Tracy Philipps - Knowledge

356: 1843:, were allegedly threatened with deportation to Germany. He claimed the men, sixty among several thousand Ukrainians prisoners in Britain that served in some capacity with the Germans, were sick and set to be shipped to Germany on 12 June; he expressed special concern for a teenage boy who had gone blind and had no friends or relatives in Germany. In another letter sent a month later Philipps reported the affected men had not been deported after all, which he partly attributed to the publicity generated by the first letter, but emphasised the possibility of the men being "quietly shipped off by the July (or subsequent) ship when public opinion is thought to have died down". 1212:. Philipps himself spoke during the 16th session, on the afternoon of the final day of the conference, on ways in which shared participation and common goals in Africa could avert the path to war in Europe. He suggested to delegates that if the European powers could develop Africa 'as a field of opportunity, equal guarantee, and equal rights for all the nations of the European family' this could have the effect of 'resolidarising' Europeans in Europe itself. Essentially, Philipps was in favour of 're-admitting Germany as a partner at the table where tropical riches were to be re-distributed' in the hope this would avoid conflict in Europe. 2375: 1340:, was being told that the 'Ukrainian question seems likely to boil up' very soon. Any such German plan would, however, require driving a wedge through Polish-held territory in order to reach Soviet Ukraine, something Poland was very unlikely to agree to. Consequently, some British analysts began to feel war between Germany and Poland was unavoidable, though Lord Halifax was also informed by experts that because the Poles would be unwilling to allow the Germans to move across their territory without a fight, Hitler would probably deploy his forces to the west first – a prediction 1587:"From the day of the British guarantee to Poland, it has been clear that the Ukrainians are the main key to the relations between the Russians' and the Prussians' empires who are allied against us. The reality of these relations is vital to us. If our declarations are true, then no new promise is necessary for Ukrainians. If we have the courage to be clear and to dissipate doubts of the clarity and sincerity of our declarations, which in the last war did our reputation so much deadly damage among the peoples of the Near East, such as the Jews and Arabs, Bulgars ( 367: 541: 1608:"a Danish-type independence" ... something far more advanced than their present political serfdom under Moscow. If he were successful, he could draw from fifty million Ukrainians labourers and soldiers both to develop and protect Ukraine. So far there has been no response. For the British peoples, the logical development would spell misfortune ... If, in Europe, Ukrainians have no hope of any other support, it is not unreasonable to suppose that the German proposition will at least receive careful consideration." 2004: 553: 1372: 189: 169: 1277: 1865: 1443:: they were divided into multiple organisations and did not agree on the political future of their homeland. Philipps himself was pleased with the reception he received from immigrant communities in the more remote parts of Canada, comparing it to what he had witnessed with Lawrence of Arabia among the Arab rebels during the Great War. Officials, perhaps sensitive to the hidden purpose of his "public speaking tour", denied Philipps had any connection with the Foreign Office. 33: 1439:

National Council of Education. He spoke to business clubs, local clubs, and the Canadian Institute of International Affairs and lectured on the Near East and Eastern Europe in the aftermath of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. While on this tour he was invited by organisers to give lectures to local immigrant groups on current events in Europe, and used this tour to relay information on the views of the European immigrant population in Canada to the British government.

2364: 740: 1995:. He described this role as "the first job in my life that gives me real satisfaction because its aim is of real concern to the future of mankind and our planet". He did not take a salary, as the finances of the Union were in a poor state. He retired at the end of 1958 due to health concerns. Obituaries of Philipps generally highlighted this aspect of his career as opposed to his activities as a soldier and his time in the Colonial Service. 1472: 1902:) should be downplayed, as all Christian groups and regimes needed to be enlisted in the propaganda war against Communism. On 1 December 1952 Philipps was appointed to a "Special Sub-Committee on Information about the Treatment of the Churches in Communist Countries", which explored methods of bringing to public attention the treatment of churches in Eastern Europe by communist authorities. 1056:. He noted in a letter to an American friend, Charles Francis de Ganahl, that his temperature had gone down and he had gained 16 pounds (7.3 kg) in weight, having 'dropped from 13 to 7 stone', or 98 pounds (44 kg), the previous month. Since he was no longer in an assigned position in Africa, he considered seeking a transfer to somewhere in the Near East. Writing to de Ganahl from 1087:) brought out rampant corruption among the chiefs in power at the expense of the ordinary native population. Towards the end of 1933 he had submitted several highly critical reports concerning the quality of native administration, having chosen to bypass native courts during his inquiries and encouraged the local peasantry to submit their grievances to himself. 827: 1653:

Philipps and his wife had acrimoniously separated shortly after arriving in Ottawa, which hurt his reputation in the capital. By October 1941, as the Nationalities Branch was taking shape, mother and son were living with government press censor Ladislaus Biberovich and his wife. This was the catalyst

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In essence, Philipps believed that Africa's "inexperience in political terms" meant the imposition of full democracy was unwise, instead advocating a hybrid form of government built on partial endorsement of pre-colonial sources of authority; and crucially, implemented from a position of strength to

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Philipps' work in the IRD was intertwined with his membership of the Church of England Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), an anti-communist outfit whom the IRD collaborated with. Philipps was a member of both organisations. He argued in a 1949 CFR meeting that the persecution of Christians by other

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Writing in 1922, Philipps noted a growing racial consciousness in Africa, which he blamed on propaganda spread by the Soviet Union and American black intellectuals. He declared that "the coloured peoples are awakening or re-awakening from an age-long sleep". Nonetheless, he felt what he regarded as

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signed by the Allied Powers. He believed that displaced persons were entitled to choose, for political or economic reasons, not to return to their country of origin, and be informed of the consequences of their choice. He did not spend long in his UNRRA job and resigned in 1945. In a letter written

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After completing his work with the RCMP, he continued as an adviser to the Canadian Government on immigrant European communities, working to increase the loyalty of "new Canadians" at the newly formed Nationalities Branch. Also joining him was Vladimir Kysilewsky – the old Director of the Ukrainian

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In April 1941, Davis offered Philipps the role of Director of the European Section the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) on a temporary basis, tasked with him helping to build unity behind the war effort amongst Canadian immigrant communities. His first major assignment was a trip to the United

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and Nansen's International Committee for Russian Relief (ICRR). This allowed him to travel through the Ukrainian and Russian countryside and become familiar with the people and their traditions, but also developed a permanent resentment of the Soviet system. He later reported seeing the remains of

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outfit, operating from the very same building in support of British interests. Philipps may have been left "in the dark" by Huxley as he had already earned a reputation with British officials in Canada for straying beyond his remit by sending intelligence reports on matters that had nothing to do

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outfit, launched in 1940 to win American support for Britain by casting British war aims in light of a new "internationalism" – intended to counteract American suspicions that Britain's true aim was to preserve its empire. Philipps was there to seek Huxley's views on a proposal of Count Vladislav

1431:. As fears of a German invasion grew, the British upper-classes rushed to secure evacuation berths for wives, children and servants. On this matter Philipps wrote to Lord Halifax in July on the assimilation of British children into Canadian homes; having already provided assistance to his cousin, 1745:

Grierson's efforts would come to nought however, as General LaFleche refused to have Philipps removed despite his personal dislike for the man, or to transfer the Nationalities Branch to Grierson's control. LaFleche felt this would hurt ethnic minority outreach efforts and create an opening that

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civil servants concluded they could not encourage 'a movement of national liberation which we could in no circumstances support in anything but words' – effectively Britain's answer to the 'Ukrainian Question' during the interwar period. This disappointed lobbyists like Arnold Margolin, a Jewish

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from "virtually every stop" on his route. Philipps' extravagances, which included expenses claims for first-class rail travel and valet services, caused concerns with the frugal RCMP as he made his way across Canada and the United States to interview foreign-born workers. On the other hand, his

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Philipps' travels across Canada have been described as a "frenetic itinerary of public speaking and factory inspections". Towards the public he maintained the pretense that he was in North America purely to go on a public speaking tour that had been arranged in advance under the auspices of the

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While the British government was not motivated to intervene itself, it was still concerned with the designs of other European powers. British officials worried that Germany might strengthen itself by aligning with Ukrainian national aspirations before launching a conflict with the Soviet Union.

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He thought it wrong for Britain to make any guarantees of Ukrainian sovereignty it could not keep, but, as the war was apparently being fought for the right of nations to organise themselves, believed the Allies would eventually have to face up to this principle. Before the launch of Operation

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and who had done so through coercion. Regarding Philipps' account, Cahill claimed the "story of sixty sick men having been selected for removal to Germany is a canard", that a different set of prisoners had been selected for 12 June, and there was no intention to send the sixty men "on that

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replied a week later. Cahill stated that most Ukrainian prisoners would probably be deported somewhere at a later date (though no final decision had been taken), while a few currently working in agriculture could be given "civilian status" if found to be suitably qualified. He mentioned the

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He was replaced as District Commissioner in March 1934 and, under protest, forcibly retired from the Colonial Office the following year. Tosh noted that although his superiors agreed with many of his findings, because Philipps was by now associated with an 'anti-chief' mindset, the colonial

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Barbarossa he had suggested that recognition of Ukrainian sovereignty might also be strategically necessary – fearing that Nazi Germany would make overtures to nationalist Ukrainians in exchange for military assistance in a future conflict against the Soviet Union. He worried that

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Philipps was also critical of certain aspects in how the United Nations was organised, which he felt could "paralyze its actions and effectiveness", namely: the recruitment of staff according to a nationality quota, the use of multiple languages in all its operations, and the

1048:(the home of his father-in-law the Viscount Dillon) after a 'terrible ordeal' in Africa made worse through incompetent care provided by missionaries. By January 1932, having again fallen unwell the previous year, he was on leave for health reasons at the clinic of 2224:"Only moral education and European instruction can hope to help the still undiscriminating peoples to attain such stature as to reach up, pick up and distinguish the poisonous from the life-giving fruits of the tree of knowledge-of-good-and-evil of European ways." 1799:"One of the main dangers of our modern world issues from a common belief that it is right for an individual to approve action by his country (that is, his nation) which, for himself, he would know to be wrong. This nationalist doctrine is dignified as ' 1738:, then started to meet with the Canadian Unity Council, an alliance of ethnic organisations that opposed Philipps. They argued Philipps saw himself as a "guardian" of "helpless and divided" ethnic communities that depended upon him to lead them towards 853:, describing her as 'short and handsome, with a mass of barbaric robes encrusted with gold and jewels' and having 'black, rather curly hair' In the aftermath of the journey, Philipps took Lwengoga and Daki with him to London, where the trio visited the 1654:

for an ongoing feud between Philipps and Biberovich. Philipps' efforts in the Nationalities Branch were also damaged by his eccentricity and unorthodox personal style, which proved to be jarring for members of the Canadian establishment. Politicians

1300:(especially the latter) in the guise of a newspaper correspondent and thus kept up-to-date with political developments in these countries, though his motivation for travel may have been intelligence gathering rather than any duties as a journalist. 1543:

Nevertheless, his period with the Canadian Government was less successful than his spell with the RCMP. The Ukrainian Canadian Committee (UCC) – an attempt at bringing ethnic Ukrainians in Canada under a single body (which later developed into the

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This belief in the self-determination of Ukraine was not shared by the government in London, who wished to maintain normal relations with the Soviet Union, and had shown no appetite to prejudice relations even at the height of the state-sponsored

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Philipps was eager to do something for his country, but carried injuries from the First World War that prevented him from rejoining the military. He claimed to be "ashamed to seem to be doing so very little" in a letter he wrote to Lord Halifax.

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Writing in his memoirs, Kirkconnell revealed that Philipps was suspicious of the eagerness with which some Allied officials carried out this policy and believed that the "officialdom" of the western Allies was "honeycombed with Communists and

823:, Philipps had a caravan party of approximately 50 men for the seven-month journey, including two tribal chiefs lent to him by colonial authorities, Philippo Lwengoga and Benedikto Daki, who proved to be crucial in the success of the journey. 1173:

Jewish land settlements" were unsuitable places for the "unwanted Jewish Germans and Jewish Poles" and wrote that, based on his own recent observations, they were in a "state of renaissance". A report on Philipps' visit was collected by the

1013:, he exposed abuses and advocated for reform. He spent much of this period back in the Kigezi District of Uganda, where he was known for his energy as an administrator – attempting to develop native industries in iron smelting and using the 3089:

News reaches us of J. E. T. Philipps from Hatfield Hall, Durham. He has been Editor of "The Sphinx" and "The University Magazine," and was President of "The Union" last Spring, when the Society celebrated the seventieth anniversary of its

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with the foreign-born labour force, which irritated his superior MacDonald. In any case, his "explicit valorization of the old British Empire" was not in keeping with the internationalist rhetoric British intelligence was keen to project.

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to advocate for Ukrainian nationhood, promote the interests of Ukrainian minorities, and provide an outlet for information on Ukrainian issues that stood outside the Soviet sphere of influence. On several occasions in the 1930s he visited

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which suggests he had returned to Britain in March. Philipps quickly recovered and restored his commission: he was employed at the War Office in London with the Intelligence Staff, June–August 1917; then was similarly employed at the

1568:. Philipps had, by the time of the formation of the UCC, already become known in Canada for his sympathy towards the idea of Ukrainian independence, earning him the permanent distrust of Ukrainian-Canadians with communist leanings. 1355:, had lengthy conversations with Lord Halifax. According to Canadian historian Orest T. Martynowych, Philipps was seen as highly useful to the Ukrainian cause due to his "extensive personal and family connections in high places". 1247:'The Members of the Institut have lived to see the Pontine Marshes thick with corn. Love for the peasant people of Italy has been felt by every Englishman who has lived among them. Whatever our views, few will wish to deny that 2150:. He wondered "whether it has not become a public duty of citizens of our free countries, each time we hear Jews as a whole indiscriminately reviled, to not let the occasion pass without question". In 1947 he wrote a letter to 1636:

of the OSS was his most regular contact and closest U.S. equivalent. Alarmed by contacts reports that "daily Axis short-wave propaganda broadcasts" were influencing foreign-born workers, Philipps repeatedly encouraged the

1662:, fellow residents of the Roxborough Apartments, were often ambushed by Philipps, who would roam the corridors in his dressing gown. His position was further weakened by the new Minister of National War Services, General 1447:

States to find out what was being done in that country to promote integration of the immigrant ethnic population, and how these communities regarded the federal authorities. He visited many cities on this tour, including

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occasion". Philipps rejected Cahill's reply, which he called "naturally bureaucratic", and reiterated his earlier point that no written assurance had been provided that the affected men would not eventually be deported.

1795:" more than willing to help along the programme. In the same text he stressed how uneasy Philipps was with the ramifications of Yalta, revealing the contents of a 1948 letter from Philipps where he argued the following: 4973:

Kirby, Dianne (2000). "Christian Faith, Communist Faith: Some Aspects of the Relationship between the Foreign Office Information Research Department and the Church of England Council on Foreign Relations, 1950–1953".

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conservation, which Philipps had also discussed with the Italian government. He was a long-standing member of the International Commission of the Belgian Research Institute on African National Parks. Writing in 1959,

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He soon began travelling across Canada on a mission to gauge the loyalty of the foreign-born labour force, in the process sending various unsolicited reports to the mystified Canadian Deputy Minister of War Services

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and the Soviet Union. As far as he was concerned, Ukrainian nationhood was not only morally right, but, given the guarantee that the British government had previously made to Poland, politically fair and logical.

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This episode forced him to retire from lecturing members of the public, but his distaste for communism continued to interrupt his work. In May 1943 he made a series of anti-Soviet speeches, which drew the ire of

892:. Du Bois was unable to attend because he left Europe at the start of the month, but requested copies of any future articles that Philipps published, thus establishing a long-term correspondence between the two. 2479:

entries, which is repeated in some secondary sources. However, there is evidence to suggest Philipps, for whatever reason, began to state a different date regarding his date of birth. In earlier editions of

2329:"La nécessité d'une collaboration internationale pour la civilisation des peuples d'Afrique." English translation: "The need for international collaboration for the civilization of the peoples of Africa" 2595:, an ally of Philipps, would later justify this decision by arguing that the sidelining of the Communist faction was both inevitable and politically sound given they were a "seditious organization" with 2545:

respectively, also participated. As noted by Bertie Dockerill, this is the only time that all three presidents of the debating societies at England's 'older universities' have been so intimately linked.

1641:(CBC) to introduce its own foreign language broadcasts. Giving in to Philipps' "incessant lobbying", the CBC began producing one fifteen minute programme in Italian, which earned Philipps the thanks of 347:. The product of an old, upper-class family, Philipps possessed determination and high self-esteem as well as a great deal of ambition – though his personal eccentricity sometimes undermined his goals. 1506:

Radziwill to have Poles trained in Canada for sabotage missions in occupied Poland. Huxley replied that he was "not competent to respond" and any suggestions from Philipps should be directed to

1494:, his contact in the British Embassy to Washington, that his talk prompted "numerous questions"; these were generally hostile, which Philipps blamed on misrepresentation from communist sources. 2180:

he was reluctant to ascribe the technological backwardness of Africa to lack of intelligence, and cautioned Europeans not to "handicap ourselves collectively with too great a condescension or

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auctioneer' selling young girls to the highest bidder. He was able to buy off the girl in the worst condition, who had been nearly beaten to death, and had her sent to a Christian mission. In

1782:, and eventually with the Soviet officers who are gradually sent to 'take care' of them...Those repatriated from Normandy via British ports had often to be battened down below hatches, like 1227:, was on three subjects, namely 'the nutrition of "Natives"', the 'juridical situation of "Native" women' and the 'financial contribution of "Natives" to the expenses of administration'. An 1992: 1620:

While working at the Nationalities Branch Philipps gravitated towards his old contacts in the RCMP for information and, turning towards the United States, cultivated counterparts in the

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matches. In February 1907 he was one of a few dozen Old Marlburians accepted for membership of the Marlburian Club alumni association after a meeting of the club committee held in

1423:. He also reported regularly to Lord Halifax on various matters, including the reception of British evacuees in Canada and the possibility of evacuating the British government to 1947:, he wrote that "the British Christian can only pray and prepare to be able eventually to appeal in Russia to a more democratically sober civil authority less drunk with power". 5120: 507:

As the President of the Union during the seventieth anniversary of its foundation, he chaired an inter-varsity debate held on Saturday 16 March 1912 at the Great Hall of

2124:, feeling that while each country should be "a community of participant wills", there were signs that British society was denigrating toward "unparticipant obedience". 489: 328:

in Canada attempting to build support among ethnic minorities for British war objectives. Following a frustrating experience helping to resettle displaced persons as a

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Officials in the Foreign Office during this period were not as sympathetic as Philipps to the claims of Ukrainian nationalists, owing to a desire to avoid offending

1937:, intended to nurture Anglican opposition to Communism. He doubted churches in Britain could ever engage constructively with churches in the Soviet bloc during the 762:

of Southern Uganda, and highly resistant to British rule. After cult leader Ntokibiri was killed by a posse, Philipps ordered that the head of Ntokibiri be sent to

2169: 1759: 1583:, which made a failure to support Ukraine inconceivable. Such support, he argued, would surely reflect well on both Britain's war aims and her moral reputation: 1403:, made ensuring ongoing Canadian support vital. Philipps was specifically tasked with monitoring the viewpoints of minority groups in Canada, some of which were 1337: 329: 1552:. However, its anti-communist nature, achieved by sidelining the communist elements during the negotiations, proved to be less useful once the Germans launched 1571:

Beyond assuring the loyalties of ethnic Ukrainians in Canada he also hoped his efforts would help cement a British-Ukrainian alliance that would stand against

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10 January 1939, Letter from the British embassy in Warsaw to the Right Honourable Viscount Halifax, 'Ukrainian Question', FO 371/22461, The National Archives

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Ivana Caccia (2006) notes that 'Half of Philipps' family was apparently Catholics and he had relatives living in Rome where he stayed with them occasionally'

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Ukrainian lawyer, who insisted British failure to make promises of assistance to the Ukrainian cause would guarantee Ukrainians falling for the overtures of

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On his return journey to Canada he briefly visited New York and met with Michael Huxley at the Inter-Allied Information Committee on the fifth floor of the

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agents for being assigned a second-class cabin and made his disgust known upon arrival. He had been sent to Canada as one of many propagandists, part of a

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In the same letter to Spoor, Philipps reports a journey to Europe that may also be connected to intelligence gathering. He describes being on leave in the

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in Uganda. Philips was removed from duty after disagreeing with the governor on colonial administration:: he argued that the policy of 'indirect rule' (

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Philipps' career in the Colonial Service began to be interrupted by health problems. He had already spent part of 1931 back in England recuperating at

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Philipps quickly became disillusioned by the forced repatriations of Soviet citizens at the conclusion of the war, which came as a consequence of the

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During his time in Africa he was fond of exploring the tropical forests and writing his observations on the wildlife he encountered. In 1930, he met

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describes being 'invalided', indicating wounds had rendered him unfit for further duty, and is further confirmed by a letter sent by Philipps to

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In 1938 Philipps travelled to South America with Kolessa, where he acted as manager for his wife's concert tour. The tour traveled to Brazil,

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in nature, and could potentially undermine the British war effort. The United Hetman Organization (UHO), a Ukrainian monarchist group led by

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and the founding of African national parks, he endorsed the creation of sanctuaries to protect the Gorilla population in a 1930 article for

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magazine Philipps was still undecided about which university he would attend but was nonetheless 'endeavouring to obtain a scholarship at

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During the 1930s Philipps became friendly with the Ukrainian Bureau, a lobbying centre formed in 1931 in London by Ukrainian-American

5610: 3766: 1351:, Philipps, armed with briefs prepared for him by Vladimir Kysilewsky (Director of the Ukrainian Bureau) and vetted by the historian 2216:, but argued that the sudden application of European-style administration and democratic modes of government might be too much of a 1161:

to discover if they would be viable places to resettle the increasingly vulnerable Jewish population of Europe. In a 1939 letter to

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Dockerill, Bertie (2017). "'Forgotten Voices': The Debating Societies of Durham and Liverpool, 1900–1939". In Burkett, Jodi (ed.).

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Essays were contributed by "distinguished British Anglican intellectuals" who had no idea they were part of a propaganda exercise.

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with his wife and son in June 1940, carrying letters of introduction from Lord Halifax. Used to high-living, he was furious with

612:) in June 1915. The next year Philipps was awarded a promotion to captain, effective from 17 January 1916. With the newly formed 573: 3292: 3138: 806: 743: 711:

At some time either shortly before or shortly after the conclusion of the war, he left the Bureau to serve on attachment to the

283:. Philipps was, in various guises, a soldier, colonial administrator, traveller, journalist, propagandist, conservationist, and 3645:

Turyahikayo-Rugyema, B. (1976). "The British Imposition of Colonial Rule on Uganda: The Baganda Agents in Kigezi (1908–1930)".

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Poole, a former American spy in Bolshevik Russia, managed day-to-day operations at the Foreign Nationalities Branch of the OSS

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Despite thoughts about going elsewhere, Philipps returned to Africa. His last assignment was as District Commissioner of the

296: 2950: 2131:, considering the concept impractical and unnecessary – which frustrated Meinertzhagen. Unconvinced by the proposals of the 1984:

remarked that his interest in Natural History and Zoology had been stimulated by the journey he took across Africa in 1921.

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Philipps, Tracy (1953). "British Churches and Foreign Affairs: Relations with Churches in Communist-Controlled Countries".

4257: 2299: 2203: 1262: 1196: 1666:. LaFleche, who took an almost instant dislike to Philipps, found him so annoying that he had him barred from his office. 5590: 5575: 4585: 2230: 1135: 712: 585: 415: 292: 2513:, only refer to his education at Durham University. Accounts of his life (e.g. Caccia 2006) mention an Oxford degree (a 929:. While stationed in Turkey he assumed the role of supply commissioner for the famine relief operation organised by the 884:

advocate. Following the Paris conference, Philipps contacted Du Bois to seek a lunch meeting in London, specifically at

4243: 4179: 4109: 3696: 3179: 2165: 1595:), we shall not have to make voluminous reports about Ukrainians as potential enemies or at least as doubtful friends." 995: 979:', for a two-year period. Historian Bohdan S. Kordan described this job as being 'deputy director of intelligence' for 3263: 3579: 3379: 3352: 2751: 1695:– that accused him of being a Fascist sympathizer. This allegation was founded on his friendships with Lord Halifax, 1638: 1464: 814: 628:. From November 1916 to March 1917, Philipps, by now the chief political officer for the Uganda region, was based in 304: 5523: 5660: 2396: 1216: 869: 624:, gazetted February 1917, which he received for actions in conjunction with an intelligence section of the Belgian 5475: 3910: 3853: 3826: 1669:

Problems soon emerged for Philipps outside of politics. He suffered a painful back injury after being struck by a

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In Atlanta he briefly interrupted his duties with the RCMP to attend W. E. B. Du Bois' First Phylon Conference at

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would be unsuitable for Africa due to the tribal loyalties of Africans. Following the conference, he reported to

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and Turkey. He is known to have spent at least part of 1936 in Berlin, where he wrote a letter to the historian

5163: 4688: 4595: 4530: 4396:'Position of the Ukraine in the International Situation,' 17 November 1938, FO 371/22295, The National Archives 4315:

Philipps, Tracy (1940). "The XXIVth Biennial Session of the Institut Colonial International, Rome, June 1939".

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but offered his resignation later that month. He was defended by T. C. Davis, Professor George Simpson of the

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suggestion of radio broadcasts to influence immigrant populations met with the approval of Commissioner Wood.

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from 1730 to 1759. Governor Philipps did not have any children. Philipps met his wife, the Ukrainian pianist

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in April 1932, Philipps described being allowed to temporarily 'descend from Léysin's icy mountains into the

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and conducted 178 live performances. While in South America, he investigated the colonies developed by the

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In the final years of his life he led efforts to create African National Parks as Secretary-General of the

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earlier in the year, with no explanation provided. This decision was due to injury: his entry in the 1951

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for a period of time, although sources on this are unclear. What is known for certain is that he entered

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Dreisziger, N. Fred (1991). "The Achievement of Ukrainian-Canadian Unity". In Hryniuk, Stella M. (ed.).

460:' – an effort that was ultimately unsuccessful. For university he is said to have eventually studied at 4450:

14 January 1939, 'Ukrainian Question', FO 371/22461, The National Archives (See 'most secret' comments)

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authorities thought carrying out reform would be harder if Philipps was still in place. The verdict of

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on a scientific mission. His experiences led him to become an early advocate of the creation of large

998:, shortly before the latter left on an overseas trip. He moved to Bulgaria and met the Prime Minister 5259:

Prentice, E. Parmalee (1953). "Political Control of Private Incomes and Its Effect Upon Government".

4432:'Situation in the Ukrainian Provinces of Poland', FO 371/21810, The National Archives (See 'minutes') 3105: 1731: 896: 5446: 5402: 5248:. Edmonton : Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, University of Alberta. p. 273. 4349: 4139: 2774: 2127:

According to friend and comrade from the Great War Richard Meinertzhagen, Philipps was sceptical of

2509: 2391: 2331: 2283: 2213: 2189: 1956: 1682: 704:. His work with the Bureau was interrupted by his taking part in a military expedition against the 473: 457: 1673:

full of children on O'Connor Street during his walk to work. He was also the victim of a stinging

1099:, was that Philipps was a "brilliant man" who "did not exactly fit into Colonial administration". 1064:' but could still only 'hobble about rather painfully' – nevertheless he mentioned plans to visit 5215: 2542: 2117: 2019: 1674: 1532:

Bureau in London – who would continue to be a close confidant in Ottawa. He became friendly with

1487: 999: 960: 601: 520: 3966:

Tosh, John (1973). "Colonial Chiefs in a Stateless Society: A Case-Study from Northern Uganda".

3571: 2313:"Observations on Some Aspects of Religion Among the Azande ('Niam-Niam') of Equatorial Africa." 5645: 3446: 2743: 2272:, Oxfordshire. His funeral was held in East Hagbourne at St Andrew's parish church on 27 July. 2023: 1561: 1304: 1236: 1194:, where colonial policy was discussed. Recounting his experiences in an article printed in the 802: 646: 3507: 340:, Philipps' attention was increasingly taken up by his longstanding interest in conservation. 5433: 5389: 4764: 4759: 2177: 2172:' concept, that on the one hand the European powers should develop the economic resources of 593: 434: 391: 5425: 564:

After his time in the Officers' Training Corps at Durham, Philipps made his position in the

5630: 5545: 5540: 4495: 3562:

Searching For Place : Ukrainian Displaced Persons, Canada, and the Migration of Memory

2964: 2561:

of mass used commonly in Britain and Ireland to denote body weight. 1 stone is equal to 14

2538: 2530: 2089: 2081: 1926: 1922: 1868: 1783: 1633: 1553: 1388: 1316: 1208:, was participating at the conference), and was impressed by what had been achieved by the 1057: 980: 819: 581: 524: 516: 4645:

Selling War: The British Propaganda Campaign Against American "Neutrality" in World War II

4484: 3915:

Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries

3858:

Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries

3831:

Special Collections and University Archives, University of Massachusetts Amherst Libraries

2492:– a publication that recorded the biographical details of all those who entered the school 778:, which the Baganda people could not speak. In February 1920 Philipps briefly returned to 8: 4911: 4423:'German Aspirations in the Ukraine', 8 December 1938, FO 371/21676, The National Archives 2583:

Translated from French: 'this parcel of love without which nothing great can be achieved'

2534: 2514: 2445: 2297:"The Azande: Vongara: Note on the Vongara Ruling Caste of the Zande (Niam-Niam) People." 2261: 2181: 2173: 2085: 2077: 2069: 2031: 1960: 1934: 1918: 1827: 1645:, but otherwise stuck to its usual schedule of English and French-language broadcasting. 1533: 1440: 1053: 1036:, believing that human encroachment on gorilla habitats engendered aggressive behaviour. 689: 673: 669: 557: 430: 419: 234: 115: 57: 2374: 1959:

were prepared to conserve their wildlife and natural resources. As an early advocate of

1592: 1395:

project to shape North American public opinion in favour of British war objectives. The

1311:, and did not think it worthwhile to press the Polish government over its annexation of 727:, was one of a number of British officers from the war who had been awarded the Belgian 366: 5278: 5209: 5051: 4983: 4871: 4866: 3983: 3761: 3662: 3560: 3515:

Managing the Canadian Mosaic: Dealing with the Cultural Diversity during the WWII Years

3113: 2736: 2592: 2346: 2320: 2304: 2288: 2121: 2095:

A skilled linguist, he was conversant in up to 14 African languages and also fluent in

2054: 1771: 1735: 1705: 1659: 1580: 1498: 1428: 1408: 1400: 1341: 1260:"The XXIVth Biennial Session of the Institut Colonial International, Rome, June 1939", 1139: 1092: 697: 641: 633: 569: 857:. The two Africans were reportedly astonished to see a zookeeper approach and feed an 5496: 5245: 5159: 4684: 4591: 4526: 4175: 4105: 3987: 3941: 3805: 3692: 3654: 3595: 3575: 3435: 3175: 3169: 2968: 2956: 2747: 2475: 2461: 2457: 2050: 2008: 1739: 1655: 1642: 1507: 1476: 1460: 1209: 1170: 1112: 1033: 964: 939: 934: 930: 805:

that he recorded for science and named after himself. For one month he was joined by

794: 661: 650: 512: 465: 461: 111: 101: 5524:

Some correspondence of Tracy Philipps, with particular reference to W. E. B. Du Bois

5104:

Hurcomb, Cyril (27 July 1959). "Mr Tracy Philipps: Nature Conservation in Tropics".

754:

in Uganda from 1919 through 1920. One of his challenges was the threat posed by the

500:– a student magazine with a lighthearted tone – in addition to participating in the 5270: 5024: 4640: 3975: 2960: 2697: 2100: 2096: 2015: 1988: 1943: 1836: 1792: 1714: 1691: 1629: 1519: 1502: 1432: 1364: 1248: 1191: 1006: 907:, as part of the International Committee for Russian Relief (ICRR) led by explorer 889: 858: 787: 775: 665: 656: 617: 605: 540: 477: 442: 387: 325: 224: 219: 105: 4071: 3802:

Plateaus of Freedom: Nationality, Culture, and State Security in Canada, 1940–1960

3730: 2022:

from 1717 to 1749, although he was probably descended from the governor's nephew,

1371: 991: 303:, which led to brief stints in journalism and relief work in the aftermath of the 5121:"An account of the involvement of young people in conservation from 1950 to 2010" 4492:

Plateaus of Freedom: Nationality, Culture and State Security in Canada, 1927-1957

4141: 3241: 3236: 2441: 2140: 2065: 2058: 2027: 2003: 1914: 1910: 1899: 1766: 1491: 1483: 1319:(1918–1919). Reports of atrocities committed by the Polish government during the 1312: 1240: 1232: 1224: 1069: 1049: 972: 908: 877: 779: 751: 597: 577: 576:

but was soon sent to East Africa on secondment in an intelligence role. When the

426: 359: 312: 308: 300: 214: 1758:. He was appointed Chief of Planning Resettlement of Displaced Persons with the 1215:

Philipps was once again in Rome in June 1939 to attend a conference held by the

1115:

concerning the local response to Toynbee's controversial private interview with

766:

as proof that the threat had been eliminated. Philipps worked to end the use of

552: 3442: 2742:. Ottawa: Canadian Committee for the History of the Second World War. pp. 2678: 2367: 2316:

The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland

2250: 2192:

of Africa and the European powers made a retreat from imperialism unthinkable.

2043: 1755: 1557: 1514:. Huxley regarded Philipps with caution, and the latter would leave unaware of 1396: 1293: 1166: 1108: 1080: 1009:

in East Africa, where as a 'self-appointed scourge of the wicked' according to

922: 881: 705: 625: 621: 280: 267: 246: 174: 3979: 3689:

Managing the Canadian Mosaic in Wartime: Shaping Citizenship Policy, 1939–1945

2135:, he believed that geopolitically and historically, Palestine belonged to the 2049:

With his frequent travelling, Philipps did not own any property in London and

1955:

Philipps devoted his later years to conservation, and was keen to ensure that

5534: 5363:

Philipps, Tracy (1922). "The Tide of Colour: I.--Pan-Africa and Anti-White".

3658: 2558: 2217: 2152: 2035: 1895: 1727: 1376: 1297: 1288: 1201: 1123: 1061: 1029: 1021: 783: 629: 493: 407: 383: 379: 129: 32: 4350:"Vladimir J. (Kaye) Kysilewsky and the Ukrainian Bureau in London 1931–1940" 4072:"Political Authority Among The Langi Of Northern Uganda, Circa 1800 to 1939" 2436:

Philipps' name was inconsistently recorded during his life. He was known as

2196:"Europe needs Africa and Africa needs Europe. The clock cannot be put back." 1239:, and praised the efforts of the workers involved in the reclamation of the 2596: 2562: 2554: 2147: 2073: 1981: 1906: 1864: 1700: 1663: 1572: 1565: 1548:) – was successfully established after two days of intense negotiations in 1329: 1308: 1280: 1276: 1220: 1116: 865: 838: 826: 724: 565: 375: 288: 284: 194: 750:

Philipps returned to Africa and served as Acting District Commissioner in

315:

alienated superiors and soon resulted in the termination of his position.

4206: 2738:

On guard for thee : war, ethnicity and the Canadian state, 1939-1945

2136: 1968: 1887: 1847: 1800: 1540:, where his cousin Charles des Graz was Director of Imperial Censorship. 1420: 1205: 1017:

plant to make rope – and paying for many supplies out of his own pocket.

846: 759: 701: 677: 446: 438: 399: 229: 5069:"Gorillas at Home. Central African Groups. A British Sanctuary Groups". 4987: 4102:

The Story of International Relations, Part Three: Cold-Blooded Idealists

3666: 2363: 1734:. Grierson, determined to undermine both Philipps and the activities of 797:, taking a circuitous route from east to west. On the way he discovered 739: 5282: 5055: 3879: 3827:"Letter from J. E. T. Philipps to W. E. B. Du Bois, September 30, 1921" 2350: 2324: 2292: 1696: 1536:, the Director of Censorship. Philipps also received intelligence from 1448: 1228: 1025: 1005:

Following his experience in Sudan he pursued a full-time career in the

976: 854: 842: 613: 3716:. No. 18, 206. Dunedin, New Zealand. 21 February 1923. p. 7. 2308: 2212:

By the following decade, he was willing to concede the possibility of

911:. He then took a brief detour into journalism when he reported on the 3854:"Letter from W. E. B. Du Bois to J. E. T. Philipps, October 15, 1921" 2503: 1840: 1686: 1614: 1324: 1190:, having been invited as one of the British delegates at that year's 1146: 1084: 1010: 968: 917: 770:

agents in areas populated by the Kiga and discouraged the use of the

755: 403: 320: 5274: 2517:

when specified) but base this claim on the (self-reported) entry in

1993:

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

600:. He was later wounded while serving with the KAR (for which he was 572:

as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Infantry in February 1913. He joined the

5246:"British Foreign Office Files on Ukraine and Ukrainians, 1917–1948" 4523:

Canada and the Ukrainian Question, 1939-1945: A Study in Statecraft

3938:

Canada and the Ukrainian Question, 1939-1945: A Study in Statecraft

2254: 2241:

ensure what was left behind was sympathetic to European interests.

2139:

and that "the honour, the power and the glory of the Jewry lies in

2039: 1976: 1938: 1774:

he compared the fate of refugees from the Soviet Union to slavery:

1677:

in the autumn of 1942. An article had appeared in a New York paper

1670: 1549: 1471: 1384: 1045: 956: 900: 481: 333: 4584:

Iacovetta, Franca; Perin, Roberto; Principe, Angelo, eds. (2000).

2460:) at a later date, and was using it by the time he graduated from 1219:. He was one of the two British representatives – the other being 1200:, he revealed that part of the hospitality provided was a trip to 1002:'about ten days' before Stamboliyski was assassinated on 14 June. 5476:"Tracy Philipps fonds description at Library and Archives Canada" 4242:"Visit of Mr Tracy Philipps to South America", 1938, FO 395/619, 3800:

Kristmanson, Mark (2003). "Characterizations of Tracy Philipps".

2269: 2132: 1537: 1456: 1452: 1404: 1154: 987: 850: 830: 810: 771: 767: 763: 684:), operating as an Intelligence Officer at their headquarters in 395: 88: 4587:

Enemies Within: Italian and Other Internees in Canada and Abroad

2120:, and pessimistic regarding what became known in Britain as the 1253:

cette parcelle d'amour sans laquelle il ne se fond rien de grand

1119:, noting that it was "an eager topic of discussion everywhere". 880:, the organiser of the Congress and an American sociologist and 4355:. Manitoba: Centre for Ukrainian Canadian Studies. pp. 6–7 3911:"Letter from J. E. T. Philipps to Ben Spoor, November 13, 1923" 3536:"Professor Arthur Robinson presented Mr J. E. Tracy Philipps". 2473:

A birth year of 1890 is what Philipps himself claimed in later

2265: 1784:

the ships plying between Africa and the USA at a certain period

1601: 1424: 1412: 1411:, was identified as the gravest concern due to its contacts in 1336:

Towards the end of 1938, Philipps' mentor Lord Halifax, by now

1131: 1073: 904: 716: 584:(KAR) and was "one of the first Englishmen in action" when the 545: 2341:"The Natural Sciences in Africa: The Belgian National Parks." 1579:

For Philipps, the key principle of the Allies was a belief in

1463:; sending detailed memoranda to his new superior Commissioner 620:(April – September 1916) and in the aftermath was awarded the 4525:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. pp. 33–34. 3264:"Military and Naval Appointments and Promotions (Supplement)" 2413: 2156:

arguing that dispossessed Jews should be settled in England.

1972: 1874:

In the aftermath of the Second World War Philipps joined the

1762:(UNRRA), working initially from New York, and later Germany. 1150: 1107:

In 1936 Philipps began working as a foreign correspondent in

1065: 1014: 693: 685: 5187:

International Classical Record Collector: ICRC., Volumes 5-6

2281:"'Mufúmbiro': The Birunga Volcanoes of Kigezi-Ruanda-Kivu." 1556:

in the summer of 1941 and Canada, alongside the rest of the

963:. In a letter written from Khartoum in November 1923 to the 4172:

Growing with Canada: The Emigre Tradition in Canadian Music

4140:

Millicent C. Kavanagh; Elaine Keillor; Betty Nygaard King;

2693:"Marlborough College Register: From 1843 to 1904 Inclusive" 2488:), which is supported by the 1905 and 1952 editions of the 2253:, Berkshire (now in Oxfordshire), with a second address in 1187: 688:. This was a role generally based in Cairo, with spells in 433:, and left in December 1906. At Marlborough he played as a 4683:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 340–341. 4196:"An Interview with Lubka Kolessa, Noted Ukrainian Pianist" 3940:. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 199. 1235:, which was held outside in the shady surroundings of the 1231:, Philipps enjoyed the luncheon arranged by Federzoni and 4006:

The life and letters of Charles Francis de Ganahl, vol. 1

2501:

Primary sources, such as the obituaries that appeared in

2484:

Philipps insisted he was born in 1888 (example: the 1926

2249:

At the time of his death he was living in the country at

1703:. Philipps defended himself in a November letter sent to 311:, his reform-minded agenda as a District Commissioner in 1754:

In 1944 Philipps successfully lobbied for a role at the

3804:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. pp. 1–48. 1929:, he was one of the men behind the 1953 publication of 1760:

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

330:

United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration

4647:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 117–118. 4583: 4374: 4372: 4370: 3406:"Supplement to the London Gazette, 26 September, 1917" 1102: 990:

during the Summer of 1923: in Croatia, he stayed with

5229:

Evans, Luther (13 August 1959). "Mr Tracy Philipps".

5042:

Hindle, E. (1959). "Obituary: J. E. Tracy Philipps".

4255:

Philipps, Tracy (1939). "The Volta Meeting in Rome".

4081:. School of Oriental and African Studies. p. 343 2723:(9 ed.). Marlborough College. 1952. p. 489. 2201:"The Tide of Colour: I.--Pan-Africa and Anti-White", 1024:

in the forests of Western Uganda whilst accompanying

786:

of East Central Africa', illustrated with slides, at

588:

started in August 1914. Serving temporarily with the

414:. After his death in 1923 his widow Margaret married 5189:. Gramophone Publications Limited. 1999. p. 40. 4915:, "Ukrainians Workers in Britain", 4 June 1948, p. 4 3614:"Supplement to the London Gazette, 6 February, 1922" 3323:"Supplement to the London Gazette, 1 February, 1917" 2701:(5 ed.). Oxford: Horace Hart. 1905. p. 619 5384:

Philipps, Tracy (1938). "The New Africa – II": 353.

5211:

The Yearbook Of The Universities Of The Empire 1938

4894: 4892: 4877:. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. p. 356 4367: 3644: 1894:Christians (giving one example as the treatment of 921:newspaper. He may have decided to follow Nansen to 837:Detouring into Abyssinia, Philipps stumbled upon a 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4906: 4904: 4870: 3559: 3434: 2735: 1859: 715:. He also spent time with the British Legation in 672:. The next month he was reportedly present at the 664:, August–October 1917. By November 1917 he was in 5008: 5006: 4565: 4563: 3594: 3171:Students in Twentieth Century Britain and Ireland 1967:. In February 1937 he visited the Swedish doctor 1803:'. Call it 'realism' and any dastardy will pass." 1399:and a series of British reverses, leading to the 604:) and also present as a political officer at the 5532: 4889: 4639: 4579: 4577: 4575: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4188: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3489: 3487: 3485: 2529:Two of Philipps' old classmates at Marlborough, 1072:, having booked passage on a cargo ship leaving 971:, Philipps related he was on a posting with the 809:, whom Philipps helped to obtain photographs of 723:reported that Philipps, by now a captain in the 279:(20 November 1888 – 21 July 1959) was a British 5348:Philipps, Tracy (1938). "The New Africa – II". 4930: 4901: 3483: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 2007:Philipps, receiving an honorary doctorate from 1746:"communist agitators" would take advantage of. 1358: 1138:. Kolessa gave birth to a son, Igor (John), in 793:The following year he travelled on foot across 592:as an Assistant Intelligence Officer alongside 429:in May 1899. From September 1904 he boarded at 5003: 4560: 3961: 3959: 3957: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3795: 3793: 3791: 3789: 3787: 3785: 3737:. Rockhampton, Queensland: 9. 11 November 1921 2076:, Philipps also held honorary awards from the 2061:were effectively his 'residence' in the city. 1435:, on planning the evacuation of her children. 1323:were collected and noted, but not acted upon. 345:International Union for Conservation of Nature 5309: 5307: 5295: 5152:The Green Web: A Union for World Conservation 5099: 5097: 5095: 4798: 4796: 4794: 4784: 4782: 4744: 4742: 4572: 4336: 4065: 4063: 3725: 3723: 2638: 2636: 2634: 1321:Pacification of Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia 1085:devolution of responsibility to native chiefs 422:, the traditional home of his wife's family. 394:in Pembrokeshire, and later held curacies in 4859: 4681:Canada's Ukrainians: Negotiating an Identity 4656: 4654: 4626: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4618: 4616: 4590:. University of Toronto Press. p. 142. 4544: 4542: 4478: 4476: 3756: 3754: 3752: 3462: 1742:– an attitude they regarded as patronising. 1283:, who had a close relationship with Philipps 774:language in courts, instead introducing the 488:in 1911. He also served as President of the 5118: 5037: 5035: 4865: 4482: 4474: 4472: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4347: 3954: 3897: 3799: 3782: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3100: 3098: 3052:A Short History of the Durham Union Society 2801: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2452:. He seems to have adopted the middle name 746:, who journeyed across Africa with Philipps 452:According to the Christmas 1907 edition of 5304: 5092: 4791: 4779: 4739: 4723: 4721: 4711: 4709: 4678: 4060: 4017: 4015: 4008:. New York: Richard R. Smith. p. 294. 3720: 3682: 3680: 3678: 3676: 2945: 2943: 2631: 2420:. The archival reference number is R2128. 2129:the idea of a Jewish homeland in Palestine 1957:countries fast approaching self-government 925:, who was in the country to negotiate the 668:on a mission to investigate the extent of 645:noted that Philipps relinquished his Army 31: 5616:Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society 5324:"Letter: Uprooted Humanity – 21 Mar 1947" 5300:. London: The Cresset Press. p. 165. 4968: 4966: 4964: 4958:, "Ukrainian Workers", 28 July 1948, p. 4 4946:, "Ukrainian Workers", 10 July 1948, p. 4 4651: 4613: 4539: 4516: 4514: 4512: 4099: 4003: 3999: 3997: 3749: 3553: 3551: 3167: 3161: 3149:. Durham University: 201–202. 5 June 1912 3133: 3131: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2925: 2923: 1401:evacuation of British forces from Dunkirk 1271: 374:Tracy Philipps was the only child of the 336:propaganda activities with the secretive 324:in Eastern Europe, and spent much of the 318:He worked as a foreign correspondent for 5383: 5362: 5347: 5258: 5148: 5032: 5021: 4927:, "Ukrainian Workers", 3 July 1948, p. 4 4453: 4314: 4254: 3824: 3517:. University of Ottawa. pp. 158–203 3377: 3350: 3207:"Lecture by Captain J. E. T. Philipps". 3195: 3095: 3049: 2792: 2275: 2002: 1863: 1470: 1370: 1275: 1251:has also been animated and energised by 1122:That decade he also married the pianist 825: 738: 551: 539: 390:). The elder Philipps had been vicar of 365: 354: 5103: 4718: 4706: 4310: 4308: 4012: 3851: 3673: 3640: 3638: 2733: 2721:Marlborough College Register: 1843-1952 2146:Philipps was uncomfortable with casual 1835:who, having been brought to Britain as 1699:and other members of the controversial 1526: 782:where he gave a public lecture on 'The 608:(serving as part of the hastily formed 378:John Erasmus Philipps, originally from 5586:People educated at Marlborough College 5533: 5243: 5041: 4961: 4757: 4520: 4509: 4169: 3994: 3935: 3762:"Equatorial Africa, Queer Experiences" 3712:"Englishman's journey across Africa". 3686: 3557: 3548: 3505: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3128: 2920: 2892: 2727: 2597:no real loyalty or gratitude to Canada 2014:Philipps claimed to be descended from 1130:reported that the pair had married in 580:broke out he was on attachment to the 5596:British Army personnel of World War I 5497:"Finding Aid of Tracy Philipps fonds" 5228: 4972: 4485:"Characterizations of Tracy Philipps" 4248: 4174:. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 153. 3884:Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs 3852:Du Bois, W. E. B. (15 October 1921). 3825:Philipps, Tracy (30 September 1921). 2448:, while his birthname was apparently 2072:from Durham University. According to 1853:volunteered to fight with the Germans 1441:Ukrainians were of particular concern 872:– to report on the activities of the 5366:Journal of the Royal African Society 4317:Journal of the Royal African Society 4305: 4258:Journal of the Royal African Society 4069: 3965: 3908: 3691:. McGill-Queen's Press. p. 78. 3635: 3459:SAD.126/5/3, Reginald Wingate Papers 2965:10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U241773 2300:Journal of the Royal African Society 2204:Journal of the Royal African Society 1886:. In this role he helped to recruit 1831:to highlight the case of a group of 1342:that would turn out to be inaccurate 1263:Journal of the Royal African Society 1197:Journal of the Royal African Society 1165:he objected to the argument made by 899:intensifying, Philipps travelled to 676:. In 1918 he began a posting at the 596:, he was involved in the disastrous 410:, where he was domestic chaplain to 4004:de Ganahl, Charles Francis (1949). 3936:Kordan, Bohdan S. (2001). "Notes". 3219: 1884:Soviet propaganda in Western Europe 1778:"I have had a good deal to do with 1749: 1103:Diplomatic Correspondent, 1936–1939 945: 636:recently captured by the Belgians. 416:Harold Dillon, 17th Viscount Dillon 386:, and Margaret Louisa Everard (née 13: 5641:Alumni of the University of Oxford 5581:People educated at Abingdon School 5566:Durham University Boat Club rowers 5561:Alumni of Hatfield College, Durham 5214:. G. Bell And Sons. 1938. p. 3293:"Military Honours and Decorations" 3054:. Durham County Press. p. 16. 2345:, vol. 115, no. 1/3, 58–62 (1950) 1987:In 1955 he was elected to succeed 1851:difficulty of determining who had 1501:. Huxley was the director of this 1210:mass migration of Italian settlers 959:, occupying a position within the 955:From 1923 to 1925 Philipps was in 868:– who had recently been appointed 535: 16:British public servant (1888–1959) 14: 5682: 5636:Officers' Training Corps officers 5517: 2303:, vol. 26, no. 101, 21–26 (1926) 2287:, vol. 61, no. 4, 233–253 (1923) 1846:Press officer 'J. Cahill' of the 1839:after being conscripted into the 1736:the renegade Nationalities Branch 1689:agent) – and later reproduced in 1639:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 1347:In 1939, in the aftermath of the 1181: 815:Swedish Museum of Natural History 813:and specimens of gorilla for the 719:. Years later, in February 1922, 425:The younger Philipps enrolled at 5611:Recipients of the Military Cross 5489: 5468: 5453: 5418: 5409: 5377: 5356: 5350:The Nineteenth Century and After 5341: 5316: 5289: 5252: 5237: 5222: 5202: 5193: 5179: 5142: 5112: 5077: 5062: 5015: 4994: 4949: 4918: 4873:A slice of Canada : memoirs 4850: 4841: 4832: 4823: 4814: 4805: 4751: 4730: 4228:"Settlements in Latin America". 3378:Philipps, Tracy (16 July 1917). 3351:Philipps, Tracy (16 July 1917). 2611: 2602: 2397:List of Durham University people 2373: 2362: 2232:The Nineteenth Century and After 1931:Communist Faith, Christian Faith 1217:International Colonial Institute 1186:By October 1938 Philipps was in 1136:German occupation of the country 870:Under-Secretary for the Colonies 187: 167: 5666:British intelligence operatives 5656:Information Research Department 5571:People from Hillington, Norfolk 5556:Military personnel from Norfolk 5296:Meinertzhagen, Richard (1959). 5088:. 23 February 1938. p. 10. 4758:Simkin, John (September 1997). 4697: 4672: 4663: 4633: 4630:Kristmanson, 1999, pp. 194–195. 4604: 4551: 4444: 4435: 4426: 4417: 4408: 4399: 4390: 4381: 4327: 4296: 4287: 4278: 4269: 4236: 4221: 4163: 4133: 4118: 4104:. Springer Nature. p. 34. 4093: 4051: 4042: 4039:de Ganahl, vol. 2, 1949, p. 531 4033: 4024: 3929: 3872: 3845: 3818: 3705: 3647:Transafrican Journal of History 3606: 3588: 3529: 3453: 3427: 3398: 3371: 3344: 3332:. 1 February 1917. p. 1145 3315: 3285: 3256: 3058: 3043: 3013: 2988: 2886: 2857: 2824: 2586: 2577: 2568: 2548: 2523: 2495: 2402:Information Research Department 2260:He died on 21 July 1959 at the 1950: 1876:Information Research Department 1860:Information Research Department 1622:Federal Bureau of Investigation 1159:Jewish Colonization Association 996:Croatian People's Peasant Party 548:after the surrender of the city 530: 338:Information Research Department 5671:Writers about the Soviet Union 5651:Presidents of the Durham Union 5606:King's African Rifles officers 5073:. 8 February 1930. p. 13. 4660:Kristmanson, 1999, pp. 205–206 4483:Kristmanson, Mark (May 1999). 4348:Martynowych, Orest T. (2010). 3968:The Journal of African History 3174:. Palgrave. pp. 105–106. 2767: 2713: 2685: 2665: 2467: 2430: 2379:Knight of the Order of Leopold 2335:, vol. 2, no. 1, 56–64 (1937) 2159: 1878:(IRD), a secret branch of the 1825:In 1948 Philipps wrote to the 1812:, including the Soviet Union. 1516:British Security Co-ordination 927:resettlement of Greek refugees 700:in the final campaigns of the 610:Uganda Intelligence Department 251:Knight of the Order of Leopold 1: 4232:. 25 January 1939. p. 8. 4209:. 22 November 1940. p. 2 2734:Hillmer, Norman, ed. (1988). 2624: 2116:Philipps was a member of the 1975:, the two of them discussing 1971:at his home on the island of 1833:ethnic Ukrainians from Poland 1604:might offer the Ukrainians — 1223:. The conference, chaired by 682:Cairo Intelligence Department 476:and graduated in 1912 with a 350: 5428:(42736). 20 July 1962: 5885. 5298:Middle East Diary, 1917-1956 3508:"The Making of a Specialist" 3232:"Lot 933 (13 December 2007)" 2775:"Rev. John Erasmus Philipps" 2490:Marlborough College Register 2174:the lands they had conquered 1991:as Secretary-General of the 1648: 1626:Office of Strategic Services 1581:political self-determination 1359:Mission to Canada, 1940–1944 1134:on 14 March, the eve of the 1039: 950: 734: 590:Indian Expeditionary Force B 511:, which featured teams from 362:, where Philipps was a pupil 291:intelligence officer in the 264:James Erasmus Tracy Philipps 148:Francis ffolkes, 5th Baronet 7: 5626:Intelligence Corps officers 5262:Political Science Quarterly 5119:Withrington, David (2012). 4100:Pemberton, Jo-Anne (2020). 3880:"Fridtjof Nansen Biography" 3568:University of Toronto Press 3386:. Durhan University Library 3359:. Durham University Library 3050:Campbell, P. D. A. (1952). 2874:(630): 149. 24 October 1906 2681:. 1926. pp. 2300–2301. 2653:(635): 17. 28 February 1907 2537:, by now Presidents of the 2450:James Edward Tracy Philipps 2418:Library and Archives Canada 2407: 2385: 2111: 1998: 1820: 1815: 1546:Ukrainian Canadian Congress 1512:High Commissioner to Canada 1353:Robert William Seton-Watson 1349:British guarantee to Poland 496:of 1912, and was Editor of 486:Durham University Boat Club 76:Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford 44:James Edward Tracy Philipps 10: 5687: 5591:British war correspondents 5576:People from East Hagbourne 5464:. 27 July 1959. p. 7. 4802:Kristmanson, 1999, p. 192. 4788:Kristmanson, 1999, p. 196. 4748:Kristmanson, 1999, p. 194. 4610:Kristmanson, 1999, p. 191. 4521:Kordan, Bohdan S. (2001). 4070:Tosh, John Andrew (1973). 3770:. 24 April 1923. p. 6 2865:"Lower League House Match" 2438:Edward John Tracy Philipps 2412:There is a Tracy Philipps 2356: 2319:, vol. 56, 171–187 (1926) 1730:, the new chairman of the 1711:University of Saskatchewan 1475:British High Commissioner 933:under the auspices of the 855:Zoological Society Gardens 639:A September 1917 entry in 544:Belgian troops march into 5415:Kristmanson, 1999, p. 190 5158:. Earthscan. p. 62. 5149:Holdgate, Martin (1999). 4976:Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte 4898:Kirkconnell, 1967, p. 357 4557:Luciuk, 2000, pp. 329–330 4548:Kristmanson, 1999, p. 180 4284:Philipps, 1939, pp. 23–32 4150:The Canadian Encyclopedia 4129:. 1 July 1939. p. 1. 3980:10.1017/S0021853700012834 3538:Durham University Journal 3297:Durham University Journal 3209:Durham University Journal 3143:Durham University Journal 3000:Durham University Archive 2456:(common among men of the 1810:veto power of some states 1732:Wartime Information Board 1363:With the outbreak of the 1249:the maker of modern Italy 864:Philipps was assigned by 468:in 1910. Like his father 257: 242: 210: 200: 180: 162: 157: 153: 143: 135: 125: 94: 83: 64: 39: 30: 23: 5460:"To-days Arrangements". 5044:The Geographical Journal 3731:"Adventures of Explorer" 3600:The Turkana Patrol, 1918 3558:Luciuk, Lubomyr (2000). 2893:Cantab (December 1907). 2510:The Geographical Journal 2423: 2392:List of Old Abingdonians 2343:The Geographical Journal 2284:The Geographical Journal 2244: 2190:economic interdependence 2106: 2064:In 1937 he received the 1780:camps of Soviet subjects 1429:expected German invasion 1383:Philipps disembarked in 1315:in the aftermath of the 1126:. A July 1939 notice in 975:, arranged 'through the 874:2nd Pan-African Congress 807:Prince Wilhelm of Sweden 799:Lutra Paraonyx Philippsi 744:Prince Wilhelm of Sweden 502:Officers' Training Corps 5661:British anti-communists 3384:Reginald Wingate Papers 3357:Reginald Wingate Papers 2845:(2): 243. December 1899 2811:Staindrop Remembers WW1 2229:"The New Africa - II", 2020:Governor of Nova Scotia 1882:tasked with countering 1720: 1675:character assassination 1488:parliamentary democracy 1393:Ministry of Information 1204:(the Governor-General, 1000:Aleksandar Stamboliyski 961:Sudan Political Service 758:cult, popular with the 713:British Embassy in Rome 602:mentioned in despatches 521:Trinity College, Dublin 370:Philipps as a young man 5601:Rifle Brigade officers 5551:Burials in Oxfordshire 5441:Cite journal requires 5397:Cite journal requires 5244:Koshiw, J. V. (1997). 5084:"Wildfowl in Europe". 4760:"DeWitt Clinton Poole" 4057:de Ganahl, pp. 574–577 3687:Caccia, Ivana (2010). 3506:Caccia, Ivana (2006). 3139:"Durham Union Society" 3079:(4): 81. December 1912 2238: 2210: 2038:, while travelling to 2024:Erasmus James Philipps 2011: 1871: 1805: 1788: 1610: 1597: 1479: 1380: 1284: 1272:The Ukrainian Question 1269: 1237:Villa Borghese gardens 886:The Holborn Restaurant 834: 803:African clawless otter 801:, a subspecies of the 747: 561: 549: 484:. He was Secretary of 371: 363: 297:Middle Eastern theatre 5328:The Spectator Archive 4765:Spartacus Educational 4333:Philipps, 1940, p. 18 4275:Philipps, 1939, p. 21 4244:The National Archives 4170:Helmer, Paul (2014). 2276:Selected publications 2222: 2194: 2178:race and intelligence 2006: 1905:Alongside journalist 1890:from Eastern Europe. 1867: 1797: 1776: 1606: 1585: 1474: 1374: 1332:in any upcoming war. 1279: 1245: 829: 742: 594:Richard Meinertzhagen 555: 543: 472:, he was a member of 412:the 9th Baron Barnard 369: 358: 5621:Arab Bureau officers 5426:"The London Gazette" 5199:Helmer, 2014, p. 156 4811:Luciuk, 2000, p. 334 4736:Luciuk, 2000, p. 330 4669:Luciuk, 2000, p. 328 4496:Concordia University 4494:. Montreal, Quebec: 4387:Luciuk, 2000, p. 113 4302:Caccia, 2006, p. 201 3735:The Morning Bulletin 2531:F. Kingsley Griffith 2090:Accademia dei Lincei 2082:University of Tehran 2030:and a member of the 1933:– a book, edited by 1927:Bishop of Chichester 1770:in May that year to 1634:DeWitt Clinton Poole 1554:Operation Barbarossa 1527:Nationalities Branch 1317:Polish-Ukrainian War 994:, the leader of the 981:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan 820:The Morning Bulletin 696:, working alongside 674:Capture of Jerusalem 616:he took part in the 582:Kings African Rifles 558:Capture of Jerusalem 525:Edinburgh University 418:. Tracy was born in 235:Capture of Jerusalem 87:St Kenelm's Church, 5313:Caccia, 2010, p. 73 4956:Manchester Guardian 4944:Manchester Guardian 4925:Manchester Guardian 4912:Manchester Guardian 4867:Kirkconnell, Watson 4405:Luciuk, pp. 113–114 4378:Caccia, 2010, p. 74 4021:Caccia, 2010, p. 77 3415:. 26 September 1917 2535:Humfrey Grose-Hodge 2332:Politique Étrangère 2268:, and is buried in 2262:Radcliffe Infirmary 2182:superiority-complex 2164:Philipps supported 2086:Al-Azhar University 2070:Doctor of Civil Law 2032:Nova Scotia Council 1961:animal conservation 1919:Arthur Duncan-Jones 1828:Manchester Guardian 1713:, and the diplomat 1534:Oliver Mowat Biggar 1427:in the event of an 1062:cities of the plain 1054:Leysin, Switzerland 849:he encountered the 431:Marlborough College 420:Hillington, Norfolk 58:Hillington, Norfolk 3621:The London Gazette 3413:The London Gazette 3330:The London Gazette 3114:The London Gazette 3106:"25 February 1913" 2996:"Calendar 1912–13" 2895:"Cambridge Letter" 2593:Watson Kirkconnell 2440:as a schoolboy at 2122:Post-war consensus 2118:Conservative Party 2088:in Cairo, and the 2012: 1917:, Anglican priest 1872: 1801:a sense of realism 1772:Watson Kirkconnell 1706:The Globe and Mail 1499:Rockefeller Center 1480: 1409:Pavlo Skoropadskyi 1381: 1285: 1140:Marylebone, London 1097:Governor of Uganda 1093:Bernard Bourdillon 861:without any fear. 841:, where he saw a ' 835: 748: 721:The London Gazette 698:Lawrence of Arabia 680:(a section of the 642:The London Gazette 634:German East Africa 562: 550: 509:University College 372: 364: 4847:Hillmer, p. 43–44 4727:Kordan, pp. 42–43 4048:de Ganahl, p. 531 4030:de Ganahl, p. 466 3909:Philipps, Tracy. 3602:. Uganda Society. 3596:Robert O. Collins 2974:978-0-19-954089-1 2644:"Marlburian Club" 2565:, or 6.35 kg 2462:Durham University 2009:Durham University 1793:fellow-travellers 1740:Canadian identity 1656:Louis St. Laurent 1643:Italian Canadians 1508:Malcolm MacDonald 1477:Malcolm MacDonald 1461:Washington, D. C. 1379:of Tracy Philipps 1338:Foreign Secretary 1113:Arnold J. Toynbee 1034:Equatorial Africa 940:human cannibalism 935:League of Nations 931:British Red Cross 913:Greco-Turkish War 817:. As reported in 795:Equatorial Africa 568:official. He was 466:Durham University 305:Greco-Turkish War 287:. He served as a 261: 260: 112:Oxford University 102:Durham University 5678: 5511: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5501: 5493: 5487: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5472: 5466: 5465: 5457: 5451: 5450: 5444: 5439: 5437: 5429: 5422: 5416: 5413: 5407: 5406: 5400: 5395: 5393: 5385: 5381: 5375: 5374: 5360: 5354: 5353: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5320: 5314: 5311: 5302: 5301: 5293: 5287: 5286: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5241: 5235: 5234: 5226: 5220: 5219: 5206: 5200: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5183: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5157: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5125: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5101: 5090: 5089: 5081: 5075: 5074: 5066: 5060: 5059: 5039: 5030: 5029: 5025:Quarterly Review 5019: 5013: 5010: 5001: 4998: 4992: 4991: 4970: 4959: 4953: 4947: 4941: 4928: 4922: 4916: 4908: 4899: 4896: 4887: 4886: 4884: 4882: 4876: 4863: 4857: 4854: 4848: 4845: 4839: 4836: 4830: 4827: 4821: 4818: 4812: 4809: 4803: 4800: 4789: 4786: 4777: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4755: 4749: 4746: 4737: 4734: 4728: 4725: 4716: 4713: 4704: 4701: 4695: 4694: 4676: 4670: 4667: 4661: 4658: 4649: 4648: 4641:Nicholas J. Cull 4637: 4631: 4628: 4611: 4608: 4602: 4601: 4581: 4570: 4567: 4558: 4555: 4549: 4546: 4537: 4536: 4518: 4507: 4506: 4504: 4502: 4489: 4480: 4451: 4448: 4442: 4439: 4433: 4430: 4424: 4421: 4415: 4412: 4406: 4403: 4397: 4394: 4388: 4385: 4379: 4376: 4365: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4354: 4345: 4334: 4331: 4325: 4324: 4312: 4303: 4300: 4294: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4276: 4273: 4267: 4266: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4203:Ukrainian Weekly 4200: 4192: 4186: 4185: 4167: 4161: 4160: 4158: 4156: 4144:(10 July 2007). 4137: 4131: 4130: 4122: 4116: 4115: 4097: 4091: 4090: 4088: 4086: 4076: 4067: 4058: 4055: 4049: 4046: 4040: 4037: 4031: 4028: 4022: 4019: 4010: 4009: 4001: 3992: 3991: 3963: 3952: 3951: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3906: 3895: 3894: 3892: 3890: 3876: 3870: 3869: 3867: 3865: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3822: 3816: 3815: 3797: 3780: 3779: 3777: 3775: 3758: 3747: 3746: 3744: 3742: 3727: 3718: 3717: 3709: 3703: 3702: 3684: 3671: 3670: 3642: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3618: 3610: 3604: 3603: 3592: 3586: 3585: 3565: 3555: 3546: 3545: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3512: 3503: 3460: 3457: 3451: 3450: 3445:. 1951. p. 3440: 3431: 3425: 3424: 3422: 3420: 3410: 3402: 3396: 3395: 3393: 3391: 3375: 3369: 3368: 3366: 3364: 3348: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3337: 3327: 3319: 3313: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3289: 3283: 3282: 3280: 3278: 3268: 3260: 3254: 3253: 3251: 3249: 3228: 3217: 3216: 3204: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3165: 3159: 3158: 3156: 3154: 3135: 3126: 3125: 3123: 3121: 3110: 3102: 3093: 3092: 3086: 3084: 3070: 3062: 3056: 3055: 3047: 3041: 3040: 3038: 3036: 3017: 3011: 3010: 3008: 3006: 2992: 2986: 2985: 2983: 2981: 2947: 2918: 2917: 2915: 2913: 2899: 2890: 2884: 2883: 2881: 2879: 2869: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2836: 2828: 2822: 2821: 2819: 2817: 2807:"Roll of Honour" 2803: 2790: 2789: 2787: 2785: 2771: 2765: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2741: 2731: 2725: 2724: 2717: 2711: 2710: 2708: 2706: 2698:Internet Archive 2689: 2683: 2682: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2648: 2640: 2618: 2615: 2609: 2606: 2600: 2590: 2584: 2581: 2575: 2572: 2566: 2552: 2546: 2527: 2521: 2499: 2493: 2471: 2465: 2434: 2377: 2366: 2236: 2208: 2166:Frederick Lugard 2133:Zionist movement 2026:, a resident of 2016:Richard Philipps 1989:Jean-Paul Harroy 1944:Quarterly Review 1935:Donald Mackinnon 1837:prisoners of war 1750:UNRRA, 1944–1945 1715:Norman Robertson 1692:The New Republic 1630:State Department 1520:black propaganda 1518:(BSC), a covert 1503:white propaganda 1433:Elsbeth Dimsdale 1365:Second World War 1267: 1192:Volta Conference 1142:that same year. 1007:Colonial Service 946:Colonial Service 897:Famine in Russia 859:African Elephant 788:Durham Town Hall 776:Swahili language 729:Order of Leopold 657:Reginald Wingate 618:Tabora Offensive 606:Battle of Bukoba 478:Bachelor of Arts 458:Jesus, Cambridge 443:Old Queen Street 326:Second World War 278: 225:Battle of Tabora 220:Battle of Bukoba 193: 191: 190: 182: 173: 171: 170: 71: 54:20 November 1888 53: 51: 35: 21: 20: 5686: 5685: 5681: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5676: 5675: 5531: 5530: 5520: 5515: 5514: 5504: 5502: 5499: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5480: 5478: 5474: 5473: 5469: 5459: 5458: 5454: 5442: 5440: 5431: 5430: 5424: 5423: 5419: 5414: 5410: 5398: 5396: 5387: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5361: 5357: 5346: 5342: 5332: 5330: 5322: 5321: 5317: 5312: 5305: 5294: 5290: 5275:10.2307/2145748 5257: 5253: 5242: 5238: 5227: 5223: 5208: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5185: 5184: 5180: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5155: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5123: 5117: 5113: 5102: 5093: 5083: 5082: 5078: 5068: 5067: 5063: 5040: 5033: 5020: 5016: 5011: 5004: 4999: 4995: 4971: 4962: 4954: 4950: 4942: 4931: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4902: 4897: 4890: 4880: 4878: 4864: 4860: 4855: 4851: 4846: 4842: 4837: 4833: 4828: 4824: 4819: 4815: 4810: 4806: 4801: 4792: 4787: 4780: 4770: 4768: 4756: 4752: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4731: 4726: 4719: 4714: 4707: 4702: 4698: 4691: 4677: 4673: 4668: 4664: 4659: 4652: 4638: 4634: 4629: 4614: 4609: 4605: 4598: 4582: 4573: 4568: 4561: 4556: 4552: 4547: 4540: 4533: 4519: 4510: 4500: 4498: 4487: 4481: 4454: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4436: 4431: 4427: 4422: 4418: 4413: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4386: 4382: 4377: 4368: 4358: 4356: 4352: 4346: 4337: 4332: 4328: 4313: 4306: 4301: 4297: 4293:Philipps, p. 30 4292: 4288: 4283: 4279: 4274: 4270: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4227: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4205:. No. 47. 4198: 4194: 4193: 4189: 4182: 4168: 4164: 4154: 4152: 4146:"Lubka Kolessa" 4142:Helmut Kallmann 4138: 4134: 4124: 4123: 4119: 4112: 4098: 4094: 4084: 4082: 4074: 4068: 4061: 4056: 4052: 4047: 4043: 4038: 4034: 4029: 4025: 4020: 4013: 4002: 3995: 3964: 3955: 3948: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3907: 3898: 3888: 3886: 3878: 3877: 3873: 3863: 3861: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3798: 3783: 3773: 3771: 3760: 3759: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3729: 3728: 3721: 3711: 3710: 3706: 3699: 3685: 3674: 3643: 3636: 3626: 3624: 3616: 3612: 3611: 3607: 3593: 3589: 3582: 3556: 3549: 3535: 3534: 3530: 3520: 3518: 3510: 3504: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3443:A & C Black 3433: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3408: 3404: 3403: 3399: 3389: 3387: 3376: 3372: 3362: 3360: 3349: 3345: 3335: 3333: 3325: 3321: 3320: 3316: 3306: 3304: 3291: 3290: 3286: 3276: 3274: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3257: 3247: 3245: 3242:Mayfair, London 3237:Dix Noonan Webb 3230: 3229: 3220: 3206: 3205: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3182: 3166: 3162: 3152: 3150: 3137: 3136: 3129: 3119: 3117: 3108: 3104: 3103: 3096: 3082: 3080: 3073:The Abingdonian 3068: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3048: 3044: 3034: 3032: 3019: 3018: 3014: 3004: 3002: 2994: 2993: 2989: 2979: 2977: 2975: 2952:Philipps, Tracy 2949: 2948: 2921: 2911: 2909: 2902:The Abingdonian 2897: 2891: 2887: 2877: 2875: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2848: 2846: 2839:The Abingdonian 2834: 2830: 2829: 2825: 2815: 2813: 2805: 2804: 2793: 2783: 2781: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2758: 2756: 2754: 2732: 2728: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2704: 2702: 2691: 2690: 2686: 2679:A & C Black 2671: 2670: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2646: 2642: 2641: 2632: 2627: 2622: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2607: 2603: 2591: 2587: 2582: 2578: 2573: 2569: 2553: 2549: 2543:Cambridge Union 2528: 2524: 2500: 2496: 2472: 2468: 2458:Philipps family 2435: 2431: 2426: 2410: 2388: 2359: 2278: 2247: 2237: 2228: 2209: 2200: 2162: 2114: 2109: 2066:honorary degree 2053:clubs like the 2028:Annapolis Royal 2001: 1953: 1911:British Council 1900:Francoist Spain 1862: 1823: 1818: 1767:Yalta Agreement 1752: 1723: 1651: 1628:(OSS), and the 1529: 1492:Gerald Campbell 1484:Fisk University 1361: 1313:Eastern Galicia 1274: 1268: 1259: 1241:Pontine Marshes 1233:Attilio Teruzzi 1225:Luigi Federzoni 1184: 1105: 1050:Auguste Rollier 1042: 973:Colonial Office 953: 948: 909:Fridtjof Nansen 878:W. E. B. DuBois 851:Empress Zewditu 831:Empress Zewditu 752:Kigezi District 737: 670:the slave trade 598:Battle of Tanga 578:First World War 538: 536:First World War 533: 454:The Abingdonian 437:in inter-house 427:Abingdon School 360:Abingdon School 353: 313:Colonial Uganda 309:Colonial Office 301:First World War 266: 249: 215:First World War 188: 186: 168: 166: 158:Military career 121: 95:Alma mater 79: 73: 69: 60: 55: 49: 47: 46: 45: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5684: 5674: 5673: 5668: 5663: 5658: 5653: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5613: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5593: 5588: 5583: 5578: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5558: 5553: 5548: 5543: 5527: 5526: 5519: 5518:External links 5516: 5513: 5512: 5488: 5467: 5452: 5443:|journal= 5417: 5408: 5399:|journal= 5376: 5355: 5340: 5315: 5303: 5288: 5251: 5236: 5221: 5201: 5192: 5178: 5164: 5141: 5111: 5091: 5076: 5061: 5031: 5014: 5002: 4993: 4982:(1): 227–228. 4960: 4948: 4929: 4917: 4900: 4888: 4858: 4856:Hillmer, p. 45 4849: 4840: 4838:Hillmer, p. 43 4831: 4829:Hillmer, p. 40 4822: 4820:Hillmer, p. 39 4813: 4804: 4790: 4778: 4750: 4738: 4729: 4717: 4705: 4696: 4689: 4671: 4662: 4650: 4632: 4612: 4603: 4596: 4571: 4569:Hillmer, p. 16 4559: 4550: 4538: 4531: 4508: 4452: 4443: 4434: 4425: 4416: 4407: 4398: 4389: 4380: 4366: 4335: 4326: 4304: 4295: 4286: 4277: 4268: 4247: 4235: 4220: 4187: 4181:978-0773535817 4180: 4162: 4132: 4117: 4111:978-3030318277 4110: 4092: 4059: 4050: 4041: 4032: 4023: 4011: 3993: 3953: 3946: 3928: 3896: 3871: 3844: 3817: 3810: 3781: 3767:The Daily News 3748: 3719: 3704: 3698:978-0773536586 3697: 3672: 3653:(1): 125–126. 3634: 3623:. p. 1062 3605: 3587: 3580: 3547: 3528: 3461: 3452: 3437:Who's Who 1951 3426: 3397: 3370: 3343: 3314: 3284: 3273:(674): 3. 1916 3271:The Marlburian 3255: 3218: 3194: 3181:978-3319582405 3180: 3160: 3127: 3094: 3066:"School Notes" 3057: 3042: 3012: 2987: 2973: 2957:Who's Who 2018 2919: 2885: 2872:The Marlburian 2856: 2832:"School Notes" 2823: 2791: 2766: 2752: 2726: 2712: 2684: 2674:Who's Who 1926 2664: 2651:The Marlburian 2629: 2628: 2626: 2623: 2620: 2619: 2610: 2601: 2585: 2576: 2567: 2547: 2522: 2494: 2466: 2428: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2409: 2406: 2405: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2387: 2384: 2383: 2382: 2371: 2368:Military Cross 2358: 2355: 2354: 2353: 2339: 2327: 2311: 2295: 2277: 2274: 2251:East Hagbourne 2246: 2243: 2235:, 1938, p. 353 2226: 2214:decolonisation 2207:, 1922, p. 135 2198: 2161: 2158: 2113: 2110: 2108: 2105: 2044:Orient Express 2000: 1997: 1952: 1949: 1880:Foreign Office 1861: 1858: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1756:United Nations 1751: 1748: 1722: 1719: 1650: 1647: 1558:British Empire 1528: 1525: 1397:Fall of France 1360: 1357: 1273: 1270: 1257: 1183: 1182:Visits to Rome 1180: 1176:Foreign Office 1167:Chaim Weizmann 1109:Eastern Europe 1104: 1101: 1081:Lango District 1041: 1038: 1030:national parks 952: 949: 947: 944: 923:Ottoman Turkey 901:Constantinople 882:Pan-Africanism 736: 733: 706:Turkana people 626:Force Publique 622:Military Cross 537: 534: 532: 529: 352: 349: 332:official, and 307:. Joining the 281:public servant 259: 258: 255: 254: 247:Military Cross 244: 240: 239: 238: 237: 232: 227: 222: 212: 208: 207: 202: 198: 197: 184: 178: 177: 175:United Kingdom 164: 160: 159: 155: 154: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 120: 119: 109: 98: 96: 92: 91: 85: 81: 80: 74: 72:(aged 70) 66: 62: 61: 56: 43: 41: 37: 36: 28: 27: 25:Tracy Philipps 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5683: 5672: 5669: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5652: 5649: 5647: 5646:MI6 personnel 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5612: 5609: 5607: 5604: 5602: 5599: 5597: 5594: 5592: 5589: 5587: 5584: 5582: 5579: 5577: 5574: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5557: 5554: 5552: 5549: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5529: 5525: 5522: 5521: 5498: 5492: 5477: 5471: 5463: 5456: 5448: 5435: 5427: 5421: 5412: 5404: 5391: 5380: 5372: 5368: 5367: 5359: 5351: 5344: 5329: 5325: 5319: 5310: 5308: 5299: 5292: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5263: 5255: 5247: 5240: 5232: 5225: 5217: 5213: 5212: 5205: 5196: 5188: 5182: 5167: 5161: 5154: 5153: 5145: 5129: 5122: 5115: 5107: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5087: 5080: 5072: 5065: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5038: 5036: 5027: 5026: 5018: 5012:Kirby, p. 238 5009: 5007: 5000:Kirby, p. 228 4997: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4969: 4967: 4965: 4957: 4952: 4945: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4926: 4921: 4914: 4913: 4907: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4875: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4853: 4844: 4835: 4826: 4817: 4808: 4799: 4797: 4795: 4785: 4783: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4754: 4745: 4743: 4733: 4724: 4722: 4715:Kordan, p. 51 4712: 4710: 4703:Kordan, p. 47 4700: 4692: 4686: 4682: 4675: 4666: 4657: 4655: 4646: 4642: 4636: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4617: 4607: 4599: 4593: 4589: 4588: 4580: 4578: 4576: 4566: 4564: 4554: 4545: 4543: 4534: 4528: 4524: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4497: 4493: 4486: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4465: 4463: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4447: 4438: 4429: 4420: 4411: 4402: 4393: 4384: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4351: 4344: 4342: 4340: 4330: 4323:(154): 17–21. 4322: 4318: 4311: 4309: 4299: 4290: 4281: 4272: 4265:(150): 19–32. 4264: 4260: 4259: 4251: 4245: 4239: 4231: 4224: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4191: 4183: 4177: 4173: 4166: 4151: 4147: 4143: 4136: 4128: 4125:"Marriages". 4121: 4113: 4107: 4103: 4096: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4064: 4054: 4045: 4036: 4027: 4018: 4016: 4007: 4000: 3998: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3962: 3960: 3958: 3949: 3943: 3939: 3932: 3916: 3912: 3905: 3903: 3901: 3885: 3881: 3875: 3859: 3855: 3848: 3832: 3828: 3821: 3813: 3807: 3803: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3790: 3788: 3786: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3757: 3755: 3753: 3736: 3732: 3726: 3724: 3715: 3708: 3700: 3694: 3690: 3683: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3641: 3639: 3622: 3615: 3609: 3601: 3597: 3591: 3583: 3581:9780802042453 3577: 3573: 3569: 3564: 3563: 3554: 3552: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3516: 3509: 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3456: 3448: 3444: 3439: 3438: 3430: 3414: 3407: 3401: 3385: 3381: 3380:"SAD.126/5/2" 3374: 3358: 3354: 3353:"SAD.126/5/3" 3347: 3331: 3324: 3318: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3272: 3265: 3259: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3233: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3214: 3210: 3203: 3201: 3199: 3183: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3164: 3148: 3144: 3140: 3134: 3132: 3116: 3115: 3107: 3101: 3099: 3091: 3078: 3074: 3067: 3061: 3053: 3046: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3021:"The Varsity" 3016: 3001: 2997: 2991: 2976: 2970: 2966: 2962: 2958: 2954: 2953: 2946: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2907: 2903: 2896: 2889: 2873: 2866: 2860: 2844: 2840: 2833: 2827: 2812: 2808: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2780: 2776: 2770: 2755: 2753:9780660127491 2749: 2745: 2740: 2739: 2730: 2722: 2716: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2688: 2680: 2676: 2675: 2668: 2652: 2645: 2639: 2637: 2635: 2630: 2614: 2605: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2580: 2571: 2564: 2560: 2559:imperial unit 2556: 2551: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2511: 2506: 2505: 2498: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2478: 2477: 2470: 2463: 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1813: 1811: 1804: 1802: 1796: 1794: 1787: 1785: 1781: 1775: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1761: 1757: 1747: 1743: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1728:John Grierson 1718: 1716: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1646: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1609: 1605: 1603: 1596: 1594: 1591:) and Turks ( 1590: 1584: 1582: 1577: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1541: 1539: 1535: 1524: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1478: 1473: 1469: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1444: 1442: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1416: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1378: 1373: 1369: 1366: 1356: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1333: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1318: 1314: 1310: 1306: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1289:Jacob Makohin 1282: 1278: 1266:, 1940, p. 18 1265: 1264: 1256: 1254: 1250: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1213: 1211: 1207: 1206:Marshal Balbo 1203: 1202:Italian Libya 1199: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1179: 1177: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1160: 1156: 1152: 1148: 1143: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1124:Lubka Kolessa 1120: 1118: 1114: 1110: 1100: 1098: 1094: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1075: 1071: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1055: 1051: 1047: 1037: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1026:entomologists 1023: 1022:Julian Huxley 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1003: 1001: 997: 993: 992:Stjepan Radić 989: 984: 982: 978: 974: 970: 966: 962: 958: 943: 941: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 919: 914: 910: 906: 902: 898: 893: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 862: 860: 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 832: 828: 824: 822: 821: 816: 812: 808: 804: 800: 796: 791: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 769: 765: 761: 757: 753: 745: 741: 732: 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 691: 687: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 658: 654: 653: 648: 644: 643: 637: 635: 631: 630:Ruanda-Urundi 627: 623: 619: 615: 611: 607: 603: 599: 595: 591: 587: 586:war in Africa 583: 579: 575: 574:Rifle Brigade 571: 567: 559: 554: 547: 542: 528: 526: 522: 518: 514: 510: 505: 503: 499: 495: 494:Epiphany term 491: 487: 483: 479: 475: 474:Hatfield Hall 471: 467: 463: 459: 455: 450: 448: 444: 440: 436: 432: 428: 423: 421: 417: 413: 409: 408:County Durham 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 384:Pembrokeshire 381: 380:Haverfordwest 377: 368: 361: 357: 348: 346: 341: 339: 335: 331: 327: 323: 322: 316: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 282: 277: 273: 269: 265: 256: 252: 248: 245: 241: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 217: 216: 213: 209: 206: 203: 199: 196: 185: 179: 176: 165: 161: 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 138: 134: 131: 130:Lubka Kolessa 128: 124: 117: 113: 110: 107: 103: 100: 99: 97: 93: 90: 86: 82: 77: 67: 63: 59: 42: 38: 34: 29: 22: 19: 5528: 5503:. Retrieved 5491: 5479:. Retrieved 5470: 5461: 5455: 5434:cite journal 5420: 5411: 5390:cite journal 5379: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5349: 5343: 5331:. Retrieved 5327: 5318: 5297: 5291: 5266: 5260: 5254: 5239: 5230: 5224: 5210: 5204: 5195: 5186: 5181: 5169:. Retrieved 5151: 5144: 5132:. Retrieved 5128:NNA Berichte 5127: 5114: 5105: 5085: 5079: 5070: 5064: 5050:(3/4): 473. 5047: 5043: 5023: 5017: 4996: 4979: 4975: 4955: 4951: 4943: 4924: 4920: 4910: 4879:. Retrieved 4872: 4861: 4852: 4843: 4834: 4825: 4816: 4807: 4769:. Retrieved 4763: 4753: 4732: 4699: 4680: 4674: 4665: 4644: 4635: 4606: 4586: 4553: 4522: 4499:. Retrieved 4491: 4446: 4437: 4428: 4419: 4410: 4401: 4392: 4383: 4357:. Retrieved 4329: 4320: 4316: 4298: 4289: 4280: 4271: 4262: 4256: 4250: 4238: 4229: 4223: 4211:. Retrieved 4202: 4190: 4171: 4165: 4153:. Retrieved 4149: 4135: 4126: 4120: 4101: 4095: 4083:. Retrieved 4078: 4053: 4044: 4035: 4026: 4005: 3971: 3967: 3937: 3931: 3919:. Retrieved 3914: 3887:. Retrieved 3883: 3874: 3862:. Retrieved 3857: 3847: 3835:. Retrieved 3830: 3820: 3801: 3774:19 September 3772:. Retrieved 3765: 3739:. Retrieved 3734: 3714:Evening Star 3713: 3707: 3688: 3650: 3646: 3625:. Retrieved 3620: 3608: 3599: 3590: 3561: 3544:: 248. 1936. 3541: 3537: 3531: 3519:. Retrieved 3514: 3455: 3436: 3429: 3417:. Retrieved 3412: 3400: 3388:. Retrieved 3383: 3373: 3361:. Retrieved 3356: 3346: 3334:. Retrieved 3329: 3317: 3305:. Retrieved 3300: 3296: 3287: 3275:. Retrieved 3270: 3258: 3246:. Retrieved 3235: 3215:: 502. 1920. 3212: 3208: 3185:. Retrieved 3170: 3163: 3151:. Retrieved 3146: 3142: 3118:. Retrieved 3112: 3088: 3081:. Retrieved 3076: 3072: 3060: 3051: 3045: 3033:. Retrieved 3028: 3024: 3015: 3003:. Retrieved 2999: 2990: 2978:. Retrieved 2951: 2910:. Retrieved 2905: 2901: 2888: 2876:. Retrieved 2871: 2859: 2847:. Retrieved 2842: 2838: 2826: 2814:. Retrieved 2810: 2782:. Retrieved 2778: 2769: 2757:. Retrieved 2737: 2729: 2720: 2715: 2703:. Retrieved 2696: 2687: 2673: 2667: 2655:. Retrieved 2650: 2613: 2604: 2588: 2579: 2570: 2550: 2539:Oxford Union 2525: 2518: 2508: 2502: 2497: 2489: 2485: 2481: 2474: 2469: 2453: 2449: 2437: 2432: 2411: 2342: 2330: 2314: 2298: 2282: 2259: 2248: 2239: 2231: 2223: 2211: 2202: 2195: 2186: 2170:dual mandate 2163: 2151: 2148:antisemitism 2145: 2141:the diaspora 2126: 2115: 2094: 2074:Luther Evans 2063: 2048: 2013: 1986: 1982:Lord Hurcomb 1964: 1954: 1951:Conservation 1942: 1930: 1907:Ralph Murray 1904: 1892: 1873: 1845: 1826: 1824: 1806: 1798: 1789: 1777: 1764: 1753: 1744: 1724: 1704: 1701:Cliveden set 1690: 1678: 1668: 1664:Leo LaFleche 1660:Colin Gibson 1652: 1632:. 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Toronto: 3390:15 November 3363:15 November 3248:28 November 2759:13 November 2446:Marlborough 2160:Colonialism 2137:Arab people 1969:Axel Munthe 1923:George Bell 1896:Protestants 1869:George Bell 1848:Home Office 1683:Albert Kahn 1681:(edited by 1465:Stuart Wood 1421:T. C. Davis 1389:Thomas Cook 967:politician 938:victims of 847:Addis Ababa 833:of Ethiopia 760:Kiga people 702:Arab Revolt 678:Arab Bureau 447:Westminster 400:Oxfordshire 230:Arab Revolt 5535:Categories 5373:(82): 134. 5165:1853835951 4690:0802059783 4597:0802082351 4532:0773522301 3974:(3): 473. 3947:0773523081 3917:. Khartoum 3860:. New York 3811:1442623152 3570:. p. 3441:. 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