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and another. The requirement of continuous and expeditious transit does not preclude passage through the strait for the purpose of entering, leaving or returning from a state bordering the strait, subject to the conditions of entry to that state. The transit passage may be exercised regardless of the
65:
Transit passage exists throughout the entire strait, not just in the area overlapped by the territorial waters of the coastal nations. The ships and aircraft of all nations, including warships, auxiliaries, and military aircraft, enjoy the right of unimpeded transit passage in such straits and their
46:
Within such straits (article 37 of UNCLOS), including Arctic straits, all ships and aircraft enjoy the right of transit passage (article 38 of UNCLOS), in accordance with Part III of UNCLOS, which means the right of navigation and overflight solely for the purpose of continuous and expeditious
417:
54:. Although not all countries have ratified the convention, most countries, including the US, accept the customary navigation rules as codified in the Convention. This navigation rule took on more importance with
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are generally not covered by the UNCLOS and fall instead under the respective national laws, with the three notable exceptions of the globally important canals due to their prior treaties: the
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made the right of innocent passage in the straits relatively unimportant due to sheer dominance of the straits covered by the transit passage regime in terms of both numbers and importance.
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approaches. Submarines are free to transit international straits submerged since that is their normal mode of operation. Transit passage rights do not extend to any state's
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where there is not a simple alternative route, and excluding those instances where there is a long-standing international convention governing the straits, namely the
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nationality (flag) of the ship, its form of ownership, the merchant or government status of a ship or warship, the private or government status of an aircraft (under
427:
388:"The special status of the Strait of the Aland Islands as an exception of the transit passage principle (Art. 35 of the Convention on the Law of the Sea)"
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transit of the strait between one part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone.
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from three to twelve nautical miles, causing more straits not to have a navigation passage between the territorial waters of the coastal nations.
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26:, which allows a vessel or aircraft the freedom of navigation or overflight solely for the purpose of continuous and expeditious transit of a
490:
Priestnall, Graham (1997). "The
Regimes of Archipelagic Sea Lanes Passage and Straits' Transit Passage – Similarities and Differences".
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265:"Chronological lists of ratifications of, accessions and successions to the Convention and the related Agreements as at 3 June 2011"
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159:) of states – not just straits – and has more restrictive requirements for passing vessels.
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181:(ASLP) regime that is similar to the transit passage, but applies to the
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Navigational rights and freedoms in the international law and practice
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International
Straits: Concept, Classification and Rules of Passage
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310:. University of Hawaii. pp. 178, 179, 186–187, 194–197.
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In contrast, the artificial maritime canals such as the
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the
Convention on International Civil Aviation of 1944
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This navigation rule is codified in Part III of the
73:The legal regime of transit passage exists for all
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269:Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea
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301:"Transit Passage Through International Straits"
298:
294:
292:
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252:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
151:is a similar right which applies to the entire
121:are covered by the transit passage provisions.
52:United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea
101:. The major international trade routes of the
58:as that convention confirmed the widening of
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75:straits used for international navigation
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163:is a similar right which applies to
308:The Future of Ocean Regime-Building
170:Introduction of transit passage in
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299:Jon M. Van Dyke (2 October 2008).
14:
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366:United States Department of State
316:10.1163/ej.9789004172678.i-786.50
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359:"Presidential Proclamation 5030"
394:(12). The Gdańsk Branch of the
504:10.1080/07266472.1997.10878494
469:. Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
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179:archipelagic sea lanes passage
1:
463:LĂłpez MartĂn, Ana G. (2010).
192:
7:
155:(and certain grandfathered
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426:, p. xv, Foreword by
396:Polish Academy of Sciences
386:Bugajski, Dariusz (2006).
177:UNCLOS III also added the
220:. pp. 146, 305–308.
30:between one part of the
36:exclusive economic zone
254:, Part III, Article 38
161:Freedom of navigation
428:Luis Ignacio Sánchez
218:Polish Naval Academy
210:Bugajski, Dariusz R.
185:passing through the
165:international waters
22:is a concept of the
187:archipelagic waters
103:Strait of Gibraltar
95:Strait of Magellan
60:territorial waters
476:978-3-642-12906-3
424:LĂłpez MartĂn 2010
357:(10 March 1983).
227:978-83-961549-1-0
119:Strait of Malacca
70:within a strait.
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492:Maritime Studies
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328:. Archived from
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149:Innocent passage
111:Strait of Hormuz
91:straits of Tiran
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153:territorial sea
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87:Turkish straits
68:internal waters
20:Transit passage
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529:Law of the sea
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355:Reagan, Ronald
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144:Related rights
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99:Beagle Channel
79:Danish straits
24:law of the sea
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392:Prawo Morskie
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498:(96): 1–12.
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480:. Retrieved
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407:. Retrieved
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369:. Retrieved
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337:. Retrieved
330:the original
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273:. Retrieved
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134:Panama Canal
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107:Dover Strait
83:Sea of Ă…land
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64:
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19:
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431: [
482:2024-08-29
236:1267382284
193:References
172:UNCLOS III
138:Suez Canal
130:Kiel Canal
56:UNCLOS III
16:Legal term
512:0726-6472
404:0860-7338
398:: 81–97.
371:2 January
275:2 January
183:sea lanes
32:high seas
523:Category
212:(2021).
136:and the
97:and the
457:Sources
510:
473:
409:28 May
402:
339:6 July
322:
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224:
132:, the
93:, the
89:, the
85:, the
81:, the
28:strait
435:]
362:(PDF)
333:(PDF)
304:(PDF)
508:ISSN
496:1997
471:ISBN
411:2024
400:ISSN
373:2011
341:2019
320:ISBN
277:2011
271:. UN
232:OCLC
222:ISBN
117:and
500:doi
312:doi
43:).
34:or
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