4191:
7076:
1827:
419:
741:
749:
1118:, there is a wide range of colors from blue-grey (neutral) to very red, but unlike the centaurs, bimodally grouped into grey and red centaurs, the distribution for TNOs appears to be uniform. The wide range of spectra differ in reflectivity in visible red and near infrared. Neutral objects present a flat spectrum, reflecting as much red and infrared as visible spectrum. Very red objects present a steep slope, reflecting much more in red and infrared. A recent attempt at classification (common with centaurs) uses the total of four classes from
1727:
4197:
317:
1286:, it is possible to estimate the surface temperature, and correspondingly the intensity of heat radiation. Further, if the size of the object is known, it is possible to predict both the amount of visible light and emitted heat radiation reaching Earth. A simplifying factor is that the Sun emits almost all of its energy in visible light and at nearby frequencies, while at the cold temperatures of TNOs, the heat radiation is emitted at completely different wavelengths (the far infrared).
411:
2099:
5160:
1251:
2077:
7216:
616:
1302:. For ground-based observations, astronomers observe the tail of the black-body radiation in the far infrared. This far infrared radiation is so dim that the thermal method is only applicable to the largest KBOs. For the majority of (small) objects, the diameter is estimated by assuming an albedo. However, the albedos found range from 0.50 down to 0.05, resulting in a size range of 1,200–3,700 km for an object of
1835:
7240:
7052:
7204:
7064:
7228:
791:(cubewano) seem to be composed of two different colour populations: the so-called cold (inclination <5°) population, displaying only red colours, and the so-called hot (higher inclination) population displaying the whole range of colours from blue to very red. A recent analysis based on the data from
1953:
The literature is inconsistent in the use of the phrases "scattered disc" and "Kuiper belt". For some, they are distinct populations; for others, the scattered disk is part of the Kuiper belt, in which case the low-eccentricity population is called the "classical Kuiper belt". Authors may even switch
1817:
NASA has been working towards a dedicated
Interstellar Precursor in the 21st century, one intentionally designed to reach the interstellar medium, and as part of this the flyby of objects like Sedna are also considered. Overall this type of spacecraft studies have proposed a launch in the 2020s, and
527:
Another subclass of Kuiper belt objects is the so-called scattering objects (SO). These are non-resonant objects that come near enough to
Neptune to have their orbits changed from time to time (such as causing changes in semi-major axis of at least 1.5 AU in 10 million years) and are thus undergoing
370:
continued searching for some years for similar objects but found none. For a long time, no one searched for other TNOs as it was generally believed that Pluto, which up to August 2006 was classified as a planet, was the only major object beyond
Neptune. Only after the 1992 discovery of a second TNO,
5493:
813:
While the relatively dimmer bodies, as well as the population as the whole, are reddish (V−I = 0.3–0.6), the bigger objects are often more neutral in colour (infrared index V−I < 0.2). This distinction leads to suggestion that the surface of the largest bodies is covered with ices, hiding the
1289:
Thus there are two unknowns (albedo and size), which can be determined by two independent measurements (of the amount of reflected light and emitted infrared heat radiation). TNOs are so far from the Sun that they are very cold, hence producing black-body radiation around 60
671:. However, the interpretations are typically ambiguous as the spectra can fit more than one model of the surface composition and depend on the unknown particle size. More significantly, the optical surfaces of small bodies are subject to modification by intense radiation,
383:, the most massive TNO, was discovered in 2005, revisiting a long-running dispute within the scientific community over the classification of large TNOs, and whether objects like Pluto can be considered planets. Pluto and Eris were eventually classified as
1281:
measurements. The intensity of light illuminating the object is known (from its distance to the Sun), and one assumes that most of its surface is in thermal equilibrium (usually not a bad assumption for an airless body). For a known
763:
of an object seen through blue (B), visible (V), i.e. green-yellow, and red (R) filters. The diagram illustrates known colour indices for all but the biggest objects (in slightly enhanced colour). For reference, two moons,
2853:
Fornasier, S.; Dotto, E.; Hainaut, O.; Marzari, F.; Boehnhardt, H.; De Luise, F.; et al. (October 2007). "Visible spectroscopic and photometric survey of
Jupiter Trojans: Final results on dynamical families".
1511:
a dwarf planet, the third-largest-known trans-Neptunian object. Notable for its two known satellites, rings, and unusually short rotation period (3.9 h). It is the most massive known member of the
559:
contains objects farther from the Sun, with very eccentric and inclined orbits. These orbits are non-resonant and non-planetary-orbit-crossing. A typical example is the most-massive-known TNO,
1818:
would try to go a little faster than the
Voyagers using existing technology. One 2018 design study for an Interstellar Precursor, included a visit of minor planet 50000 Quaoar, in the 2030s.
532:. Scattering objects are easier to detect than other trans-Neptunian objects of the same size because they come nearer to Earth, some having perihelia around 20 AU. Several are known with
402:, nicknamed "Farout", was announced. Farout is the most distant Solar System object so far observed and is about 120 AU away from the Sun. It takes 738 years to complete one orbit.
500:, also called "cubewanos", that have no such resonance, moving on almost circular orbits, unperturbed by Neptune. There are a large number of resonant subgroups, the largest being the
2569:
Peixinho, N.; Doressoundiram, A.; Delsanti, A.; Boehnhardt, H.; Barucci, M. A.; Belskaya, I. (2003). "Reopening the TNOs Color
Controversy: Centaurs Bimodality and TNOs Unimodality".
3416:
Lorenzo, Iorio (August 2013). "Perspectives on effectively constraining the location of a massive trans-Plutonian object with the New
Horizons spacecraft: a sensitivity analysis".
336:
influences of the other planets. Discrepancies in the early 1900s between the observed and expected orbits of Uranus and
Neptune suggested that there were one or more additional
2340:
Elliot, J. L.; Kern, S. D.; Clancy, K. B.; Gulbis, A. A. S.; Millis, R. L.; Buie, M. W.; Wasserman, L. H.; Chiang, E. I.; Jordan, A. B.; Trilling, D. E.; Meech, K. J. (2005).
6979:
6553:
441:
objects (SDOs). The diagram to the right illustrates the distribution of known trans-Neptunian objects (up to 70 au) in relation to the orbits of the planets and the
6949:
4398:
3755:
78:
6750:
803:) objects. Red colours of the Core objects together with their unperturbed orbits suggest that these objects could be a relic of the original population of the belt.
3702:
2263:
Shankman, C.; Kavelaars, J. J.; Gladman, B. J.; Alexandersen, M.; Kaib, N.; Petit, J.-M.; Bannister, M. T.; Chen, Y.-T.; Gwyn, S.; Jakubik, M.; Volk, K. (2016).
539:
below 9, meaning that the estimated diameter is more than 100 km. It is estimated that there are between 240,000 and 830,000 scattering objects bigger than
149:
784:. Correlations between the colours and the orbital characteristics have been studied, to confirm theories of different origin of the different dynamic classes:
484:
contains objects with an average distance to the Sun of 30 to about 55 au, usually having close-to-circular orbits with a small inclination from the
5196:
379:
was photographed and digitally evaluated for slowly moving objects. Hundreds of TNOs were found, with diameters in the range of 50 to 2,500 kilometers.
2342:"The Deep Ecliptic Survey: A Search for Kuiper Belt Objects and Centaurs. II. Dynamical Classification, the Kuiper Belt Plane, and the Core Population"
744:
Colors of trans-Neptunian objects. Yellow names in brackets are non trans-Neptunian objects added for reference. Mars and Triton are also not to scale.
543:
absolute magnitude 12, corresponding to diameters greater than about 18 km. Scattering objects are hypothesized to be the source of the so-called
3114:
2126:
6986:
3500:
2512:
3183:
6538:
3695:
3655:
6683:
3418:
3361:
Patryk S., Lykawka; Tadashi, Mukai (April 2008). "An Outer Planet Beyond Pluto and the Origin of the Trans-Neptunian Belt
Architecture".
655:
Studying colours and spectra provides insight into the objects' origin and a potential correlation with other classes of objects, namely
623:
Given the apparent magnitude (>20) of all but the biggest trans-Neptunian objects, the physical studies are limited to the following:
142:
2385:
1883:
on a distant orbit and a distant encounter with a random star or a member of the Sun's birth cluster that passed near the Solar System.
1319:
238:
5504:
3000:
6449:
571:), the objects in the scattered disc can be further divided into the "typical" scattered disc objects (SDOs, Scattered-near) with a T
457:
in blue. The scattered disc extends to the right, far beyond the diagram, with known objects at mean distances beyond 500 au (
1535:
a dwarf planet, a scattered disc object, and currently the most massive known trans-Neptunian object. It has one known satellite,
5189:
3970:
3688:
4749:
6604:
6249:
6234:
6214:
5526:
5473:
135:
5522:
5507:
1875:
with perihelia greater than 70 au. Their high perihelia keep them at a sufficient distance to avoid significant gravitational
6548:
6281:
6244:
6239:
5516:
2983:
3312:"On the Existence of a Distant Solar Companion and its Possible Effects on the Oort Cloud and the Observed Comet Population"
1273:
of TNOs. For very large objects, with very well known orbital elements (like Pluto), diameters can be precisely measured by
1258:, Neptune's moon Triton, Pluto, several large TNOs, and the dwarf planet Ceres. Their respective shapes are not represented.
6974:
6911:
6565:
6286:
6224:
6219:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5506:
5502:
1424:
a plutino and triple system consisting of a central binary pair of similar size, and a third outer circumbinary satellite
1143:
7128:
6229:
1341:
a dwarf planet, the first TNO discovered, and largest-known TNO. It is the only TNO known to have an atmosphere. Hosts a
5520:
5512:
3571:
Brown, Michael E.; Trujillo, Chadwick; Rabinowitz, David (2004). "Discovery of a
Candidate Inner Oort Cloud Planetoid".
2174:
241:. however, nearly 5000 objects with semimajor axis over 30 AU are present in the MPC catalog, with 1000 being numbered.
5509:
5182:
1922:
1454:
a dwarf planet and a large cubewano. It has an elongated shape, albeit less elongated than Haumea. Has one known moon,
5527:
5523:
1802:
has been often postulated for different theoretical reasons to explain several observed or speculated features of the
6377:
6350:
5518:
5313:
4235:
656:
442:
7265:
6765:
5528:
388:
3627:
3544:
3740:
2265:"OSSOS. II. A Sharp Transition in the Absolute Magnitude Distribution of the Kuiper Belt's Scattering Population"
1605:
a TNO having an unusually high orbital inclination of 110°. nicknamed Niku (逆骨), which means "rebellious" in the
1315:
489:
446:
344:
in February 1930, which was too small to explain the discrepancies. Revised estimates of Neptune's mass from the
234:
210:
94:
67:
6293:
1298:. This wavelength of light is impossible to observe on the Earth's surface, but only from space using, e.g. the
7270:
6944:
6360:
6194:
5245:
3990:
1843:
1709:
1303:
300:
101:
1838:
Sedna's orbit takes it far beyond even the Kuiper belt (30–50 AU), out to nearly 1,000 AU (Sun–Earth distance)
6469:
6365:
5404:
3762:
2122:"Extreme trans-Neptunian objects and the Kozai mechanism: signalling the presence of trans-Plutonian planets"
273:
6882:
1669:
the first trans-Neptunian object discovered while beyond 100 AU (15 billion km) from the Sun
6969:
6524:
6504:
6399:
4421:
3725:
1826:
1359:
788:
540:
533:
497:
454:
206:
61:
6887:
5525:
1142:
as intermediate classes. BR (intermediate blue-red) and IR (moderately red) differ mostly in the infrared
7044:
6570:
6499:
6464:
5503:
5497:
5230:
3963:
1932:
1902:
819:
350:
flyby in 1989 showed that the problem was spurious. Pluto was easiest to find because it has the highest
6484:
3475:
1226:
As an illustration of the two extreme classes BB and RR, the following compositions have been suggested
230:
7194:
6959:
6760:
6643:
6626:
6592:
5524:
5466:
5394:
5384:
4190:
1879:
from Neptune. Previous explanations for the high perihelion of Sedna include a close encounter with an
1687:
most distant observable trans-Neptunian object at 132 AU (19.7 billion km) from the Sun
4053:
2465:
6802:
6777:
6587:
5389:
3573:
3316:
3223:
3209:
583:
greater than 3. In addition, detached objects have a time-averaged eccentricity greater than 0.2 The
280:
and are either grey-blue (BB) or very red (RR). They are thought to be composed of mixtures of rock,
5521:
3286:"AAS 17-777 LOW-COST OPPORTUNITY FOR MULTIPLE TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECT RENDEZVOUS AND ORBITAL CAPTURE"
2207:
1501:
a dwarf planet and the second-largest known plutino, after Pluto. Has a relatively large satellite.
7093:
6698:
5225:
3937:
3363:
1876:
1868:
1751:
In 2011, a design study explored a spacecraft survey of Quaoar, Sedna, Makemake, Haumea, and Eris.
592:
529:
248:
in 1930. It took until 1992 to discover a second trans-Neptunian object orbiting the Sun directly,
3272:
Low-Cost Opportunity for Multiple Trans-Neptunian Object Rendezvous and Capture, AAS Paper 17-777.
6782:
6609:
6256:
6160:
6073:
5773:
5623:
5514:
5505:
5409:
5293:
5205:
4165:
3878:
3051:
2745:
Gulbis, Amanda A. S.; Elliot, J. L.; Kane, Julia F. (2006). "The color of the Kuiper belt Core".
1917:
1566:
a dwarf planet and the second-largest discovered scattered-disc object. Has one known satellite,
1299:
1109:
604:
269:
2968:
1627:
a sednoid with a large perihelion of 80 AU from the Sun (50 AU beyond Neptune). nicknamed after
6787:
6725:
6673:
6663:
6648:
6599:
6459:
5811:
5499:
5163:
3956:
2192:
1880:
1830:
Overview of trans-Neptunian objects with extreme TNOs grouped into three categories at the top.
1787:
1115:
844:
735:
337:
245:
39:
22:
6708:
5519:
5511:
5508:
375:, did systematic searches for further such objects begin. A broad strip of the sky around the
7260:
7153:
7080:
6954:
6807:
6770:
6658:
6653:
5459:
5235:
2436:
2393:
1754:
In 2019 one mission to TNOs included designs for orbital capture and multi-target scenarios.
849:
721:
6822:
2642:
2592:
706:'s density: 1.86 g/cm). The composition of some small TNOs could be similar to that of
6715:
6668:
6325:
5783:
5748:
5743:
5637:
5588:
5561:
5517:
5496:
5303:
4179:
4061:
4042:
3902:
3783:
3592:
3515:
3437:
3382:
3325:
3133:
3066:
3049:
3033:
3017:
2873:
2819:
2756:
2711:
2669:
2638:
2588:
2480:
2461:
2412:
2353:
2286:
2229:
2145:
1567:
1488:
1444:
a large plutino, was considered to be among the largest Kuiper belt objects upon discovery
792:
544:
418:
30:
5500:
5498:
2681:
1848:
Among the extreme trans-Neptunian objects are three high-perihelion objects classified as
1705:
nicknamed DeeDee (DD) for "Distant Dwarf", referencing its current distance from the sun.
8:
7244:
7167:
7056:
6894:
6867:
6817:
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5778:
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5112:
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5072:
5062:
4955:
4810:
4800:
4727:
4717:
4665:
4655:
4615:
4582:
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4542:
4352:
4312:
4269:
4151:
4086:
3890:
2785:
1544:
711:
564:
560:
380:
253:
21:
This article is about solar system objects beyond Neptune. For hypothetical planets, see
5981:
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2877:
2823:
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2715:
2484:
2416:
2357:
2290:
2233:
2149:
2025:
1161:, created by intense radiation. Four major tholins are used to fit the reddening slope:
809:
objects show colour resemblances with hot classical objects pointing to a common origin.
740:
7232:
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7147:
7017:
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6812:
6720:
6533:
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4923:
4913:
4903:
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4864:
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4820:
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4707:
4697:
4687:
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4572:
4562:
4532:
4512:
4482:
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4450:
4407:
4372:
4342:
4332:
4322:
4279:
3608:
3582:
3453:
3427:
3398:
3394:
3372:
3343:
3123:
3090:
2889:
2863:
2835:
2809:
2727:
2701:
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2622:
2604:
2578:
2504:
2428:
2402:
2304:
2276:
2245:
2219:
2135:
1631:
due to the letters in its designation (VP). Joe Biden was Vice President ("VP") of the
1593:
1575:
1455:
1262:
Characteristically, big (bright) objects are typically on inclined orbits, whereas the
823:
760:
748:
638:
536:
351:
341:
5954:
5917:
3050:
Brown, Michael E.; Barkume, Kristina M.; Ragozzine, Darin; Schaller, Emily L. (2007).
2051:
7007:
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6519:
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6125:
6066:
5795:
5288:
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4770:
4760:
4645:
4502:
4492:
4124:
3871:
3674:
3494:
3457:
3402:
3347:
3338:
3311:
3285:
3248:
3082:
3001:"A Distant Planetary-Mass Solar Companion May Have Produced Distant Detached Objects"
2979:
2796:(2006). "Photometric Observations Constraining the Size, Shape, and Albedo of 2003 El
2689:
2548:
2530:
2496:
2299:
2264:
2249:
2241:
1738:
The only mission to date that primarily targeted a trans-Neptunian object was NASA's
1382:
726:. However, population comparisons between centaurs and TNOs are still controversial.
463:
430:
199:
6037:
3837:
2893:
2839:
2731:
2308:
2000:
7275:
7208:
7068:
6872:
6862:
6755:
6730:
6140:
6110:
5961:
5835:
5675:
5540:
5414:
4754:
4625:
4522:
4362:
4259:
4081:
4048:
3666:
3612:
3600:
3445:
3390:
3333:
3141:
3094:
3074:
3025:
3008:
2881:
2827:
2789:
2764:
2747:
2719:
2685:
2646:
2608:
2596:
2538:
2508:
2488:
2432:
2420:
2381:
2361:
2294:
2237:
2208:"A Possible Divot in the Size Distribution of the Kuiper Belt's Scattering Objects"
2153:
1744:, which was launched in January 2006 and flew by the Pluto system in July 2015 and
1606:
1367:
1263:
1150:
687:
645:
576:
281:
1726:
6939:
6837:
6745:
6636:
6614:
6411:
6355:
6345:
6135:
6115:
6090:
6078:
6032:
6020:
5924:
5907:
5867:
5845:
5840:
5335:
5278:
5263:
5053:
4196:
4171:
4157:
4105:
3895:
3883:
3859:
3815:
3735:
3029:
2885:
2768:
2677:
2651:
2626:
2600:
2100:"JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: orbital class (TNO) and q > 30.1 (au)"
1872:
1745:
1640:
1561:
1536:
1520:
714:
undergo seasonal changes when they approach the Sun, making the boundary blurred
679:. Consequently, the thin optical surface layer could be quite different from the
676:
367:
316:
222:
195:
106:
1525:
a dwarf planet, a cubewano, and the fourth-largest known trans-Neptunian object
6923:
6703:
6693:
6631:
6494:
6421:
6382:
6303:
6276:
6130:
6000:
5971:
5949:
5939:
5929:
5882:
5350:
5318:
5283:
4741:
4434:
4243:
4225:
4091:
3745:
3730:
2793:
2543:
1394:
1342:
859:
806:
756:
556:
450:
438:
218:
88:
44:
3449:
2976:
Solar System Update : Topical and Timely Reviews in Solar System Sciences
1973:
1556:
a scattered disc object following a highly inclined but nearly circular orbit
7254:
7022:
7002:
6582:
6315:
6298:
6119:
6042:
6005:
5976:
5966:
5934:
5912:
5892:
5855:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5374:
5273:
5268:
4212:
4003:
3998:
3854:
3832:
3800:
2552:
2529:
Pfalzner, Susanne; Govind, Amith; Portegies Zwart, Simon (4 September 2024).
1927:
1632:
1512:
1506:
769:
765:
664:
660:
600:
422:
354:
of all known trans-Neptunian objects. It also has a lower inclination to the
333:
5174:
3146:
3109:
2946:
2158:
2121:
2119:
1237:
for Orcus (BB, grey/blue): 85% amorphous carbon, +4% Titan tholin, and 11% H
686:
Small TNOs are thought to be low-density mixtures of rock and ice with some
7100:
7086:
6877:
6832:
6489:
6372:
6266:
6206:
6189:
6015:
5993:
5944:
5902:
5887:
5872:
5738:
5697:
5662:
5482:
5440:
5213:
4444:
4439:
4067:
3979:
3820:
3788:
3772:
3661:
3108:
de la Fuente Marcos, Carlos; de la Fuente Marcos, Raúl (11 February 2018).
3086:
2964:
2500:
1892:
1740:
1647:
1449:
1434:
a large cubewano, known for its rapid rotation (6.3 h) and elongated shape
1429:
1353:
596:
513:
384:
372:
325:
249:
179:
175:
3680:
3545:"A Conversation With Pluto's Killer: Q & A With Astronomer Mike Brown"
752:
Illustration of the relative sizes, albedos and colours of some large TNOs
410:
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7135:
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6906:
6901:
6852:
6827:
6797:
6792:
6740:
6735:
6560:
6474:
6433:
6394:
6271:
6102:
6025:
5988:
5877:
5430:
5379:
5340:
4429:
4306:
4253:
4248:
3920:
3805:
3587:
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2706:
2583:
2407:
1907:
1853:
1803:
1799:
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1713:
1530:
1496:
1466:
1459:
1439:
1419:
1274:
1131:
1123:
773:
717:
668:
634:
591:
so distant that it is confirmed that their orbits cannot be explained by
481:
458:
434:
295:
Twelve minor planets with a semi-major axis greater than 150 AU and
214:
55:
3078:
2657:
2568:
2492:
702:, 2.6–3.3 g/cm, suggests a very high non-ice content (compare with
683:
underneath, and not representative of the bulk composition of the body.
7160:
7107:
6847:
6426:
6010:
5399:
5345:
5135:
4989:
4977:
4965:
4943:
4884:
4830:
4470:
4301:
4020:
3926:
3810:
2914:
Symposium No. 229, Asteroids, Comets, Meteors, Aug 2005, Rio de Janeiro
2668:
1897:
1858:
1807:
1791:
1693:
1615:
1295:
1291:
672:
445:
for reference. Different classes are represented in different colours.
296:
276:
have been discovered in orbit of trans-Neptunian objects. TNOs vary in
120:
3107:
7121:
7114:
6543:
6509:
6340:
6261:
6184:
6179:
6150:
5897:
5850:
5719:
5702:
5435:
5325:
5037:
5025:
5013:
5001:
4852:
4675:
4592:
4382:
4220:
4143:
3549:
1795:
1770:
1759:
1675:
1657:
1628:
1403:
1182:(ethane) Ice tholin I, believed to be produced from a mixture of 86%
588:
393:
346:
6145:
4110:
3842:
2531:"Trajectory of the stellar flyby that shaped the outer Solar System"
2262:
1587:
the first retrograde TNO, having an orbital inclination of i = 104°
1250:
698:, detected in their spectra. On the other hand, the high density of
7174:
7012:
6479:
6335:
6320:
6061:
5768:
5616:
5255:
4118:
4013:
3866:
3604:
3128:
2831:
2723:
2424:
2366:
2341:
2281:
2120:
C. de la Fuente Marcos; R. de la Fuente Marcos (1 September 2014).
1278:
1270:
1216:
1154:
839:
680:
649:
584:
521:
485:
376:
355:
265:
3474:
Spaceflight, Leonard David 2019-01-09T11:57:34Z (9 January 2019).
3432:
3377:
3184:"Mystery object in weird orbit beyond Neptune cannot be explained"
2868:
2224:
2140:
1814:
spacecraft to constrain the position of such a hypothesized body.
795:
confirms this difference in colour between low-inclination (named
6416:
6404:
6330:
5729:
5707:
5582:
5567:
5126:
4896:
4293:
4025:
4008:
3912:
3750:
2193:"DISCOVERY OF THE MOST DISTANT SOLAR SYSTEM OBJECT EVER OBSERVED"
1912:
1849:
1373:
1346:
834:
695:
615:
505:
501:
493:
285:
226:
191:
111:
72:
3948:
2175:"Thirty-four years after launch, Voyager 2 continues to explore"
1179:
Triton tholin, as above but with very low (0.1%) methane content
587:
are a further extreme sub-grouping of the detached objects with
488:. Edgeworth–Kuiper belt objects are further classified into the
6857:
6054:
6049:
5763:
5758:
5724:
5712:
5657:
5609:
5602:
5577:
5572:
5451:
4138:
4132:
4099:
3849:
3827:
3110:"Dynamically correlated minor bodies in the outer Solar system"
2692:(2002). "The color distribution in the Edgeworth-Kuiper Belt".
1283:
1201:
1158:
699:
691:
517:
289:
261:
3476:"A Wild 'Interstellar Probe' Mission Idea Is Gaining Momentum"
3249:"A Survey of Mission Opportunities to Trans-Neptunian Objects"
2800:, a Rapidly Rotating, Pluto-Sized Object in the Kuiper Belt".
2466:"A Sedna-like body with a perihelion of 80 astronomical units"
1834:
1277:
of stars. For other large TNOs, diameters can be estimated by
1122:(blue, or neutral color, average B−V = 0.70, V−R = 0.39, e.g.
6174:
5753:
5685:
5680:
5595:
5550:
5545:
5366:
4075:
3795:
2999:
Gomes, Rodney S.; Matese, John J.; Lissauer, Jack J. (2006).
2528:
1336:
1184:
1165:
Titan tholin, believed to be produced from a mixture of 90% N
854:
707:
703:
509:
332:
The orbit of each of the planets is slightly affected by the
320:
257:
183:
2852:
2078:"JPL Small-Body Database Search Engine: orbital class (TNO)"
1230:
for Sedna (RR very red): 24% Triton tholin, 7% carbon, 10% N
5806:
5690:
5555:
2172:
1730:
Kuiper belt object 486958 Arrokoth, in images taken by the
1414:
the first binary Kuiper belt object discovered after Pluto
1255:
777:
1471:
a distant dwarf planet, proposed for a new category named
508:(2:3 resonance), named after their most prominent member,
5535:
2911:
2784:
1757:
Some TNOs that were studied in a design study paper were
512:. Members of the classical Edgeworth–Kuiper belt include
187:
3052:"A collisional family of icy objects in the Kuiper belt"
1810:. It was recently proposed to use ranging data from the
3570:
2380:
2615:
2384:; Trujillo, Chadwick A.; Rabinowitz, David L. (2004).
2339:
1362:, the first Kuiper belt object discovered after Pluto
1245:
7192:
2386:"Discovery of a Candidate Inner Oort Cloud Planetoid"
619:
Looking back at Pluto, the largest visited KBO so far
299:
greater than 30 AU are known, which are called
2998:
2662:
2256:
2018:
1458:, and two known rings that are both far beyond the
429:According to their distance from the Sun and their
2780:
2778:
1821:
547:(JFCs), which have periods of less than 20 years.
229:being the most distant ones. As of July 2024, the
3516:"The Interstellar Probe Mission (Graphic Poster)"
3115:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2792:; Roe, H. G.; Schwartz, M.; Tourtellotte, S. W.;
2627:"Color of Minor Bodies in the Outer Solar System"
2335:
2333:
2127:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
2044:
1149:Typical models of the surface include water ice,
7252:
3360:
3043:
2744:
2564:
2562:
2460:
2173:Chris Gebhardt; Jeff Goldader (20 August 2011).
425:showing the types of bodies in the Solar System.
5495:
3564:
2900:
2775:
2621:
2206:Cory Shankman; et al. (10 February 2013).
2092:
1954:between these two uses in a single publication.
627:thermal emissions for the largest objects (see
433:, TNOs are classified in two large groups: the
3673:A list of the estimates of the diameters from
2963:
2925:"Conversion of Absolute Magnitude to Diameter"
2846:
2330:
2070:
759:are simple measures of the differences in the
5656:
5467:
5204:
5190:
3964:
3696:
2559:
2454:
2321:
2205:
2026:"List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects"
492:that are locked in an orbital resonance with
366:After Pluto's discovery, American astronomer
205:Typically, TNOs are further divided into the
143:
1993:
3710:
3499:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
3473:
3419:Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy
2908:Trans Neptunian Objects’ surface properties
1645:contact binary cubewano encountered by the
610:
5474:
5460:
5197:
5183:
4195:
4189:
3971:
3957:
3703:
3689:
3619:
3536:
3224:"New Horizons: News Article?page=20190101"
2992:
2957:
2947:"Evidence for an Extended Scattered Disk?"
2738:
1986:McFadden, Weissman, & Johnson (2005).
1320:List of unnumbered trans-Neptunian objects
150:
136:
3586:
3431:
3376:
3337:
3145:
3127:
2867:
2813:
2705:
2650:
2582:
2542:
2406:
2374:
2365:
2298:
2280:
2223:
2157:
2139:
2113:
361:
6987:Interstellar and circumstellar molecules
3309:
1833:
1825:
1725:
1249:
1130:(very red, B−V = 1.08, V−R = 0.71, e.g.
747:
739:
614:
417:
409:
315:
7183:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
6211:Planetary orbit-crossing minor planets
3415:
2939:
2052:"List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects"
1393:the first object to be identified as a
1266:regroups mostly small and dim objects.
628:
414:Distribution of trans-Neptunian objects
244:The first trans-Neptunian object to be
7253:
3677:with references to the original papers
3628:"There's something out there – part 2"
2978:(Springer-Praxis ed.). Springer.
2518:from the original on 16 December 2014.
694:-containing) surface material such as
659:and some satellites of giant planets (
607:could have moved them on their orbit.
5455:
5178:
3952:
3684:
3626:Brown, Michael E. (28 October 2010).
3625:
3469:
3467:
3280:
3278:
3101:
2969:"The Solar System Beyond The Planets"
391:. In December 2018, the discovery of
311:
3542:
3310:Julio A., Fernández (January 2011).
1949:
1947:
579:(ESDOs, Scattered-extended) with a T
284:and volatile ices such as water and
2322:Brett Gladman; et al. (2008).
1314:For a more comprehensive list, see
1246:Size determination and distribution
190:at a greater average distance than
16:Solar system objects beyond Neptune
13:
5491:
3513:
3464:
3275:
1923:Trans-Neptunian planets in fiction
1309:
1157:and organic macromolecules, named
782:(yellow labels, size not to scale)
461:) and aphelia beyond 1,000 (
340:. The search for these led to the
14:
7287:
3978:
3648:
1944:
814:redder, darker areas underneath.
667:), suspected to originate in the
405:
7238:
7226:
7214:
7202:
7074:
7062:
7050:
5481:
5159:
5158:
3210:"NASA New Horizons Mission Page"
2001:"List Of Transneptunian Objects"
1988:Encyclopedia of the Solar System
1974:"Transneptunian object 1994 TG2"
1487:in the formal classification by
1269:It is difficult to estimate the
1103:
729:
389:International Astronomical Union
252:. The most massive TNO known is
6950:Gravitationally rounded objects
3507:
3409:
3354:
3303:
3266:
3241:
3216:
3202:
3176:
3162:"MPEC 2005-O42 : 2005 FY9"
3154:
2917:
2522:
2324:The Solar System Beyond Neptune
2315:
2199:
2185:
2166:
1822:Extreme trans-Neptunian objects
1316:List of trans-Neptunian objects
1234:, 26% methanol, and 33% methane
1207:(methanol) Ice tholin II, 80% H
490:resonant trans-Neptunian object
301:extreme trans-Neptunian objects
3991:List of possible dwarf planets
1980:
1966:
1844:Extreme trans-Neptunian object
1721:
1635:at the time of its discovery.
799:) and high-inclination (named
599:, nor by interaction with the
102:Extreme trans-Neptunian object
1:
3543:Wall, Mike (24 August 2011).
2464:; Sheppard, Scott S. (2014).
2212:Astrophysical Journal Letters
1960:
575:of less than 3, and into the
498:classical Kuiper belt objects
455:classical Kuiper belt objects
292:and other organic compounds.
3395:10.1088/0004-6256/135/4/1161
3030:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.05.026
2886:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.033
2769:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.01.021
2631:Astronomy & Astrophysics
1790:, ranging from less than an
1254:Size comparison between the
789:Classical Kuiper belt object
358:than most other large TNOs.
277:
7:
7045:Outline of the Solar System
6808:Interplanetary medium/space
2080:. JPL Solar System Dynamics
1933:Tyche (hypothetical planet)
1903:Nemesis (hypothetical star)
1886:
10:
7292:
6761:Extraterrestrial materials
3514:Bradnt, P.C.; et al.
3339:10.1088/0004-637X/726/1/33
2652:10.1051/0004-6361:20020431
2625:; Delsanti, A. C. (2002).
2601:10.1051/0004-6361:20031420
2571:Astronomy and Astrophysics
2544:10.1038/s41550-024-02349-x
2300:10.3847/0004-6256/151/2/31
2242:10.1088/2041-8205/764/1/L2
1841:
1313:
1107:
733:
637:, i.e. comparisons of the
306:
20:
7081:Earth sciences portal
7040:
6995:
6932:
6803:Interplanetary dust cloud
6682:
6518:
6448:
6159:
6101:
5794:
5647:
5489:
5423:
5365:
5302:
5254:
5221:
5212:
5206:Small Solar System bodies
5154:
5125:
5052:
4740:
4607:
4420:
4397:
4292:
4234:
4211:
4204:
4187:
4034:
3986:
3911:
3771:
3718:
3574:The Astrophysical Journal
3450:10.1007/s10569-013-9491-x
3317:The Astrophysical Journal
1712:candidate located within
1513:Haumea collisional family
1343:system of five satellites
1327:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
7094:Local Interstellar Cloud
5812:other near-Earth objects
3364:The Astronomical Journal
2694:The Astronomical Journal
2346:The Astronomical Journal
2269:The Astronomical Journal
1938:
1481:distant detached objects
611:Physical characteristics
530:gravitational scattering
504:(1:2 resonance) and the
231:catalog of minor planets
7266:Trans-Neptunian objects
7057:Solar System portal
6783:Giant-impact hypothesis
6390:Trans-Neptunian objects
3712:Trans-Neptunian objects
3164:. Minorplanetcenter.org
2967:; Delsanti, A. (2006).
2927:. Minorplanetcenter.org
2643:2002A&A...389..641H
2593:2003A&A...410L..29P
1918:Small Solar System body
1473:extended scattered disc
1376:discovered after Pluto
1300:Spitzer Space Telescope
1110:Asteroid spectral types
641:using different filters
550:
475:
437:objects (KBOs) and the
194:, which has an orbital
50:Trans-Neptunian objects
6945:Possible dwarf planets
6788:Gravitational collapse
6726:Circumstellar envelope
5531:
5331:Trans-Neptunian object
3731:Scattered-disc objects
1839:
1831:
1788:planets beyond Neptune
1735:
1259:
818:Mean-color indices of
753:
745:
736:Asteroid color indices
620:
567:relative to Neptune (T
453:) are plotted in red,
426:
415:
362:Subsequent discoveries
338:planets beyond Neptune
329:
164:trans-Neptunian object
89:Scattered disc objects
23:Planets beyond Neptune
7271:Distant minor planets
7154:Laniakea Supercluster
6771:Sample-return mission
5530:
3995:Former dwarf planets
3656:University of Arizona
3147:10.1093/mnras/stx2765
2802:Astrophysical Journal
2462:Trujillo, Chadwick A.
2394:Astrophysical Journal
2159:10.1093/mnrasl/slu084
1837:
1829:
1729:
1710:possible dwarf planet
1345:and is the prototype
1253:
1114:Among TNOs, as among
751:
743:
618:
545:Jupiter-family comets
421:
413:
319:
239:3,000 unnumbered TNOs
172:transneptunian object
31:distant minor planets
7069:Astronomy portal
6970:Solar System objects
6716:Circumplanetary disk
5304:Distant minor planet
3632:Mike Brown's Planets
2786:Rabinowitz, David L.
793:Deep Ecliptic Survey
246:discovered was Pluto
7168:Observable universe
6965:Solar System models
6895:Protoplanetary disk
6818:Interstellar medium
6778:Frost/Ice/Snow line
3938:541132 Leleākūhonua
3597:2004ApJ...617..645B
3442:2013CeMDA.116..357I
3387:2008AJ....135.1161L
3330:2011ApJ...726...33F
3138:2018MNRAS.474..838D
3079:10.1038/nature05619
3071:2007Natur.446..294B
3022:2006Icar..184..589G
2878:2007Icar..190..622F
2824:2006ApJ...639.1238R
2761:2006Icar..183..168G
2716:2002AJ....124.2279D
2493:10.1038/nature13156
2485:2014Natur.507..471T
2417:2004ApJ...617..645B
2358:2005AJ....129.1117E
2291:2016AJ....151...31S
2234:2013ApJ...764L...2S
2150:2014MNRAS.443L..59D
2030:Minor Planet Center
2005:Minor Planet Center
1871:. They are distant
1869:541132 Leleākūhonua
1651:spacecraft in 2019
1169:(nitrogen) and 10%
827:
639:apparent magnitudes
565:Tisserand parameter
56:Kuiper belt objects
33:
7148:Virgo Supercluster
7129:Milky Way subgroup
6960:Natural satellites
6843:Nebular hypothesis
6823:Interstellar space
6813:Interstellar cloud
6721:Circumstellar disc
6311:Near-Earth objects
6195:names and meanings
5532:
3039:on 8 January 2007.
2788:; Barkume, K. M.;
2670:Doressoundiram, A.
2056:Johnston's Archive
1840:
1832:
1736:
1485:scattered-extended
1260:
824:outer Solar System
817:
761:apparent magnitude
754:
746:
629:size determination
621:
537:absolute magnitude
431:orbital parameters
427:
416:
352:apparent magnitude
342:discovery of Pluto
330:
312:Discovery of Pluto
200:astronomical units
121:Oort cloud objects
28:
7190:
7189:
7035:
7034:
7031:
7030:
7008:Lagrangian points
6980:by discovery date
6578:Human spaceflight
6549:historical models
6442:
6441:
6067:S/2015 (136472) 1
5449:
5448:
5361:
5360:
5246:Meanings of names
5172:
5171:
5150:
5149:
3946:
3945:
3065:(7133): 294–296.
2985:978-3-540-26056-1
2790:Brown, Michael E.
2479:(7493): 471–474.
2382:Brown, Michael E.
1990:, footnote p. 584
1786:The existence of
1748:in January 2019.
1719:
1718:
1101:
1100:
722:7968 Elst–Pizarro
160:
159:
7283:
7243:
7242:
7241:
7231:
7230:
7229:
7219:
7218:
7217:
7207:
7206:
7205:
7198:
7184:
7182:
7173:
7166:
7159:
7152:
7146:
7140:
7134:
7127:
7120:
7113:
7106:
7099:
7092:
7079:
7078:
7077:
7067:
7066:
7065:
7055:
7054:
7053:
6756:Exozodiacal dust
6446:
6445:
6412:Detached objects
5654:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5494:
5476:
5469:
5462:
5453:
5452:
5219:
5218:
5199:
5192:
5185:
5176:
5175:
5162:
5161:
5143:
5141:
5140:
5118:
5108:
5098:
5088:
5078:
5068:
5054:Detached objects
5045:
5043:
5042:
5033:
5031:
5030:
5021:
5019:
5018:
5009:
5007:
5006:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4985:
4983:
4982:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4961:
4951:
4949:
4948:
4939:
4929:
4919:
4909:
4899:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4880:
4870:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4848:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4826:
4816:
4806:
4796:
4786:
4776:
4766:
4733:
4723:
4713:
4703:
4693:
4683:
4681:
4680:
4671:
4661:
4651:
4641:
4631:
4621:
4600:
4598:
4597:
4588:
4578:
4568:
4558:
4548:
4538:
4528:
4518:
4508:
4498:
4488:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4466:
4456:
4413:
4390:
4388:
4387:
4378:
4368:
4358:
4348:
4338:
4328:
4318:
4285:
4275:
4265:
4209:
4208:
4199:
4193:
3973:
3966:
3959:
3950:
3949:
3934:
3932:
3931:
3777:
3741:Resonant objects
3736:Detached objects
3705:
3698:
3691:
3682:
3681:
3662:Kuiper Belt site
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3590:
3588:astro-ph/0404456
3568:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3557:
3540:
3534:
3533:
3531:
3529:
3520:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3498:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3471:
3462:
3461:
3435:
3413:
3407:
3406:
3380:
3371:(4): 1161–1200.
3358:
3352:
3351:
3341:
3307:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3282:
3273:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3245:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3228:pluto.jhuapl.edu
3220:
3214:
3213:
3212:. 25 March 2015.
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3190:. 10 August 2016
3180:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3158:
3152:
3151:
3149:
3131:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3056:
3047:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3032:. Archived from
3005:
2996:
2990:
2989:
2973:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2921:
2915:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2871:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2817:
2815:astro-ph/0509401
2808:(2): 1238–1251.
2782:
2773:
2772:
2742:
2736:
2735:
2709:
2707:astro-ph/0206468
2700:(4): 2279–2296.
2672:; Peixinho, N.;
2666:
2660:
2656:
2654:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2586:
2584:astro-ph/0309428
2566:
2557:
2556:
2546:
2535:Nature Astronomy
2526:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2470:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2441:
2435:. Archived from
2410:
2408:astro-ph/0404456
2390:
2378:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2352:(2): 1117–1162.
2337:
2328:
2327:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2302:
2284:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2227:
2203:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2183:
2182:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2143:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2058:. 7 October 2018
2048:
2042:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2032:. 8 October 2018
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1997:
1991:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1970:
1955:
1951:
1873:detached objects
1866:
1864:
1863:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1665:
1663:
1662:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1607:Chinese language
1601:
1599:
1598:
1594:(471325) 2011 KT
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:(528219) 2008 KV
1552:
1550:
1549:
1545:(612911) 2004 XR
1477:detached objects
1411:
1409:
1408:
1390:
1388:
1387:
1368:(385185) 1993 RO
1325:
1324:
1264:invariable plane
1191:
1175:
1151:amorphous carbon
1144:bands I, J and H
1097:
1095:
1088:
1086:
1079:
1077:
1070:
1068:
1061:
1059:
1052:
1050:
1038:
1036:
1029:
1027:
1020:
1018:
1011:
1009:
1002:
1000:
993:
991:
979:
977:
970:
968:
961:
959:
952:
950:
943:
941:
934:
932:
920:
918:
911:
909:
902:
900:
893:
891:
884:
882:
875:
873:
828:
820:dynamical groups
816:
577:detached objects
471:
469:
468:
447:Resonant objects
401:
399:
398:
282:amorphous carbon
223:detached objects
170:), also written
152:
145:
138:
107:Detached objects
34:
27:
7291:
7290:
7286:
7285:
7284:
7282:
7281:
7280:
7251:
7250:
7249:
7239:
7237:
7227:
7225:
7215:
7213:
7203:
7201:
7193:
7191:
7186:
7180:
7178:
7177:
7171:
7164:
7157:
7150:
7144:
7138:
7132:
7125:
7118:
7111:
7104:
7097:
7090:
7075:
7073:
7063:
7061:
7051:
7049:
7036:
7027:
6991:
6928:
6912:vs. Hill sphere
6838:Molecular cloud
6766:Sample curation
6746:Detached object
6685:
6678:
6522:
6514:
6451:
6438:
6383:Neptune trojans
6166:
6164:
6162:
6155:
6097:
5790:
5661:
5643:
5529:
5492:
5485:
5480:
5450:
5445:
5419:
5357:
5298:
5250:
5208:
5203:
5173:
5168:
5146:
5138:
5137:
5134:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5048:
5040:
5039:
5036:
5028:
5027:
5024:
5016:
5015:
5012:
5004:
5003:
5000:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4968:
4967:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4946:
4945:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4895:
4887:
4886:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4855:
4854:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4833:
4832:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
4799:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4736:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4716:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4678:
4677:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4603:
4595:
4594:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4473:
4472:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4393:
4385:
4384:
4381:
4376:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4356:
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4268:
4263:
4258:
4230:
4200:
4194:
4185:
4030:
3982:
3977:
3947:
3942:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3907:
3775:
3767:
3746:Neptune trojans
3714:
3709:
3675:johnstonarchive
3660:David Jewitt's
3651:
3646:
3636:
3634:
3624:
3620:
3569:
3565:
3555:
3553:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3525:
3518:
3512:
3508:
3492:
3491:
3484:
3482:
3472:
3465:
3414:
3410:
3359:
3355:
3308:
3304:
3294:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3276:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3255:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3232:
3230:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3193:
3191:
3182:
3181:
3177:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3106:
3102:
3054:
3048:
3044:
3036:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2986:
2971:
2962:
2958:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2905:
2901:
2851:
2847:
2799:
2794:Trujillo, C. A.
2783:
2776:
2743:
2739:
2667:
2663:
2620:
2616:
2567:
2560:
2527:
2523:
2515:
2468:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2442:on 27 June 2006
2439:
2388:
2379:
2375:
2338:
2331:
2320:
2316:
2261:
2257:
2204:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2186:
2179:NASASpaceflight
2171:
2167:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2061:
2059:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2035:
2033:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1985:
1981:
1972:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1952:
1945:
1941:
1889:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1846:
1824:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1746:486958 Arrokoth
1724:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1641:486958 Arrokoth
1618:
1617:
1614:
1596:
1595:
1592:
1578:
1577:
1574:
1562:225088 Gonggong
1547:
1546:
1543:
1521:136472 Makemake
1406:
1405:
1402:
1385:
1384:
1383:(15874) 1996 TL
1381:
1323:
1312:
1310:Notable objects
1248:
1240:
1233:
1222:
1214:
1210:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1183:
1174:
1170:
1168:
1112:
1106:
1093:
1091:
1084:
1082:
1075:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1057:
1055:
1048:
1046:
1034:
1032:
1025:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1007:
1005:
998:
996:
989:
987:
975:
973:
966:
964:
957:
955:
948:
946:
939:
937:
930:
928:
916:
914:
907:
905:
898:
896:
889:
887:
880:
878:
871:
869:
860:Jupiter trojans
776:and the planet
738:
732:
710:. Indeed, some
677:micrometeorites
613:
582:
574:
570:
563:. Based on the
553:
478:
466:
465:
464:(87269) 2000 OO
462:
451:Neptune trojans
408:
396:
395:
392:
364:
314:
309:
213:objects of the
196:semi-major axis
156:
81:(1:2 resonance)
75:(2:3 resonance)
45:Neptune trojans
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
7289:
7279:
7278:
7273:
7268:
7263:
7248:
7247:
7235:
7223:
7211:
7188:
7187:
7084:
7083:
7071:
7059:
7047:
7041:
7038:
7037:
7033:
7032:
7029:
7028:
7026:
7025:
7020:
7015:
7010:
7005:
6999:
6997:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6989:
6984:
6983:
6982:
6977:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6936:
6934:
6930:
6929:
6927:
6926:
6924:Scattered disc
6921:
6916:
6915:
6914:
6904:
6899:
6898:
6897:
6892:
6891:
6890:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6855:
6850:
6845:
6840:
6835:
6830:
6825:
6820:
6815:
6810:
6805:
6800:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6780:
6775:
6774:
6773:
6768:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6738:
6733:
6728:
6723:
6718:
6713:
6712:
6711:
6709:Excretion disk
6704:Accretion disk
6701:
6696:
6694:Star formation
6690:
6688:
6680:
6679:
6677:
6676:
6671:
6666:
6661:
6656:
6651:
6646:
6641:
6640:
6639:
6629:
6624:
6619:
6618:
6617:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6596:
6595:
6590:
6585:
6583:space stations
6575:
6574:
6573:
6568:
6558:
6557:
6556:
6551:
6546:
6536:
6530:
6528:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6497:
6492:
6487:
6482:
6477:
6472:
6467:
6462:
6456:
6454:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6424:
6422:Scattered disc
6419:
6414:
6409:
6408:
6407:
6402:
6387:
6386:
6385:
6380:
6370:
6369:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6307:
6306:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6290:
6289:
6284:
6274:
6269:
6264:
6254:
6253:
6252:
6247:
6242:
6237:
6232:
6227:
6222:
6217:
6209:
6204:
6203:
6202:
6197:
6187:
6182:
6177:
6171:
6169:
6157:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6123:
6113:
6107:
6105:
6099:
6098:
6096:
6095:
6094:
6093:
6083:
6082:
6081:
6071:
6070:
6069:
6059:
6058:
6057:
6047:
6046:
6045:
6040:
6030:
6029:
6028:
6023:
6018:
6013:
6008:
5998:
5997:
5996:
5986:
5985:
5984:
5979:
5974:
5969:
5959:
5958:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5865:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5833:
5832:
5831:
5826:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5809:
5800:
5798:
5792:
5791:
5789:
5788:
5787:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5736:
5735:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5727:
5717:
5716:
5715:
5710:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5667:
5665:
5648:
5645:
5644:
5642:
5641:
5634:
5627:
5620:
5613:
5606:
5599:
5592:
5585:
5580:
5575:
5570:
5565:
5558:
5553:
5548:
5543:
5538:
5490:
5487:
5486:
5479:
5478:
5471:
5464:
5456:
5447:
5446:
5444:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5427:
5425:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5405:Near-parabolic
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5371:
5369:
5363:
5362:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5353:
5351:Scattered disc
5348:
5343:
5338:
5328:
5323:
5322:
5321:
5319:Neptune trojan
5316:
5308:
5306:
5300:
5299:
5297:
5296:
5294:Spectral types
5291:
5286:
5284:Jupiter trojan
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5260:
5258:
5252:
5251:
5249:
5248:
5243:
5238:
5233:
5228:
5222:
5216:
5210:
5209:
5202:
5201:
5194:
5187:
5179:
5170:
5169:
5167:
5166:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5144:
5131:
5129:
5123:
5122:
5120:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5084:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5058:
5056:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5034:
5022:
5010:
4998:
4986:
4974:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4925:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4893:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4750:Gǃkúnǁʼhòmdímà
4746:
4744:
4742:Scattered disc
4738:
4737:
4735:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4617:
4611:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4479:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4426:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4414:
4409:
4403:
4401:
4395:
4394:
4392:
4391:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4298:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4271:
4266:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4240:
4238:
4232:
4231:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4217:
4215:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4188:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4162:
4161:
4160:
4148:
4147:
4146:
4141:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4115:
4114:
4113:
4108:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4051:
4038:
4036:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3993:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3976:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3953:
3944:
3943:
3941:
3940:
3935:
3923:
3917:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3900:
3899:
3898:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3864:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3780:
3778:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3765:
3760:
3759:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3722:
3720:
3716:
3715:
3708:
3707:
3700:
3693:
3685:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3670:
3669:
3667:Large KBO page
3658:
3654:Nine planets,
3650:
3649:External links
3647:
3645:
3644:
3618:
3605:10.1086/422095
3581:(1): 645–649.
3563:
3535:
3506:
3463:
3426:(4): 357–366.
3408:
3353:
3302:
3274:
3265:
3240:
3215:
3201:
3175:
3153:
3122:(1): 838–846.
3100:
3042:
3016:(2): 589–601.
2991:
2984:
2956:
2938:
2916:
2899:
2862:(2): 622–642.
2845:
2832:10.1086/499575
2797:
2774:
2755:(1): 168–178.
2737:
2724:10.1086/342447
2686:Barucci, M. A.
2661:
2637:(2): 641–664.
2623:Hainaut, O. R.
2614:
2577:(3): L29–L32.
2558:
2521:
2453:
2425:10.1086/422095
2401:(1): 645–649.
2373:
2367:10.1086/427395
2329:
2314:
2255:
2198:
2184:
2165:
2134:(1): L59–L63.
2112:
2091:
2069:
2043:
2017:
1992:
1979:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1888:
1885:
1881:unknown planet
1823:
1820:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1706:
1703:
1689:
1688:
1685:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1653:
1652:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1625:
1611:
1610:
1603:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1540:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1526:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1503:
1502:
1499:
1493:
1492:
1469:
1463:
1462:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1435:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1416:
1415:
1412:
1399:
1398:
1395:scattered disc
1391:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1358:the prototype
1356:
1350:
1349:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1311:
1308:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1212:
1208:
1205:
1197:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1177:
1172:
1166:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1044:
1040:
1039:
1030:
1021:
1012:
1003:
994:
985:
981:
980:
971:
962:
953:
944:
935:
926:
922:
921:
912:
903:
894:
885:
876:
867:
863:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
811:
810:
807:Scattered disc
804:
772:, the centaur
757:Colour indices
731:
730:Color indices
728:
653:
652:
642:
635:colour indices
632:
612:
609:
601:galactic tides
580:
572:
568:
557:scattered disc
552:
549:
480:The Edgeworth–
477:
474:
439:scattered disc
407:
406:Classification
404:
368:Clyde Tombaugh
363:
360:
313:
310:
308:
305:
288:, coated with
256:, followed by
237:and more than
219:scattered disc
158:
157:
155:
154:
147:
140:
132:
129:
128:
127:
126:
125:
124:
118:
117:
116:
115:
114:
99:
98:
97:
86:
85:
84:
83:
82:
76:
65:
62:Classical KBOs
47:
42:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7288:
7277:
7274:
7272:
7269:
7267:
7264:
7262:
7259:
7258:
7256:
7246:
7236:
7234:
7224:
7222:
7212:
7210:
7200:
7199:
7196:
7185:
7176:
7169:
7162:
7155:
7149:
7143:
7137:
7130:
7123:
7116:
7109:
7102:
7095:
7088:
7082:
7072:
7070:
7060:
7058:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7042:
7039:
7024:
7023:Tidal locking
7021:
7019:
7016:
7014:
7011:
7009:
7006:
7004:
7003:Double planet
7001:
7000:
6998:
6994:
6988:
6985:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6958:
6956:
6955:Minor planets
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6935:
6931:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6917:
6913:
6910:
6909:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6896:
6893:
6889:
6888:Merging stars
6886:
6885:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6860:
6859:
6856:
6854:
6851:
6849:
6846:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6836:
6834:
6831:
6829:
6826:
6824:
6821:
6819:
6816:
6814:
6811:
6809:
6806:
6804:
6801:
6799:
6796:
6794:
6791:
6789:
6786:
6784:
6781:
6779:
6776:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6763:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6710:
6707:
6706:
6705:
6702:
6700:
6697:
6695:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6687:
6681:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6638:
6635:
6634:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6611:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6576:
6572:
6569:
6567:
6564:
6563:
6562:
6559:
6555:
6552:
6550:
6547:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6540:
6537:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6521:
6517:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6501:
6498:
6496:
6493:
6491:
6490:Subsatellites
6488:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6476:
6473:
6471:
6468:
6466:
6463:
6461:
6458:
6457:
6455:
6453:
6450:Hypothetical
6447:
6444:
6435:
6432:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6406:
6403:
6401:
6398:
6397:
6396:
6393:
6392:
6391:
6388:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6374:
6371:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
6347:
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6316:Asteroid belt
6314:
6312:
6309:
6305:
6302:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6279:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6268:
6265:
6263:
6260:
6259:
6258:
6255:
6251:
6248:
6246:
6243:
6241:
6238:
6236:
6233:
6231:
6228:
6226:
6223:
6221:
6218:
6216:
6213:
6212:
6210:
6208:
6205:
6201:
6198:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6191:
6190:Minor planets
6188:
6186:
6183:
6181:
6178:
6176:
6173:
6172:
6170:
6168:
6158:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6121:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6100:
6092:
6089:
6088:
6087:
6084:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6075:
6072:
6068:
6065:
6064:
6063:
6060:
6056:
6053:
6052:
6051:
6048:
6044:
6041:
6039:
6036:
6035:
6034:
6031:
6027:
6024:
6022:
6019:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6004:
6003:
6002:
5999:
5995:
5992:
5991:
5990:
5987:
5983:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5973:
5970:
5968:
5965:
5964:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5926:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5866:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5838:
5837:
5834:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5821:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5785:
5782:
5780:
5777:
5775:
5772:
5770:
5767:
5765:
5762:
5760:
5757:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5741:
5740:
5737:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5722:
5721:
5718:
5714:
5711:
5709:
5706:
5705:
5704:
5701:
5700:
5699:
5696:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5672:
5669:
5668:
5666:
5664:
5659:
5655:
5652:
5651:
5646:
5640:
5639:
5635:
5633:
5632:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5612:
5611:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5600:
5598:
5597:
5593:
5591:
5590:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5574:
5571:
5569:
5566:
5564:
5563:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5533:
5488:
5484:
5477:
5472:
5470:
5465:
5463:
5458:
5457:
5454:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5368:
5364:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5311:
5310:
5309:
5307:
5305:
5301:
5295:
5292:
5290:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5274:Asteroid belt
5272:
5270:
5269:Aten asteroid
5267:
5265:
5262:
5261:
5259:
5257:
5253:
5247:
5244:
5242:
5239:
5237:
5234:
5232:
5229:
5227:
5224:
5223:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5214:Minor planets
5211:
5207:
5200:
5195:
5193:
5188:
5186:
5181:
5180:
5177:
5165:
5157:
5156:
5153:
5142:
5133:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5124:
5117:
5110:
5107:
5100:
5097:
5090:
5087:
5080:
5077:
5070:
5067:
5060:
5059:
5057:
5055:
5051:
5044:
5035:
5032:
5023:
5020:
5011:
5008:
4999:
4996:
4987:
4984:
4975:
4972:
4963:
4960:
4953:
4950:
4941:
4938:
4931:
4928:
4921:
4918:
4911:
4908:
4901:
4898:
4894:
4891:
4882:
4879:
4872:
4869:
4862:
4859:
4850:
4847:
4840:
4837:
4828:
4825:
4818:
4815:
4808:
4805:
4798:
4795:
4788:
4785:
4778:
4775:
4768:
4765:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4739:
4732:
4725:
4722:
4715:
4712:
4705:
4702:
4695:
4692:
4685:
4682:
4673:
4670:
4663:
4660:
4653:
4650:
4643:
4640:
4633:
4630:
4623:
4620:
4613:
4612:
4610:
4606:
4599:
4590:
4587:
4580:
4577:
4570:
4567:
4560:
4557:
4550:
4547:
4540:
4537:
4530:
4527:
4520:
4517:
4510:
4507:
4500:
4497:
4490:
4487:
4480:
4477:
4468:
4465:
4458:
4455:
4448:
4446:
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4427:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4412:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4396:
4389:
4380:
4377:
4370:
4367:
4360:
4357:
4350:
4347:
4340:
4337:
4330:
4327:
4320:
4317:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4277:
4274:
4267:
4264:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4245:
4242:
4241:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4214:
4213:Asteroid belt
4210:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4192:
4182:
4181:
4177:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4163:
4159:
4156:
4155:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4097:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4044:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4033:
4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3985:
3981:
3980:Dwarf planets
3974:
3969:
3967:
3962:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3951:
3939:
3936:
3933:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3897:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3865:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3851:
3848:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3797:
3794:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3774:
3773:Dwarf planets
3770:
3764:
3761:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3742:
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3701:
3699:
3694:
3692:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3652:
3633:
3629:
3622:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3575:
3567:
3552:
3551:
3546:
3539:
3524:
3517:
3510:
3502:
3496:
3481:
3477:
3470:
3468:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3420:
3412:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3313:
3306:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3279:
3269:
3254:
3250:
3244:
3229:
3225:
3219:
3211:
3205:
3189:
3188:New Scientist
3185:
3179:
3163:
3157:
3148:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3104:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3002:
2995:
2987:
2981:
2977:
2970:
2966:
2960:
2952:
2948:
2942:
2926:
2920:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2807:
2803:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2781:
2779:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2749:
2741:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2682:Thébault, Ph.
2679:
2678:Fornasier, S.
2675:
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2334:
2326:. p. 43.
2325:
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2006:
2002:
1996:
1989:
1983:
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1965:
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1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1877:perturbations
1874:
1870:
1865:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1836:
1828:
1819:
1815:
1813:
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1805:
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1633:United States
1630:
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1507:136108 Haumea
1505:
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1137:
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1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1104:Spectral type
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1045:
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1041:
1031:
1022:
1013:
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995:
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678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
651:
648:, visual and
647:
643:
640:
636:
633:
630:
626:
625:
624:
617:
608:
606:
603:. However, a
602:
598:
597:giant planets
594:
593:perturbations
590:
586:
578:
566:
562:
558:
548:
546:
542:
538:
535:
531:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
473:
470:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
424:
423:Euler diagram
420:
412:
403:
400:
390:
386:
385:dwarf planets
382:
378:
374:
369:
359:
357:
353:
349:
348:
343:
339:
335:
334:gravitational
328:
327:
322:
318:
304:
302:
298:
293:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:80 satellites
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
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197:
193:
189:
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177:
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134:
133:
131:
130:
122:
119:
113:
110:
109:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:Resonant SDOs
93:
92:
90:
87:
80:
77:
74:
71:
70:
69:
68:Resonant KBOs
66:
63:
60:
59:
57:
54:
53:
51:
48:
46:
43:
41:
38:
37:
36:
35:
32:
24:
19:
7261:Solar System
7245:Solar system
7179:Each arrow (
7101:Local Bubble
7087:Solar System
7085:
6878:Planetesimal
6833:Kuiper cliff
6561:Space probes
6534:Colonization
6389:
6373:Kirkwood gap
6294:Saturn Moons
6207:Planetesimal
5671:Terrestrials
5636:
5629:
5622:
5615:
5608:
5601:
5594:
5587:
5560:
5483:Solar System
5441:Space debris
5330:
4178:
4164:
4150:
4131:
4117:
4098:
4074:
4060:
4041:
3711:
3635:. Retrieved
3631:
3621:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3554:. Retrieved
3548:
3538:
3526:. Retrieved
3523:hou.usra.edu
3522:
3509:
3485:23 September
3483:. Retrieved
3479:
3423:
3417:
3411:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3321:
3315:
3305:
3295:23 September
3293:. Retrieved
3290:ResearchGate
3289:
3268:
3258:23 September
3256:. Retrieved
3253:ResearchGate
3252:
3243:
3231:. Retrieved
3227:
3218:
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3187:
3178:
3166:. Retrieved
3156:
3119:
3113:
3103:
3062:
3058:
3045:
3034:the original
3013:
3007:
2994:
2975:
2959:
2950:
2941:
2929:. Retrieved
2919:
2907:
2902:
2859:
2855:
2848:
2805:
2801:
2752:
2746:
2740:
2697:
2693:
2674:de Bergh, C.
2664:
2634:
2630:
2617:
2574:
2570:
2534:
2524:
2476:
2472:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2437:the original
2398:
2392:
2376:
2349:
2345:
2323:
2317:
2272:
2268:
2258:
2215:
2211:
2201:
2187:
2178:
2168:
2131:
2125:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2072:
2060:. Retrieved
2055:
2046:
2034:. Retrieved
2029:
2020:
2008:. Retrieved
2004:
1995:
1987:
1982:
1968:
1893:Dwarf planet
1847:
1816:
1812:New Horizons
1811:
1785:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1741:New Horizons
1739:
1737:
1732:New Horizons
1731:
1648:New Horizons
1646:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1450:50000 Quaoar
1430:20000 Varuna
1354:15760 Albion
1337:134340 Pluto
1331:Description
1288:
1268:
1261:
1225:
1148:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1119:
1113:
812:
800:
796:
781:
780:are plotted
755:
715:
685:
654:
644:analysis of
622:
605:passing star
554:
526:
514:15760 Albion
479:
428:
373:15760 Albion
365:
345:
331:
326:New Horizons
324:
294:
272:. More than
250:15760 Albion
243:
235:901 numbered
204:
180:Solar System
176:minor planet
171:
167:
163:
161:
49:
18:
7233:Outer space
7221:Spaceflight
7142:Local Sheet
7136:Local Group
6919:Rubble pile
6907:Roche limit
6902:Ring system
6853:Outer space
6828:Kuiper belt
6798:Hill sphere
6793:Hills cloud
6741:Debris disk
6736:Cosmic dust
6520:Exploration
6475:Planet Nine
6460:Fifth giant
6434:Hills cloud
6395:Kuiper belt
6366:exceptional
6282:Trojan camp
5431:Cosmic dust
5395:Long-period
5385:Halley-type
5341:Kuiper belt
5226:Designation
3921:90377 Sedna
3719:TNO classes
2951:obs-nice.fr
2906:A. Barucci
2690:Veillet, C.
1908:Planet Nine
1854:90377 Sedna
1804:Kuiper belt
1800:brown dwarf
1722:Exploration
1714:Kuiper Belt
1684:"FarFarOut"
1531:136199 Eris
1497:90482 Orcus
1467:90377 Sedna
1460:Roche limit
1440:28978 Ixion
1420:47171 Lempo
1292:micrometres
1275:occultation
1219:) and 3% CO
718:2060 Chiron
669:Kuiper belt
482:Kuiper belt
449:(including
435:Kuiper belt
215:Kuiper belt
64:(cubewanos)
7255:Categories
7161:Local Hole
7108:Gould Belt
6848:Oort cloud
6684:Formation,
6674:Deep space
6510:Vulcanoids
6427:Oort cloud
6351:first 1000
6287:Greek camp
6185:Meteoroids
6180:Damocloids
6126:Charikloan
5436:Meteoroids
5415:Sungrazing
5390:Hyperbolic
5346:Oort cloud
5289:Near-Earth
4608:Other KBOs
4226:Interamnia
4087:Atmosphere
4054:Atmosphere
4021:Mesoplanet
3556:7 February
3528:13 October
3129:1710.07610
2965:Jewitt, D.
2658:datasource
2282:1511.02896
2062:23 October
2036:23 October
2010:23 October
1961:References
1898:Mesoplanet
1842:See also:
1808:Oort cloud
1798:) up to a
1792:Earth mass
1734:spacecraft
1296:wavelength
1108:See also:
734:See also:
673:solar wind
496:, and the
323:imaged by
297:perihelion
123:(ICO/OCOs)
7209:Astronomy
7122:Milky Way
7115:Orion Arm
6883:Formation
6868:Migration
6863:Disrupted
6731:Coatlicue
6699:Accretion
6686:evolution
6632:Asteroids
6544:astronomy
6539:Discovery
6400:Cubewanos
6321:Asteroids
6151:Quaoarian
6141:Neptunian
6131:Chironean
6116:Saturnian
5898:Enceladus
5326:Damocloid
4755:Dziewanna
4422:Cubewanos
4205:Candidate
4035:Consensus
3763:TNO moons
3726:Cubewanos
3550:Space.com
3480:Space.com
3458:119219926
3433:1301.3831
3403:118414447
3378:0712.2198
3348:121392983
3324:(1): 33.
3233:1 January
3194:11 August
3168:7 October
2931:7 October
2869:0704.0350
2553:2397-3366
2275:(2): 31.
2250:118644497
2225:1210.4827
2218:(1): L2.
2141:1406.0715
1796:Sub-Earth
1629:Joe Biden
1483:(DDO) or
1475:(E-SDO),
1372:the next
1304:magnitude
1211:O, 16% CH
1192:and 14% C
1176:(methane)
1155:silicates
840:Cubewanos
595:from the
589:perihelia
347:Voyager 2
303:(ETNOs).
233:contains
225:with the
207:classical
174:, is any
29:Types of
7175:Universe
7013:Moonlets
6593:programs
6566:timeline
6554:timeline
6485:Planet X
6480:Planet V
6417:Sednoids
6405:Plutinos
6378:Centaurs
6356:families
6091:Dysnomia
6079:Xiangliu
6074:Gonggong
6062:Makemake
6021:Kerberos
5908:Hyperion
5846:Callisto
5841:Ganymede
5774:Gonggong
5769:Makemake
5624:Gonggong
5617:Makemake
5410:Periodic
5336:Detached
5256:Asteroid
5164:Category
5127:Sednoids
4399:Twotinos
4294:Plutinos
4244:Chariklo
4236:Centaurs
4166:Gonggong
4119:Makemake
3913:Sednoids
3896:Dysnomia
3884:Xiangliu
3879:Gonggong
3867:Makemake
3816:Kerberos
3756:Twotinos
3751:Plutinos
3495:cite web
3087:17361177
2894:12844258
2840:11484750
2732:30565926
2513:Archived
2501:24670765
2309:55213074
1887:See also
1850:sednoids
1806:and the
1702:"DeeDee"
1666:"Farout"
1568:Xiangliu
1537:Dysnomia
1360:cubewano
1306:of 1.0.
1271:diameter
1217:methanol
1116:centaurs
845:Centaurs
835:Plutinos
826:
712:centaurs
681:regolith
657:centaurs
650:infrared
585:Sednoids
522:Makemake
506:plutinos
502:twotinos
486:ecliptic
443:centaurs
377:ecliptic
356:ecliptic
270:Gonggong
266:Makemake
227:sednoids
211:resonant
198:of 30.1
112:Sednoids
79:Twotinos
73:Plutinos
40:Centaurs
7276:Neptune
7195:Portals
6996:Related
6975:by size
6664:Neptune
6649:Jupiter
6600:Mercury
6525:outline
6470:Phaeton
6465:Nemesis
6452:objects
6304:Neptune
6277:Jupiter
6257:Trojans
6250:Neptune
6235:Jupiter
6215:Mercury
6146:Haumean
6136:Uranian
6118: (
6038:Hiʻiaka
5972:Proteus
5962:Neptune
5950:Miranda
5940:Umbriel
5930:Titania
5918:all 146
5883:Iapetus
5836:Jupiter
5730:Neptune
5708:Jupiter
5676:Mercury
5658:Planets
5583:Neptune
5568:Jupiter
5541:Mercury
5375:Extinct
5314:Centaur
5136:2012 VP
5113:2008 ST
5103:2007 JJ
5093:2005 TB
5083:2004 XR
5073:2003 QX
5063:2003 FY
5038:2021 LL
5026:2021 DR
5014:2018 VG
5002:2018 AG
4990:2017 FO
4978:2015 RR
4966:2015 KH
4956:2014 WK
4944:2014 UZ
4934:2014 EZ
4924:2014 AN
4914:2013 FY
4904:2010 VZ
4897:2010 TJ
4885:2010 JO
4875:2010 RF
4865:2010 RE
4853:2010 KZ
4843:2008 OG
4831:2006 QH
4821:2005 RM
4811:2005 QU
4801:2004 XA
4791:2002 TC
4781:2001 UR
4771:1996 TL
4761:1996 GQ
4728:2015 RR
4718:2015 AM
4708:2014 UM
4698:2013 FZ
4688:2011 GM
4676:2011 FW
4666:2010 VK
4656:2010 JO
4646:2002 XW
4636:2000 YW
4626:1999 DE
4616:1999 CD
4593:2010 FX
4583:2005 UQ
4573:2005 RN
4563:2004 UX
4553:2004 TY
4543:2004 PF
4533:2004 NT
4523:2004 GV
4513:2003 QW
4503:2002 UX
4493:2002 MS
4483:2002 KX
4471:2002 CY
4461:2002 AW
4451:1998 SN
4435:Salacia
4408:2002 WC
4383:2017 OF
4373:2007 JH
4363:2003 VS
4353:2003 UZ
4343:2003 AZ
4333:2002 XV
4323:2002 VR
4313:2001 QF
4280:2014 NW
4270:2013 TC
4260:1999 OX
4082:Geology
4049:Geology
4026:Planemo
3927:2012 VP
3838:Hiʻiaka
3776:(moons)
3637:18 July
3613:7738201
3593:Bibcode
3438:Bibcode
3383:Bibcode
3326:Bibcode
3134:Bibcode
3095:4430027
3067:Bibcode
3018:Bibcode
2874:Bibcode
2820:Bibcode
2757:Bibcode
2712:Bibcode
2639:Bibcode
2609:8515984
2589:Bibcode
2537:: 1–7.
2509:4393431
2481:Bibcode
2446:2 April
2433:7738201
2413:Bibcode
2354:Bibcode
2287:Bibcode
2230:Bibcode
2146:Bibcode
2105:11 July
2084:10 July
1913:Sednoid
1859:2012 VP
1771:1998 WW
1760:2002 UX
1694:2014 UZ
1676:2018 AG
1658:2018 VG
1624:"Biden"
1616:2012 VP
1553:"Buffy"
1404:1998 WW
1397:object
1374:plutino
1347:plutino
1279:thermal
1159:tholins
1134:) with
822:in the
696:tholins
688:organic
646:spectra
494:Neptune
394:2018 VG
387:by the
307:History
290:tholins
286:methane
192:Neptune
178:in the
91:(SDOs)
58:(KBOs)
52:(TNOs)
7170:
7163:
7156:
7131:
7124:
7117:
7110:
7103:
7096:
7089:
7018:Syzygy
6940:Comets
6873:System
6858:Planet
6751:EXCEDE
6659:Uranus
6654:Saturn
6644:Comets
6637:mining
6615:mining
6505:Vulcan
6346:active
6341:Hygiea
6336:Pallas
6299:Uranus
6245:Uranus
6240:Saturn
6175:Comets
6167:bodies
6165:System
6111:Jovian
6055:Weywot
6050:Quaoar
6043:Namaka
6033:Haumea
6006:Charon
5982:all 16
5977:Nereid
5967:Triton
5955:all 28
5935:Oberon
5925:Uranus
5913:Phoebe
5893:Tethys
5868:Saturn
5861:all 95
5856:Europa
5829:Deimos
5824:Phobos
5803:Earth
5764:Quaoar
5759:Haumea
5739:Dwarfs
5725:Uranus
5713:Saturn
5698:Giants
5663:dwarfs
5610:Quaoar
5603:Haumea
5578:Uranus
5573:Saturn
5367:Comets
5279:Family
5264:Active
5231:Groups
4445:Varuna
4254:Pholus
4249:Chiron
4221:Hygiea
4133:Quaoar
4100:Haumea
4014:Pallas
4004:Triton
3999:Phoebe
3855:Weywot
3850:Quaoar
3833:Namaka
3828:Haumea
3801:Charon
3611:
3456:
3401:
3346:
3093:
3085:
3059:Nature
3009:Icarus
2982:
2892:
2856:Icarus
2838:
2748:Icarus
2730:
2607:
2551:
2507:
2499:
2473:Nature
2431:
2307:
2248:
1928:Triton
1867:, and
1779:, and
1602:"Niku"
1584:"Drac"
1456:Weywot
1328:Object
1284:albedo
1202:ethane
855:Comets
831:Color
774:Pholus
770:Phoebe
766:Triton
708:comets
700:Haumea
692:carbon
665:Phoebe
661:Triton
541:r-band
534:g-band
518:Quaoar
268:, and
262:Haumea
217:, the
202:(AU).
184:orbits
6933:Lists
6669:Pluto
6627:Ceres
6605:Venus
6500:Tyche
6495:Theia
6331:Vesta
6326:Ceres
6267:Earth
6262:Venus
6225:Earth
6220:Venus
6200:moons
6163:Solar
6161:Small
6120:Rhean
6103:Rings
6016:Hydra
6001:Pluto
5994:Vanth
5989:Orcus
5945:Ariel
5903:Mimas
5888:Dione
5873:Titan
5796:Moons
5784:Sedna
5754:Pluto
5749:Orcus
5744:Ceres
5686:Earth
5681:Venus
5638:Sedna
5596:Pluto
5589:Orcus
5562:Ceres
5551:Earth
5546:Venus
5424:Other
5380:Great
4440:Varda
4430:Chaos
4307:Ixion
4180:Sedna
4144:Rings
4106:Moons
4092:Moons
4076:Pluto
4062:Orcus
4043:Ceres
4009:Vesta
3903:Sedna
3860:Rings
3821:Hydra
3796:Pluto
3789:Vanth
3784:Orcus
3609:S2CID
3583:arXiv
3519:(PDF)
3454:S2CID
3428:arXiv
3399:S2CID
3373:arXiv
3344:S2CID
3124:arXiv
3091:S2CID
3055:(PDF)
3037:(PDF)
3004:(PDF)
2972:(PDF)
2890:S2CID
2864:arXiv
2836:S2CID
2810:arXiv
2728:S2CID
2702:arXiv
2605:S2CID
2579:arXiv
2516:(PDF)
2505:S2CID
2469:(PDF)
2440:(PDF)
2429:S2CID
2403:arXiv
2389:(PDF)
2305:S2CID
2277:arXiv
2246:S2CID
2220:arXiv
2136:arXiv
1939:Notes
1781:Lempo
1241:O ice
1132:Sedna
1126:) to
1124:Orcus
1096:0.057
1092:0.416
1087:0.059
1083:0.451
1078:0.102
1074:0.517
1069:0.150
1065:0.548
1060:0.148
1056:0.586
1051:0.135
1047:0.536
1037:0.090
1033:0.861
1028:0.141
1024:0.935
1019:0.220
1015:1.070
1010:0.245
1006:1.104
1001:0.237
997:1.181
992:0.201
988:1.095
978:0.048
974:0.445
969:0.122
965:0.441
960:0.132
956:0.553
951:0.127
947:0.573
942:0.126
938:0.622
933:0.106
929:0.568
919:0.091
915:0.777
910:0.035
906:0.795
901:0.159
897:0.875
892:0.213
888:0.886
883:0.174
879:0.973
874:0.190
870:0.895
716:(see
704:Pluto
510:Pluto
459:Sedna
321:Pluto
278:color
258:Pluto
182:that
6622:Mars
6610:Moon
6588:list
6571:list
6272:Mars
6230:Mars
6086:Eris
6026:Styx
5878:Rhea
5819:Mars
5807:Moon
5779:Eris
5691:Mars
5631:Eris
5556:Mars
5400:Lost
5241:Moon
5236:List
4302:Huya
4172:Moon
4158:Moon
4152:Eris
4139:Moon
4125:Moon
4111:Ring
4068:Moon
3891:Eris
3843:Ring
3806:Styx
3639:2016
3558:2016
3530:2019
3501:link
3487:2019
3297:2019
3260:2019
3235:2019
3196:2016
3170:2013
3083:PMID
2980:ISBN
2933:2013
2549:ISSN
2497:PMID
2448:2008
2107:2014
2086:2014
2064:2018
2038:2018
2012:2018
1318:and
1256:Moon
1215:OH (
1138:and
1043:R–I
984:V–I
925:V–R
866:B–V
850:SDOs
801:Halo
797:Core
778:Mars
768:and
720:and
675:and
561:Eris
555:The
551:SDOs
520:and
476:KBOs
381:Eris
254:Eris
221:and
209:and
186:the
6361:PHA
6011:Nix
5720:Ice
5703:Gas
5536:Sun
5139:113
5115:291
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4555:364
4545:115
4474:248
4463:197
4453:165
4355:413
4325:128
4315:298
4272:146
3930:113
3872:MK2
3811:Nix
3601:doi
3579:617
3446:doi
3424:116
3391:doi
3369:135
3334:doi
3322:726
3142:doi
3120:474
3075:doi
3063:446
3026:doi
3014:184
2912:IAU
2882:doi
2860:190
2828:doi
2806:639
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2753:183
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2698:124
2647:doi
2635:389
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