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casualties and destructions to the Yuan forces. However, the
Mongols continued advancing into Thăng Long due to their massive cavalry strength, but by this time, the emperor decided to vacate Thăng Long to flee and he ordered the capital to be burned down so the Mongols wouldn't collect any spoils of war. The subsequent battle skirmishes between the Mongols and Đại Việt had mixed results: the Mongols won and captured Yên Hưng and Long Hưng provinces, but lost in the naval battles at Đại Bàng. Eventually, Prince Toghan decided to withdraw his naval fleet and consolidate his command on land battles where he felt the Mongol's superior cavalry would defeat the Đại Việt infantry and cavalry forces. Toghan led the cavalry through Nội Bàng while his naval fleet commander, Omar, directly launched the naval force along the
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the Mongol forces, the
Emperor Emeritus Trần Thánh Tông summoned General Trần Khánh Dư to be court-martialed for military failures, but the general managed to delay reporting to the court and was able to regroup his forces in Vân Đồn. The cavalry and fleet of Prince Toghan continued to advance into the imperial capital Thăng Long. Meanwhile, the trailing supply fleet of Prince Toghan, arriving at Vân Đồn a few days after General Trần Khánh Dư's had already occupied this strategic garrison, the Mongol supply fleet was ambushed and captured by General Trần Khánh Dư's forces. Khánh Dư was then pardoned by Emperor Emeritus. The Mongol main occupying army quickly realized their support and supply fleet has been cut off.
453:(known as Trần Nhân Tông, and to the Mongol as Trần Nhật Tôn) his successor. Kublai sent a mission led by Chai Chun to Đại Việt, and once again urged the new king to come to China in person, but the king refused. The Yuan then refused to recognize him as king, and tried to place a Vietnamese defector as king of Đại Việt. Frustrated with the failed diplomatic missions, many Yuan officials urged Kublai to send a punitive expedition to Đại Việt. In 1283, Khublai Khan sent Ariq Qaya to Đại Việt with an imperial request for Đại Việt to help attack Champa through Vietnamese territory, and demands for provisions and other support for the Yuan army, but the king refused.
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Mongol fleet to retreat from the river, the Viet deployed smaller and more maneuverable vessels into agitating and luring the Mongol vessels into the riverside where the booby traps were waiting while it was still high tide. As the river tide on Bạch Đằng River receded, the Mongol vessels were stuck and sunk by the embedded steel-tipped stakes. Under the presence of the
Emperor Emeritus Thánh Tông and Emperor Nhân Tông, the Viet forces led by the Prince of Hưng Đạo burned down an estimated 400 large Mongol vessels and captured the remaining naval crew along the river. The entire Mongol fleet was destroyed and the Mongol fleet admiral Omar was captured.
24:
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500:. As fighting in Champa intensified, Toghan ordered Sodu to return to Champa with the warm weather and disease in Đại Việt given as the official reason. During this retreat, Trần Hưng Đạo's forces inflicted major victories over on the Red River, resulting in the death of Sodu and the retreat of Omar Batur to China. Đại Việt forces retook Thăng Long and Toghan returned to China with great losses.
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The Mongol naval fleet was unaware of the river's terrain. Days before this expedition, the Prince of Hưng Đạo predicted the Mongol's naval route and quickly deployed heavy unconventional traps of steel-tipped wooden stakes unseen during high tides along the Bạch Đằng River bed. When Omar ordered the
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in Vân Đồn. Simultaneously, Prince Ariq-Qaya led his massive cavalry and captured Phú Lương and Đại Than garrisons, two strategic military posts bordering Đại Việt and China. The cavalry later rendezvous with Prince Toghan's navy in Vân Đồn. In response to the battle skirmish defeats at the hands of
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In 1300 AD, he fell ill and died of natural causes at the age of 73. His body was cremated and his ashes were dispersed under his favorite oak tree he planted in his royal family estate near Thăng Long in accordance to his will. The Viet intended to bury him in a lavish royal mausoleum and official
533:
The capture of the Mongol supply fleet at Vân Đồn along with the concurring news that
General Trần Hưng Đạo had recaptured Đại Than garrison in the north sent the fast advancing Mongol forces into chaos. The Đại Việt forces unleashed guerrilla warfare on the weakened Mongol forces causing heavy
469:
and ask him if Đại Việt should surrender. Trần Hưng Đạo resisted and asked for the aid of the private armies of the Trần princes. In early 1285, Trần envoys offered peace terms to the
Mongols. Toghan and his deputy Omar Batur refused, engaged Trần Hưng Đạo's forces in battle on the banks of the
512:
to lead another invasion campaign into Đại Việt with a determination to occupy and redeem the previous defeat. The Yuan Mongol and
Chinese forces formed an even larger infantry, cavalry and naval fleet with the total strength estimated at 120.000 troops according to the Mongols and 500.000 men
385:) to his younger brother Emperor Thái Tông under pressure from Imperial Regent Trần Thủ Độ to solidify Trần clan's dynastic stability. The brothers Trần Liễu and Emperor Trần Thái Tông harboured grudges against their uncle Trần Thủ Độ for the forced marital arrangement.
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led the Mongol invasion of Đại Việt. Trần Hưng Đạo was the general of the combined Đại Việt land and naval forces, which was routed by the main Mongol land forces and retreated back to the capital Thăng Long. After hearing about the successive defeats, emperor
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2009. p. 144 "... to the official national autobiography, the legends relating to the origins of the nation are complemented by other legends of heroes in order to constitute the
Vietnamese nation's pantheon: Hai Bà Trưng, Lý Thường Kiệt, Trần Hưng Đạo,
564:, but his remaining force managed to escape back to China by dividing their forces into smaller retreating groups but most were captured or killed in skirmishes on the way back to the border frontier, resulting in losing half the remaining army.
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p. 94 2012 "These scholars may have underestimated existing links between male and female rituals. Nowadays, as Phạm Quỳnh Phương (2009) has noted, a strict distinction between the
Mothers' cult and the cult of Trần Hưng Đạo is no longer upheld,
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ceremony upon his death, but he declined in favour of a simplistic private ceremony. For his military brilliance in defending Đại Việt during his lifetime, the
Emperor posthumously bestowed Trần Hưng Đạo the title of
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During the first stage of the invasion, the
Mongols quickly defeated most of the Đại Việt troops that were stationed along the border. Prince Toghan's naval fleet devastated most of the naval force of General
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Sun, Laichen (2014). "Imperial Ideal Compromised: Northern and Southern Courts Across the New Frontier in the Early Yuan Era". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.).
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Anderson, James A. (2014). "Man and Mongols: the Dali and Đại Việt Kingdoms in the Face of the Northern Invasions". In Anderson, James A.; Whitmore, John K. (eds.).
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as a national hero. Several shrines are dedicated to him, and even religious belief and mediumship includes belief in him as a god, Đức Thánh Trần (
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is dedicated to him, with the road Bolsa Avenue given an alternative name "Đại Lộ Trần Hưng Đạo", translating to "Trần Hưng Đạo Boulevard".
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as the new King of Annam. The Trần forces had their forces surrounded by the Yuan army while their emperors fled along the coast to
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During the first Mongol invasion of Vietnam in 1258, Trần Hưng Đạo served as an officer commanding troops on the frontier.
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in 1225 AD. Later, Trần Liễu—the Empress Lý Chiêu Hoàng's brother-in-law at the time—was forced to defer his own wife (
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799:. It also hosts the headquarters of the city police and fire departments. A statue in honor of him is placed at
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The Mongol forces under Sodu, deputy to Toghan, continued to push further south and installed defected prince
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1135:(in Vietnamese) (Nội các quan bản ed.), Hanoi: Social Science Publishing House, pp. 196–198
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The majority of cities and towns in Vietnam have central streets, wards and schools named after him.
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1187:(History and culture of Hanoi and Tonkin). Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
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China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia
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China's Encounters on the South and Southwest: Reforging the Fiery Frontier Over Two Millennia
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The cavalry force of Prince Toghan was more fortunate. They were ambushed by General
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In 1278, Trần Thái Tông died. King Trần Thánh Tông retired and made crown prince
311:. After his death, he was considered a saint and deified by the people and named
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Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo and his wife, Princess Thiên Thành, at Kiếp Bạc Temple
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Secondary Cities and Urban Networking in the Indian Ocean Realm, C. 1400–1800
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303:– 興道大王), was a Vietnamese royal prince, statesman and military commander of
785:'s Tran Hung Dao road is a waterfront boulevard on the eastern side of the
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Engaging the Spirit World: Popular Beliefs and Practices in Modern Vietnam
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Lien, Vu Hong; Sharrock, Peter (2014). "6: The Trần Dynasty (1226-1443)".
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765:. Several embassies and government ministries are located on this street.
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are considered among the greatest military feats in Vietnamese history.
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771:'s Tran Hung Dao road runs along the central park square and links the
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Ming China and Vietnam: Negotiating Borders in Early Modern Asia
319:(九天武帝). Hưng Đạo commanded the Vietnamese armies that repelled
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In 1287, Kublai Khan this time sent one of his favorite sons,
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1007:
Marco Polo's China: A Venetian in the Realm of Khubilai Khan
1223:. Volume 1 of Comparative urban studies. Lexington Books.
970:"Vietnam - The Tran Dynasty and the Defeat of the Mongols"
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in the late 13th century. His multiple victories over the
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Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo, Vietnamese Hero, 19th–20th. C.
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Painting of Trần Hưng Đạo (1228–1300) in Nguyễn dynasty
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Descending Dragon, Rising Tiger: A History of Vietnam
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Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo in a temple, Hồ Chí Minh City
3420:(in Vietnamese), Saigon: Center for School Materials
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3406:(in Vietnamese), Hanoi: Education Publishing House
338:The three watercolor paintings depict Thánh Trần (
465:travelled by small boat to meet Trần Hưng Đạo in
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1206:(illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press.
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795:'s Tran Hung Dao road is a thoroughfare of its
3428:A history of Vietnam: from Hong Bang to Tu Duc
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923:Trần dynasty military tactics and organization
369:, the elder brother of the new child emperor,
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1255:Le Vietnam et la stratégie du faible au fort
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1262:Translated and adapted by George F. Schultz
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717:Princess Anh Nguyên, later wife of General
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1024:. United States: Brill. pp. 106–134.
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1321:Emperor, Empress Regnant, Retired Emperor
994:. United States: Brill. pp. 193–231.
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321:two out of three major Mongol invasions
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3403:Khâm định Việt sử Thông giám cương mục
749:time) is a major road in the south of
704:Trần Thị Trinh, later Empress Consort
3398:National Bureau for Historical Record
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955:Bruce M. Lockhart, William J. Duiker
943:Education As a Political Tool in Asia
286:
829:The statue of Đức Thánh Trần in the
741:'s Tran Hung Dao street (previously
17:
1185:Vietnam Past and Present: The North
1183:Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David:
1149:. Periplus Travel Maps. 2002–2003.
1004:
989:
253:Mother of the Nation Lady Thiện Đạo
180:Mother of the Nation Lady Nguyên Từ
13:
3449:Family tree of Vietnamese monarchs
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941:Marie-Carine Lall, Edward Vickers
37:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
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1169:Andrea Lauser, Kirsten W. Endres
351:Trần Hưng Đạo was born as Prince
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271:Commander-in-chief of the armies
22:
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3431:, Greenwood Publishing Group,
1217:Hall, Kenneth R., ed. (2008).
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513:according to the Vietnamese .
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365:) in 1228, as a son of Prince
1:
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863:commissioned in 2018 for the
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643:Consort: Princess Thiên Thành
542:The Battle of Bạch Đằng River
909:Proclamation to the Officers
138:1300 (aged 71–72)
7:
3510:Vietnamese military writers
1203:A History of the Vietnamese
1045:Baldanza, Kathlene (2016).
918:Mongol invasions of Vietnam
870:
831:Temple of the Jade Mountain
576:Statue of Trần Hưng Đạo in
307:military forces during the
92:Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
80:Imperial Prince of Đại Việt
10:
3526:
1309:
1242:Tran Hung Dao (1213–1300)
1231:. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
1214:. Retrieved 7 August 2013.
1051:Cambridge University Press
818:
814:
761:) to the main hall of the
548:Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
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842:Tín ngưỡng Đức Thánh Trần
724:
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596:(Grand Prince Hưng Đạo).
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85:
1005:Haw, Stephen G. (2006).
847:
701:, later Prince Hưng Hiếu
567:
291:; 1228–1300), real name
94:Grand Prince of Hưng Đạo
3425:Chapuis, Oscar (1995),
3389:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
1132:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
1009:. Taylor & Francis.
674:, later Prince Hưng Trí
560:along the road through
52:more precise citations.
3480:13th-century conflicts
1200:Taylor, K. W. (2013).
833:
753:. It links the city's
710:Emperor Trần Nhân Tông
683:Empress Consort Bảo Từ
677:Trần Quốc Tảng, later
661:, later Prince Hưng Vũ
640:Mother: Lady Thiện Đạo
588:
580:
521:
445:Second Mongol invasion
343:
342:) and his six generals
288:[ʈə̂nhɨŋɗâːwˀ]
3490:Trần dynasty generals
957:The A to Z of Vietnam
865:Vietnam People's Navy
836:He is revered by the
828:
687:Emperor Trần Anh Tông
586:
575:
519:
504:Third Mongol invasion
392:First Mongol invasion
337:
297:Grand Prince Hưng Đạo
295:(陳國峻), also known as
3495:Trần dynasty writers
1299:Trần imperial family
959:p. 374 Trần Hưng Đạo
867:is named after him.
773:Haiphong Opera House
383:Princess Thuận Thiên
2515:Princess Anh Nguyên
1147:Vietnam Country Map
405:Vietnamese alphabet
3500:Vietnamese deities
913:History of Vietnam
834:
821:Thánh Trần worship
751:Hoan Kiem District
743:Boulevard Gambetta
679:Prince Hưng Nhượng
594:Hưng Đạo Đại Vương
589:
581:
522:
344:
340:Đức Thánh Hưng Đạo
301:Hưng Đạo Đại Vương
153:Hải Dương Province
3458:
3457:
3454:
3453:
3371:
3370:
2713:Princess Thụy Bảo
1349:
1348:
1060:978-1-316-53131-0
1031:978-9-004-28248-3
974:countrystudies.us
838:Vietnamese people
803:at city downtown.
706:Khâm Từ Bảo Thánh
456:In January 1285,
439:
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222:
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114:Tức Mặc, Mỹ Lộc,
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3417:Việt Nam sử lược
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3013:Nguyễn Phi Khanh
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759:Route Circulaire
747:French Indochina
714:Empress Tuyên Từ
700:
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652:Trần Quốc Nghiễn
621:
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538:simultaneously.
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2845:Trần Bình Trọng
2838:Trần Nguyên Đán
2383:Trần Quang Khải
2369:Trần Thánh Tông
2362:Trần Quốc Khang
1750:Trần Hoằng Nghi
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2994:Trần Nghệ Tông
2991:
2989:
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2980:Trần Hiến Tông
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2823:Trần Minh Tông
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2528:Trần Nhân Tông
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2521:Trần Quốc Tảng
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899:History portal
888:
885:Vietnam portal
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819:Main article:
816:
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801:a major square
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665:Trần Quốc Hiện
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463:Trần Nhân Tông
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371:Trần Thái Tông
353:Trần Quốc Tuấn
348:
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313:Đức Thánh Trần
293:Trần Quốc Tuấn
275:
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218:Trần Quốc Tuấn
215:
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206:
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203:Trần Quốc Tảng
199:Trần Quốc Hiện
191:Trần Thị Trinh
188:
182:
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3274:Trần Thiếu Đế
3260:
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3178:
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3126:Dương Nhật Lễ
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3007:Trần Thị Thái
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2707:Trần Văn Bích
2693:
2692:Trần Anh Tông
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2535:Trần Khánh Dư
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2355:Trần Hưng Đạo
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2002:
1999:
1995:
1993:
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1971:
1967:
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1919:
1918:
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1901:Trần Thị Dung
1895:
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1880:Trần Tự Khánh
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1156:0-7946-0070-0
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1128:
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1114:
1112:9781780233888
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907:Hịch tướng sĩ
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854:Tran Hung Dao
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531:
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527:Trần Khánh Dư
518:
514:
511:
510:Prince Toghan
501:
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482:
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473:
468:
464:
459:
458:Prince Toghan
454:
452:
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416:
411:Trần Hưng Đạo
408:
406:
402:
399:Trần Hưng Đạo
397:
389:
386:
384:
380:
377:replaced the
376:
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86:Trần Hưng Đạo
84:
72:
69:
61:
51:
47:
41:
40:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
3427:
3415:
3401:
3387:
3377:
3141:Giản Định Đế
2987:Trần Dụ Tông
2542:Trần Đạo Tái
2509:Phạm Ngũ Lão
2376:Trần Ích Tắc
2354:
1310:
1265:
1219:
1202:
1195:Bibliography
1184:
1179:
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942:
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858:Gepard-class
853:
851:
841:
835:
806:A statue in
758:
757:(originally
754:
742:
733:
719:Phạm Ngũ Lão
692:Trần Quốc Uy
681:, father of
593:
590:
558:Phạm Ngũ Lão
555:
551:
532:
523:
507:
494:Trần Ích Tắc
491:
476:Thiên Trường
455:
448:
440:
387:
375:Trần dynasty
373:, after the
352:
350:
325:Yuan dynasty
316:
312:
309:Trần dynasty
300:
296:
292:
279:
278:
270:
233:Trần dynasty
116:Thiên Trường
91:
64:
55:
36:
15:
3475:1300 deaths
3470:1228 births
3384:Ngô Sĩ Liên
3166:Nguyễn Trãi
3155:Trần Phế Đế
2203:Lê Phụ Trần
2196:Chiêu Thánh
2046:Thuận Thiên
1908:Trần Thủ Độ
1894:Lý Huệ Tông
1311:Colour note
1252:(in French)
1127:Ngô Sĩ Liên
745:during the
695: [
668: [
655: [
479: [
329:Kublai Khan
284:Vietnamese:
50:introducing
3464:Categories
3438:0313296227
3134:Trang Định
2678:Huyền Trân
1229:0739128353
1212:0521875862
929:References
730:Placenames
467:Quảng Ninh
266:Occupation
58:March 2017
33:references
2676:Princess
2548:Princess
2348:Tuệ Trung
2194:Princess
2101:Trần Liễu
2044:Princess
1887:Trần Thừa
1453:Trần Kinh
797:Chinatown
787:Hàn River
777:Cấm River
769:Hai Phong
498:Thanh Hóa
472:Red River
451:Trần Khâm
379:Lý family
367:Trần Liễu
315:(德聖陳) or
244:Trần Liễu
3414:(1971),
3400:(1998),
3386:(1993),
2973:Cung Túc
1578:Trần Hấp
1343:Princess
1129:(1993),
871:See also
775:and the
634:Father:
578:Quy Nhơn
562:Nội Bàng
487:Nam Định
305:Đại Việt
261:Buddhism
258:Religion
149:Chí Linh
145:Đại Việt
141:Vạn Kiếp
124:Nam Định
120:Đại Việt
3132:Prince
2971:Prince
1729:Trần Lý
861:frigate
815:Shrines
783:Da Nang
646:Issues:
419:Chữ Hán
347:Origins
242:Prince
157:Vietnam
147:(today
128:Vietnam
122:(today
46:improve
3435:
3378:Notes:
1341:
1339:
1332:Prince
1330:
1328:
1319:
1317:
1227:
1210:
1153:
1109:
1057:
1028:
725:Legacy
600:Family
327:under
250:Mother
239:Father
177:Spouse
171:garden
169:An Lạc
164:Burial
35:, but
2550:An Tư
946:etc."
848:Other
739:Hanoi
699:]
672:]
659:]
568:Death
483:]
228:House
213:Names
186:Issue
3433:ISBN
1225:ISBN
1208:ISBN
1151:ISBN
1107:ISBN
1055:ISBN
1026:ISBN
852:The
135:Died
112:1228
109:Born
844:).
708:of
685:of
485:in
143:,
118:,
3466::
1105:.
1101:.
1069:^
1053:.
1049:.
982:^
972:.
856:a
697:vi
670:vi
657:vi
489:.
481:vi
155:,
151:,
126:,
1291:e
1284:t
1277:v
1174:"
1159:.
1115:.
1063:.
1034:.
976:.
789:.
779:.
432:道
429:興
426:陳
363:峻
360:國
357:陳
355:(
299:(
282:(
273:)
159:)
130:)
71:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
42:.
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