143:
166:
2071:
2049:
2054:
124:
515:
543:. These postcanines are closely spaced with their crowns touching each other. Each is usually wider than it is long and is covered in several cusps. Because of their complexity, postcanine teeth are the primary means of identifying and distinguishing different species of traversodonts.
1349:
Viglietti, P.A.; McPhee, B.W.; Bordy, E.M.; Sciscio, L.; Barrett, P.M.; Benson, R.B.J.; Wills, S.; Tolchard, F.; Choiniere, J.N. (1 June 2020). "Biostratigraphy of the
Scalenodontoides Assemblage Zone (Stormberg Group, Karoo Supergroup), South Africa".
546:
Traversodonts have relatively short skulls. The snout is much narrower than the back of the skull. The tip of the snout is wider than the middle, as it constricts behind the large canines. The tooth rows of the upper jaws are inset while the
555:
extend outward, suggesting that traversodonts may have had cheeks. Primitive features of traversodonts include costal plates around the vertebrae, which stabilize the spine. These plates were lost in more advanced traversodonts like
1276:
1217:
While most traversodonts were relatively large cynodonts, particularly
Scalenodontoides with extrapolated 60cm skull making it potentially the largest nonmammalian cynodont, some Late Triassic European forms like
1314:
Kammerer, C. F.; Flynn, J. J.; Ranivoharimanana, L.; Wyss, A. R. (2012). "Ontogeny in the
Malagasy Traversodontid Dadadon isaloi and a Reconsideration of its Phylogenetic Relationships".
1277:"A new traversodontid cynodont with a peculiar postcanine dentition from the Middle/Late Triassic of Namibia and dental evolution in basal gomphodonts"
1949:
354:
2164:
1731:
1467:
1385:
Godefroit, P. (1999). "New traversodontid (Therapsida: Cynodontia) teeth from the Upper
Triassic of Habay-la-Vieille (southern Belgium)".
2223:
2151:
2233:
499:
1446:
2228:
17:
165:
2129:
1439:
2218:
2048:
2053:
142:
2195:
2091:
2074:
2190:
2182:
2169:
1912:
431:
2138:
1432:
1255:
274:
8:
1974:
1573:
1004:
595:
495:
494:
before going extinct at the end of the epoch. The family
Traversodontidae was erected by
439:
270:
1824:
1546:
1402:
1367:
1331:
1296:
402:
160:
2177:
1990:
1406:
1371:
1300:
1018:
1335:
2018:
1956:
1921:
1877:
1715:
1394:
1359:
1323:
1288:
1243:
1107:
918:
839:
675:
599:
583:
456:
423:
1292:
594:(2012) found strong support for two clades within Traversodontidae: the subfamily
1704:
1688:
487:
252:
39:
1928:
1894:
1845:
1831:
1810:
1677:
1275:
Hendrickx, C.; Gaetano, L. C.; Choiniere, J. N.; Mocke, H.; Abdala, F. (2020).
1235:
932:
863:
799:
552:
364:
334:
323:
303:
1327:
2212:
2114:
2025:
1901:
1838:
1763:
973:
880:
491:
483:
475:
344:
133:
81:
43:
1803:
1663:
1515:
1419:
1363:
782:
641:
587:
579:
575:
540:
528:
293:
2123:
1983:
1866:
1859:
1779:
1772:
1752:
1651:
1637:
1615:
1585:
1455:
1239:
1090:
689:
628:
613:
571:
558:
532:
412:
384:
152:
56:
1242:. Traversodontids on these islands likely became smaller as a result of
2156:
2004:
1852:
1745:
1697:
1558:
1506:
1497:
1398:
1066:
730:
655:
536:
374:
236:
223:
101:
66:
2011:
1942:
1531:
1488:
1220:
603:
460:
210:
177:
106:
50:
2085:
2108:
1963:
1738:
1724:
1479:
1231:
713:
598:, which had been identified in 2008, and the newly named subfamily
548:
467:
463:
197:
96:
91:
76:
71:
61:
1997:
1935:
1886:
1313:
1226:
1042:
956:
535:
cynodonts. As an adaptation toward eating plants, they have wide
520:
453:
111:
86:
2143:
123:
1817:
1473:
514:
503:
479:
471:
313:
187:
1424:
1274:
570:
Traversodontidae belongs to a large clade of cynodonts called
1348:
586:, and both groups are placed in the cynognathian clade
1230:
were very small. These traversodonts lived during the
478:. Recently, traversodonts have also been found from
436:
428:
420:
408:
398:
390:
380:
370:
360:
350:
340:
330:
319:
309:
299:
289:
2210:
1440:
1635:
1447:
1433:
141:
122:
1384:
1530:
513:
14:
2211:
1268:
1238:divided western Europe into an island
486:. Traversodonts first appeared in the
2090:
2089:
1466:
1428:
1307:
498:in 1936 for cynodonts first found in
1418:Much of this information comes from
1378:
1281:Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
24:
1234:stage of the latest Triassic when
25:
2245:
2224:Middle Triassic first appearances
1316:Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences
2070:
2069:
2052:
2047:
1352:South African Journal of Geology
164:
54:
1454:
1212:
470:, with many species known from
466:. Traversodonts were primarily
2234:Prehistoric therapsid families
1342:
509:
13:
1:
1293:10.1080/14772019.2020.1804470
1261:
527:Traversodonts are members of
1387:Paläontologische Zeitschrift
565:
7:
1249:
590:. The analysis of Kammerer
27:Extinct family of cynodonts
10:
2250:
2229:Late Triassic extinctions
2098:
2065:
2045:
1973:
1911:
1876:
1798:
1789:
1762:
1714:
1687:
1672:
1661:
1646:
1631:
1612:
1584:
1566:
1557:
1539:
1526:
1462:
1328:10.3158/2158-5520-5.1.112
1104:
1087:
1080:
1063:
1056:
1039:
1032:
1015:
1008:
970:
953:
946:
929:
922:
912:
877:
860:
853:
836:
829:
822:
796:
779:
772:
765:
727:
710:
703:
686:
679:
669:
652:
645:
625:
618:
578:analyses place it as the
531:, a group of herbivorous
286:
281:
161:Scientific classification
159:
149:
140:
130:
121:
34:
490:and diversified in the
1364:10.25131/sajg.123.0017
524:
2191:Paleobiology Database
1913:Arctotraversodontinae
517:
432:Arctotraversodontinae
1256:Evolution of mammals
606:from that analysis:
131:Life restoration of
1975:Gomphodontosuchinae
1005:Gomphodontosuchinae
596:Gomphodontosuchinae
539:teeth behind large
496:Friedrich von Huene
440:Gomphodontosuchinae
1399:10.1007/BF02988049
525:
2206:
2205:
2178:Open Tree of Life
2092:Taxon identifiers
2083:
2082:
2061:
2060:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2035:
2034:
1991:Gomphodontosuchus
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1603:
1287:(20): 1669–1706.
1236:rising sea levels
1209:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1172:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1146:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1128:
1127:
1119:
1118:
1019:Gomphodontosuchus
994:
993:
985:
984:
901:
900:
892:
891:
811:
810:
751:
750:
742:
741:
447:
446:
277:
16:(Redirected from
2241:
2199:
2198:
2186:
2185:
2173:
2172:
2160:
2159:
2147:
2146:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2130:Traversodontidae
2119:
2118:
2117:
2100:Traversodontidae
2087:
2086:
2073:
2072:
2056:
2051:
2019:Scalenodontoides
1957:Plinthogomphodon
1922:Arctotraversodon
1878:Massetognathinae
1796:
1795:
1791:Traversodontidae
1716:Trirachodontidae
1670:
1669:
1644:
1643:
1633:
1632:
1564:
1563:
1537:
1536:
1528:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1464:
1463:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1420:Traversodontidae
1411:
1410:
1393:(3–4): 385–394.
1382:
1376:
1375:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1272:
1244:insular dwarfism
1108:Scalenodontoides
1083:
1082:
1059:
1058:
1035:
1034:
1011:
1010:
949:
948:
925:
924:
919:Massetognathinae
915:
914:
856:
855:
840:Arctotraversodon
832:
831:
825:
824:
775:
774:
768:
767:
762:Traversodontidae
706:
705:
682:
681:
676:Trirachodontidae
672:
671:
648:
647:
621:
620:
610:
609:
600:Massetognathinae
584:Trirachodontidae
553:zygomatic arches
500:São Pedro do Sul
450:Traversodontidae
438:
430:
424:Massetognathinae
422:
410:
400:
394:Traversodontinae
392:
382:
372:
362:
352:
342:
332:
321:
311:
301:
291:
269:
266:Traversodontidae
264:
251:
169:
168:
145:
126:
116:
53:
38:Temporal range:
35:Traversodontidae
32:
31:
21:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2219:Traversodontids
2209:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2194:
2189:
2181:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2155:
2150:
2142:
2137:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2113:
2112:
2107:
2094:
2084:
2079:
2057:
2031:
1969:
1950:Microscalenodon
1907:
1872:
1785:
1758:
1710:
1705:Titanogomphodon
1689:Diademodontidae
1683:
1666:
1657:
1640:
1619:
1600:
1580:
1553:
1522:
1469:
1468:
1458:
1453:
1415:
1414:
1383:
1379:
1347:
1343:
1312:
1308:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1252:
1215:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
995:
986:
902:
893:
812:
752:
743:
568:
512:
502:in Paleorrota,
488:Middle Triassic
355:Paratraversodon
268:
262:
253:Neogomphodontia
249:
163:
117:
115:
114:
109:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
49:247–201.3
48:
47:
40:Middle Triassic
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2247:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2204:
2203:
2201:
2200:
2187:
2174:
2161:
2148:
2135:
2120:
2104:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2081:
2080:
2078:
2077:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2029:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2001:
1994:
1987:
1979:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1967:
1960:
1953:
1946:
1939:
1932:
1929:Boreogomphodon
1925:
1917:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1905:
1898:
1895:Massetognathus
1891:
1882:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1846:Pascualgnathus
1842:
1835:
1832:Mandagomphodon
1828:
1821:
1814:
1811:Colbertosaurus
1807:
1799:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1776:
1768:
1766:
1760:
1759:
1757:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1735:
1728:
1720:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1693:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1678:Gornogomphodon
1673:
1667:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1647:
1641:
1636:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1567:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1540:
1534:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1476:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1451:
1444:
1437:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1377:
1358:(2): 239–248.
1341:
1306:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1248:
1214:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1179:
1176:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1144:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1135:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1112:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1086:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1038:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
992:
991:
988:
987:
983:
982:
979:
978:
969:
966:
965:
962:
961:
952:
947:
945:
942:
941:
938:
937:
933:Massetognathus
928:
923:
921:
913:
911:
908:
907:
904:
903:
899:
898:
895:
894:
890:
889:
886:
885:
876:
873:
872:
869:
868:
864:Boreogomphodon
859:
854:
852:
849:
848:
845:
844:
835:
830:
828:
823:
821:
818:
817:
814:
813:
809:
808:
805:
804:
800:Pascualgnathus
795:
792:
791:
788:
787:
778:
773:
771:
766:
764:
758:
757:
754:
753:
749:
748:
745:
744:
740:
739:
736:
735:
726:
723:
722:
719:
718:
709:
704:
702:
699:
698:
695:
694:
685:
680:
678:
670:
668:
665:
664:
661:
660:
651:
646:
644:
638:
637:
634:
633:
624:
619:
617:
608:
582:to the family
567:
564:
511:
508:
445:
444:
443:
442:
434:
426:
418:
417:
416:
406:
388:
378:
368:
365:Pascualgnathus
358:
348:
338:
335:Mandagomphodon
328:
324:Gornogomphodon
317:
307:
304:Colbertosaurus
297:
284:
283:
279:
278:
260:
256:
255:
247:
240:
239:
234:
227:
226:
221:
214:
213:
208:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
157:
156:
147:
146:
138:
137:
128:
127:
119:
118:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
37:
26:
18:Traversodontid
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2246:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2197:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2171:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2140:
2136:
2131:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2106:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2088:
2076:
2068:
2067:
2064:
2055:
2050:
2028:
2027:
2026:Siriusgnathus
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2013:
2009:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1940:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1904:
1903:
1902:Santacruzodon
1899:
1897:
1896:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1850:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1841:
1840:
1839:Nanogomphodon
1836:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1764:Sinognathinae
1761:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1618:
1617:
1611:
1594:
1593:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1575:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1450:
1445:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1381:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1345:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1271:
1267:
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1233:
1229:
1228:
1223:
1222:
1205:
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1187:
1186:
1178:
1177:
1169:
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1160:
1159:
1151:
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1142:
1141:
1133:
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1124:
1123:
1115:
1114:
1111:
1110:
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1092:
1085:
1084:
1078:
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1054:
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1026:
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1022:
1021:
1020:
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1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
990:
989:
981:
980:
977:
976:
975:
974:Santacruzodon
968:
967:
964:
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960:
959:
958:
951:
950:
944:
943:
940:
939:
936:
935:
934:
927:
926:
920:
917:
916:
910:
909:
906:
905:
897:
896:
888:
887:
884:
883:
882:
881:Nanogomphodon
875:
874:
871:
870:
867:
866:
865:
858:
857:
851:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
841:
834:
833:
827:
826:
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794:
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769:
763:
760:
759:
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747:
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738:
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721:
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708:
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684:
683:
677:
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631:
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623:
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612:
611:
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605:
602:. Below is a
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
563:
561:
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554:
550:
544:
542:
538:
534:
530:
523:
522:
516:
507:
505:
501:
497:
493:
492:Late Triassic
489:
485:
484:North America
481:
477:
476:South America
473:
469:
465:
462:
458:
455:
451:
441:
435:
433:
427:
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419:
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407:
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389:
387:
386:
379:
377:
376:
369:
367:
366:
359:
357:
356:
349:
347:
346:
345:Nanogomphodon
339:
337:
336:
329:
326:
325:
318:
316:
315:
308:
306:
305:
298:
296:
295:
288:
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285:
280:
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176:
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167:
162:
158:
155:
154:
148:
144:
139:
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134:Siriusgnathus
129:
125:
120:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
58:
52:
45:
44:Late Triassic
41:
33:
30:
19:
2099:
2024:
2017:
2010:
2003:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1927:
1920:
1900:
1893:
1885:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:
1816:
1809:
1804:Andescynodon
1802:
1790:
1778:
1771:
1751:
1744:
1737:
1732:Guttigomphus
1730:
1723:
1703:
1696:
1676:
1664:Gomphodontia
1650:
1614:
1516:Eucynodontia
1511:
1502:
1493:
1484:
1390:
1386:
1380:
1355:
1351:
1344:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1284:
1280:
1270:
1225:
1219:
1216:
1213:Paleobiology
1106:
1105:
1089:
1088:
1065:
1064:
1041:
1040:
1017:
1016:
972:
971:
955:
954:
931:
930:
879:
878:
862:
861:
838:
837:
798:
797:
783:Andescynodon
781:
780:
761:
729:
728:
712:
711:
688:
687:
654:
653:
642:Gomphodontia
627:
626:
591:
588:Gomphodontia
580:sister taxon
576:phylogenetic
569:
557:
545:
533:cynognathian
529:Gomphodontia
526:
519:
449:
448:
411:
401:
393:
383:
373:
363:
353:
343:
333:
322:
312:
302:
294:Andescynodon
292:
265:
243:
230:
217:
204:
151:
132:
29:
2124:Wikispecies
1984:Exaeretodon
1867:Traversodon
1860:Theropsodon
1780:Sinognathus
1773:Beishanodon
1753:Trirachodon
1652:Cynognathus
1638:Cynognathia
1616:Cynognathia
1586:Cynognathia
1456:Cynognathia
1322:: 112–125.
1240:archipelago
1091:Exaeretodon
690:Trirachodon
629:Cynognathus
614:Cynognathia
572:Cynognathia
559:Exaeretodon
510:Description
461:herbivorous
413:Traversodon
385:Theropsodon
153:Exaeretodon
2213:Categories
2005:Protuberum
1853:Scalenodon
1746:Langbergia
1698:Diademodon
1595:see below↓
1574:Cynodontia
1559:Cynodontia
1507:Cynodontia
1498:Therapsida
1262:References
1067:Protuberum
731:Langbergia
656:Diademodon
537:postcanine
375:Scalenodon
282:Subgroups
237:Cynodontia
224:Therapsida
2012:Ruberodon
1943:Maubeugia
1547:Synapsida
1532:Synapsida
1489:Synapsida
1472:Kingdom:
1407:129774497
1372:225846284
1301:221838726
1221:Maubeugia
604:cladogram
566:Phylogeny
518:Skull of
468:Gondwanan
464:cynodonts
271:von Huene
211:Synapsida
184:Kingdom:
178:Eukaryota
150:Skull of
2109:Wikidata
2075:Category
1964:Rosieria
1739:Impidens
1725:Cricodon
1480:Chordata
1478:Phylum:
1474:Animalia
1336:84651546
1250:See also
1232:Rhaetian
714:Cricodon
549:maxillae
259:Family:
198:Chordata
194:Phylum:
188:Animalia
174:Domain:
2183:4947273
2157:3239114
2144:4522893
2115:Q972010
1998:Menadon
1936:Habayia
1887:Dadadon
1825:Luangwa
1227:Habayia
1043:Menadon
957:Dadadon
616:
574:. Most
541:canines
521:Dadadon
454:extinct
403:Luangwa
2170:117042
1818:Etjoia
1405:
1370:
1334:
1299:
592:et al.
504:Brazil
480:Europe
472:Africa
457:family
452:is an
314:Etjoia
2196:39195
2165:IRMNG
1512:Clade
1503:Clade
1494:Clade
1485:Clade
1403:S2CID
1368:S2CID
1332:S2CID
1297:S2CID
244:Clade
231:Clade
218:Clade
205:Clade
2152:GBIF
1572:see
1545:see
1224:and
551:and
482:and
474:and
275:1936
57:PreꞒ
2139:EoL
1395:doi
1360:doi
1356:123
1324:doi
1289:doi
459:of
2215::
2193::
2180::
2167::
2154::
2141::
2126::
2111::
1514::
1505::
1496::
1487::
1401:.
1391:73
1389:.
1366:.
1354:.
1330:.
1318:.
1295:.
1285:18
1283:.
1279:.
1246:.
562:.
506:.
273:,
246::
233::
220::
207::
107:Pg
51:Ma
46:,
42:-
1890:?
1448:e
1441:t
1434:v
1409:.
1397::
1374:.
1362::
1338:.
1326::
1320:5
1303:.
1291::
437:†
429:†
421:†
409:†
399:†
391:†
381:†
371:†
361:†
351:†
341:†
331:†
327:?
320:†
310:†
300:†
290:†
263:†
250:†
112:N
102:K
97:J
92:T
87:P
82:C
77:D
72:S
67:O
62:Ꞓ
20:)
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