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33:
216:, cylindrical structures containing light-sensitive cells. About halfway up the bell, the four flattened gonads can be seen on the inside of the bell. The underside of the bell is partially constricted by a velarium, a horizontal ring of tissue, and in the centre is a manubrium, a tube-like structure which hangs down with the mouth at its tip. This box jellyfish is a translucent yellowish-brown colour.
289:
displays complex behaviours such as the avoidance of obstacles and fast swimming in a particular direction and is able to maintain its position in the shaft of sunlit water presumably by using visual cues. The presence or absence of the copepod prey or the quantity present does not seem to affect its
207:
is about 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter. Its boxy dome-shaped bell has a flattened top and is slightly wider than it is high. From a single point on each of the four corners of the bell arise three tentacles, each on a pedalium or stalk. The outer surface of the bell is granulated with small
290:
turning behaviour or swimming speed but by remaining in the sunlit water it maximises the number of copepods on which it can feed. It can detect a cylindrical object such as a root when it gets close enough to it and can then swerve sharply to one side to avoid it. The visual system of
342:
before attaching themselves. The oral end of each polyp later differentiates into a proto-medusa which detaches itself from the base of the polyp to become a juvenile medusa and complete the life cycle.
301:
moves away from the mangroves a few metres further into the shallow lagoon and sinks to the bottom. It is not clear whether it settles on the bed of the lagoon or whether it swims slowly about among the
284:
consists of a group of six eyes of four morphological types. The uppermost and the lowest eye each contains a lens, and there are also a pair of slit eyes and a pair of pit eyes. It has been found that
294:
is attributed to its central nervous system. It is suggested that the nerves of the rhopalial nervous system, located in each rhopalium, may be responsible for the processing of visual information.
256:
is mostly to be found within 20 cm (8 in) of the surface, in sunlit positions among the prop roots of mangroves. These warm sunlit areas are where its main food item, the
460:
434:
265:, are to be found during the day. Dense swarms of these copepods form in the illuminated patches of water where shafts of sunlight shine through the mangrove canopy.
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and green algae. This is because when an investigator shines a light to observe it, it reacts by rising towards the surface. Each individual medusa of
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about 1 mm (0.04 in) long with four, knob-tipped tentacles surrounding a mouth. This may produce further polyps by
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larva which is brooded by the female inside the bell. It is later expelled and settles to the bottom where it undergoes
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forages by allowing itself to sink slowly towards the bottom with its tentacles spread out around it to snare its
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Box jellyfish swim by expanding and contracting their bells vigorously. During the day
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are found off the north coast of South
America in the Atlantic Ocean. One colony in
872:
785:
732:
714:
695:"Cell Proliferation in Cubozoan Jellyfish Tripedalia cystophora and Alatina moseri"
665:
643:
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511:
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244:, in the Caribbean Sea, was found inhabiting the margins of mangrove lagoons.
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Gurska, Daniela; Garm, Anders (2014-07-21). Steele, Robert E. (ed.).
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77:
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Buskey, E. (2003). "Behavioral adaptations of the cubozoan medusa
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Ruppert, Edward E.; Fox, Richard, S.; Barnes, Robert D. (2004).
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67:
644:
Garm, A.; O'Connor, M.; Parkefelt, L.; Nilsson, D.-E. (2007).
492:"Opposite Patterns of Diurnal Activity in the Box Jellyfish
276:
Box jellyfish have complex visual systems. Each of the four
490:
Garm, A.; Bielecki, J.; Petie, R.; Nilsson, D.-E. (2012).
646:"Visually guided obstacle avoidance in the box jellyfish
236:
as habitats, but marks them as unreviewed. Colonies of
770:Helgoländer Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen
362:
1001:
547:
759:
552:(7 ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 154.
572:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
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212:. About a quarter way up the bell are four
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465:Zooplankton of the South Atlantic Ocean
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413:Zooplankton of the South Atlantic Ocean
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467:. Marine Species Identification Portal
441:. Marine Species Identification Portal
415:. Marine Species Identification Portal
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314:(either male or female) and produces
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13:
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762:"Microanatomy of the cubopolyp,
377:World Register of Marine Species
226:World Register of Marine Species
208:wart-like structures armed with
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658:Journal of Experimental Biology
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452:
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1:
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720:10.1371/journal.pone.0102628
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338:and these creep across the
318:. After fertilisation, the
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363:Collins, Allen G. (2013).
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1015:Animals described in 1897
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620:10.1007/s00227-002-0938-y
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41:Scientific classification
39:
30:
23:
594:for feeding on copepod (
220:Distribution and habitat
760:Chapman, D. M. (1978).
1020:Fauna of the Caribbean
461:"Manubrium definition"
183:. It is native to the
860:Tripedalia_cystophora
846:Tripedalia cystophora
816:Tripedalia cystophora
764:Tripedalia cystophora
648:Tripedalia cystophora
592:Tripedalia cystophora
494:Tripedalia cystophora
459:D. Boltovskoy (ed.).
435:"Velarium definition"
433:D. Boltovskoy (ed.).
407:Tripedalia cystophora
403:D. Boltovskoy (ed.).
367:Tripedalia cystophora
308:Tripedalia cystophora
299:Tripedalia cystophora
292:Tripedalia cystophora
287:Tripedalia cystophora
282:Tripedalia cystophora
267:Tripedalia cystophora
254:Tripedalia cystophora
238:Tripedalia cystophora
205:Tripedalia cystophora
165:Tripedalia cystophora
150:Tripedalia cystophora
25:Tripedalia cystophora
550:Invertebrate Zoology
516:10.1086/BBLv222n1p35
234:Central Indo-Pacific
189:Central Indo-Pacific
16:Species of jellyfish
782:1978HWM....31..128C
711:2014PLoSO...9j2628G
652:Chiropsella bronzie
612:2003MarBi.142..225B
504:Biological Bulletin
791:10.1007/BF02296994
671:10.1242/jeb.004044
132:T. cystophora
997:
996:
946:Open Tree of Life
808:Taxon identifiers
664:(20): 3616–3623.
596:Dioithona oculata
559:978-81-315-0104-7
262:Dioithona oculata
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776:(1–2): 128–168.
766:(Class Cubozoa)"
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181:Tripedaliidae
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141:Binomial name
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510:(1): 35–45.
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959:SeaLifeBase
840:Wikispecies
598:) swarms".
242:Puerto Rico
210:nematocysts
195:Description
168:is a small
1004:Categories
471:2014-04-22
445:2014-04-22
419:2014-03-26
382:2014-03-26
347:References
304:seagrasses
228:lists the
119:Tripedalia
98:Carybdeida
729:1932-6203
568:cite book
340:substrate
297:At night
126:Species:
64:Kingdom:
58:Eukaryota
899:11187647
831:Q3382380
825:Wikidata
747:25047715
699:PLOS ONE
680:17921163
628:82856486
532:23945845
524:22426630
278:rhopalia
232:and the
214:rhopalia
187:and the
104:Family:
78:Cnidaria
74:Phylum:
68:Animalia
54:Domain:
886:2264707
778:Bibcode
738:4105575
707:Bibcode
608:Bibcode
336:budding
330:into a
324:planula
316:gametes
258:copepod
248:Biology
176:in the
170:species
114:Genus:
94:Order:
88:Cubozoa
84:Class:
987:291241
974:255736
971:uBio:
951:983582
938:291241
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320:zygote
201:medusa
178:family
982:WoRMS
964:45442
912:51472
894:IRMNG
873:58XLH
624:S2CID
528:S2CID
373:WoRMS
332:polyp
933:OBIS
925:6141
920:NCBI
907:ITIS
881:GBIF
743:PMID
725:ISSN
676:PMID
650:and
574:link
554:ISBN
520:PMID
496:and
271:prey
224:The
199:The
868:CoL
855:ADW
786:doi
733:PMC
715:doi
666:doi
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616:doi
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512:doi
508:222
310:is
203:of
172:of
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