Transcendental Meditation

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differential effects. Comparatively strong effects for TM...were found in reducing negative emotions, trait anxiety, and neuroticism and being helpful in learning and memory and in self-realization...For mindfulness meditation, such comparatively strong effects were identified in reducing negative personality traits, reducing stress, and improving attention and mindfulness...(other meditation techniques) yielded a comparatively large effect in the category of cognition...TM yielded noticeably larger effects than mindfulness meditation for the categories negative emotions, neuroticism, trait anxiety, learning and memory, and self-realization. The opposite results were found for negative personality traits and self-concept, where the effects of mindfulness meditation were larger...For most of the specific categories that could be analyzed, we found quite a variation in effects. These results indicate that different approaches to meditation might have differential effects. To date, it is difficult, however, to deduce any consistent differences therefrom

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the Transcendental Meditation practitioner transcends all mental activity and experiences the 'source of thought', which is said to be pure silence, 'pure awareness' or 'transcendental Being', 'the ultimate reality of life'. TM is sometimes self described as a technology of consciousness. According to author Michael Phelan, "The fundamental premise of the psychology of fulfillment is that within every person exists a seemingly inexhaustible center of energy, intelligence, and satisfaction... To the extent that our behavior depends on the degree of energy and intelligence available to us, this center of pure creative intelligence may be described as that resource which gives direction to all that we experience, think and do."

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experienced through Transcendental Meditation, and that those who meditate regularly over time could become aware of cosmic consciousness. An indication of cosmic consciousness is "ever present wakefulness" present even during sleep. Research on long-term TM practitioners experiencing what they describe as cosmic consciousness, has identified unique EEG profiles, muscle tone measurements, and REM indicators that suggest physiological parameters for this self described state of consciousness. However, the Cambridge Handbook of Consciousness notes that it is premature to say that the EEG coherence found in TM is an indication of a higher state of consciousness.

2076:"Although one can identify the Maharishi's philosophical tradition, its teachings are in no way binding on TM practitioners. There is no public worship, no code of ethics, no scriptures to be studied, and no rites of passage that are observed, such as dietary laws, giving to the poor, or pilgrimages. In particular, there is no real TM community: practitioners do not characteristically meet together for public worship, but simply recite the mantra, as they have been taught it, not as religious obligation, but simply as a technique to benefit themselves, their surroundings and the wider world." 131:

started in India in 1955 and went international in 1958 which promoted Transcendental Meditation. These factors, coupled with endorsements by celebrities who practiced TM and claims that scientific research had validated the technique, helped to popularize TM in the 1960s and 1970s. By the late 2000s, TM had been taught to millions of individuals and the Maharishi was overseeing a large multinational movement. Despite organizational changes and the addition of advanced meditative techniques in the 1970s, the Transcendental Meditation technique has remained relatively unchanged.

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seven-step course, and fees vary from country to country. Beginning in 1965, the Transcendental Meditation technique has been incorporated into selected schools, universities, corporations, and prison programs in the US, Latin America, Europe, and India. In 1977 a US district court ruled that a curriculum in TM and the Science of Creative Intelligence (SCI) being taught in some New Jersey schools was religious in nature and in violation of the

246:), and a satellite television channel (Maharishi Channel). During its 50-year history, its products and services have been offered through a variety of organizations, which are primarily nonprofit and educational. These include the Spiritual Regeneration Movement, the International Meditation Society, World Plan Executive Council, Maharishi Vedic Education Development Corporation, Transcendental Meditation for Women, the 81:(known honorifically as Guru Dev), the Maharishi taught thousands of people during a series of world tours from 1958 to 1965, expressing his teachings in spiritual and religious terms. TM became more popular in the 1960s and 1970s as the Maharishi shifted to a more secular presentation, and his meditation technique was practiced by celebrities, most prominently members of 270:. Additional sources contend that TM and its movement are not a cult. Participants in TM programs are not required to adopt a belief system; it is practiced by atheists, agnostics and people from a variety of religious affiliations. The organization has been the subject of controversies that includes being labelled a 1021:

do not differ in their overall effects. For most of the specific categories that could be analyzed, we found quite a variation in effects. These results indicate that different approaches to meditation might have differential effects. To date, it is difficult, however, to deduce any consistent differences therefrom.

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The global analysis yielded quite comparable effects for TM, mindfulness meditation, and the other meditation procedures...So, it seems that the three categories we identified for the sake of comparison, TM, mindfulness meditation, and the heterogeneous category we termed other meditation techniques,

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Maharishi Mahesh Yogi claimed that the quality of life would noticeably improve if at least the square root of one per cent (1%) of the population practised the Transcendental Meditation technique. This is known as the "Maharishi effect" and according to the Maharishi, it was perceived in 1974 after

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determined that although SCI/TM is not a theistic religion, it deals with issues of ultimate concern, truth, and other ideas analogous to those in well-recognized religions. Maharishi biographer Paul Mason suggests that the scientific terminology used in SCI was developed by the Maharishi as part of

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Maharishi Mahesh Yogi says that, over time, through the practice of the TM technique, the conscious mind gains familiarity with deeper levels of the mind, bringing the subconscious mind within the capacity of the conscious mind, resulting in expanded awareness in daily activity. He also teaches that

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A 2012 review found that Transcendental Meditation performed no better overall than other meditation techniques. The authors' analysis of a subset of these studies, those that studied specific categories of outcome, found that TM might perform better in reducing negative emotions, trait anxiety, and

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The Transcendental Meditation movement consists of the programs and organizations connected with the Transcendental Meditation technique and founded by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi. Transcendental Meditation was first taught in the 1950s in India and has continued since the Maharishi's death in 2008. The

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The public presentation of the TM technique over its 50-year history has been praised for its high visibility in the mass media and effective global propagation, and criticized for using celebrity and scientific endorsements as a marketing tool. Also, advanced courses supplement the TM technique and

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for 15–20 minutes twice per day while sitting with the eyes closed. It is reported to be one of the most widely practiced, and among the most widely researched, meditation techniques, with hundreds of published research studies. The technique is made available worldwide by certified TM teachers in a

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The Maharishi proclaimed 1981 as the Year of Vedic Science. It is based on the Maharishi's interpretation of ancient Vedic texts and includes subjective technologies like the Transcendental Meditation technique and the TM-Sidhi program plus programs like Maharishi Sthapatya Veda (MSV) and Maharishi

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A thorough comparison of the three kinds of meditation was difficult, due in part to the small number of studies that used a given category of dependent measure. Again, we only included results that could be calculated from at least three studies. On the basis of these data...there might indeed be

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In 1961, the Maharishi created the "International Meditation Society for the Science of Creative Intelligence". In 1971 the Maharishi inaugurated "Maharishi's Year of Science of Creative Intelligence" and described SCI as the connection of "modern science with ancient Vedic science". Author Philip

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The TM movement also operates a worldwide network of Transcendental Meditation teaching centers, schools, universities, health centers, herbal supplements, solar panel, and home financing companies, plus several TM-centered communities. The global organization is reported to have an estimated net

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that he called Transcendental Deep Meditation and later renamed Transcendental Meditation. The Maharishi initiated thousands of people, then developed a TM teacher training program as a way to accelerate the rate of bringing the technique to more people. He also inaugurated a series of tours that

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including Yogic Flying, the Maharishi proposed that the square root of 1 per cent of the population (around 6325 people, the square root of 40 million (1% of the global population of about 4 billion people in 1974)) practicing this advanced program together at the same time and in the same place

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Author Ted Karam claims that there have been numerous studies on the Maharishi effect including a gathering of over 4,000 people (just under two thirds of the square root of 1% of the population as of 1974) in Washington, D.C. in the summer of 1993. The effect has been examined in 42 scientific

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of the psychological impact of meditation found that Transcendental Meditation had a comparable overall effectiveness to other meditation techniques in improving general wellbeing, but might have distinctive effects on specific psychological variables. A 2017 overview of systematic reviews and

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Among the first organizations to promote TM were the Spiritual Regeneration Movement and the International Meditation Society. In modern times, the movement has grown to encompass schools and universities that teach the practice, and includes many associated programs based on the Maharishi's

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According to the Maharishi, there are seven levels of consciousness: (i) deep sleep; (ii) dreaming; (iii) waking; (iv) transcendental consciousness; (v) cosmic consciousness; (vi) God consciousness; and, (vii) unity consciousness. The Maharishi says that transcendental consciousness can be

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or sound, and is practiced for 15–20 minutes twice per day. It is taught by certified teachers through a standard course of instruction, which costs a fee that varies by country. According to the Transcendental Meditation movement, it is a non-religious method that promotes relaxed

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program, the unveiling of which created media controversy and a time of crisis for the movement’s image. In 2014, a meta-analysis of research found insufficient evidence that meditation such as TM "had an effect on any of the psychological stress and well-being outcomes".

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Goldberg describes it as Vedanta philosophy that has been translated into scientific language. A series of international symposiums on the Science of Creative Intelligence were held between 1970 and 1973 and were attended by scientists and "leading thinkers", including

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Analysis: Practice of requiring probationers to take lessons in transcendental meditation sparks religious controversy, NPR All Things Considered, 1 February 2002 | ROBERT SIEGEL "TM's five million adherents claim that it eliminates chronic health problems and reduces

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Hannaford, Alex (27 December 2010). "Mantra with a mission; Feature Om or ominous? The maverick film director David Lynch wants to bring Transcendental Meditation to our classrooms, and believes in 'yogic flying'. Can he get it off the ground?". The Sunday Times

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a restructuring of his philosophies in terms that would gain greater acceptance and increase the number of people starting the TM technique. He says that this change toward a more academic language was welcomed by many of the Maharishi's American students.

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Maharishi Mahesh Yogi - Transcendental Meditation founder's grand plan for peace, The Columbian (Vancouver, WA), 19 February 2006 | ARTHUR MAX Associated Press writer "transcendental meditation, a movement that claims 6 million practitioners since it was

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Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, Spiritual Leader Dies, New York Times, By LILY KOPPEL, Published: 6 February 2008 "Since the technique's inception in 1955, the organization says, it has been used to train more than 40,000 teachers, taught more than five million

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Lyster, Samantha (21 October 2000) Samantha Lyster finds herself in holistic heaven with new-found happiness and tranquillity after learning the art of transcendental meditation, The Birmingham Post (England), "TM is not a religion, a cult or a

2253:"Time magazine in 1975 estimated that the U.S. total had risen to 600,000 augmented by half that number elsewhere" = "Annual Growth in TM Initiations in the U.S. Cumulative total at the End of Each Year: 1977, 919,300" 1514:

Mizroch, Amir (23 July 2006). "Forget the F-16s, Israel needs more Yogic Flyers to beat Hizbullah: 30-strong TM group, sole guests at Nof Ginnosar Hotel, say they need another 235 colleagues to make the country safe".

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The Transcendental Meditation technique has been described as both religious and non-religious, as an aspect of a new religious movement, as rooted in Hinduism, and as a non-religious practice for self-development.

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Our review finds that the mantra meditation programs do not appear to improve any of the psychological stress and well-being outcomes we examined, but the strength of this evidence varies from low to insufficient.

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Meditation a magic bullet for high blood pressure – study, Sunday Tribune (South Africa), (27 January 2008) "More than five million people have learned the technique worldwide, including 60,000 in South

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Sedlmeier, Peter; Eberth, Juliane; Schwarz, Marcus; Zimmerman, Doreen; Haarig, Frederik; Jaeger, Sonia; Kunze, Sonja; et al. (May 2012). "The Psychological Effects of Meditation: A Meta-Analysis".

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Sedlmeier, Peter; Eberth, Juliane; Schwarz, Marcus; Zimmerman, Doreen; Haarig, Frederik; Jaeger, Sonia; Kunze, Sonja; et al. (May 2012). "The Psychological Effects of Meditation: A Meta-Analysis".

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meta-analyses indicates TM practice may lower blood pressure, an effect comparable with other health interventions. Because of a potential for bias and conflicting findings more research is needed.

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Schmidt-Wilk, Jane; Heston, Dennis; Steigard, David (2000). "Higher education for higher consciousness Maharishi University of Management as a model for spirituality in management education".

238:, and a system of building and architecture called Maharishi Sthapatya Ved. The TM movement's past and present media endeavors include a publishing company (MUM Press), a television station ( 685:, it emphasizes the role of consciousness, and gives importance to positive emotions. Maharishi Ayurveda has been variously characterized as emerging from, and consistently reflecting, the 2326:

Martin Hodgson, The Guardian (5 February 2008) "He transformed his interpretations of ancient scripture into a multimillion-dollar global empire with more than 5m followers worldwide"

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Harrison, Shirley (1990). Cults: The Battle for God. Kent: Christopher Helm. pp. 93–103 "none of the other 'cultic qualities' defined by cult watchers can be fairly attributed to TM."

388:, but performs more poorly in reducing negative personality traits, reducing stress, improving attention and mindfulness and cognition, in comparison with other meditation approaches. 2824: 4367:

CALAMAI, PETER (9 October 2004). "Stop the bleeping pseudoscience; Quantum physics film drowns in its own bunk science High point in What The Bleep is stunning animation sequence".

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Bai, Z; Chang, J; Chen, C; Li, P; Yang, K; Chi, I (February 2015). "Investigating the effect of transcendental meditation on blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis".

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Goyal M, Singh S, Sibinga EM, Gould NF, Rowland-Seymour A, Sharma R, Berger Z, Sleicher D, Maron DD, Shihab HM, Ranasinghe PD, Linn S, Saha S, Bass EB, Haythornthwaite JA (2014).

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learn SCI principles such as "the nature of life is to grow" and "order is present everywhere". SCI is reported to be part of the curriculum of TM related lower schools in Iowa,

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Programs include the Transcendental Meditation technique, an advanced meditation practice called the TM-Sidhi program ("Yogic Flying"), an alternative health care program called

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Ooi, Soo Liang; Giovino, Melisa; Pak, Sok Chean (October 2017). "Transcendental meditation for lowering blood pressure: An overview of systematic reviews and meta-analyses".

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Stephanie van den Berg, Sydney Morning Herald, Beatles guru Maharishi Mahesh Yogi dies, (7 February 2008) "the TM movement, which has some five million followers worldwide"

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and a reduction in global terrorism, US inflation and crime rates to the Maharishi effect. The Maharishi effect has been endorsed by the former President of Mozambique

592:, and say that they are "laced with parables and metaphysical postulates, rather than anything that can be recognized as conventional science". In 1979, the court case 1488: 93:

had grown to include educational programs, health products, and related services. Following the Maharishi's death in 2008, leadership of the TM organization passed to

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Vedic Astrology (MVA) services which apply Vedic science to day-to-day living. Vedic science studies the various aspects of life and their relationship to the Veda.

580:, a professor of religious studies, describes the TM teachings as "pseudoscientific language that masks its religious nature by mythologizing science". Sociologists 2626:

Dawson, Lorne L. (2003) Blackwell Publishing, Cults and New Religious Movements, Chapter 3: Three Types of New Religious Movement by Roy Wallis (1984), page 44-48

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The theoretical part of SCI is taught in a 33-lesson video course. In the early 1970s, the SCI course was offered at more than 25 American universities including

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This lawsuit was the most significant setback for TM in the United States ... Since then TM has made a comeback of sorts with some governmental sponsorship

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Maharishi Mahesh Yogi and Fuller, Buckminster (1971) Maharishi Channel Maharishi and Buckminster Fuller Press Conference YouTube, retrieved September 24, 2012

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Brook RD, Appel LJ, Rubenfire M, Ogedegbe G, Bisognano JD, Elliott WJ, Fuchs FD, Hughes JW, Lackland DT, Staffileno BA, Townsend RR, Rajagopalan S (2013).

721: 556:. Price says instruction in the Transcendental Meditation technique is "never offered without indoctrination into the metaphysics of 'creative intelligence 3973: 4749: 3506: 4884: 646:. Randi says that he investigated comments made by former Maharishi International University faculty member Robert Rabinoff in 1978. He spoke to the 266:, a millenarian movement, a world affirming movement, a new social movement, a guru-centered movement, a personal growth movement, a religion, and a 148: 126:

and continued beyond his death in 2008. In 1955, "the Maharishi began publicly teaching a traditional meditation technique" learned from his master

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By 2004, the US government had given more than $ 20 million to Maharishi International University to study the effect of meditation on health.

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Chief of Police who said local crime levels were the same and the regional Agriculture Department who reportedly deemed that farm yields for

3211:"Beyond medications and diet: alternative approaches to lowering blood pressure: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association" 399:, although other interventions such as exercise and device-guided breathing were more effective and better supported by clinical evidence. 1638: 186:

of the United States Constitution. The technique has since been included in a number of educational and social programs around the world.

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Holley, David (5 June 1986). "Eclectic TV KSCI's Programming in 14 Languages Offers News, Entertainment, Comfort to Ethnic Communities".

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Maharishi University ... has received more than $ 20 million in government support to date to explore the health benefits of meditation.

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By my latest count, there have been 340 per-reviewed articles published on TM, many of which have appeared in highly respected journals.

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Christian Blatter, Donald McCown, Diane Reibel, Marc S. Micozzi, (2010) Springer Science+Business Media, Teaching Mindfulness, Page 47

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Bainbridge, William Sims (1997) Routledge, The Sociology of Religious Movements, page 189 "the million people who had been initiated"

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organization was estimated to have 900,000 participants worldwide in 1977, a million by the 1980s, and 5 million in more recent years.

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Williams, Patrick Gresham (2000) The Spiritual Recovery Manual: Vedic Knowledge and Yogic Techniques to Accelerate Recovery, page 202

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deFiebre, Conrad (7 October 1994). "Meditation touted as crime-fighter // Study presented builds the case for 'Maharishi effect'".

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The Physical and Psychological Effects of Meditation: A review of Contemporary Research with a Comprehensive Bibliography 1931–1996

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Humes, Cynthia A (2005). "Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: Beyond the T.M. Technique". In Forsthoefel, Thomas A; Humes, Cynthia Ann (eds.).

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Krisanaprakornkit T, Krisanaprakornkit W, Piyavhatkul N, Laopaiboon M (January 2006). "Meditation therapy for anxiety disorders".

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There is no good evidence that TM reduces anxiety, or has any beneficial effect on forms of psychological stress or well-being.

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Aghiorgoussis, Maximos (Spring 1999). "The challenge of metaphysical experiences outside Orthodoxy and the Orthodox response".

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Humes, C.A. (2005). "Maharishi Mahesh Yogi: Beyond the T.M. Technique". In Forsthoefel, Thomas A.; Humes, Cynthia Ann (eds.).

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Transcendental Meditation (TM), a concentrative technique ... has been the most extensively studied meditation technique.

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upheld the federal ruling that TM was essentially "religious in nature" and therefore could not be taught in public schools.

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Irwin, T. K. (8 October 1972). "What's New in Science: Transcendental Meditation: Medical Miracle or 'Another Kooky Fad'".

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Calo, Zachary (2008). "Chapter 4: The Internationalization of Church-State Issues". In Duncan, Ann; Jones, Steven (eds.).

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Proponents of the program denied that Transcendental Meditation was a religion; the Third Circuit concluded that it was.

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Phelan, Michael (July–September 1979). "Transcendental Meditation. A Revitalization of the American Civil Religion".

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3.5 billion. The TM movement has been characterized in a variety of ways and has been called a spiritual movement, a

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Schrodt, Phillip A. (1990). "A methodological critique of a test of the Maharishi technology of the unified field".

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Kroll, Una (1974) John Knox Press, The Healing Potential of Transcendental Meditation, chapter 1: The Guru, pp 17-25

3988:"James Randi Educational Foundation — An Encyclopedia of Claims, Frauds, and Hoaxes of the Occult and Supernatural" 864: 1933: 3605:

Johnson, Benton (1992). "On Founders and Followers: Some Factors in the Development of New Religious Movements".

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Liebler, Nancy and Moss, Nancy (2009) Healing Depression the Mind-Body Way: Creating Happiness with Meditation

1735:"Longevity Potential Life Span and Health Span Enhancement through Practice of the Basic Yoga Meditation Regimen" 1567:

Lansky, Ephraim; St Louis, Erik (November 2006). "Transcendental meditation: a double-edged sword in epilepsy?".

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DePalma, Anthony (29 April 1992). "University's Degree Comes With a Heavy Dose of Meditation (and Skepticism)".

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For a brief history of traditional ayurveda, and selected translations from the original Sanskrit sources, see

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The Transcendental Meditation program and the Transcendental Meditation movement originated with their founder

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Maharishi began teaching the technique in India in the mid-1950s. Building on the teachings of his master, the

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It is understood in terms of the reduction of stress and the charging of one's mental and physical batteries.

1038: 247: 152: 4872: 522: 484:. The following year, the Maharishi developed a World Plan to spread his teaching of SCI around the world. 410:. A trend over time indicates practicing TM may lower blood pressure. Such effects are comparable to other 407: 144: 4161: 895: 626:

As the theories proposed by TM practitioners go beyond modern science, the Maharishi effect still lacks a

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The TM Technique: An Introduction to Transcendental Meditation and the Teachings of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi

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Total Heart Health: How to Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease with the Maharishi Vedic Approach to Health

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Martin Scorsese & Ray Dalio on Creativity, TM & Success | Highlights | David Lynch Foundation

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judge and court are among those who have expressed views on it being religious or non-religious. The

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Jefferson, William (1976). ' 'The Story of The Maharishi' ', pp118-123. Pocket Books, New York, NY.

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TM has its own set of scientists, viewed with skepticism by the mainstream scientific community.

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The Big Fish: Consciousness as Structure, Body and Space. (Consciousness, Literature the Arts)

2571: 2551: 2525: 2114: 2059: 1423: 964: 859: 159:. The successor to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, and leader of the Global Country of World Peace, is 5314: 5147: 5132: 5044: 4979: 4954: 4921: 4878: 3445:"The meeting of meditative disciplines and Western psychology: a mutually enriching dialogue" 2821:"It's used in prisons, large corporations and schools, and it is not considered a religion." 1244: 922: 759: 374: 127: 123: 78: 44: 25: 2413: 1309: 1301: 952: 5406: 5354: 5173: 4984: 3931:

Dhaliwal, Pavan; Ernst, Edzard; Colquhoun, David; Singh, Simon; et al. (12 May 2012).

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would create benefits in society. This was referred to as the "Extended Maharishi Effect".

156: 67: 3720:"What's New in Science: Transcendental Meditation: Medical Miracle or 'Another Kooky Fad'" 3069:"Nick Cave - The Red Hand Files - Issue #69 - How do I stop fearing the end of the world?" 2971:

Clint Eastwood on the benefits the Transcendental Meditation technique has had on his life

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Sharma, Hari (1995), "Maharishi Ayur-VedaAn Ancient Health Paradigm in a Modern World",

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Russell Brand talks about Transcendental Meditation at Operation Warrior Wellness launch

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New Religions: A Guide To New Religious Movements, Sects and Alternative Spiritualities

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Wager, Gregg (11 December 1987). "Musicians Spread the Maharishi's Message of Peace".

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indicated the necessity of further evidence, conducted by researchers without bias.

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Buckley, Stephen (19 March 1993). "This School Offers Readin', 'Ritin' and Mantras".

3802: 3783: 3742: 3665: 3573: 3528: 3464: 3423: 3415: 3352: 3259: 3232: 3187: 3148: 3119: 2810:"Its proponents say it is not a religion or a philosophy."The Guardian 28 March 2009 2718: 2690: 2607: 2577: 2557: 2531: 2511: 2480: 2274: 2228: 2174: 2164: 2163:

Thursby, Gene (1995), "Hare Krishna In America: Growth, Decline, and Accommodation",

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Interpreting the Free Exercise of Religion: The Constitution and American Pluralism

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Olson, Carl (2007) Rutgers University Press, The Many Colors of Hinduism, page 345

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Reverse Heart Disease Now: Stop Deadly Cardiovascular Plaque Before It's Too Late

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Karam, Ted (2005) Jumping on Water: Awaken Your Joy, Empower Your Life, page 137

1580: 1193:"Maharishi's Vedic Science and Technology: The Only Means to Create World Peace" 511:(MUM) required its undergraduate students to take SCI classes, and both MUM and 5520: 5465: 5223: 4959: 3775: 3460: 2655: 1115: 565: 403: 346: 334: 302: 290: 286: 94: 86: 3015: 2995: 2975: 2955: 2935: 2769:

Sunday Herald (Scotland) " the TM movement is not a cult", accessed 2 Feb 2013

5604: 4936: 4582:, Fairfield, Iowa: Maharishi International University Press, pp. 64–66, 1461: 1192: 1123: 1063: 881: 643: 589: 577: 573: 457: 362: 354: 326: 217: 104: 59: 4727: 3444: 3351:. Aldershot, Hampshire, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate. pp. 197–198. 3298:"Transcendental Meditation. A Revitalization of the American Civil Religion" 1246:

Transcendent in America: Hindu-Inspired Meditation Movements as New Religion

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Transcendence: Healing and Transformation Through Transcendental Meditation

5008: 4944: 4916: 4669:

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4571: 4026: 3468: 3313: 3236: 3191: 3152: 3123: 3094:

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Transcendence: Healing and Transformation Through Transcendental Meditation

1862:

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1833:

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Sinatra, Stephen T.; Roberts, James C.; Zucker, Martin (20 December 2007).

1588: 1131: 1071: 1015: 606:

an analysis of crime statistics in 16 cities. With the introduction of the

581: 530: 396: 338: 294: 90: 3901:

Tolley, Claire (12 January 2002). "Children meditate on top class GCSEs".

3031:"Oprah, Ray Dalio and Lady Gaga swear by this simple meditation technique" 2866: 2414:"Welvaert, Brandy, "Vedic homes seek better living through architecture", 2365:

Bickerton, Ian (8 February 2003). "Bank makes an issue of mystic's mint".

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New York: Doubleday (1996); p 66, citing "close to a million" in the USA.

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Fay, Liam (13 June 2004). "Maharishi mob meditates on Limerick's ills".

3689: 2195:"Ivanka Trump's Gurus Say Their Techniques Can End War and Make You Fly" 1936:. Transcendental Meditation: Official website for the UK. Archived from 5470: 5250: 5113: 4969: 4291: 4270:

Fales, Evan; Markovsky, Barry (1997). "Evaluating Heterodox Theories".

3523:

Zelazo, Philip David; Moscovitch, Morris; Thompson, Evan, eds. (2007).

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1937: 1055: 717: 569: 473: 465: 310: 160: 97: 40: 4326: 2301: 1339: 5240: 5228: 5218: 4640:

Bloomfield, Harold H., Cain, Michael Peter, Jaffe, Dennis T. (1975)

3736: 3183: 2738:

Szimhart, Joseph (2019). "A look into the Transcendental Deception".

2682: 1489:"Australian Food Store Offers Transcendental Meditation to Employees" 1486: 1007: 709: 635: 627: 358: 298: 55: 4283: 2507:

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1316: 5293: 4154: 4035:

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Persinger, Michael A.; Carrey, Normand J.; Suess, Lynn A. (1980).

785: 5411: 5386: 5234: 5198: 5014: 3962:"Scientific Creationism and the Science of Creative Intelligence" 3705:

TM:An alphabetical guide to the Transcendental Meditation program

1643:. Laguna Beach, CA: Basic Health Publications. pp. 148–149. 760:"Transcendental Meditation: The Questions of Science and Therapy" 681:

founded in the mid-1980s by Maharishi. Distinct from traditional

4598:

The Roots of Ayurveda: Selections from Sanskrit Medical Writings

3609:. Presidential Address — 1987. Vol. 53, no. –S S1–S13. 3433: 2867:"Die Deutsche Amalgam-Page, SEKTEN – Risiken und Nebenwirkungen" 2140:

Experience of Meditation: Experts Introduce the Major Traditions

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851: 540:

The Science of Creative Intelligence is not science. Theologian

89:. At this time, he began training TM teachers. The worldwide TM 5431: 5401: 5359: 5339: 5260: 5245: 4165: 3168: 2256: 990: 178: 139:

traditions. In the U.S., non-profit organizations included the

49: 3595:

Goldberg, Philip (2011) Harmony Books, American Veda, page 165

2951:

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2931:

Eric Andre Goes Undercover on Reddit, YouTube and Twitter | GQ

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Maharishi Ayurveda or Maharishi Vedic Medicine is a form of

177:

The meditation practice involves the use of a silently-used

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Conquering Chronic Disease Through Maharishi Vedic Medicine

3930: 3823:"MUM catalog for the Department of Maharishi Vedic Science" 3208: 3140:

Meditation Programs for Psychological Stress and Well-Being

2842:"Commission d'enquête sur les sectes – Assemblée nationale" 415: 384:

neuroticism and improving markers of learning, memory, and

314: 271: 267: 243: 239: 3761: 3404:

The Cynical Idealist; A Spiritual Biography of John Lennon

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Some notable figures in pop-culture practicing TM include

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Ospina MB, Bond K, Karkhaneh M, et al. (June 2007).

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4407:

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studies. The TM organisation has linked the fall of the

4406: 2384: 2051: 1672: 1534:. New Delhi. Indo-Asian News Service. 12 February 2008. 792: 47:. The TM technique involves the silent repetition of a 28:, developer of the Transcendental Meditation technique. 3280: 3136: 2708: 2706: 2269:. New Canaan, Connecticut: Keats Publishing. pp. 1668:. Sausalito, California: Institute of Noetic Sciences. 1487:

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1086: 630:. Moreover, the evidence has been said to result from 4715: 4162:"Maharishi Effect – Research on the Maharishi Effect" 4093:. Great Britain: Element Books Limited. p. 210. 2782: 1308:(1st ed.). Garden City N.Y.: Doubleday. p. 1031: 1029: 476:. These symposiums were held at universities such as 4164:. Maharishi University of Management. Archived from 3591: 3589: 2772: 2767:

Meditation: for old hippies or a better way of life?

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Stress management: An integrated approach to therapy

749: 747: 745: 743: 741: 722:

United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit

588:

describe the SCI videotapes as largely based on the

552:), compares the Science of Creative Intelligence to 395:

said that TM could be considered as a treatment for

4617:

Modern and global Ayurveda: Pluralism and Paradigms

4434:"Modern Science and Vedic Science: An Introduction" 3741:(24th ed.). Hauppauge N.Y.; London: Barron's. 3276: 3274: 3272: 3049:"25 Celebrities Who Know Transcendental Meditation" 2703: 2689:. Berkeley, Calif: University of California Press. 2371:

the movement claims to have five million followers,

2285:

claims "more than a million" in the USA and Europe.

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Wiley. p. 192. 1191:Morris, Bevan (1992). 1153:AP (5 February 2008). 995:Psychological Bulletin 951:Dawson, Lorne (2003). 799:Siegel, Aryeh (2018). 497:University of Colorado 264:new religious movement 252:David Lynch Foundation 135:interpretation of the 39:) is a form of silent 29: 5315:Brainwave entrainment 5133:History of meditation 5045:Catching the Big Fish 4955:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 4922:Brahmananda Saraswati 4382:Randi, James (1982). 3607:Sociological Analysis 2553:Understanding mantras 2294:Occhiogrosso, Peter. 1860:Freeman, Lyn (2009). 464:winner in chemistry, 391:A statement from the 128:Brahmananda Saraswati 124:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 79:Brahmananda Saraswati 45:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 26:Maharishi Mahesh Yogi 24: 5355:Higher consciousness 5174:Christian meditation 4089:Mason, Paul (1994). 4001:Sagan, Carl (1997). 3692:on 25 November 2010. 2827:3 March 2016 at the 2801:accessed 25 May 2013 2713:Sagan, Carl (1997). 2173:, pp. 193–195, 2105:Rosenthal, Norman E. 961:Blackwell Publishing 679:alternative medicine 548:(the journal of the 242:), a radio station ( 157:Maharishi Foundation 5572:Meditation and pain 5335:Conscious breathing 5169:Buddhist meditation 4653:Denniston, Denise, 4432:Chandler, Kenneth. 4150:. 15 November 2022. 3888:The Washington Post 3707:. Ballantine Books. 2897:The Washington Post 2448:The Washington Post 1532:The Hindustan Times 1456:. 13 October 1975. 754:Cowan, Douglas E.; 489:Stanford University 276:anti-cult movements 5611:1955 introductions 5452:Focused attention 5224:New Age meditation 5204:Islamic meditation 5052:David Wants to Fly 4932:David Orme-Johnson 4148:The Times of India 3849:The New York Times 3554:Christianity Today 3414:Quest Books, 2009 3410:2014-03-04 at the 3073:The Red Hand Files 3018:on 30 October 2021 2998:on 30 October 2021 2978:on 30 October 2021 2958:on 30 October 2021 2938:on 30 October 2021 2740:Skeptical Inquirer 2418:, (5 August 2005)" 1940:on 10 October 2012 1369:The Times (London) 1056:10.1038/jhh.2015.6 835:Praeger Publishers 770:. pp. 38–58. 667:Maharishi Ayurveda 632:cherry-picked data 454:Buckminster Fuller 434:In his 1963 book, 386:self-actualization 236:Maharishi Ayurveda 30: 5598: 5597: 5536:Stephen Batchelor 5531:Martine Batchelor 5477:Multiple methods 5350:Guided meditation 5214:Jewish meditation 5179:Taoist meditation 5080: 5079: 5064:TM and Cult Mania 5021:Kolleg St. Ludwig 4825:Natural Law Party 4626:978-0-7914-7489-1 4607:978-0-14-044824-5 4589:978-0-923569-02-0 4551:978-1-930051-55-3 4418:978-90-420-2172-3 4168:on 23 August 2000 4130:Los Angeles Times 4071:978-1-85109-863-7 3918:Los Angeles Times 3808:978-0-375-76557-5 3748:978-0-7641-7294-6 3534:978-0-521-85743-7 3428:978-0-8356-0875-6 3358:978-0-7546-3410-2 2656:"A Point of View" 2604:TM and cult mania 2583:978-0-7914-6708-4 2563:978-81-208-0746-4 2537:978-0-415-08326-3 2517:978-0-422-79630-9 2416:Rock Island Argus 2199:thedailybeast.com 2149:978-1-55778-857-3 2124:978-1-58542-873-1 1843:978-1-58542-873-1 1719:978-0-470-22878-4 1692:978-0-380-81595-1 1468:on 5 January 2013 1435:978-0-8264-5959-6 1393:978-0-399-11815-9 1304:The New Religions 1286:978-0-7100-8539-9 934:978-0-8078-6134-9 844:978-0-275-99368-9 810:978-0-9996615-0-5 777:978-1-118-72350-0 756:Bromley, David G. 714:religion scholars 544:, writing in the 527:Wheaton, Maryland 5643: 5588: 5587: 5496:Joseph Goldstein 5107: 5100: 5093: 5084: 5083: 4873:Maharishi School 4752: 4745: 4738: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4719: 4718: 4716:Official website 4630: 4611: 4592: 4574: 4554: 4527: 4522: 4516: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4486: 4480: 4479: 4468: 4462: 4461:, pp. 64–66 4456: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4445: 4429: 4423: 4422: 4404: 4398: 4397: 4379: 4373: 4372: 4364: 4358: 4357: 4345: 4339: 4338: 4302: 4296: 4295: 4267: 4258: 4257: 4237: 4231: 4230: 4214: 4208: 4207: 4199: 4193: 4192: 4184: 4178: 4177: 4175: 4173: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4140: 4134: 4133: 4125: 4119: 4116: 4105: 4104: 4086: 4080: 4079: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4023: 4017: 4016: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3958:Price, Robert M. 3954: 3945: 3944: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3913: 3907: 3906: 3898: 3892: 3891: 3883: 3877: 3876: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3843: 3837: 3836: 3834: 3828:. 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D.01. 3884: 3880: 3869:The Independent 3861: 3857: 3844: 3840: 3835:on 27 May 2010. 3832: 3825: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3809: 3795: 3791: 3760: 3756: 3749: 3735: 3731: 3726:. pp. 8–9. 3716: 3712: 3701: 3697: 3684: 3683: 3679: 3672: 3652:Melton (2003). 3650: 3646: 3641: 3632: 3627: 3623: 3618: 3614: 3603: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3580: 3566: 3562: 3549: 3542: 3535: 3521: 3517: 3509: 3494: 3488: 3484: 3441: 3434: 3412:Wayback Machine 3402:Tillery, Gary, 3400: 3396: 3391: 3387: 3370: 3366: 3359: 3340: 3336: 3325: 3321: 3294: 3290: 3279: 3270: 3248: 3244: 3207: 3203: 3167: 3163: 3135: 3131: 3110:(1): CD004998. 3104: 3100: 3091: 3087: 3077: 3075: 3065: 3058: 3056: 3047: 3046: 3039: 3037: 3027: 3021: 3019: 3008: 3007: 3001: 2999: 2988: 2987: 2981: 2979: 2968: 2967: 2961: 2959: 2948: 2947: 2941: 2939: 2928: 2927: 2920: 2918: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2890: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2871:www.ariplex.com 2865: 2864: 2860: 2850: 2848: 2840: 2839: 2835: 2831:Concord Monitor 2829:Wayback Machine 2820: 2816: 2809: 2805: 2797: 2793: 2787: 2783: 2777: 2773: 2764: 2760: 2755: 2751: 2736: 2732: 2725: 2711: 2704: 2697: 2681: 2674: 2664: 2662: 2652: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2614: 2600: 2591: 2584: 2568: 2564: 2548: 2542: 2538: 2522: 2518: 2502: 2496: 2492: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2439: 2435: 2427: 2420: 2412: 2411: 2407: 2397: 2392: 2385: 2379: 2375: 2367:Financial Times 2363: 2359: 2353: 2349: 2343: 2339: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2315: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2261: 2257: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2221: 2217: 2204: 2202: 2191: 2187: 2181: 2161: 2157: 2150: 2136: 2132: 2125: 2102: 2098: 2084: 2080: 2072: 2056: 2052: 2037: 2033: 2026: 2010: 2006: 1996: 1980: 1976: 1957: 1953: 1943: 1941: 1932: 1931: 1927: 1917: 1915: 1908:"TM Course Fee" 1906: 1905: 1901: 1891: 1889: 1884: 1883: 1879: 1872: 1858: 1854: 1844: 1828: 1824: 1791: 1787: 1761: 1731: 1727: 1720: 1704: 1700: 1693: 1677: 1673: 1662: 1658: 1651: 1635: 1631: 1624: 1608: 1604: 1565: 1561: 1551: 1549: 1544: 1543: 1539: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1512: 1508: 1498: 1496: 1485: 1481: 1471: 1469: 1448: 1447: 1443: 1436: 1420: 1416: 1411:. pp. 8–9. 1405: 1401: 1394: 1380: 1376: 1366: 1365: 1361: 1354: 1338: 1334: 1321: 1317: 1298: 1294: 1287: 1271: 1264: 1257: 1241: 1237: 1222: 1218: 1210: 1195: 1189: 1185: 1170: 1166: 1151: 1147: 1094: 1087: 1034: 1027: 989: 982: 975: 949: 945: 935: 919: 915: 905: 903: 894: 893: 889: 856: 852: 845: 837:. p. 159. 825: 818: 811: 797: 793: 778: 768:Wiley-Blackwell 752: 739: 734: 729: 728: 708: 704: 699: 687:Advaita Vedanta 675: 669: 660: 603: 557: 542:Robert M. Price 518:The Independent 493:Yale University 470:Marshal McLuhan 449: 432: 427: 371: 351:Martin Scorsese 215: 211: 205: 184:First Amendment 175: 169: 120: 114: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5649: 5639: 5638: 5633: 5631:Self religions 5628: 5626:Parapsychology 5623: 5618: 5613: 5596: 5595: 5593: 5592: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5575: 5574: 5568: 5566: 5562: 5561: 5559: 5558: 5550: 5548: 5544: 5543: 5541: 5540: 5539: 5538: 5533: 5528: 5523: 5521:Daniel Goleman 5518: 5513: 5508: 5503: 5498: 5493: 5488: 5483: 5475: 5474: 5473: 5468: 5466:Jon Kabat-Zinn 5460: 5459: 5458: 5449: 5447: 5443: 5442: 5440: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5424: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5374: 5373: 5372: 5362: 5357: 5352: 5347: 5342: 5337: 5332: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5312: 5306: 5304: 5300: 5299: 5297: 5296: 5291: 5283: 5278: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5258: 5253: 5248: 5243: 5238: 5231: 5226: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5201: 5196: 5191: 5186: 5181: 5176: 5171: 5166: 5160: 5158: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5124: 5122: 5118: 5117: 5110: 5109: 5102: 5095: 5087: 5078: 5077: 5075: 5074: 5067: 5060: 5055: 5048: 5040: 5038: 5034: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5024: 5018: 5012: 5006: 4999: 4997: 4993: 4992: 4990: 4989: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4960:Nancy Lonsdorf 4957: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4910: 4908: 4904: 4903: 4901: 4900: 4894: 4888: 4882: 4876: 4870: 4864: 4857: 4855: 4851: 4850: 4848: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4798: 4796: 4795: 4790: 4785: 4780: 4775: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4762: 4755: 4754: 4747: 4740: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4709: 4708:External links 4706: 4705: 4704: 4691: 4678: 4665: 4651: 4636: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4625: 4612: 4606: 4593: 4588: 4575: 4555: 4550: 4535: 4532: 4529: 4528: 4517: 4504: 4492: 4481: 4463: 4451: 4440:on 27 May 2010 4424: 4417: 4399: 4392: 4374: 4359: 4340: 4313:(4): 745–755. 4297: 4278:(2): 511–525. 4259: 4252: 4232: 4209: 4194: 4179: 4153: 4135: 4120: 4106: 4099: 4081: 4070: 4050: 4043: 4018: 4011: 3993: 3979: 3946: 3923: 3908: 3893: 3878: 3855: 3852:. p. B.8. 3838: 3814: 3807: 3789: 3770:(5): 580–611. 3754: 3747: 3729: 3710: 3695: 3677: 3670: 3644: 3630: 3621: 3612: 3597: 3585: 3578: 3560: 3540: 3533: 3515: 3482: 3432: 3394: 3385: 3364: 3357: 3334: 3319: 3308:(48–1): 5–20. 3288: 3268: 3242: 3221:(6): 1360–83. 3201: 3161: 3129: 3098: 3085: 3055:. 1 April 2020 2903: 2883: 2858: 2833: 2814: 2803: 2791: 2781: 2771: 2758: 2749: 2730: 2723: 2702: 2695: 2672: 2646: 2637: 2628: 2619: 2612: 2589: 2582: 2562: 2536: 2516: 2490: 2472: 2454: 2433: 2405: 2383: 2373: 2357: 2347: 2337: 2328: 2319: 2309: 2300: 2287: 2279: 2255: 2234:978-0520057319 2233: 2215: 2185: 2179: 2155: 2148: 2130: 2123: 2096: 2078: 2070: 2050: 2031: 2024: 2004: 1994: 1974: 1951: 1925: 1914:on 23 May 2012 1899: 1886:"How To Learn" 1877: 1870: 1852: 1842: 1822: 1785: 1759: 1725: 1718: 1698: 1691: 1671: 1656: 1649: 1629: 1622: 1602: 1575:(3): 394–400. 1559: 1537: 1522: 1517:Jerusalem Post 1506: 1479: 1441: 1434: 1414: 1399: 1392: 1374: 1359: 1352: 1332: 1315: 1292: 1285: 1262: 1255: 1235: 1216: 1183: 1164: 1145: 1085: 1025: 980: 973: 943: 933: 913: 887: 850: 843: 816: 809: 791: 776: 736: 735: 733: 730: 727: 726: 701: 700: 698: 695: 671:Main article: 668: 665: 659: 656: 602: 599: 566:Astrophysicist 507:. Until 2009, 448: 445: 431: 428: 426: 423: 408:control groups 404:blood pressure 402:TM may reduce 370: 369:Health effects 367: 347:Clint Eastwood 335:Jerry Seinfeld 303:Jennifer Lopez 291:Kendall Jenner 287:the Beach Boys 278:in the world. 207:Main article: 204: 201: 171:Main article: 168: 165: 116:Main article: 113: 110: 95:neuroscientist 87:the Beach Boys 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5648: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5591: 5583: 5582: 5579: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5567: 5563: 5557: 5556: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5545: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5497: 5494: 5492: 5489: 5487: 5484: 5482: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5463: 5461: 5457: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5450: 5448: 5444: 5438: 5437:Visualization 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5366: 5363: 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