832:, West Germany, had observed a bright glow on the lunar surface—the same sort of eerie luminescence that has intrigued Moon watchers for centuries. The report was passed on to Houston and thence to the astronauts. Neil Armstrong reported back: "Hey, Houston. I'm looking north up toward Aristarchus now, and I can't really tell at that distance whether I really am looking at Aristarchus, but there's an area there that is considerably more illuminated than the surrounding area. It just has – seems to have a slight amount of fluorescence to it as a crater can be seen, and the area around the crater is quite bright."
138:
which was below writhed, as it were, in anxiety, and, to put it in the words of those who reported it to me and saw it with their own eyes, the moon throbbed like a wounded snake. Afterwards it resumed its proper state. This phenomenon was repeated a dozen times or more, the flame assuming various twisting shapes at random and then returning to normal. Then after these transformations the moon from horn to horn, that is along its whole length, took on a blackish appearance.
4435:
4486:
3300:
4510:
4462:
4498:
4474:
290:" (his emphasis), whereas at high illumination, it was visible as a bright spot. Based on repeat observations, he further stated that "Linné can never be seen under any illumination as a crater of the normal type" and that "a local change has taken place". Today, Linné is visible as a normal young impact crater with a diameter of about 1.5 miles (2.4 km).
145:. However, more recent studies suggest that it appears very unlikely the 1178 event was related to the formation of Crater Giordano Bruno, or was even a true transient lunar phenomenon at all. The millions of tons of lunar debris ejected from an impact large enough to leave a 22-km-wide crater would have resulted in an unprecedentedly intense, week-long
1195:, these must be regarded with caution. As discussed above, an equally plausible hypothesis for some of these events is that they are caused by the terrestrial atmosphere. If an event were to be observed at two different places on Earth at the same time, this could be used as evidence against an atmospheric origin.
1089:
during the time of this two-year mission. These observations could be explained by the slow and visually imperceptible diffusion of gas to the surface, or by discrete explosive events. In support of explosive outgassing, it has been suggested that a roughly 3 km (1.9 mi) diameter region of
137:
There was a bright new moon, and as usual in that phase its horns were tilted toward the east; and suddenly the upper horn split in two. From the midpoint of this division a flaming torch sprang up, spewing out, over a considerable distance, fire, hot coals, and sparks. Meanwhile the body of the moon
1173:
It is possible that many transient phenomena might not be associated with the Moon itself but could be a result of unfavourable observing conditions or phenomena associated with the Earth. For instance, some reported transient phenomena are for objects near the resolution of the employed telescopes.
964:
features were recorded the following night that did not change in appearance over the six minutes of data collection. Observations three days later showed a similar, but smaller, anomaly in the same vicinity. While the viewing conditions for this region were close to specular, it was argued that the
113:
Reports of transient lunar phenomena range from foggy patches to permanent changes of the lunar landscape. Cameron classifies these as (1) gaseous, involving mists and other forms of obscuration, (2) reddish colorations, (3) green, blue or violet colorations, (4) brightenings, and (5) darkening. Two
1202:
by a network of amateur astronomers. Several events were reported, of which four of these were photographed both beforehand and afterward by the spacecraft. However, careful analysis of these images shows no discernible differences at these sites. This does not necessarily imply that these reports
149:
on Earth. No accounts of such a memorable storm have been found in any known historical records, including several astronomical archives from around the world. In light of this, it is suspected that the group of monks (the event's only known witnesses) saw the atmospheric explosion of a directly
1062:
Some TLPs may be caused by gas escaping from underground cavities. These gaseous events are purported to display a distinctive reddish hue, while others have appeared as white clouds or an indistinct haze. The majority of TLPs appear to be associated with floor-fractured craters, the edges of
812:
through a polaroid filter to cut down the glare. The eastern wall of the crater was not visible; when the filter was rotated the wall appeared, indicating that the area was reflecting polarized light. Although the same area has been examined since, this phenomenon has not been noticed
31:
183:
and other astronomers of his observations. Herschel attributed the phenomena to erupting volcanoes and perceived the luminosity of the brightest of the three as greater than the brightness of a comet that had been discovered on April 10. His observations were made while an
737:
states (1978, Event Serial No. 778): "This and their
November observations started the modern interest and observing the Moon." The credibility of their findings stemmed from Greenacre's exemplary reputation as an impeccable cartographer, rather than from any photographic
1186:
The most significant problem that faces reports of transient lunar phenomena is that the vast majority of these were made either by a single observer or at a single location on Earth (or both). The multitude of reports for transient phenomena occurring at the same
171:
On the evening of August 16, 1725, the
Italian astronomer Francesco Bianchini saw a reddish light streak across the floor of crater Plato, "like a bar stretching straight from one end to the other" along the major axis of the foreshortened elliptical shape of the
1102:, as might be encountered during meteor showers. Impact flashes from such events have been detected from multiple and simultaneous Earth-based observations. Tables of impacts recorded by video cameras exist for years since 2005 many of which are associated with
733:: "The first reaction in professional circles was, naturally, surprise, and hard on the heels of the surprise there followed an apologetic attitude, the apologies being directed at a long-dead great astronomer, Sir William Herschel." A notation by
337:
On July 3, 1882, several residents of
Lebanon, Connecticut, observed two pyramidal luminous protuberances on the Moon's upper limb. They were not large, but gave the Moon a look strikingly like that of a horned owl or the head of an English bull
1002:
was filled with shadow, that two beams of light traversed two-thirds of the floor from the western wall resembling searchlights; they were parallel and well-defined, and had the appearance of passing through a slight vapour resting on the
693:. While exposing his second spectrogram, he noticed "a marked increase in the brightness of the central region and an unusual white colour." Then, "all of a sudden the brightness started to decrease" and the resulting spectrum was normal.
969:
of sunlight. The favored hypothesis was that this was the consequence of light scattering from clouds of airborne particles resulting from a release of gas. The fractured floor of this crater was cited as a possible source of the
77:
Claims of short-lived lunar phenomena go back at least 1,000 years, with some having been observed independently by multiple witnesses or reputable scientists. Nevertheless, the majority of transient lunar phenomenon reports are
1218:
conditions, it is possible to judge whether some reports were simply due to a misinterpretation of what the observer regarded as an abnormality. Furthermore, with digital images, it is possible to simulate atmospheric spectral
1203:
were a result of observational error, as it is possible that outgassing events on the lunar surface might not leave a visible marker, but neither is it encouraging for the hypothesis that these were authentic lunar phenomena.
827:
mission in July 1969, Houston radioed to Apollo 11: "We've got an observation you can make if you have some time up there. There's been some lunar transient events reported in the vicinity of
Aristarchus." Astronomers in
904:
On
January 29, 1983, several members of the British Astronomical Association (BAA) observed abnormal brightness and purplish coloration at the bowl shaped crater Torricelli B north-northeast of the pear shaped crater
114:
extensive catalogs of transient lunar phenomena exist, with the most recent tallying 2,254 events going back to the 6th century. Of the most reliable of these events, at least one-third come from the vicinity of the
4411:
141:
This description appears outlandish, perhaps due to the writer's and viewers' lack of understanding of astronomical phenomena. In 1976, Jack
Hartung proposed that this described the formation of the
1090:
the lunar surface was "recently" modified by a gas release event. The age of this feature is believed to be about 1 million years old, suggesting that such large phenomena occur only infrequently.
1067:, or in other locations linked by geologists with volcanic activity. However, these are some of the most common targets when viewing the Moon, and this correlation could be an observational bias.
1045:(in the eastern part of Palus Epidemiarum) for further detailed study. In Cichus, a small crater seemed to have grown larger as compared to the earlier representations by Schröter and Mädler.
3156:
Professor Hakan Kayal of the Space
Technology at Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg (JMU) in Bavaria, Germany – Moon telescope set up in Spain, to investigate Transient Lunar Phenomena
1118:. Impact events leave a visible scar on the surface, and these could be detected by analyzing before and after photos of sufficiently high resolution. No impact craters formed between the
217:
On
October 15, 1789, J.H.Schröter observed two bright bursts of light, each one of them composed of many single, separate small sparks, appearing on the night side of the Moon near crater
2783:
Cudnik, Brian M.; Palmer, David W.; Palmer, David M.; Cook, Anthony; Venable, Roger; Gural, Peter S. (2003). "The
Observation and Characterization of Lunar Meteoroid Impact Phenomena".
1157:. If this were to occur at the surface, the subsequent discharge from this gas might be able to give rise to phenomena visible from Earth. Alternatively, it has been proposed that the
1191:
on the Moon could be used as evidence supporting their existence. However, in the absence of eyewitness reports from multiple observers at multiple locations on Earth for the same
1527:
Bianchini, Observations concerning the planet Venus, translated by Sally
Beaumont, Springer, 1996, p. 23, from Bianchini, Hesperi et phosphori nova phaenomena, Rome, 1728, pp. 5–6
1131:
769:
On November 15, 1965, personnel of the Trident Engineering Associates, Inc., Annapolis, Md. observed via Moon-Blink device a color phenomenon which lasted at least four hours.
4358:
2545:
192:, Italy. Aurora activity that far south from the Arctic Circle was very rare. Padua's display and Herschel's observations had happened a few days before the number of
1161:
charging of particles within a gas-borne dust cloud could give rise to electrostatic discharges visible from Earth. Finally, electrostatic levitation of dust near the
721:, Flagstaff, Arizona, manually recorded very bright red, orange, and pink colour phenomena on the southwest side of Cobra Head; a hill southeast of the lunar valley
4316:
425:
In 1902, French astronomer Albert Charbonneaux, using the Meudon 33-inch refractor telescope at the Paris Observatory, noticed a small white cloud west of crater
1054:
Explanations for the transient lunar phenomena fall in four classes: outgassing, impact events, electrostatic phenomena, and unfavorable observation conditions.
1214:
to re-observe sites where transient lunar phenomena were reported in the past. By documenting the appearance of these features under the same illumination and
616:
and reported a rose-pink coloration which persisted for a time and then faded. See also J.H.Mädler between 1830 and 1840, Barcroft in 1940, and Hill in 1988.
267:
On November 24, 1865, Williams and two others observed for one hour and a half a distinct bright speck like an 8 magnitude star on the dark side near crater
2869:
2829:
418:, shows bowl-shaped craterlet Posidonius C as an elongated bright spot without shadow, although the photograph was made shortly before sunset at crater
805:
of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center noticed a great many star-like points on the Moon. They were seen by a group of observers who accompanied her.
4351:
1502:
762:
On July 16, 1964, AAVSO member Thomas A. Cragg (1927–2011) observed a 3 km diameter "temporary hill casting a shadow" southeast of crater Ross D in
1223:, astronomical seeing blur and light scattering by our atmosphere to determine if these phenomena could explain some of the original TLP reports.
1174:
The Earth's atmosphere can give rise to significant temporal distortions that could be confused with actual lunar phenomena (an effect known as
2191:
Cameron, W. S. (1978, July). Lunar transient phenomena catalog (NSSDC/WDC-A-R&S 78-03). Greenbelt, MD: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
1207:
286:, as well as personal observations and drawings made between 1841 and 1843, he stated that the crater "at the time of oblique illumination
1134:
Eight individual frames taken from a video of the lunar crater Clavius showing the effect of the Earth's atmosphere on astronomical images
4344:
3991:
17:
3113:
2765:
717:
On October 29, 1963, two Aeronautical Chart and Information Center cartographers, James Clarke Greenacre and Edward M. Barr, at the
3925:
872:
In September 1973, the Dutch author of books on mysterious phenomena Hans van Kampen and a friend (Van Cleef) observed near crater
4547:
576:, which he watched for fifteen minutes before it faded from sight. Three years later he observed another red glow west of crater
4330:
2898:
808:
K.E.Chilton: "At times, light is polarized in areas on the moon. On the night of September 18, 1968, I was observing the crater
554:
On January 30, 1947, Harold Hill observed an abnormal absence of the main peak's shadow at the central mountain group of crater
4323:
3129:
2556:
1146:
effects related to the fracturing of near-surface materials could charge any gases that might be present, such as implanted
923:
On December 28, 1985, Harold Hill observed an extraordinary brilliance at the mid-section of the east inner wall of crater
3119:
1122:(global resolution 100 metre, selected areas 7–20 metre) and SMART-1 (resolution 50 metre) missions have been identified.
956:
using a one-meter (3.2-foot) telescope. While observations on the night of December 29, 1992, were normal, unusually high
897:
On January 1, 1983, Harold Hill noticed an unusual bright appearance of craterlet Furnerius A near the pronounced crater
517:
In 1940, American amateur astronomer David P. Barcroft (1897–1974) observed a pronounced reddish-brown color near crater
3193:
3100:
3079:
1178:). Other non-lunar explanations include the viewing of Earth-orbiting satellites and meteors or observational error.
1142:
charging or discharging might be able to account for some of the transient lunar phenomena. One possibility is that
4537:
4389:
4374:
1211:
3166:
3796:
3782:
930:
On April 1, 1988, Harold Hill noticed rosy-tinged areas fringing the northern edge of the lava sheet near crater
685:. During this time, the obtained spectra showed evidence for bright gaseous emission bands due to the molecules C
275:
42:, shows the approximate distribution of observed events. Red-hued events are in red; the remainder are in yellow.
2855:
666:
On January 16–17, 1956, Robert Miles of Woodland, Calif., noticed a flash of white or bright blue light east of
4552:
3948:
3941:
3918:
3228:
2877:
1098:
Impact events are continually occurring on the lunar surface. The most common events are those associated with
674:
619:
On November 15, 1953, Dr. Leon Stuart photographed a lunar flare at approximately 10 miles southeast of crater
565:
and noticed a minute but brilliant flash of light which he described as looking very much like the flash of an
294:
2833:
1544:, William Herschel’s report to the Royal Society on April 26, 1787, reprinted from his Collected Works (1912))
594:
in November 1949, and also in June and July 1950, Bartlett noticed a white spot at the central part of crater
4532:
3609:
3414:
980:
572:
On May 20, 1948, British amateur astronomer Richard M. Baum noted a reddish glow to the northeast of crater
283:
253:
207:
3977:
1081:
to the surface. In particular, results show that radon gas was emanating from the vicinity of the craters
4120:
3690:
3683:
3669:
3625:
742:
886:
On December 27, 1982, British Moon observer Harold Hill noticed the absence of the principal craterlet (
436:
observed a bright spot at the location of the bowl-shaped craterlet Posidonius C on the floor of crater
4542:
4452:
3437:
3331:
3317:
3265:
755:
transformed it into one of the most widely publicized TLP events. Kopal, like others, had argued that
551:. Some minor craters in it, which are normally well shadowed, stood out as white spots under a low sun.
433:
235:
On November 1–2, 1791, J.H.Schröter noticed the bowl-shaped crater Posidonius A on the floor of crater
150:
oncoming meteor in chance alignment, from their specific vantage point, with the far more distant Moon.
3632:
386:
3600:
756:
214:. It was seen on the night side of the Moon and appeared like a star of Magnitude 5 to the naked eye.
2713:
P. H., Schultz; Staid, M. I. & Pieters, C. M. (2006). "Lunar activity from recent gas release".
2042:
1006:
Harold Hill: "A number of observers have claimed in the past that the inner slopes of the formation
569:
exploding in the air at a distance of about ten miles. In color it was on the orange side of yellow.
4014:
3874:
858:
749:
and Thomas Rackham made the first photographs of a "wide area lunar luminescence". His article in
642:
102:
916:
On October 29, 1983, Harold Hill observed abnormal brightness at the hillock just north of crater
242:
In 1794, a report circulated that it was possible to see a volcano on the Moon with the naked eye.
4337:
3968:
3842:
3582:
3272:
3249:
451:
378:
356:
305:
121:
An overview of the more famous historical accounts of transient phenomena include the following:
2997:
1198:
One attempt to overcome the above problems with transient phenomena reports was made during the
630:
On May 11, 1954, Peter Cattermole observed the disappearance of the central mountains of crater
3881:
3512:
3286:
3242:
3186:
3071:
1382:
480:. In the same year (1931) and at the same location, British businessman and amateur astronomer
367:
349:
35:
3018:
4418:
3934:
3904:
3616:
3547:
2657:
S. Lawson, Stefanie L.; W. Feldman; D. Lawrence; K. Moore; R. Elphic & R. Belian (2005).
1355:
1086:
1017:
817:
631:
566:
555:
142:
3063:
2796:
2659:"Recent outgassing from the lunar surface: the Lunar Prospector alpha particle spectrometer"
2338:
2117:
1437:"Was the Formation of a 20-km Diameter Impact Crater on the Moon Observed on June 18, 1178?"
1031:
4247:
4233:
4051:
4000:
3554:
3033:
2960:
2921:
2792:
2722:
2670:
2518:
2399:
2334:
2299:
2264:
2237:
2210:
2161:
2113:
2054:
1670:
1448:
1158:
961:
931:
763:
726:
697:
696:
On November 19, 1958, Raymond J. Stein of Newark observed a change in the shadow of crater
609:
577:
518:
477:
470:
320:
316:
308:
noticed some sort of phosphorescent glow on the shadowed southern part of the walled plain
257:
115:
83:
2769:
787:
In 1967, T.J.C.A.Moseley of the Armagh Observatory recorded a flash in the area of crater
703:
On December 23, 1958, Greek observers of the moon noticed a greenish coloration at crater
8:
4514:
4030:
3867:
3211:
2804:
1313:
1220:
1175:
1024:
966:
935:
924:
906:
795:
751:
653:
613:
537:
522:
493:
437:
426:
419:
397:
261:
236:
3037:
2964:
2925:
2726:
2674:
2522:
2303:
2268:
2255:
Kopal, Z.; Rackham, T. W. (1963). "Excitation of lunar luminescence by solar activity".
2241:
2214:
2165:
2058:
1674:
1452:
722:
4502:
4490:
4215:
4067:
3835:
3736:
3483:
3421:
3379:
2978:
2808:
2746:
1461:
1436:
1344:
1334:
1199:
1119:
1082:
1010:
have a greenish, almost translucent cast or sheen when seen at the evening terminator."
953:
898:
718:
704:
678:
660:
595:
573:
548:
544:
511:
360:
324:
2311:
4397:
4157:
3856:
3821:
3814:
3308:
3179:
3096:
3075:
3064:
2933:
2738:
2276:
1386:
1154:
1111:
949:
910:
851:
781:
591:
and recorded a "puff of whitish vapour obscuring details for some miles in the area".
533:
342:
2812:
2104:
Greenacre, J. A. (December 1963). "A recent observation of lunar colour phenomena".
873:
279:
4466:
4293:
3957:
3759:
3575:
3568:
3528:
3370:
3324:
3299:
3140:
3126:
3041:
2982:
2968:
2929:
2800:
2750:
2730:
2678:
2526:
2307:
2272:
2062:
1456:
1418:
1162:
1071:
998:
N°2374) noted on two occasions near sunrise, when the interior of the walled plain
984:
891:
854:
while in orbit around the Moon (First Revolution, 21:11:09 GMT, December 10, 1972).
847:
802:
734:
588:
459:
268:
229:
176:
154:
3676:
1577:
K.E.Chilton, Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, Vol.63, page 203
1490:
729:. This event sparked a major change in attitude towards TLP reports. According to
264:. See also Barcroft in 1940, Haas at a later date, Baum in 1951, and Hill in 1988.
4300:
4037:
3890:
3653:
3133:
1318:
1099:
1042:
1035:
788:
677:
observed an apparent half-hour "eruption" that took place on the central peak of
620:
481:
371:
185:
79:
2899:"SMART-1 impact flash and dust cloud seen by the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope"
2699:
938:. See also J.H.Mädler between 1830 and 1840, Barcroft in 1940, and Baum in 1951.
746:
627:, the coordinates of the impacted object are 3.88° Latitude / 357.71° Longitude.
4060:
3984:
3849:
3766:
3743:
2325:
Kopal, Z.; Rackham, T. W. (March 1964). "Lunar luminescence and solar flares".
1143:
1103:
1074:
1020:
which is of a slightly reddish hue, and is detectable with a moonblink device."
1007:
999:
988:
917:
866:
809:
741:
On the night of November 1–2, 1963, a few days after Greenacre's event, at the
624:
562:
529:
499:
On June 17, 1931, N.J.Giddings and his wife observed unusual flashes of light (
331:
309:
218:
179:
noticed three red glowing spots on the dark part of the Moon. He informed King
98:
2130:
Zahner, D. D. (1963–64, December–January). Air force reports lunar changes.
1422:
62:) is a short-lived change in light, color or appearance on the surface of the
4526:
4438:
4404:
4286:
4180:
4113:
3722:
3662:
3499:
3476:
3444:
3430:
3407:
3088:
2509:
Audouin Dollfus, A (2000). "Langrenus: Transient Illuminations on the Moon".
1423:"Analyses of Lunar Transient Phenomena (LTP) Observations from 557–1994 A.D."
1139:
1013:
773:
638:
583:
On February 10, 1949, F.H.Thornton, using an 18-inch reflector, observed the
507:
298:
67:
39:
3016:
525:. See also J.H.Mädler between 1830 and 1840, Baum in 1951, and Hill in 1988.
27:
Short-lived light, color, or change in appearance on the surface of the Moon
4478:
4272:
4088:
4007:
3828:
3706:
3521:
3361:
3235:
3045:
2742:
2530:
1350:
1339:
1329:
1165:
could potentially give rise to some form of phenomenon visible from Earth.
1023:
American amateur astronomer David Barcroft (1897–1974) had seen the crater
682:
667:
649:
561:
On April 15, 1948, F.H.Thornton, using a 9-inch reflector, observed crater
222:
211:
158:
146:
3646:
3161:
2149:
4381:
4365:
4307:
4279:
4265:
4240:
4131:
4081:
3752:
3490:
3469:
3256:
2912:
Richard Zito, R (1989). "A new mechanism for lunar transient phenomena".
2683:
2658:
1476:
466:
2734:
1381:
1106:. Furthermore, impact clouds were detected following the crash of ESA's
608:
In 1951, Richard Myer Baum (1930–2017) observed the regions near crater
4194:
3773:
3699:
3639:
3593:
3535:
3354:
3141:"Columbia Astronomer Offers New Theory Into 400-year-old Lunar Mystery"
1323:
1151:
1147:
1064:
816:
On October 31, 1968, K.E.Chilton observed a red-colored glow in crater
444:
180:
131:
94:
87:
2656:
2182:(p. 71). New York: The New American Library of World Literature, Inc.
4201:
4187:
4173:
4150:
4099:
3729:
3453:
3393:
3347:
3279:
3066:
Epic Moon: A History of Lunar Exploration in the Age of the Telescope
3002:
2973:
2948:
2645:
Epic Moon, a history of lunar exploration in the age of the telescope
2632:
Epic Moon, a history of lunar exploration in the age of the telescope
1965:
Epic Moon, a history of lunar exploration in the age of the telescope
1301:
Epic Moon, A History of Lunar Exploration in the Age of the Telescope
1215:
862:
843:
824:
798:
seemed hazy and obscured; the rest of the crater was clearly visible.
730:
341:
On February 19, 1885, Gray saw a small crater near the larger crater
93:
Most lunar scientists will acknowledge that transient events such as
4208:
4166:
4143:
4021:
3386:
3017:
B. Buratti, B; W. McConnochie; S. Calkins & J. Hillier (2000).
2066:
1649:
Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes, Volume 1: The Solar System
794:
In 1968, J.C.McConnell reported that the north-east wall of crater
3019:"Lunar transient phenomena: What do the Clementine images reveal?"
396:, shows bowl-shaped craterlet Posidonius C on the floor of crater
3400:
1385:; Burley, Jaylee M.; Moore, Patrick; Welther, Barbara L. (1967).
1107:
894:. A similar phenomenon was noticed by P.Wade on December 8, 1981.
876:
a bright point of light which was visible for almost two minutes.
780:-shaped reddish colored appearance on the eastern part of crater
327:, and noticed a strong violet glare with some sort of nebulosity.
193:
2876:. Marshall Space Flight Center. 5 September 2008. Archived from
1607:, Journal of the British Astronomical Association, 78:381, 1968
1115:
957:
829:
547:
looked misty to the Welsh-born engineer and amateur astronomer
476:
On February 22, 1931, Joulia observed a reddish glow in crater
175:
During the night of April 19, 1787, the British astronomer Sir
2874:
rates and sizes of large meteoroids striking the lunar surface
1130:
623:. The duration of the flare was 8 to 10 seconds. According to
282:
had changed its appearance. Based on drawings made earlier by
153:
On November 26, 1540, a transient phenomenon appeared between
4074:
3897:
3715:
3338:
3061:
1241:
The Moon and the Planets, A Catalog of Astronomical Anomalies
1078:
820:. The glow lasted 5 or 6 minutes and then faded to obscurity.
681:
using a 48-inch (122-cm) reflector telescope equipped with a
359:
noticed a temporary white spot in the central part of crater
189:
30:
1038:"as a white patch when it should have been sharply defined".
465:
On June 15, 1913, the British civil engineer and astronomer
4106:
3462:
3202:
1347:, a 1960s NASA investigation into transient lunar phenomena
1294:
To a Rocky Moon, a Geologist's History of Lunar Exploration
634:, although the surrounding detail remained clearly visible.
348:
On February 21, 1885, Knopp observed red patches in crater
232:
saw one or more star-like appearances on the eclipsed Moon.
63:
4473:
2147:
1536:
Herschel, W. (1956, May). Herschel’s ‘Lunar volcanos.’
776:, P.Ringsdore, T.J.C.A.Moseley, and P.G.Corvan observed a
447:
noticed a small red glowing area on the Moon's night side.
443:
On May 19, 1912, Austrian astronomer and rocketry pioneer
210:
noticed a speck of light close to the eastern foot of the
1234:
Mysterious Universe, A Handbook of Astronomical Anomalies
983:
once saw for a short time on the dark side, near craters
965:
amplitude of the observations were not consistent with a
2482:
Marie C. Cook, "The strange behaviour of Torricelli B",
2400:"Apollo 11 Flight Journal – Day 4 part 3: TV from Orbit"
1016:: "There is a darkish streak across the floor of crater
850:
observed a bright flash-like phenomenon north of crater
334:
at sunrise "glowing with a curious milky kind of light".
105:. The controversy lies in the frequency of such events.
3171:
2995:
2047:
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
1661:
J. F. Julius Schmidt (1867). "The Lunar Crater Linne".
1518:, Reviews of Geophysics, May 1967, Vol.5, N°2, page 173
1326:(see: Moon dust fountains and electrostatic levitation)
1070:
In support of the outgassing hypothesis, data from the
1027:"filled with vapor and very indistinct near full moon".
134:
reported an upheaval on the Moon shortly after sunset:
2782:
2290:
Kopal, Z. (May 1965). "The luminescence of the moon".
1911:
N.J.Giddings, "Lightning-like phenomena on the Moon",
1168:
256:
observed a strong reddish tint closely east of crater
4450:
1138:
It has been suggested that effects related to either
648:
On June 25, 1955, mountaineer and amateur astronomer
510:
noticed that the internal detail of the walled plain
414:
A photograph made on September 30, 1901, through the
355:
In 1887, French amateur astronomer and selenographer
274:
In 1866, the experienced lunar observer and mapmaker
1660:
1206:
Observations are currently being coordinated by the
86:
that could be used to distinguish among alternative
70:
in his co-authorship of NASA Technical Report R-277
2996:Trudy Bell & Tony Phillips (December 7, 2005).
2387:
Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada
2203:
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society
869:(14th Revolution, 22:28:27 GMT, December 11, 1972).
801:On April 13, 1968, during the eclipse of the Moon,
663:
which had a 'pseudo central peak' casting a shadow.
641:detected curious ray-like features crossing crater
161:. This event is depicted on a contemporary woodcut.
1928:, blz 67, Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde (VVS), 1969
543:On August 31, 1944, the floor of the walled plain
392:A photograph made on August 26, 1898, through the
2712:
2697:
330:On March 27, 1882, A.S.Williams saw the floor of
4524:
2546:"Langrenus: Transient Illuminations on the Moon"
2148:O'Connell, Robert; Cook, Anthony (August 2013).
1387:"Chronological Catalog of Reported Lunar Events"
532:noticed a moving dot of white light near crater
2508:
2484:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
2354:– Final Report, Washington – NASA, October 1966
2230:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
2228:Moore, P. (2001). "Thomas Rackham, 1919–2001".
2154:Journal of the British Astronomical Association
1434:
1417:
1077:spectrometer indicate the recent outgassing of
304:On August 31, 1877, English amateur astronomer
3122:Association of Lunar & Planetary Observers
2040:
1980:P.72, Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde (VVS), 1969
1783:P.72, Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde (VVS), 1969
1503:"The Mysterious Case of Crater Giordano Bruno"
659:On July 15, 1955, V.A.Firsoff observed crater
528:On July 10, 1941, American amateur astronomer
400:as a bright spot without shadow, although the
72:Chronological Catalog of Reported Lunar Events
3187:
3062:William Sheehan & Thomas Dobbins (2001).
2763:
846:mission in December 1972, Lunar Module Pilot
252:Between 1830 and 1840, the German astronomer
206:On September 26, 1789, the German astronomer
203:was seen by a Maltese observer named d'Angos.
2946:
2911:
2324:
2254:
1556:Astronomical Society of the Pacific Leaflets
1299:William P. Sheehan & Thomas A. Dobbins:
1208:Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers
952:reported anomalous features on the floor of
772:On April 30 and May 1, 1966, Peter Sartory,
673:On November 2, 1958, the Russian astronomer
1554:Kopal, Z. (December 1966). "Lunar flares".
34:This map, based on a survey of 300 TLPs by
3194:
3180:
2998:"New Research into Mysterious Moon Storms"
1275:(Vereniging Voor Sterrenkunde, VVS, 1969).
1125:
469:observed a 'small reddish spot' in crater
130:On June 18, 1178, five or more monks from
2972:
2702:. Planetary Science Research Discoveries.
2682:
2103:
1651:, page 125 (lunar crater N°128: Carlini).
1460:
1181:
506:On August 2, 1939, British moon observer
458:of some sort of white material at crater
381:gives drawings of a probable eruption of
2150:"Revisiting The 1963 Aristarchus Events"
1542:An Account of Three Volcanos in the Moon
1296:(The University of Arizona Press, 1993).
1261:(Sidgwick & Jackson – London, 1969).
1129:
759:could be the cause of such a phenomenon.
725:; and the southwest interior rim of the
108:
29:
3138:
2643:William P. Sheehan, Thomas A. Dobbins:
2630:William P. Sheehan, Thomas A. Dobbins:
2599:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
2582:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
2543:
2200:
2043:"The Kozyrev Observations of Alphonsus"
1963:William P. Sheehan, Thomas A. Dobbins:
1896:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
1820:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
1588:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
1248:Celestial Objects for Common Telescopes
366:One night in 1892, American astronomer
315:On August 6–7, 1881, German astronomer
14:
4525:
2824:
2822:
2442:40 jaar UFO's: de feiten – de meningen
2423:
2421:
1686:
1684:
1605:Schröter and Lunar Transient Phenomena
293:On January 4, 1873, French astronomer
3175:
2626:
2624:
2465:
2463:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2289:
2248:
2227:
2201:Meaburn, J. (June 1994). "Z. Kopal".
1834:
1832:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1553:
857:While in orbit, Command Module Pilot
514:was obliterated by an extensive mist.
454:observed the last one of a series of
2832:. NASA. 6 March 2017. Archived from
2429:Apollo 17 Preliminary Science Report
1746:"A Curious Appearance of the Moon",
1413:
1411:
1377:
1375:
345:glow dull red "with vivid contrast".
2819:
2764:Tony Phillips (November 30, 2001).
2544:Dollfus, Audouin (March 11, 1999).
2418:
1681:
1289:(Cambridge University Press, 1991).
1169:Unfavourable observation conditions
24:
2805:10.1023/B:MOON.0000034498.32831.3c
2621:
2460:
2370:
1983:
1829:
1786:
1753:
1623:
1566:
1491:"Historic lunar impact questioned"
1462:10.1111/j.1945-5100.1976.tb00319.x
865:noticed a light flash eastward of
25:
4564:
4412:Lilith (hypothetical second moon)
3107:
2700:"Recent Gas Escape from the Moon"
2312:10.1038/scientificamerican0565-28
2041:Dinsmore Alter, Dinsmore (1959).
2031:Strolling Astronomer, 10:20, 1956
1408:
1372:
1282:(W.W.Norton & Company, 1976).
4508:
4496:
4484:
4472:
4460:
4434:
4433:
4375:Moon landing conspiracy theories
3298:
3139:Poratta, David (June 27, 2007).
2367:, Sky and Telescope, 33:27, 1967
2029:Another Flashing Lunar Mountain?
1212:British Astronomical Association
1093:
974:
948:In 1992, Audouin Dollfus of the
652:observed a faint mist in crater
503:) on the night side of the Moon.
404:(day-night boundary) was nearby.
188:(northern lights) rippled above
3797:Selenographic coordinate system
3127:Lunar Impact Monitoring Program
3010:
2989:
2947:David Hughes, David W. (1980).
2940:
2905:
2891:
2862:
2848:
2776:
2757:
2706:
2691:
2650:
2637:
2608:
2591:
2574:
2537:
2502:
2489:
2476:
2447:
2444:(De Kern, Baarn, 1987), blz 139
2434:
2392:
2357:
2345:
2318:
2283:
2221:
2194:
2185:
2172:
2141:
2124:
2097:
2085:
2073:
2034:
2022:
2009:
1996:
1970:
1957:
1944:
1931:
1918:
1905:
1884:
1871:
1858:
1845:
1812:
1773:
1740:
1723:
1710:
1697:
1654:
1641:
1610:
1597:
1580:
1547:
1505:. NASA. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
1243:(The Sourcebook Project, 1985).
1236:(The Sourcebook Project, 1979).
1049:
377:1891–1897, American astronomer
319:observed the region of craters
4548:Unsolved problems in astronomy
4324:Artificial objects on the Moon
2856:"Bright Explosion on the Moon"
1530:
1521:
1508:
1496:
1493:. BBC. Retrieved 13 July 2013.
1483:
1469:
1428:
1041:T. W. Webb recommended crater
13:
1:
3415:Total penumbral lunar eclipse
2616:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
2497:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
2471:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
2455:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
1991:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
1939:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
1866:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1840:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1731:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1718:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1705:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1636:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
1618:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1489:Kettlewell, Jo (1 May 2001).
1361:
1287:A Portfolio of Lunar Drawings
1266:Op Ontdekking in het Maanland
1226:
1057:
890:) on the floor of the crater
492:) observed a bluish 'glare'.
301:which was "filled with mist".
4390:Moon is made of green cheese
3684:Permanently shadowed craters
2934:10.1016/0019-1035(89)90048-1
2553:Observatoire de Paris Report
2277:10.1016/0019-1035(63)90075-7
1877:"Change in a Lunar Crater",
1540:, pp. 302–304. (Reprint of
942:
880:
836:
711:
602:
408:
246:
165:
82:and do not possess adequate
7:
2949:"Transient lunar phenomena"
2870:"2005-06 Impact Candidates"
2132:Review of Popular Astronomy
1879:American Journal of Science
1516:An Analysis of Lunar Events
1477:"The Giordano Bruno Crater"
1307:
1254:(Dover Publications, 1962).
743:Observatoire du Pic-du-Midi
536:in the southern section of
432:In 1905, German astronomer
124:
90:to explain their origins.
10:
4569:
4317:Craters named after people
3790:Transient lunar phenomenon
3438:Solar eclipses on the Moon
3095:, Cassel & Co., 2001,
3070:. Willmann-Bell. pp.
2698:G. Jeffrey Taylor (2006).
991:, a minute point of light.
981:Johann Hieronymus Schröter
901:at the evening terminator.
434:Friedrich Simon Archenhold
374:filled with luminous haze.
254:Johann Heinrich von Mädler
208:Johann Hieronymus Schröter
66:. The term was created by
56:lunar transient phenomenon
48:transient lunar phenomenon
4428:
4257:
4225:
4130:
4047:
3967:
3806:
3509:
3307:
3296:
3218:
3209:
3120:Lunar transient phenomena
3114:Lunar Transient Phenomena
2830:"Lunar impact monitoring"
2082:, February 1959, page 211
757:Solar Energetic Particles
370:found the bowl of crater
295:Étienne Léopold Trouvelot
18:Transient lunar phenomena
3201:
2785:Earth, Moon, and Planets
2766:"Explosions on the Moon"
2365:Color Events on the Moon
2017:The Old Moon and the New
1892:The Old Moon and the New
1807:The Old Moon and the New
1768:The Old Moon and the New
1735:The Old Moon and the New
1733:, blz 356. V.A.Firsoff,
1514:Barbara M. Middlehurst,
1435:Jack B. Hartung (1976).
1259:The Old Moon and the New
745:in the French Pyrenees,
735:Winifred Sawtell Cameron
501:lightning-like phenomena
239:without internal shadow.
4538:Observational astronomy
4338:Moon in science fiction
3843:Giant-impact hypothesis
3691:South Pole–Aitken basin
2797:2003EM&P...93...97C
2339:1964S&T....27..140K
2118:1963S&T....26..316G
1257:Valdemar Axel Firsoff:
1126:Electrostatic phenomena
452:William Henry Pickering
379:William Henry Pickering
357:Casimir Marie Gaudibert
306:Arthur Stanley Williams
196:had peaked in May 1787.
4359:futuristic exploration
3882:Late Heavy Bombardment
3046:10.1006/icar.2000.6373
2531:10.1006/icar.2000.6395
1894:, page 185. T.W.Webb,
1383:Barbara M. Middlehurst
1303:(Willmann Bell, 2001).
1182:Debated status of TLPs
1135:
368:Edward Emerson Barnard
140:
43:
36:Barbara M. Middlehurst
4553:Unexplained phenomena
4419:Splitting of the Moon
4331:Memorials on the Moon
3935:Lunar sample displays
3617:Peak of eternal light
3143:. Columbia University
2858:. NASA. May 17, 2013.
2772:on February 23, 2010.
2404:Apollo Flight Journal
2094:, June 1961, page 337
2004:New Guide to the Moon
1952:New Guide to the Moon
1853:New Guide to the Moon
1692:New Guide to the Moon
1663:Astronomical Register
1356:Splitting of the Moon
1280:New Guide to the Moon
1268:(Het Spectrum, 1949).
1246:Thomas William Webb:
1133:
950:Observatoire de Paris
650:Valdemar Axel Firsoff
288:cannot at all be seen
143:Giordano Bruno crater
135:
109:Description of events
74:, published in 1968.
33:
4533:Astronomical imaging
2684:10.1029/2005JE002433
1239:William R. Corliss:
1232:William R. Corliss:
1110:spacecraft, India's
764:Mare Tranquillitatis
496: ? (1867–1908).
317:Hermann Joseph Klein
276:J. F. Julius Schmidt
199:In December 1787, a
3919:Lunar laser ranging
3162:Flashes on the Moon
3038:2000Icar..146...98B
2965:1980Natur.285..438H
2926:1989Icar...82..419Z
2836:on 4 September 2019
2735:10.1038/nature05303
2727:2006Natur.444..184S
2675:2005JGRE..110.9009L
2523:2000Icar..146..430D
2327:Sky & Telescope
2304:1965SciAm.212e..28K
2292:Scientific American
2269:1963Icar....2..481K
2242:2001JBAA..111..291M
2215:1994QJRAS..35..229M
2166:2013JBAA..123..197O
2106:Sky & Telescope
2059:1959PASP...71...46A
1748:Scientific American
1675:1867AReg....5..109S
1453:1976Metic..11..187H
1419:Winifred S. Cameron
1314:Geology of the Moon
1176:astronomical seeing
1030:Spanish astronomer
967:specular reflection
936:Oceanus Procellarum
752:Scientific American
614:Oceanus Procellarum
538:Oceanus Procellarum
523:Oceanus Procellarum
494:Percy B. Molesworth
262:Oceanus Procellarum
116:Aristarchus plateau
84:control experiments
4068:Lunisolar calendar
3737:Lunar basalt 70017
3484:Tidal acceleration
3339:Perigee and apogee
3229:Internal structure
3132:2013-05-17 at the
3116:NASA feature story
3056:General references
2389:, Vol.63, page 203
2352:Project Moon-Blink
2180:Ranger to the moon
1345:Project Moon-Blink
1335:Observing the Moon
1200:Clementine mission
1136:
1032:Josep Comas i Solà
727:Aristarchus crater
719:Lowell Observatory
675:Nikolai A. Kozyrev
549:Hugh Percy Wilkins
44:
4543:Lunar observation
4448:
4447:
4398:Natural satellite
3857:Lunar magma ocean
3633:Volcanic features
2721:(7116): 184–186.
2562:on March 22, 2022
2440:Hans van Kampen,
2178:Ley, W. (1965).
2092:Sky and Telescope
2080:Sky and Telescope
1538:Sky and Telescope
1292:Don E. Wilhelms:
1155:daughter products
1112:Moon Impact Probe
911:Sinus Asperitatis
450:In January 1913,
278:claimed that the
16:(Redirected from
4560:
4513:
4512:
4511:
4501:
4500:
4499:
4489:
4488:
4487:
4477:
4476:
4465:
4464:
4463:
4456:
4441:
4437:
4436:
4421:
4414:
4407:
4400:
4393:
4384:
4377:
4368:
4361:
4354:
4347:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4319:
4310:
4303:
4296:
4289:
4282:
4275:
4268:
4250:
4243:
4241:Meridian passage
4236:
4218:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4190:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4160:
4153:
4146:
4123:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4091:
4084:
4077:
4070:
4063:
4040:
4033:
4024:
4017:
4010:
4003:
3994:
3987:
3980:
3960:
3958:Lunar seismology
3951:
3944:
3937:
3928:
3921:
3914:
3907:
3900:
3893:
3891:Lunar meteorites
3884:
3877:
3870:
3859:
3852:
3845:
3838:
3831:
3824:
3817:
3799:
3792:
3785:
3776:
3769:
3762:
3760:Space weathering
3755:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3725:
3718:
3709:
3702:
3693:
3686:
3679:
3672:
3665:
3656:
3649:
3642:
3635:
3628:
3619:
3612:
3603:
3596:
3585:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3550:
3543:
3538:
3531:
3524:
3502:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3465:
3456:
3447:
3440:
3433:
3424:
3417:
3410:
3403:
3396:
3389:
3382:
3373:
3364:
3357:
3350:
3341:
3334:
3327:
3325:Orbital elements
3320:
3302:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3259:
3252:
3245:
3238:
3231:
3196:
3189:
3182:
3173:
3172:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3085:
3069:
3050:
3049:
3023:
3014:
3008:
3007:
2993:
2987:
2986:
2976:
2974:10.1038/285438a0
2944:
2938:
2937:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2895:
2889:
2888:
2886:
2885:
2866:
2860:
2859:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2826:
2817:
2816:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2768:. Archived from
2761:
2755:
2754:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2654:
2648:
2641:
2635:
2628:
2619:
2612:
2606:
2603:The Solar System
2595:
2589:
2586:The Solar System
2578:
2572:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2561:
2555:. Archived from
2550:
2541:
2535:
2534:
2506:
2500:
2493:
2487:
2480:
2474:
2467:
2458:
2451:
2445:
2438:
2432:
2425:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2390:
2383:
2368:
2361:
2355:
2349:
2343:
2342:
2322:
2316:
2315:
2287:
2281:
2280:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2198:
2192:
2189:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2169:
2145:
2139:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2101:
2095:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2038:
2032:
2026:
2020:
2013:
2007:
2000:
1994:
1987:
1981:
1978:Maanmonografieën
1976:Harry De Meyer,
1974:
1968:
1961:
1955:
1948:
1942:
1935:
1929:
1926:Maanmonografieën
1924:Harry de Meyer,
1922:
1916:
1909:
1903:
1900:The Solar System
1888:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1862:
1856:
1849:
1843:
1836:
1827:
1824:The Solar System
1816:
1810:
1803:
1784:
1781:Maanmonografieën
1779:Harry De Meyer,
1777:
1771:
1764:
1751:
1744:
1738:
1727:
1721:
1714:
1708:
1701:
1695:
1688:
1679:
1678:
1658:
1652:
1645:
1639:
1632:
1621:
1614:
1608:
1601:
1595:
1592:The Solar System
1584:
1578:
1575:
1564:
1563:
1551:
1545:
1534:
1528:
1525:
1519:
1512:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1415:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1391:
1379:
1367:Cited references
1273:Maanmonografieën
1271:Harry de Meyer:
1252:The Solar System
1072:Lunar Prospector
1034:once saw crater
996:English Mechanic
954:Langrenus crater
848:Harrison Schmitt
803:Winifred Cameron
723:Vallis Schröteri
679:Alphonsus crater
589:Vallis Schroteri
416:équatorial coudé
394:équatorial coudé
297:observed crater
271:in Mare Imbrium.
230:William Herschel
177:William Herschel
155:Mare Serenitatis
99:impact cratering
21:
4568:
4567:
4563:
4562:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4557:
4523:
4522:
4519:
4509:
4507:
4497:
4495:
4485:
4483:
4471:
4461:
4459:
4451:
4449:
4444:
4432:
4424:
4417:
4410:
4403:
4396:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4343:
4336:
4329:
4322:
4315:
4306:
4301:Man in the Moon
4299:
4292:
4285:
4278:
4271:
4264:
4253:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4226:Daily phenomena
4221:
4214:
4207:
4200:
4193:
4186:
4179:
4174:Super and micro
4172:
4165:
4156:
4149:
4142:
4135:
4126:
4119:
4112:
4105:
4098:
4087:
4080:
4073:
4066:
4059:
4049:
4043:
4038:Lunar resources
4036:
4029:
4020:
4013:
4006:
3999:
3990:
3983:
3976:
3963:
3956:
3947:
3940:
3933:
3924:
3917:
3912:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3880:
3873:
3866:
3855:
3848:
3841:
3834:
3827:
3820:
3813:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3781:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3751:
3742:
3735:
3728:
3721:
3714:
3705:
3698:
3689:
3682:
3675:
3668:
3661:
3652:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3624:
3615:
3608:
3599:
3592:
3581:
3574:
3567:
3562:
3553:
3546:
3541:
3534:
3527:
3520:
3511:
3505:
3498:
3489:
3482:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3452:
3443:
3436:
3429:
3420:
3413:
3406:
3399:
3392:
3385:
3378:
3369:
3360:
3353:
3346:
3337:
3330:
3323:
3316:
3303:
3294:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3264:
3255:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3214:
3205:
3200:
3146:
3144:
3134:Wayback Machine
3110:
3082:
3053:
3021:
3015:
3011:
2994:
2990:
2945:
2941:
2910:
2906:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2883:
2881:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2837:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2781:
2777:
2762:
2758:
2711:
2707:
2696:
2692:
2663:J. Geophys. Res
2655:
2651:
2642:
2638:
2629:
2622:
2613:
2609:
2596:
2592:
2579:
2575:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2548:
2542:
2538:
2507:
2503:
2494:
2490:
2481:
2477:
2468:
2461:
2457:, pages 160–161
2452:
2448:
2439:
2435:
2426:
2419:
2409:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2384:
2371:
2363:Patrick Moore,
2362:
2358:
2350:
2346:
2323:
2319:
2288:
2284:
2253:
2249:
2226:
2222:
2199:
2195:
2190:
2186:
2177:
2173:
2146:
2142:
2129:
2125:
2102:
2098:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2039:
2035:
2027:
2023:
2014:
2010:
2002:Patrick Moore,
2001:
1997:
1988:
1984:
1975:
1971:
1962:
1958:
1950:Patrick Moore,
1949:
1945:
1936:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1915:, 104:146, 1946
1910:
1906:
1889:
1885:
1881:, 4:38:95, 1914
1876:
1872:
1864:A.J.M.Wanders,
1863:
1859:
1851:Patrick Moore,
1850:
1846:
1838:A.J.M.Wanders,
1837:
1830:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1787:
1778:
1774:
1765:
1754:
1745:
1741:
1729:A.J.M.Wanders,
1728:
1724:
1716:A.J.M.Wanders,
1715:
1711:
1703:A.J.M.Wanders,
1702:
1698:
1690:Patrick Moore:
1689:
1682:
1659:
1655:
1646:
1642:
1633:
1624:
1616:A.J.M.Wanders,
1615:
1611:
1602:
1598:
1585:
1581:
1576:
1567:
1552:
1548:
1535:
1531:
1526:
1522:
1513:
1509:
1501:
1497:
1488:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1433:
1429:
1416:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1380:
1373:
1364:
1319:Lunar lava tube
1310:
1278:Patrick Moore:
1264:A.J.M.Wanders:
1229:
1184:
1171:
1128:
1100:micrometeorites
1096:
1060:
1052:
977:
945:
883:
839:
714:
692:
688:
605:
482:Walter Goodacre
411:
249:
186:aurora borealis
168:
127:
111:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4566:
4556:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4518:
4517:
4505:
4493:
4481:
4469:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4442:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4415:
4408:
4401:
4394:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4348:
4334:
4327:
4320:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4304:
4290:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4254:
4252:
4251:
4244:
4237:
4229:
4227:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4219:
4212:
4205:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4170:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4147:
4139:
4137:
4128:
4127:
4125:
4124:
4121:Lunar distance
4117:
4110:
4103:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4071:
4064:
4061:Lunar calendar
4056:
4054:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4041:
4034:
4027:
4026:
4025:
4011:
4004:
3997:
3996:
3995:
3988:
3985:Apollo program
3973:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3954:
3953:
3952:
3945:
3931:
3930:
3929:
3922:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3901:
3894:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3853:
3832:
3825:
3818:
3810:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3779:
3778:
3777:
3770:
3767:Micrometeorite
3756:
3749:
3748:
3747:
3744:Changesite-(Y)
3740:
3726:
3723:Wrinkle ridges
3719:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3696:
3695:
3694:
3687:
3680:
3673:
3659:
3658:
3657:
3650:
3643:
3629:
3622:
3621:
3620:
3606:
3605:
3604:
3590:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3572:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3517:
3515:
3507:
3506:
3504:
3503:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3487:
3480:
3473:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3441:
3434:
3427:
3426:
3425:
3418:
3397:
3390:
3376:
3375:
3374:
3367:
3366:
3365:
3351:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3321:
3318:Lunar distance
3313:
3311:
3305:
3304:
3297:
3295:
3293:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3276:
3269:
3266:Magnetic field
3262:
3261:
3260:
3246:
3239:
3232:
3224:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3164:
3153:
3152:
3136:
3123:
3117:
3109:
3108:External links
3106:
3105:
3104:
3086:
3080:
3052:
3051:
3009:
2988:
2939:
2920:(2): 419–422.
2904:
2890:
2861:
2847:
2818:
2775:
2756:
2705:
2690:
2669:(E9): E09009.
2649:
2636:
2620:
2607:
2590:
2573:
2536:
2517:(2): 430–443.
2501:
2488:
2486:, 110, 3, 2000
2475:
2459:
2446:
2433:
2417:
2391:
2369:
2356:
2344:
2333:(3): 140–141.
2317:
2282:
2247:
2220:
2209:(2): 229–230.
2193:
2184:
2171:
2160:(4): 197–208.
2140:
2138:(525), 29, 36.
2123:
2112:(6): 316–317.
2096:
2084:
2072:
2067:10.1086/127330
2053:(418): 46–47.
2033:
2021:
2008:
1995:
1982:
1969:
1956:
1943:
1930:
1917:
1904:
1883:
1870:
1857:
1844:
1828:
1811:
1785:
1772:
1752:
1739:
1722:
1709:
1696:
1680:
1653:
1640:
1622:
1609:
1596:
1579:
1565:
1546:
1529:
1520:
1507:
1495:
1482:
1468:
1447:(3): 187–194.
1427:
1407:
1370:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1304:
1297:
1290:
1283:
1276:
1269:
1262:
1255:
1244:
1237:
1228:
1225:
1183:
1180:
1170:
1167:
1144:electrodynamic
1127:
1124:
1104:meteor showers
1095:
1092:
1075:alpha particle
1059:
1056:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1028:
1021:
1011:
1004:
992:
976:
973:
972:
971:
944:
941:
940:
939:
928:
921:
914:
902:
895:
882:
879:
878:
877:
870:
867:Mare Orientale
855:
838:
835:
834:
833:
821:
814:
806:
799:
792:
785:
770:
767:
760:
739:
713:
710:
709:
708:
701:
694:
690:
686:
671:
664:
657:
646:
635:
628:
625:Bonnie Buratti
617:
604:
601:
600:
599:
592:
581:
570:
559:
552:
541:
530:Walter H. Haas
526:
515:
504:
497:
474:
463:
448:
441:
430:
423:
410:
407:
406:
405:
390:
375:
364:
353:
346:
339:
335:
328:
313:
302:
291:
284:J. H. Schröter
272:
265:
248:
245:
244:
243:
240:
233:
226:
215:
204:
201:luminous point
197:
173:
167:
164:
163:
162:
151:
126:
123:
110:
107:
101:do occur over
80:irreproducible
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4565:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4521:
4516:
4506:
4504:
4494:
4492:
4482:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4468:
4458:
4457:
4454:
4440:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4420:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4405:Double planet
4402:
4399:
4395:
4391:
4386:
4383:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4367:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4353:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4341:
4339:
4335:
4332:
4328:
4325:
4321:
4318:
4314:
4309:
4305:
4302:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4288:
4287:Moon illusion
4284:
4281:
4277:
4274:
4270:
4267:
4266:Lunar deities
4263:
4262:
4260:
4256:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4238:
4235:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4224:
4217:
4213:
4210:
4206:
4203:
4199:
4196:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4164:
4159:
4155:
4154:
4152:
4148:
4145:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4133:
4129:
4122:
4118:
4115:
4114:Lunar station
4111:
4108:
4104:
4101:
4097:
4090:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4072:
4069:
4065:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4048:Time-telling
4046:
4039:
4035:
4032:
4028:
4023:
4019:
4018:
4016:
4012:
4009:
4005:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3946:
3943:
3939:
3938:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3920:
3916:
3915:
3911:
3906:
3902:
3899:
3895:
3892:
3888:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3872:
3871:
3869:
3865:
3858:
3854:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3840:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3830:
3826:
3823:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3798:
3794:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3780:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3764:
3763:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3727:
3724:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3708:
3704:
3703:
3701:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3651:
3648:
3644:
3641:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3627:
3623:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3602:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3591:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3556:
3552:
3549:
3545:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3526:
3523:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3514:
3508:
3501:
3500:Lunar station
3497:
3492:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:Tidal locking
3474:
3471:
3467:
3466:
3464:
3460:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3445:Eclipse cycle
3442:
3439:
3435:
3432:
3431:Solar eclipse
3428:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:Lunar eclipse
3405:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3391:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3372:
3368:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3301:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3281:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:Gravity field
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3217:
3213:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3192:
3190:
3185:
3183:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3168:
3167:TLP Detection
3165:
3163:
3160:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3142:
3137:
3135:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3118:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3102:
3101:0-304-35469-4
3098:
3094:
3090:
3089:Patrick Moore
3087:
3083:
3081:0-943396-70-0
3077:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3060:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3032:(1): 98–117.
3031:
3027:
3020:
3013:
3005:
3004:
2999:
2992:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2959:(5765): 438.
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2908:
2900:
2894:
2880:on 2016-06-25
2879:
2875:
2871:
2865:
2857:
2851:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2814:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2791:(2): 97–106.
2790:
2786:
2779:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2709:
2701:
2694:
2685:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2640:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2617:
2614:Harold Hill,
2611:
2604:
2600:
2594:
2587:
2583:
2577:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2495:Harold Hill,
2492:
2485:
2479:
2472:
2469:Harold Hill,
2466:
2464:
2456:
2453:Harold Hill,
2450:
2443:
2437:
2430:
2427:NASA SP-330,
2424:
2422:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2388:
2385:K.E.Chilton,
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2366:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2340:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2321:
2313:
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2301:
2297:
2293:
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2274:
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2258:
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2239:
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2224:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2197:
2188:
2181:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2119:
2115:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2068:
2064:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2037:
2030:
2025:
2018:
2015:V.A.Firsoff,
2012:
2005:
1999:
1992:
1989:Harold Hill,
1986:
1979:
1973:
1966:
1960:
1953:
1947:
1940:
1937:Harold Hill,
1934:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1890:V.A.Firsoff,
1887:
1880:
1874:
1867:
1861:
1854:
1848:
1841:
1835:
1833:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1808:
1805:V.A.Firsoff,
1802:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1782:
1776:
1769:
1766:V.A.Firsoff,
1763:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1750:, 46:49, 1882
1749:
1743:
1736:
1732:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1687:
1685:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1657:
1650:
1644:
1637:
1634:Harold Hill,
1631:
1629:
1627:
1619:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1593:
1589:
1583:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1561:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1539:
1533:
1524:
1517:
1511:
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1499:
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1463:
1458:
1454:
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1446:
1442:
1438:
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1424:
1420:
1414:
1412:
1395:
1388:
1384:
1378:
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1371:
1369:
1368:
1357:
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1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1285:Harold Hill:
1284:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1267:
1263:
1260:
1256:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1224:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1179:
1177:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1159:triboelectric
1156:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:electrostatic
1132:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1094:Impact events
1091:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1068:
1066:
1055:
1044:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1014:Patrick Moore
1012:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
990:
986:
982:
979:
978:
975:No date given
968:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
946:
937:
933:
929:
926:
922:
919:
915:
912:
908:
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900:
896:
893:
889:
885:
884:
875:
871:
868:
864:
860:
856:
853:
849:
845:
841:
840:
831:
826:
822:
819:
815:
811:
807:
804:
800:
797:
793:
790:
786:
783:
779:
775:
774:Patrick Moore
771:
768:
765:
761:
758:
754:
753:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
716:
715:
706:
702:
699:
695:
684:
680:
676:
672:
669:
665:
662:
658:
655:
651:
647:
644:
640:
639:Patrick Moore
636:
633:
629:
626:
622:
618:
615:
611:
607:
606:
597:
593:
590:
586:
582:
579:
575:
571:
568:
564:
560:
557:
553:
550:
546:
542:
539:
535:
531:
527:
524:
520:
516:
513:
509:
508:Patrick Moore
505:
502:
498:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
475:
472:
468:
464:
461:
457:
453:
449:
446:
442:
439:
435:
431:
428:
424:
421:
417:
413:
412:
403:
399:
395:
391:
388:
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380:
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369:
365:
362:
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354:
351:
347:
344:
340:
336:
333:
329:
326:
322:
318:
314:
311:
307:
303:
300:
296:
292:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
270:
266:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:
241:
238:
234:
231:
228:In 1790, Sir
227:
224:
220:
216:
213:
209:
205:
202:
198:
195:
191:
187:
182:
178:
174:
170:
169:
160:
156:
152:
148:
144:
139:
133:
129:
128:
122:
119:
117:
106:
104:
103:geologic time
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
75:
73:
69:
68:Patrick Moore
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
41:
40:Patrick Moore
37:
32:
19:
4520:
4515:Solar System
4273:Lunar effect
4089:Nodal period
4015:Colonization
3829:Lunar theory
3789:
3522:Selenography
3362:Nodal period
3155:
3154:
3145:. Retrieved
3092:
3065:
3055:
3054:
3029:
3025:
3012:
3001:
2991:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2917:
2913:
2907:
2893:
2882:. Retrieved
2878:the original
2873:
2864:
2850:
2838:. Retrieved
2834:the original
2788:
2784:
2778:
2770:the original
2759:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2693:
2666:
2662:
2652:
2644:
2639:
2631:
2615:
2610:
2602:
2601:, Volume 1:
2598:
2593:
2585:
2584:, Volume 1:
2581:
2576:
2566:February 13,
2564:. Retrieved
2557:the original
2552:
2539:
2514:
2510:
2504:
2496:
2491:
2483:
2478:
2470:
2454:
2449:
2441:
2436:
2428:
2410:21 September
2408:. Retrieved
2403:
2394:
2386:
2364:
2359:
2351:
2347:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2295:
2291:
2285:
2260:
2256:
2250:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2206:
2202:
2196:
2187:
2179:
2174:
2157:
2153:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2091:
2087:
2079:
2075:
2050:
2046:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2016:
2011:
2003:
1998:
1990:
1985:
1977:
1972:
1964:
1959:
1951:
1946:
1938:
1933:
1925:
1920:
1912:
1907:
1899:
1898:, Volume 1:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1878:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1852:
1847:
1839:
1823:
1822:, Volume 1:
1819:
1814:
1806:
1780:
1775:
1767:
1747:
1742:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1717:
1712:
1704:
1699:
1691:
1666:
1662:
1656:
1648:
1643:
1635:
1617:
1612:
1604:
1599:
1591:
1590:, Volume 1:
1587:
1582:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1523:
1515:
1510:
1498:
1485:
1471:
1444:
1440:
1430:
1398:. Retrieved
1393:
1366:
1365:
1351:Selenography
1340:Project A119
1330:Lunar swirls
1300:
1293:
1286:
1279:
1272:
1265:
1258:
1251:
1250:, Volume 1:
1247:
1240:
1233:
1205:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1172:
1137:
1097:
1069:
1061:
1053:
1050:Explanations
1018:Fracastorius
995:
962:polarization
887:
859:Ronald Evans
818:Eratosthenes
777:
750:
747:Zdeněk Kopal
683:spectrometer
668:Mare Crisium
632:Eratosthenes
584:
556:Eratosthenes
500:
489:
485:
455:
415:
401:
393:
385:from crater
382:
287:
280:Linné crater
223:Mare Imbrium
212:Montes Alpes
200:
159:Mare Imbrium
147:meteor storm
136:
120:
112:
92:
76:
71:
59:
55:
51:
47:
45:
4503:Outer space
4491:Spaceflight
4382:Moon Treaty
4366:Hollow Moon
4308:Moon rabbit
4280:Earth phase
4082:Lunar month
3969:Exploration
3913:Experiments
3815:Observation
3677:Ray systems
3542:Hemispheres
3510:Surface and
3491:Tidal range
3470:Tidal force
3273:Sodium tail
3257:Hill sphere
3093:On the Moon
2263:: 481–500.
1669:: 109–110.
1603:K.Bispham,
1441:Meteoritics
1400:26 December
1114:and NASA's
1083:Aristarchus
1065:lunar maria
932:Lichtenberg
842:During the
823:During the
698:Alpetragius
610:Lichtenberg
578:Lichtenberg
519:Lichtenberg
478:Aristarchus
467:William Maw
321:Aristarchus
258:Lichtenberg
4527:Categories
4352:Apollo era
4294:Pareidolia
4052:navigation
3774:Sputtering
3654:Lava tubes
3576:South pole
3569:North pole
3529:Terminator
3371:Precession
3287:Earthshine
3243:Atmosphere
3236:Topography
3221:properties
3147:2007-06-28
2884:2009-12-25
2840:31 October
2647:, page 142
2634:, page 309
2618:, page 234
2605:, page 162
2597:T.W.Webb,
2588:, page 118
2580:T.W.Webb,
2473:, page 232
2236:(5): 291.
2019:, page 182
2006:, page 292
1967:, page 309
1954:, page 201
1902:, page 163
1855:, page 203
1826:, page 161
1818:T.W.Webb,
1809:, page 183
1770:, page 185
1737:, page 183
1694:, page 289
1647:T.W.Webb:
1594:, page 113
1586:T.W.Webb,
1562:: 401–408.
1362:References
1324:Lunar soil
1227:Literature
1221:dispersion
1163:terminator
1152:radiogenic
1148:solar wind
1120:Clementine
1058:Outgassing
1025:Timocharis
925:Peirescius
907:Torricelli
796:Posidonius
654:Theophilus
585:Cobra-Head
486:Molesworth
445:Max Valier
438:Posidonius
427:Theaetetus
420:Posidonius
402:terminator
398:Posidonius
237:Posidonius
181:George III
132:Canterbury
95:outgassing
88:hypotheses
4467:Astronomy
4100:Fortnight
3992:Explorers
3949:Apollo 17
3942:Apollo 11
3905:Volcanism
3875:Timescale
3822:Libration
3610:Mountains
3548:Near side
3454:Supermoon
3394:Full moon
3348:Libration
3280:Moonlight
3003:Space.com
2499:, page 60
2431:, P.28–29
2298:(5): 28.
1993:, page 94
1941:, page 48
1868:, blz 353
1842:, blz 354
1720:, blz 159
1707:, blz 356
1638:, page 94
1620:, blz 352
1394:Astrosurf
1216:libration
994:J.Adams (
943:1991–2000
899:Furnerius
888:Nasmyth A
881:1981–1990
863:Apollo 17
844:Apollo 17
837:1971–1980
825:Apollo 11
784:'s floor.
738:evidence.
731:Willy Ley
712:1961–1970
705:Schickard
661:Herodotus
643:Helmholtz
637:In 1954,
603:1951–1960
596:Herodotus
574:Philolaus
545:Schickard
512:Schickard
456:eruptions
409:1901–1950
361:Herodotus
325:Herodotus
247:1801–1900
166:1701–1800
4439:Category
4234:Moonrise
4167:Crescent
4107:Sennight
4022:Moonbase
3978:Missions
3647:Calderas
3555:Far side
3513:features
3401:Eclipses
3387:New moon
3332:Distance
3219:Physical
3130:Archived
2813:56434645
2743:17093445
1308:See also
1210:and the
1003:surface.
852:Grimaldi
782:Gassendi
567:AA shell
534:Hansteen
484:and (?)
387:Schröter
343:Hercules
338:terrier.
194:sunspots
125:Pre 1700
4453:Portals
4258:Related
4248:Moonset
4031:Tourism
4008:Landing
3868:Geology
3807:Science
3663:Craters
3626:Valleys
3212:Outline
3125:NASA –
3034:Bibcode
2983:4319685
2961:Bibcode
2922:Bibcode
2901:. 2006.
2793:Bibcode
2751:7679109
2723:Bibcode
2671:Bibcode
2519:Bibcode
2335:Bibcode
2300:Bibcode
2265:Bibcode
2238:Bibcode
2211:Bibcode
2162:Bibcode
2114:Bibcode
2055:Bibcode
1913:Science
1671:Bibcode
1449:Bibcode
1108:SMART-1
985:Agrippa
892:Nasmyth
813:again".
460:Eimmart
350:Cassini
269:Carlini
172:crater.
4216:Tetrad
4132:Phases
4001:Probes
3836:Origin
3783:Quakes
3716:Rilles
3707:swirls
3422:Tetrad
3380:Syzygy
3099:
3078:
3026:Icarus
2981:
2953:Nature
2914:Icarus
2811:
2749:
2741:
2715:Nature
2511:Icarus
2406:. NASA
2257:Icarus
1479:. BBC.
1396:. NASA
1116:LCROSS
1087:Kepler
1043:Cichus
1036:Reiner
958:albedo
830:Bochum
789:Parrot
621:Pallas
372:Thales
4479:Stars
4195:Black
4181:Blood
4158:Names
4136:names
4075:Month
3926:ALSEP
3898:KREEP
3850:Theia
3753:Water
3730:Rocks
3640:Domes
3594:Maria
3563:Poles
3355:Nodes
3309:Orbit
3022:(PDF)
2979:S2CID
2809:S2CID
2747:S2CID
2560:(PDF)
2549:(PDF)
1390:(PDF)
1193:event
1189:place
1079:radon
1008:Young
1000:Plato
989:Godin
918:Kirch
874:Linné
810:Gauss
778:wedge
689:and C
563:Plato
490:1931?
471:South
383:steam
332:Plato
310:Plato
219:Plato
190:Padua
54:) or
4345:list
4202:Dark
4188:Blue
4151:Full
4050:and
3700:Soil
3670:List
3601:List
3583:Face
3536:Limb
3463:Tide
3203:Moon
3097:ISBN
3076:ISBN
2842:2007
2739:PMID
2568:2022
2412:2023
1402:2015
1085:and
987:and
970:gas.
960:and
323:and
299:Kant
221:and
157:and
97:and
64:Moon
38:and
4209:Wet
4144:New
4134:and
3072:363
3042:doi
3030:146
2969:doi
2957:285
2930:doi
2801:doi
2731:doi
2719:444
2679:doi
2667:110
2527:doi
2515:146
2308:doi
2296:212
2273:doi
2234:111
2158:123
2063:doi
1457:doi
1150:or
934:in
909:in
861:of
612:in
587:of
521:in
260:in
60:LTP
52:TLP
4529::
3091:,
3074:.
3040:.
3028:.
3024:.
3000:.
2977:.
2967:.
2955:.
2951:.
2928:.
2918:82
2916:.
2872:.
2821:^
2807:.
2799:.
2789:93
2787:.
2745:.
2737:.
2729:.
2717:.
2677:.
2665:.
2661:.
2623:^
2551:.
2525:.
2513:.
2462:^
2420:^
2402:.
2372:^
2331:27
2329:.
2306:.
2294:.
2271:.
2259:.
2232:.
2207:35
2205:.
2156:.
2152:.
2136:57
2134:,
2110:26
2108:.
2061:.
2051:71
2049:.
2045:.
1831:^
1788:^
1755:^
1683:^
1665:.
1625:^
1568:^
1558:.
1455:.
1445:11
1443:.
1439:.
1421:.
1410:^
1392:.
1374:^
118:.
46:A
4455::
4392:"
4388:"
3195:e
3188:t
3181:v
3150:.
3103:.
3084:.
3048:.
3044::
3036::
3006:.
2985:.
2971::
2963::
2936:.
2932::
2924::
2887:.
2844:.
2815:.
2803::
2795::
2753:.
2733::
2725::
2687:.
2681::
2673::
2570:.
2533:.
2529::
2521::
2414:.
2341:.
2337::
2314:.
2310::
2302::
2279:.
2275::
2267::
2261:2
2244:.
2240::
2217:.
2213::
2168:.
2164::
2120:.
2116::
2069:.
2065::
2057::
1677:.
1673::
1667:5
1560:9
1465:.
1459::
1451::
1404:.
927:.
920:.
913:.
791:.
766:.
707:.
700:.
691:3
687:2
670:.
656:.
645:.
598:.
580:.
558:.
540:.
488:(
473:.
462:.
440:.
429:.
422:.
389:.
363:.
352:.
312:.
225:.
58:(
50:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
