand the scope, scale and production values of the project". In January 2013, Sarkeesian launched a
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Speaking about "Women as Background Decoration", Steinberg wrote that Sarkeesian cites no evidence for her claims that video games facilitate violence against women, though he commended her activism in combating sexism. Noah Berlatsky wrote in
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invited her to speak about developing strong female characters; the engagement was well received and inspired her to think more about games. Sarkeesian determined that some tropes she planned to discuss in her new series, such as the
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This episode focuses on variants of the "Women as Background Decoration" trope that combine both sexualization and violence in the portrayal of female characters, often in order to paint more significant male characters as brutal or
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The Kickstarter project also triggered a campaign of misogynist harassment from segments of video game culture. Attackers sent Sarkeesian death and rape threats, hacked her webpages and social media, vandalized her article on
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in film, television and other popular media that she believes reinforce damaging stereotypes about women. After the success of "Tropes vs. Women", Sarkeesian began planning a follow-up series. In 2012, video game studio
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described the videos as an analysis of sexism that, while possibly "difficult to swallow" for some video game players, did not attack gaming itself but only "disappointing" stories in games. Maddy Myers of
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wrote that the videos' strength lies in Sarkeesian's "deft at anticipating rebuttals", and said such work was important in challenging the industry to move away from overused tropes. In 2013,
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have objected to Sarkeesian's discussions of video game portrayals of their industry, particularly her use of terminology that they believe plays into the objectification she criticizes.
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Kyle, Catherine Bailey (2014). "Her Story, Too: Final Fantasy X, Revolutionary Girl Utena, and the Feminist Hero's Journey". In Jones, Norma; Bajac-Carter, Maja; Batchelor, Bob (eds.).
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Kyle, Catherine Bailey (2014). "Her Story, Too: Final Fantasy X, Revolutionary Girl Utena, and the Feminist Hero's Journey". In Jones, Norma; Bajac-Carter, Maja; Batchelor, Bob (eds.).
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female characters. She also highlights examples of video games that feature more well-rounded representations of women. Critical response to the series was generally positive.
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This video covers the "Ms. Male Character" trope, in which female characters are merely variants of established male characters with stereotypical female identifiers, such as
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used to represent women in video games. Sarkeesian argues that most video games cater to a straight male audience, such as by featuring primarily male playable characters and
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via camera angles and costume choices; in contrast, male protagonists' buttocks are typically de-emphasized or hidden by clothing and other "Strategic Butt Coverings".
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This video discusses how female characters tend to have similarly slender, conventionally attractive physiques, compared to the much wider range of male body shapes.
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stated that Sarkeesian faces difficulties due to the unrealistic expectations and intense scrutiny placed on her and other female video game critics. Writing in
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serve as titillating set dressing or as minimally interactive props for sex or violence, generally to add an "edgy, gritty or racy" aspect to the game world.
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wrote that Sarkeesian's attackers effectively deter legitimate critique of her work, as many commentators are wary of being associated with the harassment.
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about his frequent use of helpless "damsels" in his games; Miyamoto responded, "I haven’t given it a lot of deep thought over the years." Jesse Singal of
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magazine named Sarkeesian one of its "125 Women of Impact", writing that regardless of the harassment, "Damsel in Distress" was "racking up accolades".
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This video discusses the sexualized outfits often worn by female game characters, and explores the differences between sexualization and empowerment.
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referred to the first four videos of the series as "essential viewing for anyone interested in video games". The series inspired Suellentrop to ask
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wrote that the production values of the new series were high, saying "so far, she appears to have put the money to good use." Fruzsina Eördögh of
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with the intention of creating feminist media criticism accessible to the younger generation. In 2011 she collaborated with the feminist magazine
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This video explores "dark and edgy" variants of the Damsel in Distress trope in 21st-century video games, such as the "disposable woman", the "
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series, "Damsels in Distress (Part 1)", was released on March 7, 2013. The delay led some critics to question how she was using the money.
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An addendum to the previous episode, this video focuses on the use of women as rewards for exchanging real money in the context of
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This episode explores the ways games exoticize indigenous or "tribal" characters with long-standing racist and sexist stereotypes.
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Parts 2 and 3 of the series were released on May 28 and August 1, 2013. The second video was briefly removed due to abuse of
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have also observed that the abuse directed at Sarkeesian makes it harder for legitimate criticism of her work to be heard.
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the originally planned 12 videos to this point due to increased commitments to public appearances and media interaction.
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Settle, Amber; McGill, Monica M.; Decker, Adrienne (2013). "Diversity in the game industry: Is outreach the solution?".
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videos are "full of selective and skewed analysis" that overlooks evidence that may challenge Sarkeesian's arguments.
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The series ended with its final episode, "The Lady Sidekick", posted on April 27, 2017. Sarkeesian announced that
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In this episode, Sarkeesian argues that video games often objectify female protagonists by sexualizing their
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The first in a series of videos on positive female characters, this installment discusses the Scythian from
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modern games. It then discusses games and concepts that deconstruct the traditional damsel formula.
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web page called "Bits of Tropes Vs. Women in Games" previewing samples of the first video.
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Continuing the series of videos on positive female characters, this installment discusses
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Proceedings of the 14th annual ACM SIGITE conference on Information technology education
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returned with a three part miniseries on Queer Tropes in Video Games that is similar to
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against Sarkeesian, causing her to flee her home at one point. Released on the channel
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All the Slender Ladies: Body Diversity in Video Games - Tropes vs Women in Video Games
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often sexualizes females; this is one way games are typically designed around the
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Nate Carpenter reviewed the "Damsel in Distress" video positively in the journal
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This installment examines the "Dude in Distress" twist on the damsel trope and "
2008: 1909:"Tropes vs Anita Sarkeesian: on passing off anti-feminist nonsense as critique" 1196: 1058: 1011: 2661: 2633: 2605: 2577: 2549: 2521: 2493: 2465: 2437: 2409: 2381: 2353: 2325: 2297: 2269: 2241: 2213: 2185: 439:", which debase female characters to motivate or empower the male protagonist. 2761: 1946: 1817: 1682:"Anita Sarkeesian launching new video series focused on masculinity in games" 1394: 1069: 1019: 465: 196:
between March 2013 and April 2017, the series consists of eighteen episodes.
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This episode explores the limited roles games generally assign to female
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Video games can be better: Violence against women isn't for decoration
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experiences, Sarkeesian disabled comments and ratings for her videos.
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This video examines "Women as Background Decoration", a trope where
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video series for her site titled "Tropes vs. Women", which examined
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Carpenter, Nate (Spring 2013). "Tropes vs. Women in Video Games ".
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Body Language & The Male Gaze - Tropes vs Women in Video Games
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In the text these references are preceded by a double dagger (‡):
1708:"Tropes vs. Women ends the series with a look at female sidekicks" 1255:"The Gaming Industry's Greatest Adversary Is Just Getting Started" 2005:"Hyper Mode: Anita Sarkeesian And The Trouble With Magic Bullets" 1841:"Sarkeesian driven out of home by online abuse and death threats" 309: 228: 169: 505:", where stereotypical feminine traits are all that distinguish 2551:
Are Women Too Hard To Animate? - Tropes vs Women in Video Games
1526: 278: 237: 1656:"When will gamers understand that criticism isn't censorship?" 1813:"Anita Sarkeesian debuts first episode of "Tropes vs. Women"" 1590:"Anita Sarkeesian, I Love You. But Please Show Us The Money" 574:"The Scythian - Positive Female Characters in Video Games" 2467:
Strategic Butt Coverings - Tropes vs Women in Video Games
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Not Your Exotic Fantasy - Tropes vs Women in Video Games
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The Scythian - Positive Female Characters in Video Games
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her series on "Tropes vs. Women in Video Games" through
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Lingerie is not Armor - Tropes vs Women in Video Games
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Humphreys, Sal; Vered, Karen Orr (September 5, 2013).
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Sinister Seductress - Tropes vs Women in Video Games
2114:"The Gender Games, Part 2: Videogames Meet Feminism" 2045: 2043: 1108:"Gaming While Male: A 'Privilege' Few Men Recognize" 1547:
Feminist Frequency - "Damsels in Distress (Part 1)"
1455:. New York: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 131. 2663:The Lady Sidekick - Tropes vs Women in Video Games 1649: 1647: 1475: 1376:"Reflecting on Gender and Digital Networked Media" 1353:"Tropes vs. Women in Video Games Kickstarter page" 605:"Jade - Positive Female Characters in Video Games" 2040: 1959: 2759: 2383:Jade - Positive Female Characters in Video Games 1587: 1164:"Tropes vs Women in Video Games: Why It Matters" 1057:claim that women characters fit narrow roles in 1941:(1). Michigan Technological University: 97–99. 1838: 1644: 1626: 1673: 1520: 1373: 2052:"Vile foes of feminist game critic miss mark" 1327:John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation 509:female characters within diverse male groups. 1758: 1583: 1581: 1558: 666:"Women as Reward - Special DLC Mini-Episode" 248:In May 2012, Sarkeesian announced she would 184:, and came to widespread attention when its 2002: 1312: 1310: 1308: 2439:Women as Reward - Special DLC Mini-Episode 1881:McDonald, Soraya Nadia (August 29, 2014). 1419: 1286:Williams, Mary Elizabeth (June 14, 2012). 1189: 923: 31: 2139: 2082: 1932: 1853: 1733: 1578: 1402: 1316: 1252: 1183: 1906: 1880: 1783: 1609: 1305: 1253:Kolhatkar, Sheelah (November 26, 2014). 1246: 1220: 1218: 1216: 1214: 1132: 1088:List of video game crowdfunding projects 1072:'s role as a playable main character in 548:"Women as Background Decoration: Part 2" 515:"Women as Background Decoration: Part 1" 271: 215:In 2009, Sarkeesian started her website 2064:from the original on September 21, 2021 1960:Chris Suellentrop (December 13, 2013). 1653: 1323:Spotlight on Digital Media and Learning 2760: 2327:Women as Background Decoration: Part 2 2299:Women as Background Decoration: Part 1 1810: 1679: 1514: 1469: 1317:Cupaiuolo, Christine (June 21, 2012). 1224: 1157: 1155: 1153: 1151: 1105: 596:Superbrothers: Sword & Sworcery EP 199:The series explores and critiques the 2108: 2049: 1705: 1211: 1099: 946: 887: 862: 836: 811: 785: 760: 727: 698: 665: 639: 604: 573: 547: 514: 477: 444: 411: 370: 2083:Berlatsky, Noah (20 December 2014). 1854:Dominguez, James (August 29, 2014). 1450: 1425: 1190:Greenhouse, Emily (August 1, 2013). 1161: 178:gender representation in video games 1839:Campbell, Colin (August 27, 2014). 1680:Dredge, Stuart (January 27, 2015). 1588:Fruzsina Eördögh (March 19, 2013). 1521:Stephen Totilo (January 30, 2013). 1482:Association for Computing Machinery 1227:"Taking on games that demean women" 1148: 728:"Body Language & The Male Gaze" 13: 2164: 2140:Alexander, Julia (June 14, 2017). 2022: 1862:. Sydney, Australia: Fairfax Media 1759:Farokhmanesh, Megan (2022-03-25). 1559:Kevin Morris (February 13, 2013). 930:Anita Sarkeesian § Harassment 14: 2819: 2682: 1907:Steadman, Ian (August 27, 2014). 1784:Hilliard, Kyle (March 28, 2013). 1654:Jenkins, Ria (January 30, 2015). 1345: 366:(million as of January 23, 2019) 2745: 2733: 2721: 1962:"In the Footsteps of Lara Croft" 1106:Mullis, Steve (April 27, 2014). 786:"Are Women Too Hard To Animate?" 747:This video discusses how games' 2808:Gamergate (harassment campaign) 2783:American non-fiction web series 2702:Tropes vs. Women in Video Games 2650: 2622: 2594: 2566: 2538: 2510: 2482: 2454: 2426: 2398: 2370: 2342: 2314: 2286: 2258: 2230: 2202: 2174: 2133: 2102: 2076: 1996: 1981: 1953: 1926: 1900: 1874: 1847: 1832: 1804: 1788:. Game Informer. Archived from 1777: 1752: 1727: 1706:Frank, Allegra (Apr 27, 2017). 1699: 1603: 1552: 1540: 1453:Heroines of Film and Television 1444: 1428:Heroines of Film and Television 1367: 1288:"Lara Croft battles male jerks" 1225:Singal, Jesse (June 22, 2013). 1192:"Twitter's Free Speech Problem" 934:Gamergate (harassment campaign) 336:Tropes vs. Women in Video Games 165:Tropes vs. Women in Video Games 25:Tropes vs. Women in Video Games 1811:Romano, Aja (March 18, 2013). 1734:Takahashi, Dean (2019-03-05). 1610:Hamilton, Kirk (28 May 2013). 1279: 1126: 327:would produce another series. 286:Tropes vs Women in Video Games 180:. The series was financed via 98: 1: 2793:Kickstarter-funded web series 1093: 210: 188:campaign triggered a wave of 2003:Maddy Myers (June 4, 2013). 918: 840:September 28, 2016 669:September 14, 2015 501:. It further discusses the " 445:"Damsel in Distress: Part 3" 412:"Damsel in Distress: Part 2" 371:"Damsel in Distress: Part 1" 7: 1355:. Kickstarter. May 17, 2012 1162:Dean, Paul (May 31, 2013). 1081: 815:September 1, 2016 481:November 18, 2013 350: 77:Matt Joynt, Nathan Sandberg 10: 2824: 2243:Damsel in Distress: Part 3 2215:Damsel in Distress: Part 2 2187:Damsel in Distress: Part 1 1383:Television & New Media 927: 866:January 31, 2017 702:January 19, 2016 699:"Strategic Butt Coverings" 390:This video discusses the " 1860:The Sydney Morning Herald 905: 880: 863:"Not Your Exotic Fantasy" 854: 829: 803: 778: 745: 716: 683: 657: 643:August 31, 2015 622: 591: 565: 551:August 25, 2014 532: 495: 462: 437:woman in the refrigerator 429: 388: 136: 128: 123: 113: 108: 97: 89: 81: 73: 65: 55: 45: 30: 23: 1395:10.1177/1527476413502682 891:April 27, 2017 731:March 31, 2016 577:March 31, 2015 448:August 1, 2013 172:video series created by 2798:Works about video games 2778:2017 web series endings 1988:"125 Women of Impact". 1490:10.1145/2512276.2512283 1114:. National Public Radio 924:Harassment and response 789:July 27, 2016 761:"Lingerie is not Armor" 540:non-playable characters 518:June 16, 2014 374:March 7, 2013 284:The first video in the 2773:2013 web series debuts 1260:Bloomberg Businessweek 764:June 6, 2016 631:Beyond Good & Evil 608:May 12, 2015 415:May 28, 2013 266:sexism in video gaming 2803:Women and video games 1549:accessed May 28, 2013 958:Chris Suellentrop of 928:Further information: 837:"Sinister Seductress" 272:Production and impact 2768:2010s YouTube series 2112:(October 21, 2014). 2034:Entertainment Weekly 1935:Women & Language 1267:on November 26, 2014 999:Entertainment Weekly 953:Women & Language 691:pre-order incentives 687:downloadable content 536:sexually objectified 478:"Ms. Male Character" 268:to wider attention. 74:Theme music composer 16:YouTube video series 1887:The Washington Post 888:"The Lady Sidekick" 749:character animation 503:Smurfette Principle 2788:Feminist criticism 2690:Feminist Frequency 2271:Ms. Male Character 2031:. Rivera, Joshua. 1967:The New York Times 961:The New York Times 947:Critical reception 392:Damsel in Distress 332:Feminist Frequency 325:Feminist Frequency 317:Feminist Frequency 243:Damsel in Distress 218:Feminist Frequency 194:Feminist Frequency 50:Video game culture 40:used in the videos 2119:RealClearPolitics 2057:Chicago Sun-Times 2050:Steinberg, Neil. 2037:, 28 August 2014. 1992:. March 29, 2013. 1462:978-1-4422-3149-8 1437:978-1-4422-3149-8 1136:(June 13, 2012). 1042:RealClearPolitics 1007:Chicago Sun-Times 916: 915: 640:"Women as Reward" 315:In January 2015, 190:online harassment 161: 160: 118:Jonathan McIntosh 90:Original language 82:Country of origin 2815: 2750: 2749: 2748: 2738: 2737: 2726: 2725: 2724: 2717: 2691: 2676: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2658:Anita Sarkeesian 2654: 2648: 2647: 2645: 2643: 2630:Anita Sarkeesian 2626: 2620: 2619: 2617: 2615: 2602:Anita Sarkeesian 2598: 2592: 2591: 2589: 2587: 2574:Anita Sarkeesian 2570: 2564: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2546:Anita Sarkeesian 2542: 2536: 2535: 2533: 2531: 2518:Anita Sarkeesian 2514: 2508: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2490:Anita Sarkeesian 2486: 2480: 2479: 2477: 2475: 2462:Anita Sarkeesian 2458: 2452: 2451: 2449: 2447: 2434:Anita Sarkeesian 2430: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2406:Anita Sarkeesian 2402: 2396: 2395: 2393: 2391: 2378:Anita Sarkeesian 2374: 2368: 2367: 2365: 2363: 2350:Anita Sarkeesian 2346: 2340: 2339: 2337: 2335: 2322:Anita Sarkeesian 2318: 2312: 2311: 2309: 2307: 2294:Anita Sarkeesian 2290: 2284: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2266:Anita Sarkeesian 2262: 2256: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2238:Anita Sarkeesian 2234: 2228: 2227: 2225: 2223: 2210:Anita Sarkeesian 2206: 2200: 2199: 2197: 2195: 2182:Anita Sarkeesian 2178: 2159: 2158: 2156: 2154: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2126: 2106: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2080: 2074: 2073: 2071: 2069: 2047: 2038: 2026: 2020: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2000: 1994: 1993: 1985: 1979: 1978: 1976: 1974: 1957: 1951: 1950: 1930: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1878: 1872: 1871: 1869: 1867: 1851: 1845: 1844: 1836: 1830: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1808: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1781: 1775: 1774: 1772: 1771: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1746: 1731: 1725: 1724: 1722: 1720: 1703: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1692: 1677: 1671: 1670: 1668: 1666: 1651: 1642: 1630: 1624: 1623: 1621: 1619: 1607: 1601: 1600: 1598: 1596: 1585: 1576: 1575: 1573: 1571: 1556: 1550: 1544: 1538: 1537: 1535: 1533: 1518: 1512: 1511: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1448: 1442: 1441: 1423: 1417: 1416: 1406: 1380: 1371: 1365: 1364: 1362: 1360: 1349: 1343: 1342: 1340: 1338: 1329:. 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Index


Title card
Video game culture
Anita Sarkeesian
Jonathan McIntosh
YouTube
Anita Sarkeesian
gender representation in video games
crowdfunding
Kickstarter
online harassment
tropes
objectifying
Feminist Frequency
Bitch
YouTube
tropes
Bungie
Damsel in Distress
crowdfund
Kickstarter
Knowledge
sexism in video gaming
Tumblr
Jesse Singal
The Boston Globe
ReadWrite
YouTube
Axios
Damsel in Distress

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