27:
89:
686:
26:
525:
Until 1829 their children were considered to be
Chinese, but later they were regarded as Vietnamese and were ... to reside in Vietnam.10 The preferential treatment for Chinese immigrants and naturalization exercise under Nguyen rules
70:
When more pure-blooded Arabs, Chinese and
Dutchmen were born in the East Indies, the term gained significance in describing those of exclusive or almost exclusive foreign ancestry.
57:, who initially coined the term to describe the foreign born and new immigrants of "pure blood" – as opposed to people of mixed indigenous and foreign descent, such as the
80:
Chinese were divided into Thanh people (like Totok) and Minh Huong (mixed
Chinese Vietnamese like Peranakan) in 1829 by Emperor Minh Mang of the Nguyen dynasty.
1168:
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88:
2144:
97:
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487:
Tan, Mely G. (2008) (in
English and Indonesian), Etnis Tionghoa di Indonesia: Kumpulan Tulisan (Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia, 2008)
956:
674:
470:
Willems, Wim "Tjalie
Robinson; Biografie van een Indo-schrijver" Chapter: Een Totok als vader (Publisher: Bert Bakker, 2008) p. 45
397:
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492:
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53:, or European origins. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries it was popularised among colonists in
972:
2122:
438:
316:
77:
of 'Totok', the former meaning simply 'descendants' (of mixed roots), and the latter meaning 'pure'.
1039:
821:
188:
2101:
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2106:
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2017:
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8:
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50:
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537:
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2059:
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1187:
1034:
646:
399:
The
Hadrami Awakening: Community and Identity in the Netherlands East Indies, 1900-1942
266:
144:
132:
54:
440:
Opium to Java: Revenue
Farming and Chinese Enterprise in Colonial Indonesia, 1860-1910
2515:
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353:(11 April 1996 ed.). National University of Singapore Press. pp. 186–286.
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2012:
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243:
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2005:
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592:
212:
102:
351:
Being "Dutch" in the Indies: A History of
Creolisation and Empire, 1500–1920
30:
Dutch Totok couple wearing Dutch traditional clothing on New Year's Day 1926
1918:
1913:
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197:(1812–1879), church minister of Batavia, political activist (1838–1848)
2152:
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42:
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1940:
1801:
1528:
1180:
932:
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221:(1820–1887), resident on Ambon and Java (1838–1858), iconic author
63:
Arabs, Chinese or
Europeans (the latter being better known as the
2552:
2470:
2290:
2217:
2201:
2197:
2179:
1390:
991:
723:
126:
74:
613:
The Social World of
Batavia: European and Eurasian in Dutch Asia
153:(1863–1923), childhood in Batavia, Java (1871–1877), author of
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280:(Bukittingi, Sumatra, 1922–1993), decorated World War II hero
92:
Totok father with Indo wife and children and Indigenous nanny
20:
348:
2328:
1853:
1234:
2405:
2334:
258:(Plaju, Sumatra, 1915–1993), decorated World War II hero
191:(Surabaya, Java, 1917–2007), decorated World War II hero
83:
391:
389:
387:
513:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p. 272.
615:(Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1983).
384:
147:(1826–1886), newspaper editor on Java (1868–1876)
2580:
507:"8 Ethnic Chinese in Vietnam and Their Identity"
185:(Batavia, Java, 1918–2011), award winning author
971:
2138:
957:
668:
432:
430:
428:
426:
395:
117:(1911–1995), award winning author, journalist
373:Charles A. Coppel, "Diaspora and hybridity:
179:(Blitar, Java, 1890–1939), aviation pioneer
2145:
2131:
964:
950:
675:
661:
629:(New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003).
541:by Madelon Szekely-Lulofs on DBNL website.
423:
379:Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Diaspora
555:by Madelon Szekely-Lulofs on DBNL website
123:(1909–1982), football player and manager
87:
25:
344:
342:
286:(Makassar, 1931-2010), fashion designer
107:(Semarang, Java, 1922), founder of the
2581:
381:, edited by Chee-Beng Tan, pp. 346-347
2609:Indonesian people of European descent
2126:
945:
656:
349:Ulbe Bosma & Remco Raben (2008).
129:(born in Batavia) (b. 1937), minister
504:
436:
339:
84:Notable Dutch Totoks and descendants
13:
2604:Indonesian people of Dutch descent
511:Ethnic Chinese as Southeast Asians
481:
377:Chinese culture in Indonesia", in
14:
2620:
640:
572:De oude Indische wereld 1500–1920
443:. Sheffield: Equinox Publishing.
163:(1850–1898), newspaperman, author
684:
627:Indonesia: Peoples and Histories
574:. (Bert Bakker, Amsterdam 2003)
402:. Singapore: SEAP Publications.
264:(Surabaya, 1899–1958) author of
570:Bosman, Ulbe and Raben, Remco.
564:
396:Mobini-Kesheh, Natalie (1999).
240:(1925–2004), journalist, author
45:to refer to recent migrants of
2157:and people of European descent
589:Sastra Hindia Belanda dan kita
545:
531:
498:
464:
367:
171:De Scheepsjongens van Bontekoe
16:Indonesian term for immigrants
1:
509:. In Suryadinata, Leo (ed.).
327:
322:Indos in pre-colonial history
332:
7:
300:
290:Margaretha Geertruida Zelle
19:For the messaging app, see
10:
2625:
2599:Ethnic groups in Indonesia
973:Ethnic groups in Indonesia
647:Totok Hall of Fame website
18:
2594:Dutch East Indies society
2545:
2494:
2423:
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2279:
2162:
1993:
1897:
1780:
1642:
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1317:
1233:
990:
979:
925:
894:
873:
837:
794:
778:
742:
697:
317:Indos in colonial history
37:is an Indonesian term of
822:Vistula delta Mennonites
649:. Retrieved 13 Mar 2012.
189:Erik Hazelhoff Roelfzema
2038:Bangka Belitung Chinese
587:Sastrowardoyo, Subagio
437:Rush, James R. (2007).
169:(1899–1981), author of
2589:Dutch diaspora in Asia
2455:Etymology undetermined
292:(1876–1917), known as
262:Madelon Szekely-Lulofs
93:
31:
625:Taylor, Jean Gelman.
611:Taylor, Jean Gelman.
91:
29:
505:Tran, Khanh (1997).
296:, exotic dancer, spy
252:(1932–2011), author
246:(1934–2016), author
209:(1929–2010), author
141:(1940-2022), author
135:(b. 1936), minister
73:'Peranakan' is the
145:Conrad Busken Huet
133:Hans van den Broek
94:
32:
2576:
2575:
2120:
2119:
939:
938:
595:, Jakarta, 1990)
493:978-979-461-689-5
450:978-979-3780-49-8
409:978-0-87727-727-9
360:978-0-89680-261-2
256:Bram van der Stok
215:(b. 1941), singer
203:(b. 1943), author
201:Xaviera Hollander
195:W. R. van Hoëvell
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234:, artist, singer
233:
155:The Hidden Force
106:
41:origin, used in
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244:Helga Ruebsamen
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167:Johan Fabricius
139:Jeroen Brouwers
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2270:Réunion Creole
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2006:Black Dutchmen
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1994:Non-indigenous
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225:Willem Nijholt
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207:Rudy Kousbroek
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177:Anthony Fokker
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151:Louis Couperus
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115:Albert Alberts
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109:North Sea Jazz
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593:Balai Pustaka
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1622:Tau Taa Wana
1050:Talang Mamak
981:
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454:. Retrieved
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413:. Retrieved
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271:
265:
183:Hella Haasse
170:
154:
79:
72:
69:
58:
34:
33:
1968:Tanimbarese
1682:Ekari (Mee)
1557:Gorontaloan
1193:Aneuk Jamee
1188:Minangkabau
1144:Bugis-Malay
1035:Orang Rimba
1030:Orang Kuala
983:Indonesians
886:New Zealand
817:Vilamovians
779:Middle East
312:Indo people
270:(1931) and
250:F. Springer
228: [
121:Beb Bakhuys
101: [
65:Indo people
2583:Categories
2379:Indonesian
2365:Mat Salleh
2301:Indonesian
2153:Terms for
2107:Portuguese
2065:Klingalese
1507:Orang Laut
1345:Lun Bawang
1319:Kalimantan
1275:Kangeanese
1268:Tenggerese
1258:Banyumasan
1253:Cirebonese
1097:Toba Batak
1092:Simalungun
1082:Mandailing
1045:Petalangan
1000:Aboriginal
927:See also:
764:Sri Lanka
749:Indonesia
717:Cape Dutch
707:Afrikaners
635:0300097093
583:(in Dutch)
520:9813055502
456:3 December
415:3 December
328:References
161:P. A. Daum
98:Paul Acket
2369:Malaysian
2359:Cantonese
2266:Zoreilles
2246:Pied-noir
2155:Europeans
2102:Pakistani
2097:Mardijker
2048:Peranakan
1849:Manggarai
1832:Lamaholot
1692:Ketengban
1612:Sangirese
1592:Mongondow
1587:Minahasan
1582:Mandarese
1562:Kalumpang
1495:Pontianak
1466:Punan Bah
1382:Uma Baka'
1357:Apo Kayan
1336:Apo Duat
1307:Bantenese
1297:Sundanese
1210:Palembang
902:Argentina
881:Australia
729:Coloureds
375:Peranakan
333:Citations
307:Afrikaner
294:Mata Hari
284:Edgar Vos
219:Multatuli
60:Peranakan
43:Indonesia
2516:Hawaiian
2502:Caldoche
2481:Wasi'chu
2349:Mandarin
2082:Japanese
2055:Filipino
2023:Chindian
2018:Armenian
1941:Ambonese
1924:Manusela
1907:Moluccan
1859:Rotenese
1812:Bimanese
1807:Balinese
1802:Bali Aga
1572:Makassar
1552:Bonerate
1547:Butonese
1537:Buginese
1529:Sulawesi
1454:Bakumpai
1442:Ma'anyan
1437:Lawangan
1432:Ot Danum
1396:Kendayan
1280:Madurese
1248:Javanese
1220:Simeulue
1181:Sakuddei
1176:Mentawai
1057:Acehnese
933:Frisians
917:Suriname
812:Olenders
768:Burghers
301:See also
111:festival
39:Javanese
2567:Spanish
2557:Spanish
2553:Gabacho
2495:Oceania
2475:English
2471:Redneck
2465:English
2445:English
2441:Cracker
2414:Yiddish
2311:Persian
2291:Hokkien
2218:Oburoni
2212:Swahili
2202:Lingala
2198:Mondele
2180:Mbakara
2033:Benteng
2028:Chinese
2001:African
1978:Togutil
1951:Wai Apu
1936:Ambelau
1884:Sumbawa
1782:Lesser
1757:Waropen
1737:Sentani
1702:Korowai
1672:Damalme
1657:Amungme
1627:Torajan
1471:Bukitan
1459:Meratus
1413:Mualang
1391:Bidayuh
1340:Kelabit
1225:Singkil
1205:Haloban
1169:Serdang
1159:Langkat
1119:Lampung
1104:Enggano
1072:Angkola
992:Sumatra
874:Oceania
865:Curaçao
802:Finland
724:Basters
127:Ben Bot
75:antonym
55:Batavia
51:Chinese
2563:Gringo
2536:Samoan
2532:Palagi
2522:Pākehā
2506:French
2485:Lakota
2461:Redleg
2410:Hebrew
2400:Romani
2389:Europe
2355:Gweilo
2339:Hebrew
2307:Farang
2287:Ang mo
2256:Toubab
2250:French
2240:Yoruba
2232:Oyinbo
2208:Mzungu
2192:Ibibio
2184:Anaang
2170:Buckra
2163:Africa
2092:Korean
2087:Jewish
2060:Indian
1983:Wemale
1973:Tobelo
1963:Lisela
1958:Kayeli
1929:Nuaulu
1842:Loloan
1822:Helong
1762:Wolani
1752:Wambon
1747:Tobati
1712:Marind
1697:Kombai
1632:Mamasa
1602:Pamona
1542:Bungku
1425:Tidung
1401:Selako
1377:Lebbo'
1372:Kenyah
1350:Sa'ban
1327:Banjar
1285:Bawean
1243:Betawi
1215:Rejang
1139:Asahan
1129:Lembak
1087:Pakpak
907:Brazil
850:Mexico
845:Canada
807:Poland
795:Europe
786:Israel
734:Griqua
699:Africa
633:
619:
602:
578:
553:Koelie
539:Rubber
517:
491:
474:
447:
406:
357:
274:(1931)
272:Koelie
267:Rubber
173:(1923)
157:(1900)
2526:Māori
2512:Haole
2451:Honky
2396:Gadjo
2375:Totok
2345:Guizi
2325:Hindi
2260:Wolof
2228:Oyibo
2112:Totok
2070:Tamil
1919:Alune
1914:Alfur
1889:Tetum
1879:Sumba
1874:Sikka
1864:Sasak
1837:Malay
1827:Kemak
1817:Bunak
1797:Atoni
1742:Tehit
1727:Nduga
1667:Bauzi
1662:Asmat
1644:Papua
1607:Rampi
1577:Malay
1567:Lindu
1517:Suluk
1512:Bajau
1490:Berau
1485:Malay
1449:Ngaju
1420:Murut
1367:Kayan
1362:Bahau
1332:Dayak
1302:Baduy
1292:Malay
1263:Osing
1154:Lahat
1134:Malay
1114:Kluet
1067:Batak
1040:Sakai
1025:Mante
1015:Bonai
1010:Batin
912:Chile
860:Aruba
758:Totok
712:Boers
597:p. 21
232:]
105:]
35:Totok
21:ToTok
2435:Igbo
2431:Béké
2329:Urdu
2321:Gora
2315:Thai
2297:Bule
2280:Asia
2236:Igbo
2222:Akan
2188:Efik
2174:Efik
2077:Indo
2013:Arab
1946:Buru
1869:Savu
1854:Nage
1792:Abui
1772:Yaur
1767:Yali
1732:Sawi
1722:Moni
1707:Lani
1687:Fayu
1677:Dani
1652:Abun
1617:Seko
1597:Muna
1502:Moro
1476:Krio
1408:Iban
1235:Java
1200:Nias
1164:Riau
1149:Deli
1124:Laut
1109:Gayo
1077:Karo
1062:Alas
1020:Lubu
1005:Akit
931:and
753:Indo
743:Asia
631:ISBN
617:ISBN
600:ISBN
576:ISBN
515:ISBN
495:p. 1
489:ISBN
472:ISBN
458:2019
445:ISBN
417:2019
404:ISBN
355:ISBN
67:).
47:Arab
2406:Goy
2335:Goy
2238:)/(
2190:)/(
2186:)/(
1717:Mek
526:...
2585::
2412:,
523:.
425:^
386:^
341:^
230:nl
103:nl
49:,
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363:.
23:.
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