821:, West Germany, had observed a bright glow on the lunar surface—the same sort of eerie luminescence that has intrigued Moon watchers for centuries. The report was passed on to Houston and thence to the astronauts. Neil Armstrong reported back: "Hey, Houston. I'm looking north up toward Aristarchus now, and I can't really tell at that distance whether I really am looking at Aristarchus, but there's an area there that is considerably more illuminated than the surrounding area. It just has – seems to have a slight amount of fluorescence to it as a crater can be seen, and the area around the crater is quite bright."
127:
which was below writhed, as it were, in anxiety, and, to put it in the words of those who reported it to me and saw it with their own eyes, the moon throbbed like a wounded snake. Afterwards it resumed its proper state. This phenomenon was repeated a dozen times or more, the flame assuming various twisting shapes at random and then returning to normal. Then after these transformations the moon from horn to horn, that is along its whole length, took on a blackish appearance.
4424:
4475:
3289:
4499:
4451:
4487:
4463:
279:" (his emphasis), whereas at high illumination, it was visible as a bright spot. Based on repeat observations, he further stated that "Linné can never be seen under any illumination as a crater of the normal type" and that "a local change has taken place". Today, Linné is visible as a normal young impact crater with a diameter of about 1.5 miles (2.4 km).
134:. However, more recent studies suggest that it appears very unlikely the 1178 event was related to the formation of Crater Giordano Bruno, or was even a true transient lunar phenomenon at all. The millions of tons of lunar debris ejected from an impact large enough to leave a 22-km-wide crater would have resulted in an unprecedentedly intense, week-long
1184:, these must be regarded with caution. As discussed above, an equally plausible hypothesis for some of these events is that they are caused by the terrestrial atmosphere. If an event were to be observed at two different places on Earth at the same time, this could be used as evidence against an atmospheric origin.
1078:
during the time of this two-year mission. These observations could be explained by the slow and visually imperceptible diffusion of gas to the surface, or by discrete explosive events. In support of explosive outgassing, it has been suggested that a roughly 3 km (1.9 mi) diameter region of
126:
There was a bright new moon, and as usual in that phase its horns were tilted toward the east; and suddenly the upper horn split in two. From the midpoint of this division a flaming torch sprang up, spewing out, over a considerable distance, fire, hot coals, and sparks. Meanwhile the body of the moon
1162:
It is possible that many transient phenomena might not be associated with the Moon itself but could be a result of unfavourable observing conditions or phenomena associated with the Earth. For instance, some reported transient phenomena are for objects near the resolution of the employed telescopes.
953:
features were recorded the following night that did not change in appearance over the six minutes of data collection. Observations three days later showed a similar, but smaller, anomaly in the same vicinity. While the viewing conditions for this region were close to specular, it was argued that the
102:
Reports of transient lunar phenomena range from foggy patches to permanent changes of the lunar landscape. Cameron classifies these as (1) gaseous, involving mists and other forms of obscuration, (2) reddish colorations, (3) green, blue or violet colorations, (4) brightenings, and (5) darkening. Two
1191:
by a network of amateur astronomers. Several events were reported, of which four of these were photographed both beforehand and afterward by the spacecraft. However, careful analysis of these images shows no discernible differences at these sites. This does not necessarily imply that these reports
138:
on Earth. No accounts of such a memorable storm have been found in any known historical records, including several astronomical archives from around the world. In light of this, it is suspected that the group of monks (the event's only known witnesses) saw the atmospheric explosion of a directly
1051:
Some TLPs may be caused by gas escaping from underground cavities. These gaseous events are purported to display a distinctive reddish hue, while others have appeared as white clouds or an indistinct haze. The majority of TLPs appear to be associated with floor-fractured craters, the edges of
801:
through a polaroid filter to cut down the glare. The eastern wall of the crater was not visible; when the filter was rotated the wall appeared, indicating that the area was reflecting polarized light. Although the same area has been examined since, this phenomenon has not been noticed
20:
172:
and other astronomers of his observations. Herschel attributed the phenomena to erupting volcanoes and perceived the luminosity of the brightest of the three as greater than the brightness of a comet that had been discovered on April 10. His observations were made while an
726:
states (1978, Event Serial No. 778): "This and their
November observations started the modern interest and observing the Moon." The credibility of their findings stemmed from Greenacre's exemplary reputation as an impeccable cartographer, rather than from any photographic
1175:
The most significant problem that faces reports of transient lunar phenomena is that the vast majority of these were made either by a single observer or at a single location on Earth (or both). The multitude of reports for transient phenomena occurring at the same
160:
On the evening of August 16, 1725, the
Italian astronomer Francesco Bianchini saw a reddish light streak across the floor of crater Plato, "like a bar stretching straight from one end to the other" along the major axis of the foreshortened elliptical shape of the
1091:, as might be encountered during meteor showers. Impact flashes from such events have been detected from multiple and simultaneous Earth-based observations. Tables of impacts recorded by video cameras exist for years since 2005 many of which are associated with
722:: "The first reaction in professional circles was, naturally, surprise, and hard on the heels of the surprise there followed an apologetic attitude, the apologies being directed at a long-dead great astronomer, Sir William Herschel." A notation by
326:
On July 3, 1882, several residents of
Lebanon, Connecticut, observed two pyramidal luminous protuberances on the Moon's upper limb. They were not large, but gave the Moon a look strikingly like that of a horned owl or the head of an English bull
991:
was filled with shadow, that two beams of light traversed two-thirds of the floor from the western wall resembling searchlights; they were parallel and well-defined, and had the appearance of passing through a slight vapour resting on the
682:. While exposing his second spectrogram, he noticed "a marked increase in the brightness of the central region and an unusual white colour." Then, "all of a sudden the brightness started to decrease" and the resulting spectrum was normal.
958:
of sunlight. The favored hypothesis was that this was the consequence of light scattering from clouds of airborne particles resulting from a release of gas. The fractured floor of this crater was cited as a possible source of the
66:
Claims of short-lived lunar phenomena go back at least 1,000 years, with some having been observed independently by multiple witnesses or reputable scientists. Nevertheless, the majority of transient lunar phenomenon reports are
1207:
conditions, it is possible to judge whether some reports were simply due to a misinterpretation of what the observer regarded as an abnormality. Furthermore, with digital images, it is possible to simulate atmospheric spectral
1192:
were a result of observational error, as it is possible that outgassing events on the lunar surface might not leave a visible marker, but neither is it encouraging for the hypothesis that these were authentic lunar phenomena.
816:
mission in July 1969, Houston radioed to Apollo 11: "We've got an observation you can make if you have some time up there. There's been some lunar transient events reported in the vicinity of
Aristarchus." Astronomers in
893:
On
January 29, 1983, several members of the British Astronomical Association (BAA) observed abnormal brightness and purplish coloration at the bowl shaped crater Torricelli B north-northeast of the pear shaped crater
103:
extensive catalogs of transient lunar phenomena exist, with the most recent tallying 2,254 events going back to the 6th century. Of the most reliable of these events, at least one-third come from the vicinity of the
4400:
130:
This description appears outlandish, perhaps due to the writer's and viewers' lack of understanding of astronomical phenomena. In 1976, Jack
Hartung proposed that this described the formation of the
1079:
the lunar surface was "recently" modified by a gas release event. The age of this feature is believed to be about 1 million years old, suggesting that such large phenomena occur only infrequently.
1056:, or in other locations linked by geologists with volcanic activity. However, these are some of the most common targets when viewing the Moon, and this correlation could be an observational bias.
1034:(in the eastern part of Palus Epidemiarum) for further detailed study. In Cichus, a small crater seemed to have grown larger as compared to the earlier representations by Schröter and Mädler.
3145:
Professor Hakan Kayal of the Space
Technology at Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU) in Bavaria, Germany – Moon telescope set up in Spain, to investigate Transient Lunar Phenomena
1107:. Impact events leave a visible scar on the surface, and these could be detected by analyzing before and after photos of sufficiently high resolution. No impact craters formed between the
206:
On
October 15, 1789, J.H.Schröter observed two bright bursts of light, each one of them composed of many single, separate small sparks, appearing on the night side of the Moon near crater
2772:
Cudnik, Brian M.; Palmer, David W.; Palmer, David M.; Cook, Anthony; Venable, Roger; Gural, Peter S. (2003). "The
Observation and Characterization of Lunar Meteoroid Impact Phenomena".
1146:. If this were to occur at the surface, the subsequent discharge from this gas might be able to give rise to phenomena visible from Earth. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the
1180:
on the Moon could be used as evidence supporting their existence. However, in the absence of eyewitness reports from multiple observers at multiple locations on Earth for the same
1516:
Bianchini, Observations concerning the planet Venus, translated by Sally
Beaumont, Springer, 1996, p. 23, from Bianchini, Hesperi et phosphori nova phaenomena, Rome, 1728, pp. 5–6
1120:
758:
On November 15, 1965, personnel of the Trident Engineering Associates, Inc., Annapolis, Md. observed via Moon-Blink device a color phenomenon which lasted at least four hours.
4347:
2534:
181:, Italy. Aurora activity that far south from the Arctic Circle was very rare. Padua's display and Herschel's observations had happened a few days before the number of
1150:
charging of particles within a gas-borne dust cloud could give rise to electrostatic discharges visible from Earth. Finally, electrostatic levitation of dust near the
710:, Flagstaff, Arizona, manually recorded very bright red, orange, and pink colour phenomena on the southwest side of Cobra Head; a hill southeast of the lunar valley
4305:
414:
In 1902, French astronomer Albert Charbonneaux, using the Meudon 33-inch refractor telescope at the Paris Observatory, noticed a small white cloud west of crater
1043:
Explanations for the transient lunar phenomena fall in four classes: outgassing, impact events, electrostatic phenomena, and unfavorable observation conditions.
1203:
to re-observe sites where transient lunar phenomena were reported in the past. By documenting the appearance of these features under the same illumination and
605:
and reported a rose-pink coloration which persisted for a time and then faded. See also J.H.Mädler between 1830 and 1840, Barcroft in 1940, and Hill in 1988.
256:
On November 24, 1865, Williams and two others observed for one hour and a half a distinct bright speck like an 8 magnitude star on the dark side near crater
2858:
2818:
407:, shows bowl-shaped craterlet Posidonius C as an elongated bright spot without shadow, although the photograph was made shortly before sunset at crater
794:
of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center noticed a great many star-like points on the Moon. They were seen by a group of observers who accompanied her.
4340:
1491:
751:
On July 16, 1964, AAVSO member Thomas A. Cragg (1927–2011) observed a 3 km diameter "temporary hill casting a shadow" southeast of crater Ross D in
1212:, astronomical seeing blur and light scattering by our atmosphere to determine if these phenomena could explain some of the original TLP reports.
1163:
The Earth's atmosphere can give rise to significant temporal distortions that could be confused with actual lunar phenomena (an effect known as
2180:
Cameron, W. S. (1978, July). Lunar transient phenomena catalog (NSSDC/WDC-A-R&S 78-03). Greenbelt, MD: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
1196:
275:, as well as personal observations and drawings made between 1841 and 1843, he stated that the crater "at the time of oblique illumination
1123:
Eight individual frames taken from a video of the lunar crater Clavius showing the effect of the Earth's atmosphere on astronomical images
4333:
3980:
3102:
2754:
706:
On October 29, 1963, two Aeronautical Chart and Information Center cartographers, James Clarke Greenacre and Edward M. Barr, at the
3914:
861:
In September 1973, the Dutch author of books on mysterious phenomena Hans van Kampen and a friend (Van Cleef) observed near crater
4536:
565:, which he watched for fifteen minutes before it faded from sight. Three years later he observed another red glow west of crater
4319:
2887:
797:
K.E.Chilton: "At times, light is polarized in areas on the moon. On the night of September 18, 1968, I was observing the crater
543:
On January 30, 1947, Harold Hill observed an abnormal absence of the main peak's shadow at the central mountain group of crater
4312:
3118:
2545:
1135:
effects related to the fracturing of near-surface materials could charge any gases that might be present, such as implanted
912:
On December 28, 1985, Harold Hill observed an extraordinary brilliance at the mid-section of the east inner wall of crater
3108:
1111:(global resolution 100 metre, selected areas 7–20 metre) and SMART-1 (resolution 50 metre) missions have been identified.
945:
using a one-meter (3.2-foot) telescope. While observations on the night of December 29, 1992, were normal, unusually high
886:
On January 1, 1983, Harold Hill noticed an unusual bright appearance of craterlet Furnerius A near the pronounced crater
506:
In 1940, American amateur astronomer David P. Barcroft (1897–1974) observed a pronounced reddish-brown color near crater
3182:
3089:
3068:
1167:). Other non-lunar explanations include the viewing of Earth-orbiting satellites and meteors or observational error.
1131:
charging or discharging might be able to account for some of the transient lunar phenomena. One possibility is that
4526:
4378:
4363:
1200:
3155:
3785:
3771:
919:
On April 1, 1988, Harold Hill noticed rosy-tinged areas fringing the northern edge of the lava sheet near crater
674:. During this time, the obtained spectra showed evidence for bright gaseous emission bands due to the molecules C
264:
31:, shows the approximate distribution of observed events. Red-hued events are in red; the remainder are in yellow.
2844:
655:
On January 16–17, 1956, Robert Miles of Woodland, Calif., noticed a flash of white or bright blue light east of
4541:
3937:
3930:
3907:
3217:
2866:
1087:
Impact events are continually occurring on the lunar surface. The most common events are those associated with
663:
608:
On November 15, 1953, Dr. Leon Stuart photographed a lunar flare at approximately 10 miles southeast of crater
554:
and noticed a minute but brilliant flash of light which he described as looking very much like the flash of an
283:
2822:
1533:, William Herschel’s report to the Royal Society on April 26, 1787, reprinted from his Collected Works (1912))
583:
in November 1949, and also in June and July 1950, Bartlett noticed a white spot at the central part of crater
4521:
3598:
3403:
969:
561:
On May 20, 1948, British amateur astronomer Richard M. Baum noted a reddish glow to the northeast of crater
272:
242:
196:
3966:
1070:
to the surface. In particular, results show that radon gas was emanating from the vicinity of the craters
4109:
3679:
3672:
3658:
3614:
731:
875:
On December 27, 1982, British Moon observer Harold Hill noticed the absence of the principal craterlet (
425:
observed a bright spot at the location of the bowl-shaped craterlet Posidonius C on the floor of crater
4531:
4441:
3426:
3320:
3306:
3254:
744:
transformed it into one of the most widely publicized TLP events. Kopal, like others, had argued that
540:. Some minor craters in it, which are normally well shadowed, stood out as white spots under a low sun.
422:
224:
On November 1–2, 1791, J.H.Schröter noticed the bowl-shaped crater Posidonius A on the floor of crater
139:
oncoming meteor in chance alignment, from their specific vantage point, with the far more distant Moon.
3621:
375:
3589:
745:
203:. It was seen on the night side of the Moon and appeared like a star of Magnitude 5 to the naked eye.
2702:
P. H., Schultz; Staid, M. I. & Pieters, C. M. (2006). "Lunar activity from recent gas release".
2031:
995:
Harold Hill: "A number of observers have claimed in the past that the inner slopes of the formation
558:
exploding in the air at a distance of about ten miles. In color it was on the orange side of yellow.
4003:
3863:
847:
738:
and Thomas Rackham made the first photographs of a "wide area lunar luminescence". His article in
631:
91:
905:
On October 29, 1983, Harold Hill observed abnormal brightness at the hillock just north of crater
231:
In 1794, a report circulated that it was possible to see a volcano on the Moon with the naked eye.
4326:
3957:
3831:
3571:
3261:
3238:
440:
367:
345:
294:
110:
An overview of the more famous historical accounts of transient phenomena include the following:
2986:
1187:
One attempt to overcome the above problems with transient phenomena reports was made during the
619:
On May 11, 1954, Peter Cattermole observed the disappearance of the central mountains of crater
3870:
3501:
3275:
3231:
3175:
3060:
1371:
469:. In the same year (1931) and at the same location, British businessman and amateur astronomer
356:
338:
24:
3007:
4407:
3923:
3893:
3605:
3536:
2646:
S. Lawson, Stefanie L.; W. Feldman; D. Lawrence; K. Moore; R. Elphic & R. Belian (2005).
1344:
1075:
1006:
806:
620:
555:
544:
131:
3052:
2785:
2648:"Recent outgassing from the lunar surface: the Lunar Prospector alpha particle spectrometer"
2327:
2106:
1426:"Was the Formation of a 20-km Diameter Impact Crater on the Moon Observed on June 18, 1178?"
1020:
4236:
4222:
4040:
3989:
3543:
3022:
2949:
2910:
2781:
2711:
2659:
2507:
2388:
2323:
2288:
2253:
2226:
2199:
2150:
2102:
2043:
1659:
1437:
1147:
950:
920:
752:
715:
686:
685:
On November 19, 1958, Raymond J. Stein of Newark observed a change in the shadow of crater
598:
566:
507:
466:
459:
309:
305:
297:
noticed some sort of phosphorescent glow on the shadowed southern part of the walled plain
246:
104:
72:
2758:
776:
In 1967, T.J.C.A.Moseley of the Armagh Observatory recorded a flash in the area of crater
692:
On December 23, 1958, Greek observers of the moon noticed a greenish coloration at crater
8:
4503:
4019:
3856:
3200:
2793:
1302:
1209:
1164:
1013:
955:
924:
913:
895:
784:
740:
642:
602:
526:
511:
482:
426:
415:
408:
386:
250:
225:
3026:
2953:
2914:
2715:
2663:
2511:
2292:
2257:
2244:
Kopal, Z.; Rackham, T. W. (1963). "Excitation of lunar luminescence by solar activity".
2230:
2203:
2154:
2047:
1663:
1441:
711:
4491:
4479:
4204:
4056:
3824:
3725:
3472:
3410:
3368:
2967:
2797:
2735:
1450:
1425:
1333:
1323:
1188:
1108:
1071:
999:
have a greenish, almost translucent cast or sheen when seen at the evening terminator."
942:
887:
707:
693:
667:
649:
584:
562:
537:
533:
500:
349:
313:
2300:
4386:
4146:
3845:
3810:
3803:
3297:
3168:
3085:
3064:
3053:
2922:
2727:
2265:
1375:
1143:
1100:
938:
899:
840:
770:
580:
and recorded a "puff of whitish vapour obscuring details for some miles in the area".
522:
331:
2801:
2093:
Greenacre, J. A. (December 1963). "A recent observation of lunar colour phenomena".
862:
268:
4455:
4282:
3946:
3748:
3564:
3557:
3517:
3359:
3313:
3288:
3129:
3115:
3030:
2971:
2957:
2918:
2789:
2739:
2719:
2667:
2515:
2296:
2261:
2051:
1445:
1407:
1151:
1060:
987:
N°2374) noted on two occasions near sunrise, when the interior of the walled plain
973:
880:
843:
while in orbit around the Moon (First Revolution, 21:11:09 GMT, December 10, 1972).
836:
791:
723:
577:
448:
257:
218:
165:
143:
3665:
1566:
K.E.Chilton, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol.63, page 203
1479:
718:. This event sparked a major change in attitude towards TLP reports. According to
253:. See also Barcroft in 1940, Haas at a later date, Baum in 1951, and Hill in 1988.
4289:
4026:
3879:
3642:
3122:
1307:
1088:
1031:
1024:
777:
666:
observed an apparent half-hour "eruption" that took place on the central peak of
609:
470:
360:
174:
68:
2888:"SMART-1 impact flash and dust cloud seen by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope"
2688:
927:. See also J.H.Mädler between 1830 and 1840, Barcroft in 1940, and Baum in 1951.
735:
616:, the coordinates of the impacted object are 3.88° Latitude / 357.71° Longitude.
4049:
3973:
3838:
3755:
3732:
2314:
Kopal, Z.; Rackham, T. W. (March 1964). "Lunar luminescence and solar flares".
1132:
1092:
1063:
1009:
which is of a slightly reddish hue, and is detectable with a moonblink device."
996:
988:
977:
906:
855:
798:
730:
On the night of November 1–2, 1963, a few days after Greenacre's event, at the
613:
551:
518:
488:
On June 17, 1931, N.J.Giddings and his wife observed unusual flashes of light (
320:
298:
207:
168:
noticed three red glowing spots on the dark part of the Moon. He informed King
87:
2119:
Zahner, D. D. (1963–64, December–January). Air force reports lunar changes.
1411:
51:) is a short-lived change in light, color or appearance on the surface of the
4515:
4427:
4393:
4275:
4169:
4102:
3711:
3651:
3488:
3465:
3433:
3419:
3396:
3077:
2498:
Audouin Dollfus, A (2000). "Langrenus: Transient Illuminations on the Moon".
1412:"Analyses of Lunar Transient Phenomena (LTP) Observations from 557–1994 A.D."
1128:
1002:
762:
627:
572:
On February 10, 1949, F.H.Thornton, using an 18-inch reflector, observed the
496:
287:
56:
28:
3005:
514:. See also J.H.Mädler between 1830 and 1840, Baum in 1951, and Hill in 1988.
16:
Short-lived light, color, or change in appearance on the surface of the Moon
4467:
4261:
4077:
3996:
3817:
3695:
3510:
3350:
3224:
3034:
2731:
2519:
1339:
1328:
1318:
1154:
could potentially give rise to some form of phenomenon visible from Earth.
1012:
American amateur astronomer David Barcroft (1897–1974) had seen the crater
671:
656:
638:
550:
On April 15, 1948, F.H.Thornton, using a 9-inch reflector, observed crater
211:
200:
147:
135:
3635:
3150:
2138:
4370:
4354:
4296:
4268:
4254:
4229:
4120:
4070:
3741:
3479:
3458:
3245:
2901:
Richard Zito, R (1989). "A new mechanism for lunar transient phenomena".
2672:
2647:
1465:
455:
2723:
1370:
1095:. Furthermore, impact clouds were detected following the crash of ESA's
597:
In 1951, Richard Myer Baum (1930–2017) observed the regions near crater
4183:
3762:
3688:
3628:
3582:
3524:
3343:
3130:"Columbia Astronomer Offers New Theory Into 400-year-old Lunar Mystery"
1312:
1140:
1136:
1053:
805:
On October 31, 1968, K.E.Chilton observed a red-colored glow in crater
433:
169:
120:
83:
76:
2645:
2171:(p. 71). New York: The New American Library of World Literature, Inc.
4190:
4176:
4162:
4139:
4088:
3718:
3442:
3382:
3336:
3268:
3055:
Epic Moon: A History of Lunar Exploration in the Age of the Telescope
2991:
2962:
2937:
2634:
Epic Moon, a history of lunar exploration in the age of the telescope
2621:
Epic Moon, a history of lunar exploration in the age of the telescope
1954:
Epic Moon, a history of lunar exploration in the age of the telescope
1290:
Epic Moon, A History of Lunar Exploration in the Age of the Telescope
1204:
851:
832:
813:
787:
seemed hazy and obscured; the rest of the crater was clearly visible.
719:
330:
On February 19, 1885, Gray saw a small crater near the larger crater
82:
Most lunar scientists will acknowledge that transient events such as
4197:
4155:
4132:
4010:
3375:
3006:
B. Buratti, B; W. McConnochie; S. Calkins & J. Hillier (2000).
2055:
1638:
Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes, Volume 1: The Solar System
783:
In 1968, J.C.McConnell reported that the north-east wall of crater
3008:"Lunar transient phenomena: What do the Clementine images reveal?"
385:, shows bowl-shaped craterlet Posidonius C on the floor of crater
3389:
1374:; Burley, Jaylee M.; Moore, Patrick; Welther, Barbara L. (1967).
1096:
883:. A similar phenomenon was noticed by P.Wade on December 8, 1981.
865:
a bright point of light which was visible for almost two minutes.
769:-shaped reddish colored appearance on the eastern part of crater
316:, and noticed a strong violet glare with some sort of nebulosity.
182:
2865:. Marshall Space Flight Center. 5 September 2008. Archived from
1596:, Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 78:381, 1968
1104:
946:
818:
536:
looked misty to the Welsh-born engineer and amateur astronomer
465:
On February 22, 1931, Joulia observed a reddish glow in crater
164:
During the night of April 19, 1787, the British astronomer Sir
2863:
rates and sizes of large meteoroids striking the lunar surface
1119:
612:. The duration of the flare was 8 to 10 seconds. According to
271:
had changed its appearance. Based on drawings made earlier by
142:
On November 26, 1540, a transient phenomenon appeared between
4063:
3886:
3704:
3327:
3050:
1230:
The Moon and the Planets, A Catalog of Astronomical Anomalies
1067:
809:. The glow lasted 5 or 6 minutes and then faded to obscurity.
670:
using a 48-inch (122-cm) reflector telescope equipped with a
348:
noticed a temporary white spot in the central part of crater
178:
19:
1027:"as a white patch when it should have been sharply defined".
454:
On June 15, 1913, the British civil engineer and astronomer
4095:
3451:
3191:
1336:, a 1960s NASA investigation into transient lunar phenomena
1283:
To a Rocky Moon, a Geologist's History of Lunar Exploration
623:, although the surrounding detail remained clearly visible.
337:
On February 21, 1885, Knopp observed red patches in crater
221:
saw one or more star-like appearances on the eclipsed Moon.
52:
4462:
2136:
1525:
Herschel, W. (1956, May). Herschel’s ‘Lunar volcanos.’
765:, P.Ringsdore, T.J.C.A.Moseley, and P.G.Corvan observed a
436:
noticed a small red glowing area on the Moon's night side.
432:
On May 19, 1912, Austrian astronomer and rocketry pioneer
199:
noticed a speck of light close to the eastern foot of the
1223:
Mysterious Universe, A Handbook of Astronomical Anomalies
972:
once saw for a short time on the dark side, near craters
954:
amplitude of the observations were not consistent with a
2471:
Marie C. Cook, "The strange behaviour of Torricelli B",
2389:"Apollo 11 Flight Journal – Day 4 part 3: TV from Orbit"
1005:: "There is a darkish streak across the floor of crater
839:
observed a bright flash-like phenomenon north of crater
323:
at sunrise "glowing with a curious milky kind of light".
94:. The controversy lies in the frequency of such events.
3160:
2984:
2036:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
1650:
J. F. Julius Schmidt (1867). "The Lunar Crater Linne".
1507:, Reviews of Geophysics, May 1967, Vol.5, N°2, page 173
1315:(see: Moon dust fountains and electrostatic levitation)
1059:
In support of the outgassing hypothesis, data from the
1016:"filled with vapor and very indistinct near full moon".
123:
reported an upheaval on the Moon shortly after sunset:
2771:
2279:
Kopal, Z. (May 1965). "The luminescence of the moon".
1900:
N.J.Giddings, "Lightning-like phenomena on the Moon",
1157:
245:
observed a strong reddish tint closely east of crater
4439:
1127:
It has been suggested that effects related to either
637:
On June 25, 1955, mountaineer and amateur astronomer
499:
noticed that the internal detail of the walled plain
403:
A photograph made on September 30, 1901, through the
344:
In 1887, French amateur astronomer and selenographer
263:
In 1866, the experienced lunar observer and mapmaker
1649:
1195:
Observations are currently being coordinated by the
75:
that could be used to distinguish among alternative
59:
in his co-authorship of NASA Technical Report R-277
2985:Trudy Bell & Tony Phillips (December 7, 2005).
2376:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
2192:
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
858:(14th Revolution, 22:28:27 GMT, December 11, 1972).
790:On April 13, 1968, during the eclipse of the Moon,
652:
which had a 'pseudo central peak' casting a shadow.
630:detected curious ray-like features crossing crater
150:. This event is depicted on a contemporary woodcut.
1917:, blz 67, Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde (VVS), 1969
532:On August 31, 1944, the floor of the walled plain
381:A photograph made on August 26, 1898, through the
2701:
2686:
319:On March 27, 1882, A.S.Williams saw the floor of
4513:
2535:"Langrenus: Transient Illuminations on the Moon"
2137:O'Connell, Robert; Cook, Anthony (August 2013).
1376:"Chronological Catalog of Reported Lunar Events"
521:noticed a moving dot of white light near crater
2497:
2473:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
2343:– Final Report, Washington – NASA, October 1966
2219:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
2217:Moore, P. (2001). "Thomas Rackham, 1919–2001".
2143:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
1423:
1406:
1066:spectrometer indicate the recent outgassing of
293:On August 31, 1877, English amateur astronomer
3111:Association of Lunar & Planetary Observers
2029:
1969:P.72, Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde (VVS), 1969
1772:P.72, Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde (VVS), 1969
1492:"The Mysterious Case of Crater Giordano Bruno"
648:On July 15, 1955, V.A.Firsoff observed crater
517:On July 10, 1941, American amateur astronomer
389:as a bright spot without shadow, although the
61:Chronological Catalog of Reported Lunar Events
3176:
3051:William Sheehan & Thomas Dobbins (2001).
2752:
835:mission in December 1972, Lunar Module Pilot
241:Between 1830 and 1840, the German astronomer
195:On September 26, 1789, the German astronomer
192:was seen by a Maltese observer named d'Angos.
2935:
2900:
2313:
2243:
1545:Astronomical Society of the Pacific Leaflets
1288:William P. Sheehan & Thomas A. Dobbins:
1197:Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers
941:reported anomalous features on the floor of
761:On April 30 and May 1, 1966, Peter Sartory,
662:On November 2, 1958, the Russian astronomer
1543:Kopal, Z. (December 1966). "Lunar flares".
23:This map, based on a survey of 300 TLPs by
3183:
3169:
2987:"New Research into Mysterious Moon Storms"
1264:(Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde, VVS, 1969).
1114:
458:observed a 'small reddish spot' in crater
119:On June 18, 1178, five or more monks from
2961:
2691:. Planetary Science Research Discoveries.
2671:
2092:
1640:, page 125 (lunar crater N°128: Carlini).
1449:
1170:
495:On August 2, 1939, British moon observer
447:of some sort of white material at crater
370:gives drawings of a probable eruption of
2139:"Revisiting The 1963 Aristarchus Events"
1531:An Account of Three Volcanos in the Moon
1285:(The University of Arizona Press, 1993).
1250:(Sidgwick & Jackson – London, 1969).
1118:
748:could be the cause of such a phenomenon.
714:; and the southwest interior rim of the
97:
18:
3127:
2632:William P. Sheehan, Thomas A. Dobbins:
2619:William P. Sheehan, Thomas A. Dobbins:
2588:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
2571:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
2532:
2189:
2032:"The Kozyrev Observations of Alphonsus"
1952:William P. Sheehan, Thomas A. Dobbins:
1885:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
1809:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
1577:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
1237:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
355:One night in 1892, American astronomer
304:On August 6–7, 1881, German astronomer
4514:
2813:
2811:
2431:40 jaar UFO's: de feiten – de meningen
2412:
2410:
1675:
1673:
1594:Schröter and Lunar Transient Phenomena
282:On January 4, 1873, French astronomer
3164:
2615:
2613:
2454:
2452:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2278:
2237:
2216:
2190:Meaburn, J. (June 1994). "Z. Kopal".
1823:
1821:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1778:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1745:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1542:
846:While in orbit, Command Module Pilot
503:was obliterated by an extensive mist.
443:observed the last one of a series of
2821:. NASA. 6 March 2017. Archived from
2418:Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report
1735:"A Curious Appearance of the Moon",
1402:
1400:
1366:
1364:
334:glow dull red "with vivid contrast".
2808:
2753:Tony Phillips (November 30, 2001).
2533:Dollfus, Audouin (March 11, 1999).
2407:
1670:
1278:(Cambridge University Press, 1991).
1158:Unfavourable observation conditions
13:
2794:10.1023/B:MOON.0000034498.32831.3c
2610:
2449:
2359:
1972:
1818:
1775:
1742:
1612:
1555:
1480:"Historic lunar impact questioned"
1451:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1976.tb00319.x
854:noticed a light flash eastward of
14:
4553:
4401:Lilith (hypothetical second moon)
3096:
2689:"Recent Gas Escape from the Moon"
2301:10.1038/scientificamerican0565-28
2030:Dinsmore Alter, Dinsmore (1959).
2020:Strolling Astronomer, 10:20, 1956
1397:
1361:
1271:(W.W.Norton & Company, 1976).
4497:
4485:
4473:
4461:
4449:
4423:
4422:
4364:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3287:
3128:Poratta, David (June 27, 2007).
2356:, Sky and Telescope, 33:27, 1967
2018:Another Flashing Lunar Mountain?
1201:British Astronomical Association
1082:
963:
937:In 1992, Audouin Dollfus of the
641:observed a faint mist in crater
492:) on the night side of the Moon.
393:(day-night boundary) was nearby.
177:(northern lights) rippled above
3786:Selenographic coordinate system
3116:Lunar Impact Monitoring Program
2999:
2978:
2936:David Hughes, David W. (1980).
2929:
2894:
2880:
2851:
2837:
2765:
2746:
2695:
2680:
2639:
2626:
2597:
2580:
2563:
2526:
2491:
2478:
2465:
2436:
2433:(De Kern, Baarn, 1987), blz 139
2423:
2381:
2346:
2334:
2307:
2272:
2210:
2183:
2174:
2161:
2130:
2113:
2086:
2074:
2062:
2023:
2011:
1998:
1985:
1959:
1946:
1933:
1920:
1907:
1894:
1873:
1860:
1847:
1834:
1801:
1762:
1729:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1643:
1630:
1599:
1586:
1569:
1536:
1494:. NASA. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
1232:(The Sourcebook Project, 1985).
1225:(The Sourcebook Project, 1979).
1038:
366:1891–1897, American astronomer
308:observed the region of craters
4537:Unsolved problems in astronomy
4313:Artificial objects on the Moon
2845:"Bright Explosion on the Moon"
1519:
1510:
1497:
1485:
1482:. BBC. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
1472:
1458:
1417:
1030:T. W. Webb recommended crater
1:
3404:Total penumbral lunar eclipse
2605:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
2486:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
2460:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
2444:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
1980:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
1928:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
1855:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1829:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1720:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1707:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1694:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1625:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
1607:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1478:Kettlewell, Jo (1 May 2001).
1350:
1276:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
1255:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1215:
1046:
879:) on the floor of the crater
481:) observed a bluish 'glare'.
290:which was "filled with mist".
4379:Moon is made of green cheese
3673:Permanently shadowed craters
2923:10.1016/0019-1035(89)90048-1
2542:Observatoire de Paris Report
2266:10.1016/0019-1035(63)90075-7
1866:"Change in a Lunar Crater",
1529:, pp. 302–304. (Reprint of
931:
869:
825:
700:
591:
397:
235:
154:
71:and do not possess adequate
7:
2938:"Transient lunar phenomena"
2859:"2005-06 Impact Candidates"
2121:Review of Popular Astronomy
1868:American Journal of Science
1505:An Analysis of Lunar Events
1466:"The Giordano Bruno Crater"
1296:
1243:(Dover Publications, 1962).
732:Observatoire du Pic-du-Midi
525:in the southern section of
421:In 1905, German astronomer
113:
79:to explain their origins.
10:
4558:
4306:Craters named after people
3779:Transient lunar phenomenon
3427:Solar eclipses on the Moon
3084:, Cassel & Co., 2001,
3059:. Willmann-Bell. pp.
2687:G. Jeffrey Taylor (2006).
980:, a minute point of light.
970:Johann Hieronymus Schröter
890:at the evening terminator.
423:Friedrich Simon Archenhold
363:filled with luminous haze.
243:Johann Heinrich von Mädler
197:Johann Hieronymus Schröter
55:. The term was created by
45:lunar transient phenomenon
37:transient lunar phenomenon
4417:
4246:
4214:
4119:
4036:
3956:
3795:
3498:
3296:
3285:
3207:
3198:
3109:Lunar transient phenomena
3103:Lunar Transient Phenomena
2819:"Lunar impact monitoring"
2071:, February 1959, page 211
746:Solar Energetic Particles
359:found the bowl of crater
284:Étienne Léopold Trouvelot
3190:
2774:Earth, Moon, and Planets
2755:"Explosions on the Moon"
2354:Color Events on the Moon
2006:The Old Moon and the New
1881:The Old Moon and the New
1796:The Old Moon and the New
1757:The Old Moon and the New
1724:The Old Moon and the New
1722:, blz 356. V.A.Firsoff,
1503:Barbara M. Middlehurst,
1424:Jack B. Hartung (1976).
1248:The Old Moon and the New
734:in the French Pyrenees,
724:Winifred Sawtell Cameron
490:lightning-like phenomena
228:without internal shadow.
4527:Observational astronomy
4327:Moon in science fiction
3832:Giant-impact hypothesis
3680:South Pole–Aitken basin
2786:2003EM&P...93...97C
2328:1964S&T....27..140K
2107:1963S&T....26..316G
1246:Valdemar Axel Firsoff:
1115:Electrostatic phenomena
441:William Henry Pickering
368:William Henry Pickering
346:Casimir Marie Gaudibert
295:Arthur Stanley Williams
185:had peaked in May 1787.
4348:futuristic exploration
3871:Late Heavy Bombardment
3035:10.1006/icar.2000.6373
2520:10.1006/icar.2000.6395
1883:, page 185. T.W.Webb,
1372:Barbara M. Middlehurst
1292:(Willmann Bell, 2001).
1171:Debated status of TLPs
1124:
357:Edward Emerson Barnard
129:
32:
25:Barbara M. Middlehurst
4542:Unexplained phenomena
4408:Splitting of the Moon
4320:Memorials on the Moon
3924:Lunar sample displays
3606:Peak of eternal light
3132:. Columbia University
2847:. NASA. May 17, 2013.
2761:on February 23, 2010.
2393:Apollo Flight Journal
2083:, June 1961, page 337
1993:New Guide to the Moon
1941:New Guide to the Moon
1842:New Guide to the Moon
1681:New Guide to the Moon
1652:Astronomical Register
1345:Splitting of the Moon
1269:New Guide to the Moon
1257:(Het Spectrum, 1949).
1235:Thomas William Webb:
1122:
939:Observatoire de Paris
639:Valdemar Axel Firsoff
277:cannot at all be seen
132:Giordano Bruno crater
124:
98:Description of events
63:, published in 1968.
22:
4522:Astronomical imaging
2673:10.1029/2005JE002433
1228:William R. Corliss:
1221:William R. Corliss:
1099:spacecraft, India's
753:Mare Tranquillitatis
485: ? (1867–1908).
306:Hermann Joseph Klein
265:J. F. Julius Schmidt
188:In December 1787, a
3908:Lunar laser ranging
3151:Flashes on the Moon
3027:2000Icar..146...98B
2954:1980Natur.285..438H
2915:1989Icar...82..419Z
2825:on 4 September 2019
2724:10.1038/nature05303
2716:2006Natur.444..184S
2664:2005JGRE..110.9009L
2512:2000Icar..146..430D
2316:Sky & Telescope
2293:1965SciAm.212e..28K
2281:Scientific American
2258:1963Icar....2..481K
2231:2001JBAA..111..291M
2204:1994QJRAS..35..229M
2155:2013JBAA..123..197O
2095:Sky & Telescope
2048:1959PASP...71...46A
1737:Scientific American
1664:1867AReg....5..109S
1442:1976Metic..11..187H
1408:Winifred S. Cameron
1303:Geology of the Moon
1165:astronomical seeing
1019:Spanish astronomer
956:specular reflection
925:Oceanus Procellarum
741:Scientific American
603:Oceanus Procellarum
527:Oceanus Procellarum
512:Oceanus Procellarum
483:Percy B. Molesworth
251:Oceanus Procellarum
105:Aristarchus plateau
73:control experiments
4057:Lunisolar calendar
3726:Lunar basalt 70017
3473:Tidal acceleration
3328:Perigee and apogee
3218:Internal structure
3121:2013-05-17 at the
3105:NASA feature story
3045:General references
2378:, Vol.63, page 203
2341:Project Moon-Blink
2169:Ranger to the moon
1334:Project Moon-Blink
1324:Observing the Moon
1189:Clementine mission
1125:
1021:Josep Comas i Solà
716:Aristarchus crater
708:Lowell Observatory
664:Nikolai A. Kozyrev
538:Hugh Percy Wilkins
33:
4532:Lunar observation
4437:
4436:
4387:Natural satellite
3846:Lunar magma ocean
3622:Volcanic features
2710:(7116): 184–186.
2551:on March 22, 2022
2429:Hans van Kampen,
2167:Ley, W. (1965).
2081:Sky and Telescope
2069:Sky and Telescope
1527:Sky and Telescope
1281:Don E. Wilhelms:
1144:daughter products
1101:Moon Impact Probe
900:Sinus Asperitatis
439:In January 1913,
267:claimed that the
4549:
4502:
4501:
4500:
4490:
4489:
4488:
4478:
4477:
4476:
4466:
4465:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4445:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4389:
4382:
4373:
4366:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4308:
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4257:
4239:
4232:
4230:Meridian passage
4225:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4172:
4165:
4158:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4091:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4052:
4029:
4022:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3992:
3983:
3976:
3969:
3949:
3947:Lunar seismology
3940:
3933:
3926:
3917:
3910:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3882:
3880:Lunar meteorites
3873:
3866:
3859:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3806:
3788:
3781:
3774:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3749:Space weathering
3744:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3707:
3698:
3691:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3654:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3617:
3608:
3601:
3592:
3585:
3574:
3567:
3560:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3527:
3520:
3513:
3491:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3454:
3445:
3436:
3429:
3422:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3371:
3362:
3353:
3346:
3339:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3314:Orbital elements
3309:
3291:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3257:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3162:
3161:
3140:
3138:
3137:
3074:
3058:
3039:
3038:
3012:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2965:
2963:10.1038/285438a0
2933:
2927:
2926:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2855:
2849:
2848:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2830:
2815:
2806:
2805:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2757:. Archived from
2750:
2744:
2743:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2643:
2637:
2630:
2624:
2617:
2608:
2601:
2595:
2592:The Solar System
2584:
2578:
2575:The Solar System
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2544:. Archived from
2539:
2530:
2524:
2523:
2495:
2489:
2482:
2476:
2469:
2463:
2456:
2447:
2440:
2434:
2427:
2421:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2385:
2379:
2372:
2357:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2311:
2305:
2304:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2241:
2235:
2234:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2187:
2181:
2178:
2172:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2134:
2128:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2090:
2084:
2078:
2072:
2066:
2060:
2059:
2027:
2021:
2015:
2009:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1983:
1976:
1970:
1967:Maanmonografieën
1965:Harry De Meyer,
1963:
1957:
1950:
1944:
1937:
1931:
1924:
1918:
1915:Maanmonografieën
1913:Harry de Meyer,
1911:
1905:
1898:
1892:
1889:The Solar System
1877:
1871:
1864:
1858:
1851:
1845:
1838:
1832:
1825:
1816:
1813:The Solar System
1805:
1799:
1792:
1773:
1770:Maanmonografieën
1768:Harry De Meyer,
1766:
1760:
1753:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1716:
1710:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1684:
1677:
1668:
1667:
1647:
1641:
1634:
1628:
1621:
1610:
1603:
1597:
1590:
1584:
1581:The Solar System
1573:
1567:
1564:
1553:
1552:
1540:
1534:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1508:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1483:
1476:
1470:
1469:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1453:
1421:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1380:
1368:
1356:Cited references
1262:Maanmonografieën
1260:Harry de Meyer:
1241:The Solar System
1061:Lunar Prospector
1023:once saw crater
985:English Mechanic
943:Langrenus crater
837:Harrison Schmitt
792:Winifred Cameron
712:Vallis Schröteri
668:Alphonsus crater
578:Vallis Schroteri
405:équatorial coudé
383:équatorial coudé
286:observed crater
260:in Mare Imbrium.
219:William Herschel
166:William Herschel
144:Mare Serenitatis
88:impact cratering
4557:
4556:
4552:
4551:
4550:
4548:
4547:
4546:
4512:
4511:
4508:
4498:
4496:
4486:
4484:
4474:
4472:
4460:
4450:
4448:
4440:
4438:
4433:
4421:
4413:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4353:
4346:
4339:
4332:
4325:
4318:
4311:
4304:
4295:
4290:Man in the Moon
4288:
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4215:Daily phenomena
4210:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4175:
4168:
4163:Super and micro
4161:
4154:
4145:
4138:
4131:
4124:
4115:
4108:
4101:
4094:
4087:
4076:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4048:
4038:
4032:
4027:Lunar resources
4025:
4018:
4009:
4002:
3995:
3988:
3979:
3972:
3965:
3952:
3945:
3936:
3929:
3922:
3913:
3906:
3901:
3892:
3885:
3878:
3869:
3862:
3855:
3844:
3837:
3830:
3823:
3816:
3809:
3802:
3791:
3784:
3777:
3770:
3761:
3754:
3747:
3740:
3731:
3724:
3717:
3710:
3703:
3694:
3687:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3641:
3634:
3627:
3620:
3613:
3604:
3597:
3588:
3581:
3570:
3563:
3556:
3551:
3542:
3535:
3530:
3523:
3516:
3509:
3500:
3494:
3487:
3478:
3471:
3464:
3457:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3425:
3418:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3388:
3381:
3374:
3367:
3358:
3349:
3342:
3335:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3292:
3283:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3216:
3209:
3203:
3194:
3189:
3135:
3133:
3123:Wayback Machine
3099:
3071:
3042:
3010:
3004:
3000:
2983:
2979:
2934:
2930:
2899:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2872:
2870:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2809:
2770:
2766:
2751:
2747:
2700:
2696:
2685:
2681:
2652:J. Geophys. Res
2644:
2640:
2631:
2627:
2618:
2611:
2602:
2598:
2585:
2581:
2568:
2564:
2554:
2552:
2548:
2537:
2531:
2527:
2496:
2492:
2483:
2479:
2470:
2466:
2457:
2450:
2446:, pages 160–161
2441:
2437:
2428:
2424:
2415:
2408:
2398:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2360:
2352:Patrick Moore,
2351:
2347:
2339:
2335:
2312:
2308:
2277:
2273:
2242:
2238:
2215:
2211:
2188:
2184:
2179:
2175:
2166:
2162:
2135:
2131:
2118:
2114:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2067:
2063:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2012:
2003:
1999:
1991:Patrick Moore,
1990:
1986:
1977:
1973:
1964:
1960:
1951:
1947:
1939:Patrick Moore,
1938:
1934:
1925:
1921:
1912:
1908:
1904:, 104:146, 1946
1899:
1895:
1878:
1874:
1870:, 4:38:95, 1914
1865:
1861:
1853:A.J.M.Wanders,
1852:
1848:
1840:Patrick Moore,
1839:
1835:
1827:A.J.M.Wanders,
1826:
1819:
1806:
1802:
1793:
1776:
1767:
1763:
1754:
1743:
1734:
1730:
1718:A.J.M.Wanders,
1717:
1713:
1705:A.J.M.Wanders,
1704:
1700:
1692:A.J.M.Wanders,
1691:
1687:
1679:Patrick Moore:
1678:
1671:
1648:
1644:
1635:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1605:A.J.M.Wanders,
1604:
1600:
1591:
1587:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1556:
1541:
1537:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1511:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1473:
1464:
1463:
1459:
1422:
1418:
1405:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1378:
1369:
1362:
1353:
1308:Lunar lava tube
1299:
1267:Patrick Moore:
1253:A.J.M.Wanders:
1218:
1173:
1160:
1117:
1089:micrometeorites
1085:
1049:
1041:
966:
934:
872:
828:
703:
681:
677:
594:
471:Walter Goodacre
400:
238:
175:aurora borealis
157:
116:
100:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4555:
4545:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4507:
4506:
4494:
4482:
4470:
4458:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4418:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4374:
4367:
4360:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4344:
4337:
4323:
4316:
4309:
4302:
4301:
4300:
4293:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4250:
4248:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4233:
4226:
4218:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4187:
4180:
4173:
4166:
4159:
4152:
4151:
4150:
4136:
4128:
4126:
4117:
4116:
4114:
4113:
4110:Lunar distance
4106:
4099:
4092:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4081:
4060:
4053:
4050:Lunar calendar
4045:
4043:
4034:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4023:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4000:
3993:
3986:
3985:
3984:
3977:
3974:Apollo program
3962:
3960:
3954:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3911:
3899:
3898:
3897:
3890:
3883:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3821:
3814:
3807:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3789:
3782:
3775:
3768:
3767:
3766:
3759:
3756:Micrometeorite
3745:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3733:Changesite-(Y)
3729:
3715:
3712:Wrinkle ridges
3708:
3701:
3700:
3699:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3648:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3632:
3618:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3595:
3594:
3593:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3575:
3561:
3549:
3548:
3547:
3540:
3528:
3521:
3514:
3506:
3504:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3485:
3484:
3483:
3476:
3469:
3462:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3439:
3438:
3437:
3430:
3423:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3407:
3386:
3379:
3365:
3364:
3363:
3356:
3355:
3354:
3340:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3310:
3307:Lunar distance
3302:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3281:
3280:
3279:
3265:
3258:
3255:Magnetic field
3251:
3250:
3249:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3213:
3211:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3142:
3141:
3125:
3112:
3106:
3098:
3097:External links
3095:
3094:
3093:
3075:
3069:
3041:
3040:
2998:
2977:
2928:
2909:(2): 419–422.
2893:
2879:
2850:
2836:
2807:
2764:
2745:
2694:
2679:
2658:(E9): E09009.
2638:
2625:
2609:
2596:
2579:
2562:
2525:
2506:(2): 430–443.
2490:
2477:
2475:, 110, 3, 2000
2464:
2448:
2435:
2422:
2406:
2380:
2358:
2345:
2333:
2322:(3): 140–141.
2306:
2271:
2236:
2209:
2198:(2): 229–230.
2182:
2173:
2160:
2149:(4): 197–208.
2129:
2127:(525), 29, 36.
2112:
2101:(6): 316–317.
2085:
2073:
2061:
2056:10.1086/127330
2042:(418): 46–47.
2022:
2010:
1997:
1984:
1971:
1958:
1945:
1932:
1919:
1906:
1893:
1872:
1859:
1846:
1833:
1817:
1800:
1774:
1761:
1741:
1728:
1711:
1698:
1685:
1669:
1642:
1629:
1611:
1598:
1585:
1568:
1554:
1535:
1518:
1509:
1496:
1484:
1471:
1457:
1436:(3): 187–194.
1416:
1396:
1359:
1352:
1349:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1310:
1305:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1233:
1226:
1217:
1214:
1172:
1169:
1159:
1156:
1133:electrodynamic
1116:
1113:
1093:meteor showers
1084:
1081:
1064:alpha particle
1048:
1045:
1040:
1037:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1017:
1010:
1000:
993:
981:
965:
962:
961:
960:
933:
930:
929:
928:
917:
910:
903:
891:
884:
871:
868:
867:
866:
859:
856:Mare Orientale
844:
827:
824:
823:
822:
810:
803:
795:
788:
781:
774:
759:
756:
749:
728:
702:
699:
698:
697:
690:
683:
679:
675:
660:
653:
646:
635:
624:
617:
614:Bonnie Buratti
606:
593:
590:
589:
588:
581:
570:
559:
548:
541:
530:
519:Walter H. Haas
515:
504:
493:
486:
463:
452:
437:
430:
419:
412:
399:
396:
395:
394:
379:
364:
353:
342:
335:
328:
324:
317:
302:
291:
280:
273:J. H. Schröter
261:
254:
237:
234:
233:
232:
229:
222:
215:
204:
193:
190:luminous point
186:
162:
156:
153:
152:
151:
140:
115:
112:
99:
96:
90:do occur over
69:irreproducible
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4554:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4510:
4505:
4495:
4493:
4483:
4481:
4471:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4457:
4447:
4446:
4443:
4429:
4420:
4419:
4416:
4409:
4405:
4402:
4398:
4395:
4394:Double planet
4391:
4388:
4384:
4380:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4365:
4361:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4345:
4342:
4338:
4335:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4303:
4298:
4294:
4291:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4277:
4276:Moon illusion
4273:
4270:
4266:
4263:
4259:
4256:
4255:Lunar deities
4252:
4251:
4249:
4245:
4238:
4234:
4231:
4227:
4224:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4206:
4202:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4188:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4160:
4157:
4153:
4148:
4144:
4143:
4141:
4137:
4134:
4130:
4129:
4127:
4122:
4118:
4111:
4107:
4104:
4103:Lunar station
4100:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4086:
4079:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4037:Time-telling
4035:
4028:
4024:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4008:
4007:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3987:
3982:
3978:
3975:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3948:
3944:
3939:
3935:
3932:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3904:
3900:
3895:
3891:
3888:
3884:
3881:
3877:
3872:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3843:
3840:
3836:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3794:
3787:
3783:
3780:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3764:
3760:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3743:
3739:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3692:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3674:
3670:
3667:
3663:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3649:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3603:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3591:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3573:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3562:
3559:
3555:
3554:
3550:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3526:
3522:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3497:
3490:
3489:Lunar station
3486:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3470:
3467:
3466:Tidal locking
3463:
3460:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3449:
3444:
3440:
3435:
3434:Eclipse cycle
3431:
3428:
3424:
3421:
3420:Solar eclipse
3417:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3400:
3398:
3397:Lunar eclipse
3394:
3393:
3391:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3377:
3373:
3372:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3325:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3299:
3295:
3290:
3277:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3247:
3243:
3242:
3240:
3239:Gravity field
3236:
3233:
3229:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3186:
3181:
3179:
3174:
3172:
3167:
3166:
3163:
3157:
3156:TLP Detection
3154:
3152:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3131:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3113:
3110:
3107:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3091:
3090:0-304-35469-4
3087:
3083:
3079:
3078:Patrick Moore
3076:
3072:
3070:0-943396-70-0
3066:
3062:
3057:
3056:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3036:
3032:
3028:
3024:
3021:(1): 98–117.
3020:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2981:
2973:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2948:(5765): 438.
2947:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2924:
2920:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2889:
2883:
2869:on 2016-06-25
2868:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2846:
2840:
2824:
2820:
2814:
2812:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2780:(2): 97–106.
2779:
2775:
2768:
2760:
2756:
2749:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2683:
2674:
2669:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2642:
2635:
2629:
2622:
2616:
2614:
2606:
2603:Harold Hill,
2600:
2593:
2589:
2583:
2576:
2572:
2566:
2547:
2543:
2536:
2529:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2487:
2484:Harold Hill,
2481:
2474:
2468:
2461:
2458:Harold Hill,
2455:
2453:
2445:
2442:Harold Hill,
2439:
2432:
2426:
2419:
2416:NASA SP-330,
2413:
2411:
2394:
2390:
2384:
2377:
2374:K.E.Chilton,
2371:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2355:
2349:
2342:
2337:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2310:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2275:
2267:
2263:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2186:
2177:
2170:
2164:
2156:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2133:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2082:
2077:
2070:
2065:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2014:
2007:
2004:V.A.Firsoff,
2001:
1994:
1988:
1981:
1978:Harold Hill,
1975:
1968:
1962:
1955:
1949:
1942:
1936:
1929:
1926:Harold Hill,
1923:
1916:
1910:
1903:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1879:V.A.Firsoff,
1876:
1869:
1863:
1856:
1850:
1843:
1837:
1830:
1824:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1797:
1794:V.A.Firsoff,
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1771:
1765:
1758:
1755:V.A.Firsoff,
1752:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1739:, 46:49, 1882
1738:
1732:
1725:
1721:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1695:
1689:
1682:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1646:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1623:Harold Hill,
1620:
1618:
1616:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1578:
1572:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1532:
1528:
1522:
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1506:
1500:
1493:
1488:
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1452:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1401:
1384:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1365:
1360:
1358:
1357:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1300:
1291:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1274:Harold Hill:
1273:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1193:
1190:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1168:
1166:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:triboelectric
1145:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1129:electrostatic
1121:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1083:Impact events
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1057:
1055:
1044:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1004:
1003:Patrick Moore
1001:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
979:
975:
971:
968:
967:
964:No date given
957:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
935:
926:
922:
918:
915:
911:
908:
904:
901:
897:
892:
889:
885:
882:
878:
874:
873:
864:
860:
857:
853:
849:
845:
842:
838:
834:
830:
829:
820:
815:
811:
808:
804:
800:
796:
793:
789:
786:
782:
779:
775:
772:
768:
764:
763:Patrick Moore
760:
757:
754:
750:
747:
743:
742:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
704:
695:
691:
688:
684:
673:
669:
665:
661:
658:
654:
651:
647:
644:
640:
636:
633:
629:
628:Patrick Moore
625:
622:
618:
615:
611:
607:
604:
600:
596:
595:
586:
582:
579:
575:
571:
568:
564:
560:
557:
553:
549:
546:
542:
539:
535:
531:
528:
524:
520:
516:
513:
509:
505:
502:
498:
497:Patrick Moore
494:
491:
487:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:
457:
453:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
431:
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413:
410:
406:
402:
401:
392:
388:
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358:
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347:
343:
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336:
333:
329:
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318:
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311:
307:
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300:
296:
292:
289:
285:
281:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
259:
255:
252:
248:
244:
240:
239:
230:
227:
223:
220:
217:In 1790, Sir
216:
213:
209:
205:
202:
198:
194:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
171:
167:
163:
159:
158:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
122:
118:
117:
111:
108:
106:
95:
93:
92:geologic time
89:
85:
80:
78:
74:
70:
64:
62:
58:
57:Patrick Moore
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
30:
29:Patrick Moore
26:
21:
4509:
4504:Solar System
4262:Lunar effect
4078:Nodal period
4004:Colonization
3818:Lunar theory
3778:
3511:Selenography
3351:Nodal period
3144:
3143:
3134:. Retrieved
3081:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3018:
3014:
3001:
2990:
2980:
2945:
2941:
2931:
2906:
2902:
2896:
2882:
2871:. Retrieved
2867:the original
2862:
2853:
2839:
2827:. Retrieved
2823:the original
2777:
2773:
2767:
2759:the original
2748:
2707:
2703:
2697:
2682:
2655:
2651:
2641:
2633:
2628:
2620:
2604:
2599:
2591:
2590:, Volume 1:
2587:
2582:
2574:
2573:, Volume 1:
2570:
2565:
2555:February 13,
2553:. Retrieved
2546:the original
2541:
2528:
2503:
2499:
2493:
2485:
2480:
2472:
2467:
2459:
2443:
2438:
2430:
2425:
2417:
2399:21 September
2397:. Retrieved
2392:
2383:
2375:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2319:
2315:
2309:
2284:
2280:
2274:
2249:
2245:
2239:
2222:
2218:
2212:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2176:
2168:
2163:
2146:
2142:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2115:
2098:
2094:
2088:
2080:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2039:
2035:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2000:
1992:
1987:
1979:
1974:
1966:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1940:
1935:
1927:
1922:
1914:
1909:
1901:
1896:
1888:
1887:, Volume 1:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1867:
1862:
1854:
1849:
1841:
1836:
1828:
1812:
1811:, Volume 1:
1808:
1803:
1795:
1769:
1764:
1756:
1736:
1731:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1637:
1632:
1624:
1606:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1580:
1579:, Volume 1:
1576:
1571:
1548:
1544:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1521:
1512:
1504:
1499:
1487:
1474:
1460:
1433:
1429:
1419:
1387:. Retrieved
1382:
1355:
1354:
1340:Selenography
1329:Project A119
1319:Lunar swirls
1289:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1261:
1254:
1247:
1240:
1239:, Volume 1:
1236:
1229:
1222:
1194:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1174:
1161:
1126:
1086:
1058:
1050:
1042:
1039:Explanations
1007:Fracastorius
984:
951:polarization
876:
848:Ronald Evans
807:Eratosthenes
766:
739:
736:Zdeněk Kopal
672:spectrometer
657:Mare Crisium
621:Eratosthenes
573:
545:Eratosthenes
489:
478:
474:
444:
404:
390:
382:
374:from crater
371:
276:
269:Linné crater
212:Mare Imbrium
201:Montes Alpes
189:
148:Mare Imbrium
136:meteor storm
125:
109:
101:
81:
65:
60:
48:
44:
40:
36:
34:
4492:Outer space
4480:Spaceflight
4371:Moon Treaty
4355:Hollow Moon
4297:Moon rabbit
4269:Earth phase
4071:Lunar month
3958:Exploration
3902:Experiments
3804:Observation
3666:Ray systems
3531:Hemispheres
3499:Surface and
3480:Tidal range
3459:Tidal force
3262:Sodium tail
3246:Hill sphere
3082:On the Moon
2252:: 481–500.
1658:: 109–110.
1592:K.Bispham,
1430:Meteoritics
1389:26 December
1103:and NASA's
1072:Aristarchus
1054:lunar maria
921:Lichtenberg
831:During the
812:During the
687:Alpetragius
599:Lichtenberg
567:Lichtenberg
508:Lichtenberg
467:Aristarchus
456:William Maw
310:Aristarchus
247:Lichtenberg
4516:Categories
4341:Apollo era
4283:Pareidolia
4041:navigation
3763:Sputtering
3643:Lava tubes
3565:South pole
3558:North pole
3518:Terminator
3360:Precession
3276:Earthshine
3232:Atmosphere
3225:Topography
3210:properties
3136:2007-06-28
2873:2009-12-25
2829:31 October
2636:, page 142
2623:, page 309
2607:, page 234
2594:, page 162
2586:T.W.Webb,
2577:, page 118
2569:T.W.Webb,
2462:, page 232
2225:(5): 291.
2008:, page 182
1995:, page 292
1956:, page 309
1943:, page 201
1891:, page 163
1844:, page 203
1815:, page 161
1807:T.W.Webb,
1798:, page 183
1759:, page 185
1726:, page 183
1683:, page 289
1636:T.W.Webb:
1583:, page 113
1575:T.W.Webb,
1551:: 401–408.
1351:References
1313:Lunar soil
1216:Literature
1210:dispersion
1152:terminator
1141:radiogenic
1137:solar wind
1109:Clementine
1047:Outgassing
1014:Timocharis
914:Peirescius
896:Torricelli
785:Posidonius
643:Theophilus
574:Cobra-Head
475:Molesworth
434:Max Valier
427:Posidonius
416:Theaetetus
409:Posidonius
391:terminator
387:Posidonius
226:Posidonius
170:George III
121:Canterbury
84:outgassing
77:hypotheses
4456:Astronomy
4089:Fortnight
3981:Explorers
3938:Apollo 17
3931:Apollo 11
3894:Volcanism
3864:Timescale
3811:Libration
3599:Mountains
3537:Near side
3443:Supermoon
3383:Full moon
3337:Libration
3269:Moonlight
2992:Space.com
2488:, page 60
2420:, P.28–29
2287:(5): 28.
1982:, page 94
1930:, page 48
1857:, blz 353
1831:, blz 354
1709:, blz 159
1696:, blz 356
1627:, page 94
1609:, blz 352
1383:Astrosurf
1205:libration
983:J.Adams (
932:1991–2000
888:Furnerius
877:Nasmyth A
870:1981–1990
852:Apollo 17
833:Apollo 17
826:1971–1980
814:Apollo 11
773:'s floor.
727:evidence.
720:Willy Ley
701:1961–1970
694:Schickard
650:Herodotus
632:Helmholtz
626:In 1954,
592:1951–1960
585:Herodotus
563:Philolaus
534:Schickard
501:Schickard
445:eruptions
398:1901–1950
350:Herodotus
314:Herodotus
236:1801–1900
155:1701–1800
4428:Category
4223:Moonrise
4156:Crescent
4096:Sennight
4011:Moonbase
3967:Missions
3636:Calderas
3544:Far side
3502:features
3390:Eclipses
3376:New moon
3321:Distance
3208:Physical
3119:Archived
2802:56434645
2732:17093445
1297:See also
1199:and the
992:surface.
841:Grimaldi
771:Gassendi
556:AA shell
523:Hansteen
473:and (?)
376:Schröter
332:Hercules
327:terrier.
183:sunspots
114:Pre 1700
4442:Portals
4247:Related
4237:Moonset
4020:Tourism
3997:Landing
3857:Geology
3796:Science
3652:Craters
3615:Valleys
3201:Outline
3114:NASA –
3023:Bibcode
2972:4319685
2950:Bibcode
2911:Bibcode
2890:. 2006.
2782:Bibcode
2740:7679109
2712:Bibcode
2660:Bibcode
2508:Bibcode
2324:Bibcode
2289:Bibcode
2254:Bibcode
2227:Bibcode
2200:Bibcode
2151:Bibcode
2103:Bibcode
2044:Bibcode
1902:Science
1660:Bibcode
1438:Bibcode
1097:SMART-1
974:Agrippa
881:Nasmyth
802:again".
449:Eimmart
339:Cassini
258:Carlini
161:crater.
4205:Tetrad
4121:Phases
3990:Probes
3825:Origin
3772:Quakes
3705:Rilles
3696:swirls
3411:Tetrad
3369:Syzygy
3088:
3067:
3015:Icarus
2970:
2942:Nature
2903:Icarus
2800:
2738:
2730:
2704:Nature
2500:Icarus
2395:. NASA
2246:Icarus
1468:. BBC.
1385:. NASA
1105:LCROSS
1076:Kepler
1032:Cichus
1025:Reiner
947:albedo
819:Bochum
778:Parrot
610:Pallas
361:Thales
4468:Stars
4184:Black
4170:Blood
4147:Names
4125:names
4064:Month
3915:ALSEP
3887:KREEP
3839:Theia
3742:Water
3719:Rocks
3629:Domes
3583:Maria
3552:Poles
3344:Nodes
3298:Orbit
3011:(PDF)
2968:S2CID
2798:S2CID
2736:S2CID
2549:(PDF)
2538:(PDF)
1379:(PDF)
1182:event
1178:place
1068:radon
997:Young
989:Plato
978:Godin
907:Kirch
863:Linné
799:Gauss
767:wedge
678:and C
552:Plato
479:1931?
460:South
372:steam
321:Plato
299:Plato
208:Plato
179:Padua
43:) or
4334:list
4191:Dark
4177:Blue
4140:Full
4039:and
3689:Soil
3659:List
3590:List
3572:Face
3525:Limb
3452:Tide
3192:Moon
3086:ISBN
3065:ISBN
2831:2007
2728:PMID
2557:2022
2401:2023
1391:2015
1074:and
976:and
959:gas.
949:and
312:and
288:Kant
210:and
146:and
86:and
53:Moon
27:and
4198:Wet
4133:New
4123:and
3061:363
3031:doi
3019:146
2958:doi
2946:285
2919:doi
2790:doi
2720:doi
2708:444
2668:doi
2656:110
2516:doi
2504:146
2297:doi
2285:212
2262:doi
2223:111
2147:123
2052:doi
1446:doi
1139:or
923:in
898:in
850:of
601:in
576:of
510:in
249:in
49:LTP
41:TLP
4518::
3080:,
3063:.
3029:.
3017:.
3013:.
2989:.
2966:.
2956:.
2944:.
2940:.
2917:.
2907:82
2905:.
2861:.
2810:^
2796:.
2788:.
2778:93
2776:.
2734:.
2726:.
2718:.
2706:.
2666:.
2654:.
2650:.
2612:^
2540:.
2514:.
2502:.
2451:^
2409:^
2391:.
2361:^
2320:27
2318:.
2295:.
2283:.
2260:.
2248:.
2221:.
2196:35
2194:.
2145:.
2141:.
2125:57
2123:,
2099:26
2097:.
2050:.
2040:71
2038:.
2034:.
1820:^
1777:^
1744:^
1672:^
1654:.
1614:^
1557:^
1547:.
1444:.
1434:11
1432:.
1428:.
1410:.
1399:^
1381:.
1363:^
107:.
35:A
4444::
4381:"
4377:"
3184:e
3177:t
3170:v
3139:.
3092:.
3073:.
3037:.
3033::
3025::
2995:.
2974:.
2960::
2952::
2925:.
2921::
2913::
2876:.
2833:.
2804:.
2792::
2784::
2742:.
2722::
2714::
2676:.
2670::
2662::
2559:.
2522:.
2518::
2510::
2403:.
2330:.
2326::
2303:.
2299::
2291::
2268:.
2264::
2256::
2250:2
2233:.
2229::
2206:.
2202::
2157:.
2153::
2109:.
2105::
2058:.
2054::
2046::
1666:.
1662::
1656:5
1549:9
1454:.
1448::
1440::
1393:.
916:.
909:.
902:.
780:.
755:.
696:.
689:.
680:3
676:2
659:.
645:.
634:.
587:.
569:.
547:.
529:.
477:(
462:.
451:.
429:.
418:.
411:.
378:.
352:.
341:.
301:.
214:.
47:(
39:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
