1200:
25:
211:
It was not until 23 August that the
Italians finally agreed to the unconditional abrogation of the Treaty of Wuchale, and recognition of the sovereign independence of Ethiopia. Once the Italians had conceded on this point, negotiations proceeded quickly. The Italian prisoners-of-war, who had enjoyed
195:
On the other hand, his victory at Adwa resulted with
Menelik being in possession of 3,000 Italian soldiers, as well as a large victorious army facing the demoralized remnants of the Italian military in Eritrea, the latter fearing they would be driven into the sea at any moment. Further, when news of
186:
text of the Treaty of
Wuchale, Ethiopia was obliged to conduct all foreign affairs through Italy, which effectively made Ethiopia an Italian protectorate, while the Amharic version merely gave Ethiopia the option of communicating with third powers through the Italian government. Learning of this
203:
The initial
Italian offer, presented by Major Tomasso Salsa 11 March, offered Menelik Italy's abrogation of the Treaty of Wuchale and a new treaty of peace and friendship, but in return he remain "firm in his aim of not accepting the protectorate of any other power." Menelik had gone to war to
191:
text, Emperor
Menelik believed he had been deceived by the Italians; this had led to the war between the two countries. Moreover, the Italians had been carefully encroaching on Ethiopian territory over the months between the signing of that treaty in 1889 and when hostilities began in 1895.
216:
for their upkeep. Most surprisingly, the
Italians would retain most, if not all, of the territories beyond the Mareb-Belessa and May/Muni rivers they had taken; according Abyssinian Monarchists' Menelik gave away a sizable portion of
60:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
170:, which had colonial possessions bordering Ethiopia, also concluded treaties with Ethiopia which treated her as an equal. The treaty with France was signed in late January 1897, while the
233:
229:
225:
70:
1355:
1135:
205:
80:
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
208:, Menelik was so enraged at this offer that he demanded the return of their secret truce, saying he would hold Major Salsa hostage until then.
494:
622:
1293:
521:
1350:
844:
328:
1320:
1128:
1067:
1289:
1004:
708:
504:
725:
1188:
1158:
464:
437:
65:
1340:
1121:
1365:
1247:
1093:
341:
88:
538:
277:
101:
Content in this edit is translated from the existing
Italian Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
1345:
758:
509:
474:
715:
589:
864:
720:
696:
516:
171:
212:"reasonably benign captivity" (Marcus' words), would be repatriated, and Italy pay an indemnity of 10,000,000
974:
955:
829:
735:
674:
584:
569:
321:
1360:
1299:
893:
778:
773:
387:
1199:
1268:
999:
984:
950:
1183:
910:
703:
639:
594:
574:
499:
447:
110:
37:
1325:
1168:
925:
854:
816:
679:
629:
579:
442:
136:
1226:
962:
915:
905:
874:
609:
533:
392:
314:
204:
maintain his Empire's independence, not to exchange one master for another; according to historian
96:
967:
849:
839:
811:
763:
740:
454:
429:
155:
defeated the
Italians. The most important concession the Italians made was the abrogation of the
224:
The border between
Ethiopia proper and Eritrea was further defined in a series of agreements in
1335:
1330:
1231:
945:
686:
414:
1273:
979:
920:
879:
730:
691:
634:
548:
200:
was forced to resign. Ethiopian
Emperor Menelik was negotiating from a position of strength.
117:
1113:
1057:
1042:
994:
859:
750:
662:
599:
469:
357:
162:
Following the conclusion of this treaty and before the end of the next calendar year, the
8:
1178:
1086:
1019:
930:
869:
799:
768:
617:
561:
484:
459:
382:
349:
1173:
940:
834:
372:
1216:
1102:
1062:
1052:
1047:
1032:
1009:
644:
399:
273:
156:
92:
1221:
935:
419:
409:
377:
367:
197:
188:
183:
144:
140:
1263:
424:
267:
218:
1145:
1036:
821:
783:
163:
148:
221:
which had been treated as part of the Ethiopian empire since time immemorial.
1314:
1027:
404:
213:
1163:
989:
526:
489:
152:
99:
to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
306:
337:
296:, second edition (London: Faber and Faber, 1969), pp. 58f; Marcus,
151:
in March of the same year, in which Ethiopian forces commanded by
143:. This treaty superseded a secret agreement between Ethiopia and
362:
57:
167:
1143:
479:
16:
1896 treaty formally ending the First Italo-Ethiopian War
69:
to this template: there are already 660 articles in the
269:
The life and times of Menelik II: Ethiopia, 1844-1913
159:
and recognizing Ethiopia as an independent country.
254:
The Life and Times of Menelik II: Ethiopia 1844-1913
53:
256:(Lawrenceville: Red Sea Press, 1995), pp. 174-177
1312:
95:accompanying your translation by providing an
44:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
1129:
322:
135:, signed 23 October 1896, formally ended the
1356:Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
1136:
1122:
329:
315:
196:the defeat reached Italy, Prime Minister
177:
107:{{Translated|it|Trattato di Addis Abeba}}
1290:Italian Intervention in Northern Russia
1313:
265:
1117:
336:
310:
18:
147:negotiated days after the decisive
13:
266:Marcus, Harold G. (January 1995).
14:
1377:
1351:Treaties of the Ethiopian Empire
1198:
23:
1321:Military history of Addis Ababa
1184:Italo-Ethiopian War of 1935–36
1169:Italo-Ethiopian War of 1895–96
286:
272:. Red Sea Press. p. 175.
259:
246:
172:treaty with the United Kingdom
105:You may also add the template
1:
1248:Italian Blockade of Venezuela
239:
139:on terms mostly favorable to
1300:Occupation of Constantinople
1269:Italian Invasion of Anatolia
7:
1159:Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887
495:Federal Democratic Republic
77:will aid in categorization.
10:
1382:
1341:Peace treaties of Ethiopia
1144:Colonial conflicts in the
294:The Government of Ethiopia
52:Machine translation, like
1366:First Italo-Ethiopian War
1282:
1256:
1240:
1209:
1194:
1152:
1080:
1018:
901:
892:
807:
798:
749:
670:
661:
608:
560:
556:
547:
348:
137:First Italo-Ethiopian War
38:the corresponding article
1227:Second Italo-Senussi War
517:War in Somalia (2006–09)
174:was signed 14 May 1897.
1346:Peace treaties of Italy
116:For more guidance, see
845:Industrial development
759:National Defense Force
500:Eritrean–Ethiopian War
178:Negotiating the treaty
1274:Siberian intervention
1232:World War II campaign
1189:World War II Campaign
539:Territorial evolution
434:Italo-Ethiopian wars
133:Treaty of Addis Ababa
118:Knowledge:Translation
89:copyright attribution
1164:Mahdist War in Sudan
1068:World Heritage Sites
1005:Water and sanitation
430:Menelik's Expansions
187:divergence from the
1361:October 1896 events
1179:Somaliland campaign
1174:Banadir Resistance
865:Telecommunications
779:Army of the Empire
460:Italian occupation
415:Ethiopian–Adal War
373:Kingdom of Wolaita
97:interlanguage link
1308:
1307:
1217:Italo-Turkish War
1111:
1110:
1076:
1075:
975:Human trafficking
888:
887:
794:
793:
736:Foreign relations
726:Political parties
657:
656:
653:
652:
510:2018 peace summit
400:Solomonic dynasty
157:Treaty of Wuchale
129:
128:
45:
1373:
1326:1896 in Ethiopia
1222:Senussi campaign
1202:
1138:
1131:
1124:
1115:
1114:
1096:
1089:
899:
898:
825:
805:
804:
774:Military history
668:
667:
558:
557:
554:
553:
475:1974 coup d'Ă©tat
420:Gondarine period
410:Kingdom of Kaffa
378:Ethiopian Empire
368:Kingdom of Aksum
331:
324:
317:
308:
307:
301:
292:Margery Perham,
290:
284:
283:
263:
257:
250:
206:Harold G. Marcus
198:Francesco Crispi
108:
102:
76:
75:|topic=
73:, and specifying
58:Google Translate
43:
27:
26:
19:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1311:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1278:
1264:Boxer Rebellion
1252:
1236:
1205:
1192:
1148:
1142:
1112:
1107:
1099:
1092:
1085:
1072:
1014:
1000:Public holidays
985:Law enforcement
884:
823:
790:
745:
649:
604:
543:
505:Border conflict
425:Zemene Mesafint
363:Kingdom of DĘżmt
344:
335:
305:
304:
291:
287:
280:
264:
260:
252:Harold Marcus,
251:
247:
242:
180:
125:
124:
123:
106:
100:
74:
46:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1379:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1302:
1297:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1260:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1146:Italian Empire
1141:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1118:
1109:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1098:
1097:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1030:
1024:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
971:
970:
960:
959:
958:
953:
948:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
911:Child marriage
908:
902:
896:
890:
889:
886:
885:
883:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
819:
814:
808:
802:
796:
795:
792:
791:
789:
788:
787:
786:
781:
771:
766:
761:
755:
753:
747:
746:
744:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
712:
711:
704:Prime Minister
701:
700:
699:
689:
684:
683:
682:
671:
665:
659:
658:
655:
654:
651:
650:
648:
647:
642:
637:
632:
627:
626:
625:
614:
612:
610:Administrative
606:
605:
603:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
566:
564:
551:
545:
544:
542:
541:
536:
534:Historiography
531:
530:
529:
522:Civil conflict
519:
514:
513:
512:
507:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
451:
450:
445:
440:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
396:
395:
390:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
354:
352:
346:
345:
334:
333:
326:
319:
311:
303:
302:
285:
278:
258:
244:
243:
241:
238:
179:
176:
164:United Kingdom
149:Battle of Adwa
127:
126:
122:
121:
114:
103:
81:
78:
66:adding a topic
61:
50:
47:
33:
32:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1378:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1336:1896 treaties
1334:
1332:
1331:1896 in Italy
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1243:
1241:South America
1239:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1119:
1116:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
969:
966:
965:
964:
961:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
943:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
926:Ethnic groups
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
912:
909:
907:
904:
903:
900:
897:
895:
891:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
855:Manufacturing
853:
851:
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
809:
806:
803:
801:
797:
785:
782:
780:
777:
776:
775:
772:
770:
767:
765:
764:Ground Forces
762:
760:
757:
756:
754:
752:
748:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
710:
707:
706:
705:
702:
698:
695:
694:
693:
690:
688:
685:
681:
678:
677:
676:
673:
672:
669:
666:
664:
660:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
624:
621:
620:
619:
616:
615:
613:
611:
607:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
567:
565:
563:
559:
555:
552:
550:
546:
540:
537:
535:
532:
528:
525:
524:
523:
520:
518:
515:
511:
508:
506:
503:
502:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
435:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
405:Zagwe dynasty
403:
401:
398:
394:
391:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
332:
327:
325:
320:
318:
313:
312:
309:
299:
295:
289:
281:
279:9781569020098
275:
271:
270:
262:
255:
249:
245:
237:
235:
231:
227:
222:
220:
215:
214:Italian liras
209:
207:
201:
199:
193:
190:
185:
175:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
119:
115:
112:
104:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
79:
72:
71:main category
68:
67:
62:
59:
55:
51:
49:
48:
41:
39:
34:You can help
30:
21:
20:
1210:North Africa
963:Human rights
916:Demographics
906:Architecture
875:Trade unions
675:Constitution
465:World War II
393:regnal lists
297:
293:
288:
268:
261:
253:
248:
223:
210:
202:
194:
181:
161:
132:
130:
93:edit summary
84:
64:
35:
1153:East Africa
850:Land reform
840:Foreign aid
812:Agriculture
741:Foreign aid
590:Earthquakes
455:World War I
358:Prehistoric
1315:Categories
1043:Literature
946:Healthcare
824:(currency)
721:Parliament
687:Government
527:Tigray War
490:Ogaden War
470:Revolution
298:Menelik II
240:References
153:Menelik II
40:in Italian
980:Languages
921:Education
880:Transport
830:Companies
769:Air Force
731:Elections
692:President
623:Governors
585:Volcanoes
570:Mountains
549:Geography
485:Civil War
111:talk page
63:Consider
1103:Category
1058:Religion
995:Polygamy
951:Maternal
860:Taxation
751:Military
663:Politics
342:articles
338:Ethiopia
300:, p. 175
141:Ethiopia
87:provide
1087:Outline
1033:Cuisine
1020:Culture
956:Women's
931:Famines
894:Society
870:Tourism
800:Economy
716:Council
680:history
635:Woredas
618:Regions
562:Geology
438:1887–89
383:Emperor
350:History
189:Amharic
184:Italian
182:In the
109:to the
91:in the
1283:Europe
1063:Sports
990:People
941:Health
835:Energy
645:Kebele
640:Cities
575:Rivers
448:Second
340:
276:
232:, and
219:Tigray
168:France
1094:Index
1053:Music
1048:Media
1010:Women
822:Birr
817:Banks
630:Zones
600:Fauna
595:Flora
580:Lakes
443:First
145:Italy
54:DeepL
1257:Asia
1037:wine
968:LGBT
936:Flag
784:Navy
709:list
697:list
480:Derg
388:list
274:ISBN
234:1908
230:1902
226:1900
166:and
131:The
85:must
83:You
1028:Art
56:or
42:.
1317::
1294:it
236:.
228:,
1296:)
1292:(
1137:e
1130:t
1123:v
1039:)
1035:(
330:e
323:t
316:v
282:.
120:.
113:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.