89:
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29:
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100:
1735:
494:
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476:, step plates, and snowplows. It also allows a driver to maneuver a trailer with better visibility into a parking site. Front trailer hitches are mounted directly to the frame of a vehicle to ensure a reliable connection. Front hitches are typically equipped with standard-sized receiver tubes to accommodate a variety of removable aftermarket hitch mounted accessories.
449:
604:. At high speeds, trailer sway can become dangerous. Most vehicle manufacturers will only allow a maximum trailer capacity of 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg) and 500 pounds (230 kg) of tongue weight without using a weight-distributing hitch. Tow vehicles often have square receiver sockets to accept weight distributing hitches.
599:
A weight-distributing hitch is a "load leveling" hitch. It is a hitch setup mounted on the tow vehicle that uses spring bars and chains under tension to distribute part of the trailer's hitch weight from the towing vehicle's rear axle to the towing vehicle's front axle and to the trailer's axle(s).
124:
Outside North
America, the vehicle mounting for the tow ball is called the tow bracket. The mounting points for all recent passenger vehicles are defined by the vehicle manufacturer and the tow-bracket manufacturer must use these mount points and prove the efficacy of their bracket for each vehicle
250:
Trailer hitch balls come in various sizes depending on the load they carry and the country of operation, with removable types consisting of a bolt/shank to attach to the ball mount. The trailer tongue (North
America) or coupling (outside North America) slips over a trailer hitch ball attached to a
194:
can accommodate a variety of different tow hitches when the tow hook/ball may be attached via a receiver tube attached to the tow vehicle. Trailer hitch receiver tubes may be bolted, welded, or integral to the vehicle chassis, and come in various sizes depending on the load they are designed to
659:
The clearance between the lunette and pintle allows for more relative motion between the trailer and tow vehicle than a ball coupling does. A disadvantage of that is the "slam" transmitted into the towing vehicle with each push/pull load reversal. This becomes a tradeoff between a more secure
147:
inch (1.6 mm) larger than the ball bolt/shank diameter. The ball mount must match the SAE hitch class. The ballmount for a receiver-type hitch is a square bar that fits into a receiver attached to the vehicle. Removable ball mounts are offered with a varying rise or drop to accommodate
537:
There are two main categories of ISO tow ball: the flange fitting and the swan-neck which has an extended neck fitting into the tow-bracket. Swan-neck tow balls are often removable to avoid the inconvenience of a tow ball protruding from the vehicle when not required. Some manufacturers are
488:
Coupling ball of Class A . (Tow ball 50 mm ). Dimension according to regulation No 55 of the
Economic Commission for Europe of the United Nations (UNECE) — Uniform provisions concerning the approval of mechanical coupling components of combinations of vehicles , ANNEX 5, Figure
120:
Bumper/fixed-drawbar type hitches typically are built as one piece, have an integrated hole (sometimes more than one hole on pickup trucks) for the trailer ball mount, and are generally not compatible with aftermarket hitch-mounted accessories.
254:
A larger, heavy-duty gooseneck ball size: 3 in (76.2 mm) is typically used for towing greater than 10,000 pounds (4.5 t), and this towing capacity falls outside of the scope of SAE J684 trailer hitch classes.
471:
Front trailer hitches are also used on pickup trucks, full-size SUVs, and RVs for multiple purposes. A front-mounted hitch can accommodate additional truck equipment such as front mount bike carriers, fishing/hunting gear,
456:
Weight ratings for both bumper-mounted and frame-mounted receiver hitches can be found on the bumper of pickup trucks (for bumper-mounted tow balls) and on the receiver hitch (for frame-mounted receiver hitches).
112:
Trailer hitches for conventional passenger cars, light-duty commercial vehicles, light trucks, and multipurpose passenger vehicles come in two main OEM or aftermarket types: receiver and bumper/fixed-drawbar.
79:
To tow safely, the correct combination of vehicle and trailer must be combined with correct loading horizontally and vertically on the tow ball. Advice should be heeded (see references) to avoid problems.
116:
Receiver-type hitches consist of a portion with a rearward-facing opening that accepts removable aftermarket hitch-mounted accessories: trailer hitch ball mounts, hitch bike racks, cargo carriers, etc.
687:
developed the trailer hitch with a ball head and socket joint. Franz Knöbel patented the ball head-socket joint trailer hitch invention on March 14, 1934. Westfalia holds a number of towing patents.
675:
An advantage of the gooseneck hitch is its tighter turning radius, which helps when towing a big flatbed or car hauler. Gooseneck hitches also enable use of the entire truck bed when not towing.
72:, or a tow pin, or a tow hook with a trailer loop, often used for large or agricultural vehicles where slack in the pivot pin allows similar movements. Another category is the towing
37:
672:
mounts in the middle of the truck bed. This hitch is designed to be paired with a gooseneck trailer, which can manage heavier loads than a hitch at the back of the tow vehicle.
534: in) in diameter and conforms to a standard BS AU 113b (replaced by BS ISO 1103:2007). With a minor modification, it was published by UNECE on 15 June 2018, as class A.
156:
A trailer hitch typically bolts to the chassis of the vehicle. In North
America, there are a few common trailer hitch classes (I, II, III, and IV) that are defined by the
809:
648:
hook on the tow vehicle. A pintle hook and lunette ring make a more secure coupling, desirable on rough terrain, compared to ball-type
549:. In Sweden, around 2.2 million cars of around 4.3 million (just over 50%) have tow balls. In the United Kingdom the popularity of
1141:
937:
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1006:
856:
541:
Across Europe around 25% of vehicles have tow balls fitted—but there are distinct regional variations, being more common in
717:
580:
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683:
Before 1932, all trailers used only jaw or hook couplings with an eyelet for trailer towing. In 1932, Franz Knöbel, of
177:
Some manufacturers market Class V hitches, but there was no such standard listed in the 2014 version of SAE J684.
1779:
1109:
955:
157:
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712:
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Outside of North
America, the ISO standard tow ball that has been adopted in most of the world is 50 mm (
1716:
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1550:
867:(186). National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration: 57643–57646. 25 September 2000
103:
Class IV receiver for up to 10,000-pound (4.5 t) towing capacity with wiring connector on the left side
1748:
702:
600:
It can help reduce trailer sway and hop. Trailer hop can jerk the tow vehicle. Trailer sway is also called
1497:
1134:
579:
variants are standardised at the regional or national and local levels. Some variants are defined by the
1699:
506:
1088:
242:
747:
1454:
88:
887:"Trailer Couplings, Hitches, and Safety Chains -- Automotive Type (Standard: J684, Revision: A)"
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1317:
1127:
497:
Trailer coupled (i.e., "hooked") onto a ball-type tow hitch and electrical connector plugged in
1031:
1192:
181:"Class V" – up to 17,000 pounds (7,700 kg) – larger loads (construction equipment, etc.)
1618:
707:
827:"J684: Trailer Couplings, Hitches, and Safety Chains--Automotive Type - SAE International"
8:
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94/20/EC requirements and fitted to vehicles first registered on or after 1 August 1998.
28:
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nose gear. It can take the form of a tow ball to allow swiveling and articulation of a
652:
hitches. It is commonly seen in towing applications in agriculture, industry, and the
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hitches. These are used for agriculture, industry, and large recreational trailers.
173:
Class IV – up to 10,000 pounds (4,500 kg) – larger loads (campers, boats, etc.)
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Class III – up to 5,000 pounds (2,300 kg) – larger loads (campers, boats, etc.)
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For flat deck and pickup trucks towing 10,000-to-30,000-pound (4.5 to 13.6 t)
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A pintle hook (top) and lunette ring (bottom), used in towing applications by the
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variations in the height of the vehicle and trailer to provide for level towing.
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A lunette ring is a type of trailer hitch that works in combination with a
137:
The trailer hitch ball attaches to a ball mount; with a diameter typically
591:
A car can be equipped with a trailer tow hitch with a removable tow ball.
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Class III and IV: 2 in (50.8 mm) heavy duty receiver tube
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Heavy trailer mounted on a gooseneck hitch inside pickup truck bed
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The vehicle must also be electrically connected to the trailer.
484:
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Hard attachment point on a road vehicle, used to tow a trailer
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carry and the country of operation. The US standards are:
167:
Class II – up to 3,500 pounds (1,600 kg) – light loads
213: in (31.8 mm) light or medium duty receiver tube
1161:
1089:"Westfalia – Company history | Westfalen Mobil GmbH"
558:
164:
Class I – up to 2,000 pounds (910 kg) – light loads
40:
A screw-on tow hook mounted at the front of a vehicle
660:coupling and a more comfortable towing experience.
19:"Trailer hitch" redirects here. For the song, see
251:receiver hitch mount or integral with the hitch.
1771:
538:introducing retractable tow balls as an option.
246:Operation of tow ball with trailer hitch mounted
956:"Directive 94/20/EC of the European Parliament"
785:"A Mover's Guide to Trailers & Tow Hitches"
607:
1032:"Släpvagnskörning med B-körkort (SOU 2007:33)"
56:in North America) is a device attached to the
1135:
1110:Directive 94/20/EC of the European Parliament
932:
930:
233: in (50.8 or 63.5 mm) receiver tube
960:Official Journal of the European Communities
594:
851:
849:
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92:Under bumper class III receiver hitch with
32:A tow ball mounted on the rear of a vehicle
1142:
1128:
927:
561:) vehicles being fitted with tow hitches.
553:is responsible for a large proportion of
516:Tow hook mounted on the rear of a vehicle
505:, tow hitches must be a type approved by
907:
844:
782:
511:
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259:Typical North American hitch ball sizes
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35:
27:
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83:
1149:
1123:
908:Benjamin, Scott C. (8 October 2008).
76:used on military vehicles worldwide.
1744:
1081:
783:Campbell, Julia (9 September 2019).
718:ISO standards for trailer connectors
586:
581:ISO standards for trailer connectors
1717:Vehicle identification number (VIN)
437:>10,000 lb (4,540 kg)
13:
663:
14:
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1103:
857:"US Department of Transportation"
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1160:Part of a series of articles on
910:"How Front-mount Receivers Work"
889:. SAE International. 30 May 2014
627:
618:
107:
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999:
944:. EU, UNECE ANNEX 5, Figure 2.
426:10,000 lb (4,540 kg)
381:10,000 lb (4,540 kg)
158:Society of Automotive Engineers
151:
974:
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879:
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405:6,000 lb (2,720 kg)
360:6,000 lb (2,720 kg)
339:6,000 lb (2,720 kg)
331:3,500 lb (1,590 kg)
132:
1:
1551:Approach and departure angles
982:"ISO - 43.040.70 - Couplings"
769:
237:
94:7-pin blade trailer connector
1075:www.westfalia-automotive.com
938:"Tow ball 50mm - EU class A"
703:Electronic stability control
608:Pintle hook and lunette ring
311:2,000 lb (907 kg)
303:2,000 lb (907 kg)
7:
1614:Automotive light bulb types
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713:Fifth Wheel and Gooseneck
595:Weight-distributing hitch
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466:fifth wheel and gooseneck
434:2 in (50.8 mm)
431:3 in (76.2 mm)
402:1 in (25.4 mm)
385:
336:1 in (25.4 mm)
316:2 in (50.8 mm)
315:
308:1 in (25.4 mm)
274:
269:
266:
263:
1634:high-intensity discharge
748:Trailer brake controller
507:European Union directive
423: in (31.8 mm)
399: in (58.7 mm)
378: in (34.9 mm)
357: in (31.8 mm)
328: in (19.1 mm)
300: in (19.1 mm)
288: in (47.6 mm)
1780:Automotive accessories
1318:Stressed member engine
1071:"Westfalia-Automotive"
517:
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1450:Windshield/windscreen
810:"Nissan Towing Guide"
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270:Typical max capacity
245:
102:
91:
39:
31:
1619:Daytime running lamp
708:Fifth-wheel coupling
565:Electrical connector
267:Bolt/shank diameter
125:by a full rig-based
64:, or a towbar to an
1581:Weight distribution
1513:Omniview technology
260:
186:Receiver tube sizes
84:Regional variations
1700:Registration plate
1093:westfalia-mobil.de
1057:"Trailer coupling"
1037:(in Swedish). 2007
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1354:Trunk/boot/dickie
1151:Automotive design
942:eur-lex.europa.eu
758:Trailer (vehicle)
753:Trailer connector
698:Drawbar (haulage)
587:Trailer tow hitch
577:Trailer connector
571:Trailer connector
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60:of a vehicle for
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664:Gooseneck hitch
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962:. 30 May 1994
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914:HowStuffWorks
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108:North America
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54:trailer hitch
51:
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26:
22:
21:Trailer Hitch
1705:vanity plate
1678:
1644:trafficators
1455:washer fluid
1435:Power window
1430:Opera window
1342:Compartments
1230:Crumple zone
1215:Cabrio coach
1159:
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1039:. Retrieved
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1014:. Retrieved
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891:. Retrieved
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869:. Retrieved
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792:. Retrieved
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743:Tractor unit
728:Semi-trailer
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152:Load classes
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127:fatigue test
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53:
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25:
1639:sealed beam
1571:Roll center
1566:Ride height
1503:Japan black
1498:Instruments
1483:Curb feeler
1349:Hood/bonnet
1016:3 September
991:3 September
986:www.iso.org
966:19 February
836:3 September
831:www.sae.org
794:19 February
602:fishtailing
547:Scandinavia
133:Ball mounts
1425:Greenhouse
871:29 October
770:References
763:Truck nuts
464:there are
264:Ball size
238:Ball sizes
1679:Tow hitch
1597:equipment
1523:Tire/tyre
1382:Gull-wing
1372:Butterfly
1333:Trunk lid
1276:Monocoque
1180:Framework
733:Tow truck
723:Ringfeder
46:tow hitch
1774:Category
1739:Category
1624:Headlamp
1606:Lighting
1595:Exterior
1561:Overhang
1544:Geometry
1528:run-flat
1508:Nerf bar
1323:Subframe
1291:Platform
1281:Overhang
1193:Beltline
789:move.org
691:See also
654:military
636:military
551:caravans
462:trailers
66:aircraft
1749:Commons
1445:Sunroof
1397:Suicide
1392:Sliding
1387:Scissor
1328:Tonneau
1313:Spoiler
1220:Chassis
1041:31 July
893:31 July
738:Tractor
679:History
650:trailer
543:Benelux
529:⁄
501:In the
474:winches
418:⁄
394:⁄
373:⁄
352:⁄
323:⁄
295:⁄
283:⁄
228:⁄
208:⁄
160:(SAE).
142:⁄
70:trailer
58:chassis
50:tow bar
1759:Portal
1629:hidden
1377:Canopy
1286:Pillar
1267:shaker
1252:Grille
1245:skirts
1240:ponton
1235:Fender
1208:Dagmar
1203:Bumper
919:6 July
646:pintle
480:Europe
74:pintle
62:towing
1712:Theft
1693:Legal
1672:power
1533:spare
1518:Parts
1460:wiper
1412:Glass
1364:Doors
1262:scoop
1035:(PDF)
813:(PDF)
668:The
1662:Horn
1402:Swan
1306:rack
1301:Roof
1257:Hood
1171:Body
1162:cars
1043:2014
1018:2021
993:2021
968:2020
921:2021
895:2014
873:2020
838:2021
796:2020
545:and
48:(or
1011:ISO
559:SUV
52:or
1776::
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23:.
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