Toledo War - Knowledge

1155: 1139: 1104: 1119: 788: 523:, Maumee Harbor was seen as a site of immediate importance and great value. Detroit was 20 miles (32 km) up the Detroit River from Lake Erie, and faced the difficult barrier of the Great Black Swamp to the south. Because of this, Detroit was less suited to new transportation projects such as canals, and later railroads, than was Toledo. From this perspective on the rapidly developing Midwest of the 1820s and 1830s, both states had much to gain by controlling the land in the Toledo Strip. 961: 816: 714: 322: 3928: 42: 658: 567: 563:

implicit support to Michigan's claims over Ohio's. Thus, townships that were established north of the line assumed they were part of the Michigan Territory. By the early 1820s, the growing Michigan Territory reached the minimum population threshold of 60,000 to qualify for statehood. When it sought to hold a state constitutional convention in 1833, Congress rejected the request because of the still-disputed Toledo Strip.

4059: 437:, who was in charge of the survey, was a former Ohio governor, and employed William Harris to survey not the Ordinance Line, but the line described in the Ohio Constitution of 1802. When completed, the "Harris Line" placed the mouth of the Maumee River completely in Ohio, as intended by the drafters of the state constitution. When the results of the survey were made public, Michigan territorial governor 772: 933: 877:, and constant skirmishes and arrests occurred. Citizens of Monroe County joined in a posse to make arrests in Toledo. Partisans from Ohio, angered by the harassment, targeted the offenders with criminal prosecutions. Lawsuits were rampant and served as a basis for retaliatory lawsuits from the opposite side. Partisans of both sides organized spying parties to keep track of the sheriffs of 512:. The canal finished in 1825, and immediately became a major route for trade and migration. Corn and other farm products (from the Midwest) could be shipped to eastern markets for much less expense than the older route along the Mississippi River. In addition, the migration of settlers to the Midwest increased sharply after the canal was finished, turning Buffalo and other port cities into 407: 748:– to Toledo to arbitrate the conflict and present a compromise to both governments. The proposal, presented on April 7, recommended that a re-survey to mark the Harris Line commence without further interruption by Michigan, and that the residents of the affected region be allowed to choose their own state or territorial governments until Congress could definitively settle the matter. 314:, which authorized Ohio to begin the process of becoming a U.S. state, the language defining Ohio's northern boundary elaborated on that, but was fundamentally the same: "an east and west line drawn through the southerly extreme of Lake Michigan, running east ... until it shall intersect Lake Erie or the territorial line , and thence with the same through 457:

Maumee River. The region between the Harris and Fulton survey lines formed what is now known as the "Toledo Strip". This ribbon of land between northern Ohio and southern Michigan spanned a region five to eight miles (8 to 13 km) wide, over which both jurisdictions claimed sovereignty. While Ohio refused to cede its claim, Michigan quietly

430:'s admission to the Union in 1816 that work on the survey commenced. At that time, the border between Michigan and Indiana was altered from the Northwest Ordinance boundary – over the protests of the Michigan Territory – moving it 10 miles (16 km) northward to give the new state substantial frontage on Lake Michigan. 251:. Although the northern region's mineral wealth later became an economic asset to Michigan, at the time the compromise was considered a poor deal for the new state, and voters in a statehood convention in September soundly rejected it. In December, facing a dire financial crisis and pressure from Congress and President 677:, 10 miles (16 km) southwest of Toledo, on March 31, 1835. Shortly thereafter, Governor Mason and General Brown arrived to occupy the city of Toledo proper with around 1,000 armed men, intending to prevent Ohio advances into the Toledo area as well as stopping further border marking from taking place. 855:, Samuel C. Andrews, to conduct a count of the militia, and was told that 10,000 volunteers were ready to fight. That news became exaggerated as it traveled north, and soon thereafter the Michigan territorial press dared the Ohio "million" to enter the Strip as they "welcomed them to hospitable graves". 264: 353:

therefore believed it was the intent of Congress that Ohio's northern boundary should certainly be north of the mouth of the Maumee River, and possibly even of the Detroit River. Ohio would thus be granted access to most or all of the Lake Erie shoreline west of Pennsylvania, and any other new states

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in his stead. Before his replacement arrived, Mason ordered 1,000 Michigan militiamen to enter Toledo and prevent the symbolically important first session of the Ohio Court of Common Pleas. While the idea was popular with Michigan residents, the effort failed: the judges held a midnight court before

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After the election, Lucas believed that the commissioners' actions had alleviated the situation and once again sent out surveyors to mark the Harris Line. The project proceeded without serious incident until April 26, 1835, when the surveying group was attacked by 50 to 60 members of General Brown's

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in 1805, it used the Northwest Ordinance's language to define the territory's southern boundary, disregarding that provision in Ohio's state constitution. This difference, and its potential ramifications, apparently went unnoticed at the time, but it established the legal basis for the conflict that

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Differences of opinion about the exact boundary location continued until a definitive re-survey was performed in 1915. Re-survey protocol ordinarily required the surveyors to follow the Harris line exactly, but in this case, the surveyors deviated from it in places. This was done to prevent certain

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The "war" unofficially ended on December 14, 1836, at a second convention in Ann Arbor. Delegates passed a resolution to accept Congress's terms. The calling of the convention was itself controversial. It came about only because of an upswelling of private summonses, petitions, and public meetings.

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Addressing this contingency, the Ohio delegates included a provision in the draft Ohio constitution that if this report about Lake Michigan's position was correct, the state boundary line would be angled slightly northeast so as to intersect Lake Erie at the "most northerly cape of the Miami Bay".

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On July 15, Monroe County, Michigan, Deputy Sheriff Joseph Wood went into Toledo to arrest Major Benjamin Stickney, but when Stickney and his family resisted, the whole family was subdued and taken into custody. During the scuffle, the major's son Two Stickney stabbed Wood with a penknife and fled

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in Congress, backed Michigan's claim. In 1833, when Congress rejected Michigan's request for a convention, Adams summed up his opinion on the dispute: "Never in the course of my life have I known a controversy of which all the right was so clearly on one side and all the power so overwhelmingly on

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In response, Michigan commissioned a second survey that was carried out by John A. Fulton. The Fulton survey was based upon the original 1787 Ordinance Line, and after measuring the line eastward from Lake Michigan to Lake Erie, it found the Ohio boundary to lie just southeast of the mouth of the

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Ohio asserted that the boundary was firmly established in its constitution and thus Michigan's citizens were simply intruders; the state government refused to negotiate the issue with them. The Ohio Congressional delegation was active in blocking Michigan from attaining statehood, lobbying other

889:. At the time of the conflict it was not established that the Supreme Court could resolve state boundary disputes, and Jackson declined the request. Looking for peace, Lucas began making his own efforts to end the conflict, again through federal intervention via Ohio's congressional delegation. 940:

On June 15, 1836, Jackson signed a bill that allowed Michigan to become a state, but only after it ceded the Toledo Strip. In exchange for this concession, Michigan would be granted the western three-quarters of what is now known as the Upper Peninsula (the easternmost portion had already been

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to lose its electoral votes. Jackson calculated that his party's best interest would be served by keeping the Toledo Strip as part of Ohio. However, Butler held that until Congress dictated otherwise, the land rightfully belonged to Michigan. This presented a political dilemma for Jackson that

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had reached the disputed area from two directions, progressing southward from a baseline in Michigan and northward from one in Ohio. For unknown reasons, Surveyor General Tiffin ordered the two surveys to close on the Northwest Ordinance (Fulton) line, rather than Harris' line, perhaps lending

422:—which would later become Toledo—urged the Ohio government to resolve the border issue. The Ohio legislature, in turn, passed repeated resolutions and requests asking Congress to take up the matter. In 1812, Congress approved a request for an official survey of the line. Delayed because of the 828:

of Lucas County, the establishment of a Court of Common Pleas in the city, a law to prevent the forcible abduction of Ohio citizens from the area, and a budget of $ 300,000 ($ 9.4 million in 2023) to implement the legislation. Michigan's territorial legislature responded with a budget

240:, but besides mutual taunting, there was little interaction between the two forces. The single military confrontation of the "war" ended with a report of shots being fired into the air, incurring no casualties. The only blood spilled was the non-fatal stabbing of a law enforcement officer. 1154: 981:

boycotted the convention. As a consequence, the resolution was ridiculed by many Michigan residents. Congress questioned the convention's legality, but accepted its results. Because of these factors, as well as a notable cold spell, the event became known as the Frostbitten Convention.

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While the land border was firmly set in the early 20th century, the two states still disagreed on the path of the border to the east, in Lake Erie. In 1973, they finally obtained a hearing before the U.S. Supreme Court on their competing claims to the Lake Erie waters. In

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Michigan, led by the young and hot-headed Mason, responded with the passage of the Pains and Penalties Act just six days after Lucas County was formed; the act made it a criminal offense for Ohioans to carry out governmental actions in the Strip, under penalty of a

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and the southern shore of Lake Erie west of Pennsylvania would fall in Ohio. The draft constitution with this proviso was accepted by the United States Congress, but before Ohio's admission to the Union in February 1803, the proposed constitution was referred to a

390:. The committee's report stated that the clause defining the northern boundary depended on "a fact not yet ascertained" (the latitude of the southern extreme of Lake Michigan), and the members "thought it unnecessary to take it , at the time, into consideration." 1138: 751:

Lucas reluctantly agreed to the proposal and began to disband his militia, believing the debate to be settled. Three days later, elections in the region were held under Ohio law. Mason refused the deal and continued to prepare for possible armed conflict.

605:, a move that further exacerbated the growing tensions with Michigan. Also, during this period, Ohio attempted to use its power in Congress to revive a previously rejected boundary bill that would formally set the state border to be the Harris Line. 306:. The Ordinance specified that the territory was eventually to be divided into "not less than three nor more than five" future states. One of the boundaries between them was to be "an east and west line drawn through the southerly bend or extreme of 369:

that Lake Michigan extended significantly farther south than had previously been believed (or mapped). Thus, it was possible that an east–west line extending east from Lake Michigan's southern tip might intersect Lake Erie somewhere southeast of

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As the year wore on, Michigan found itself deep in financial crisis, nearly bankrupt because of the high militia expenses. The government was spurred to action by the realization that a $ 400,000 surplus ($ 12 million in 2023) in the

799:", Michigan militia forces advised them to retreat. In the ensuing chase, "nine of our men, who did not leave the ground in time after being fired upon by the enemy, from thirty to fifty shots, were taken prisoners and carried away into 1012:

boom that lasted long into the 20th century. Michigan's loss of 1,100 square miles (2,800 km) of agricultural land and the port of Toledo was offset by the gain of 9,000 square miles (23,000 km) of timber and ore-rich land.

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This decision was the last border adjustment, putting an end to years of debate. In modern times, although a general rivalry between Michiganders and Ohioans persists, overt conflict between the states is restricted primarily to the

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The Toledo strip became a permanent part of Ohio. The Upper Peninsula was considered a worthless wilderness by almost all familiar with the area, valuable only for timber and fur trapping. However, the discovery of copper in the

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to head the state militia, with the instructions to be ready to act against Ohio trespassers. Lucas obtained legislative approval for a militia of his own, and he soon sent forces to the Strip area. The Toledo War had begun.

1069:'s report and ruled that the boundary between the two states in Lake Erie was angled to the northeast, as described in Ohio's state constitution, and not a straight east–west line. One consequence of the decision was that 954: 823:

In response to allegations that Michigan's militia fired upon Ohioans, Lucas called a special session of Ohio's legislature on June 8 to pass several more controversial acts, including the establishment of Toledo as the

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into Ohio. Wood's injuries were not life-threatening. When Lucas refused Mason's demand to extradite Two Stickney to Michigan for trial, Mason wrote to Jackson for help, suggesting that the matter be referred to the

2532: 374:, or worse, might not intersect the lake at all; the farther south that Lake Michigan actually extended, the more land Ohio would lose, conceivably even the entire Lake Erie shoreline west of Pennsylvania. 1118: 763:. In the first contact between Michigan partisans and the Stickney family, the sheriff arrested two Ohioans under the Pains and Penalties Act on the basis that the men had voted in the Ohio elections. 909:

and pelted him with vegetables upon his entry into the territorial capital. In the October 1835 elections, voters approved the draft constitution and re-elected Mason governor. The same election saw

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included in the state boundaries). Because of the perceived worthlessness of the Upper Peninsula's remote wilderness, which was ill-suited for agriculture, a September 1836 special convention in

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During the elections, Ohio officials were harassed by Michigan authorities, and the area residents were threatened with arrest if they submitted to Ohio's authority. On April 8, 1835, the

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was included within Michigan's bounds when it was admitted into the Union in 1837 (only the easternmost portion of the peninsula had been claimed in Michigan's 1835 statehood petition).

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in 1835 and sought to include the disputed territory within its boundaries. Both sides passed legislation attempting to force the other side's capitulation, and Ohio's Governor

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helped produce conflicting state and federal legislation between 1787 and 1805, and varying interpretations of the laws led the governments of Ohio and Michigan to both claim

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The success of the Erie Canal inspired many other canal projects. Because the western end of Lake Erie offered the shortest overland route to the frontiers of Indiana and

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were the major "highways of commerce" in the American Midwest. A small but important part of the Strip—the area around present-day Toledo and Maumee Bay—fell within the

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residents near the border from being subject to changes in state residence and land owners from having parcels in both states. The 1915 survey was delineated by 71

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rounds in the air as the Ohio group retreated—the battle further infuriated both Ohioans and Michiganders and brought the two sides to the brink of all-out war.

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objected, writing in a letter to Tiffin that the survey was biased to favor Ohio and "is only adding strength to the strong, and making the weak still weaker."

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helped institute criminal penalties for residents submitting to the other's authority. Both states deployed militias on opposite sides of the Maumee River near

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In February 1835, Ohio passed legislation that set up county governments in the Strip. The county in which Toledo sat would, later in 1835, be named after

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counties. Many old north–south roads are offset as they cross the line, forcing traffic to jog east while traveling north. The line is identified on

255:, the Michigan government called another convention (called the "Frostbitten Convention"), which accepted the compromise, resolving the Toledo War. 349:, suggesting that an east–west line would not intersect with Lake Erie at all, until well across the international border. The framers of the 1802 3625: 2796: 542:

per acre. Michigan and Ohio both wanted what seemed strategically and economically destined to become an important port and prosperous farmland.

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and the inland shipping opportunities it represented, and the good farmland to the west were seen by both parties as valuable economic assets.

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proposed a compromise whereby Michigan gave up its claim to the strip in exchange for its statehood and the remaining three-quarters of the

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In August 1835, at the strong urging of Ohio's members of Congress, Jackson removed Mason as Michigan's territorial governor and appointed

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On January 26, 1837, Michigan was admitted to the Union as the 26th state, without the Toledo Strip but with the entire Upper Peninsula.

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topographic map that shows the Ordinance Line as "South Bdy Michigan Survey". There are jogs in many north–south roads at this line.

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to Washington D.C. to confer with Jackson. The delegation presented Ohio's case and urged Jackson to address the situation swiftly.

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Traces of the original Ordinance Line can still be seen in northwestern Ohio and northern Indiana. The northernmost boundaries of

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to Congress. Because of the dispute Congress refused to accept his credentials and seated him as a non-voting delegate. The two

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Horner proved extremely unpopular as governor and his tenure was very short. Residents disliked him so much they burned him in

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over a 468-square-mile (1,210 km) region along their border. The situation came to a head when Michigan petitioned for

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History of Monroe County, Michigan: A Narrative Account of Its Historical Progress, Its People, and Its Principal Interests

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militia in the Battle of Phillips Corners. As the only site of armed conflict, the battle's name is sometimes used as a

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and the Great Lakes through a series of canals. One such canal system approved by the Ohio legislature in 1825 was the

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and two senators. In contrast, Michigan, still a territory, had only a single non-voting delegate. Ohio was a crucial

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General History of the State of Michigan: With Biographical Sketches, Portrait Engravings, and Numerous Illustrations

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Mendenhall, T.C. & Graham, A.A. (1895). "Boundary Line Between Ohio and Indiana, and Between Ohio and Michigan".

2430: 2390: 2225: 2097: 803:, Michigan." While the details of the attack are disputed—Michigan claimed it fired no shots, only discharging a few 697:, for his legal opinion on the border dispute. At the time, Ohio was a growing political power in the Union, with 19 694: 2423:

The Shaping of America: A Geographical Perspective on 500 Years of History. Volume 2, Continental America, 1800–1867

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for the next several years, setting up local governments, building roads, and collecting taxes throughout the area.

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states to vote against it. In January 1835, frustrated by the political stalemate, Michigan's territorial governor

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markers, 12 inches (30 cm) wide by 18 inches (46 cm) high. Upon completion, the two states' governors,

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Ohioan Two Stickney, who caused the sole serious injury in the Toledo War by stabbing a Michigan sheriff's deputy

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baseball; the Toledo War is sometimes cited as the origin of the animosity represented in today's rivalry.

329:" of the region, from the late 18th century, used to create the Ordinance Line of 1787. The southern tip of 4370: 4330: 2881: 2835: 2559: 2040: 1440: 1280: 1194: 1055:

as the "South Michigan Survey", and on Lucas County and Fulton County road maps as "Old State Line Road".

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In a desperate attempt to prevent armed battle and to avert the resulting political crisis, U.S. President

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Ohio, formerly claimed by Michigan, is shifted, or "jogs", at "Old State Line Road", now County Road K.

978: 929:, were treated with even less respect, being allowed to sit only as spectators in the Senate gallery. 4033: 3981: 3767: 3421: 3333: 3328: 3026: 2936: 2251: 1389: 1070: 994: 845: 559: 470: 4375: 4335: 3957: 3464: 3160: 3036: 2907: 2841: 2826: 2792: 863: 837: 303: 2720: 2309: 977:

Since the legislature did not approve a call to convention, some said the convention was illegal.

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that included a connection to the Ohio River and an outflow into Lake Erie via the Maumee River.

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A box labeled "Toledo, Mi" that may have been used by the Michigan Militia during the Toledo War

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The location of the border was contested throughout the early 19th century. Residents of the

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but not to territorial governments; Michigan would have been ineligible to receive a share.

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Journal of the 1836 Michigan Territorial Convention, often called the Frostbitten Convention

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The portion of the Michigan Territory claimed by the State of Ohio known as the Toledo Strip

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The Toledo Strip was and still is a commercially important area. Prior to the rise of the

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are within the Toledo Strip. The southern boundary of each lies along the Ordinance Line.

1090: 1041: 1033: 942: 698: 345:", showed the southerly extreme of Lake Michigan at a latitude north of the mouth of the 299: 295: 276: 268: 194: 2303: 4120: 4110: 3858: 3636: 3553: 3439: 3070: 3052: 2483: 2210: 2141: 1001: 859: 800: 622: 570: 394: 279:, shown with present-day state borders, and correct spatial relationship between Lakes 202: 112: 67: 2663: 1494: 4241: 4231: 4226: 4130: 3218: 3210: 3115: 3031: 3016: 2986: 2730: 2698: 2563: 2510: 2489: 2449: 2426: 2409: 2386: 2357: 2336: 2299: 2221: 1082: 1052: 1037: 878: 641: 626: 509: 486: 478: 350: 4206: 4160: 4150: 3913: 3908: 3863: 3793: 3585: 3234: 3140: 2871: 2856: 2846: 2109:(Map). Scale not given. Columbus: Ohio Department of Transportation. Archived from 881:, and Monroe County, Michigan, who were entrusted with the security of the border. 852: 729: 674: 583: 574: 233: 134: 2176:"1973: The U.S. Supreme Court decides the boundary line between Ohio and Michigan" 815: 669:

Acting as commander-in-chief of Ohio's militia, Governor Lucas—along with General

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Never in the course of my life have I known a controversy of which all the right.

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Sherman, C.E. & Schlesinger, A. M. (1916). Volume 1, Ohio-Michigan Boundary.

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quickly retreating south of the Maumee River, where Ohio forces were positioned.

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Ohio gains control of the Toledo Strip, Michigan gains the entire Upper Peninsula

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Memoirs of John Quincy Adams: Comprising Portions of His Diary from 1795 to 1848

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carved out of the Northwest Territory would have access to only Lakes Michigan,

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in presidential elections, and it would have been devastating to the fledgling

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The 100-Yard War: Inside the 100-Year-Old Michigan–Ohio State Football Rivalry

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The 100-Yard War: Inside the 100-Year-Old Michigan–Ohio State Football Rivalry

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Surveyors wrote to Lucas afterward that while observing "the blessings of the

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In exchange for ceding the Toledo Strip, all of what is now known as the

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In June 1835, Lucas dispatched a delegation consisting of U.S. Attorney

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to be held in May of that year, despite Congress' refusal to approve an

321: 41: 3973: 3690: 3226: 2956: 2647:"Holy Toledo! Or the Continuing War Between Ohio and Michigan ..." 2501:

Wittke, Karl (1895). "The Ohio-Michigan Boundary Dispute Re-examined".

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Life and Times of Stevens Thomson Mason: The Boy Governor of Michigan

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spurred him to take action that would greatly influence the outcome.

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up to $ 1,000 (equivalent to $ 30,000 in 2023), up to five years

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Galloway, Tod B. (1895). "The Ohio-Michigan Boundary Line Dispute".

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sheriff arrived at the home of Major Benjamin F. Stickney, an Ohio

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Throughout mid-1835, both governments continued their practice of

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Curse of the White Panther: A Story of the Days of the Toledo War

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soil. The area had for many years produced large amounts of

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counties follow it, as well as many township boundaries in

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In addition, the Strip west of the Toledo area is good for

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shake on a truce over state line markers erected in 1915.

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However, the delegates allegedly received reports from a

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Abridgment of the Debates of Congress, from 1789 to 1856

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On April 3, 1835, Jackson sent two representatives from

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The Rise and Fall of Toledo, Michigan: The Toledo War!

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List of incidents of civil unrest in the United States

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and about 600 other fully armed militiamen—arrived in

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Facts and Historical Events of the Toledo War of 1835

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in the Central Upper Peninsula in the 1840s led to a

968:. Congress offered the region in red to the state of 2463:"History Corner: Ohio–Michigan Boundary War, Part 2" 2244:(April 6, 2010). "How the States Got Their Shapes". 1599:. State of Michigan. January 1, 2001. Archived from 1413: 1411: 901:

Frostbitten Convention and the end of the Toledo War

2308:. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. p. 1597:"Important Dates in Michigan's Quest for Statehood" 4341:Internal territorial disputes of the United States 2372: 2209: 1805: 1801: 1799: 1530: 1085:and to a lesser degree to the rivalry between the 972:in exchange for the Toledo Strip, as a compromise. 2343:. Publication 22, Geological Series 18. 1533:Final Report, Ohio Cooperative Topographic Survey 1408: 1277:"The Mitchell Map, 1755–1782: An Irony of Empire" 4312: 2439: 1954: 1545: 1470: 1417: 1386:Geography of Michigan and the Great Lakes Region 1336: 1324: 1312: 1260:from the original on March 21, 2015 – via 378:This provision would guarantee that most of the 2678:. ToledoWar.com. April 14, 2005. Archived from 2556:The Toledo War: The First Michigan–Ohio Rivalry 2348:Dunbar, Willis F. & May, George S. (1995). 1806:Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). 1796: 496:During the conflict over the Toledo Strip, the 485:. At the time, there were plans to connect the 448:Former Ohio Governor and U.S. Surveyor General 401: 341:The most highly regarded map of the time, the " 4019:South and East of the First Principal Meridian 1981: 1979: 1977: 1975: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1658: 1656: 1654: 3958: 2767: 2541:. Chicago: Lewis Publishing. pp. 137–161 2216:. Hoboken, NJ: J. Wiley & Sons. pp. 921:chosen by the state legislature in November, 766: 2781: 2503:Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly 2442:Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly 2402:Ohio Archaeological and Historical Quarterly 2381:. New York: John Wiley & Sons. pp. 2072:2 km NE of Wilkins, Ohio, United States 1926: 1924: 1922: 1920: 680: 2729:. New York: D. Appleton. pp. 367–370. 2697:. Detroit: R.D.S. Tyler. pp. 448–479. 2617: 2267:"Williams County was created 200 years ago" 1972: 1779: 1651: 4014:North and East of First Principal Meridian 3965: 3951: 2774: 2760: 2622:. Lansing: Michigan Historical Commission. 2613:. Lansing: Michigan Historical Commission. 2352:(3rd Revised ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: 2350:Michigan: A History of the Wolverine State 1514: 1512: 232:and Michigan's 24-year-old "Boy Governor" 2652:. Macomb County, Michigan. Archived from 2602:. Hillsdale, MI: Hillsdale School Supply. 2347: 2333:Michigan Geological and Biological Survey 1942: 1917: 452:, who commissioned the Harris Line survey 4351:Battles and conflicts without fatalities 3999:Congress Lands North of Old Seven Ranges 2644: 2628:Michigan Department of Natural Resources 2460: 2425:. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 2399: 2370: 2207: 1966: 1911: 1872: 1841: 1839: 1790: 1758: 1716: 1689: 1673: 1671: 1662: 1633: 1557: 1185:List of Michigan county name etymologies 959: 931: 814: 786: 770: 712: 656: 565: 549: 464: 443: 405: 333:is depicted as being farther north than 320: 262: 2530: 2264: 2134: 1509: 1439:Public Affairs Office (March 4, 2002). 1434: 1432: 1430: 1428: 1426: 530:, because of its well-drained, fertile 216:Poor geographical understanding of the 14: 4313: 2686: 2606: 2597: 2500: 2420: 2302:(1876). Adams, Charles Francis (ed.). 2173: 2023: 1985: 1846:Baker, Patricia J. (January 1, 2001). 1773: 1701: 1518: 1348: 1287:from the original on December 25, 2014 791:Site of the Battle of Phillips Corners 554:Ohio governor Robert Lucas (1832–1836) 545: 4268:Historic regions of the United States 3946: 3179: 2755: 2553: 2326: 2298: 2240: 1845: 1836: 1712: 1710: 1668: 1621: 1447:from the original on February 9, 2006 1376: 1374: 1372: 1274: 988: 318:to the Pennsylvania line aforesaid". 2174:Strock, Jenson (February 22, 2022). 1423: 1349:Hayden, Maureen (October 14, 2014). 1029:of Ohio, shook hands at the border. 836:In May and June, Michigan drafted a 810: 4009:Congress Lands East of Scioto River 2481: 1930: 1896: 1884: 1850:. State of Michigan. Archived from 1677: 1645: 1275:Edney, Matthew H. (July 26, 2012). 953:was about to be distributed to the 829:appropriation of $ 315,000 to fund 24: 4004:Congress Lands West of Miami River 2992:National Museum of the Great Lakes 2523: 2005:from the original on June 14, 2006 1707: 1369: 1226:. Yale Law School. July 13, 1787. 1144:The northern tier of townships in 625:of the territory, Mason appointed 25: 4387: 2531:Bulkley, John McClelland (1913). 2135:Kienzle, Javan (March 29, 2009). 2098:Ohio Department of Transportation 1521:, pp. 357, 363, 436, and 440 1230:from the original on May 23, 2006 4057: 3927: 3926: 2037:"History of the Upper Peninsula" 1153: 1137: 1117: 1102: 40: 4366:Civil wars in the United States 4088:United States Military District 2719:United States Congress (1860). 2265:Maynard, Kevin (June 9, 2020). 2258: 2247:How the States Got Their Shapes 2234: 2201: 2167: 2149: 2128: 2090: 2067:United States Geological Survey 2059: 2029: 2017: 1991: 1960: 1948: 1936: 1890: 1878: 1866: 1827:Gross Domestic Product deflator 1752: 1722: 1695: 1683: 1639: 1627: 1615: 1589: 1563: 1551: 1539: 1524: 1050:United States Geological Survey 640:Former United States President 243:During the summer of 1836, the 201:and the adjoining territory of 27:1835–1836 Ohio–Michigan dispute 4141:Twelve Mile Square Reservation 3972: 3430:Bowling Green State University 2467:Professional Surveyor Magazine 2461:Mitchell, Gordon (July 2004). 2291: 1955:Mendenhall & Graham (1895) 1546:Mendenhall & Graham (1895) 1471:Mendenhall & Graham (1895) 1418:Mendenhall & Graham (1895) 1342: 1337:Mendenhall & Graham (1895) 1330: 1325:Mendenhall & Graham (1895) 1318: 1313:Mendenhall & Graham (1895) 1268: 1242: 1212: 894:John S. ("Little Jack") Horner 644:, who at the time represented 209:. Control of the mouth of the 205:over what is now known as the 13: 1: 3455:Professional Skills Institute 3087:Portside Festival Marketplace 2327:Allen, R.C. (July 30, 1916). 1808:"What Was the U.S. GDP Then?" 1200: 410:Michigan Territory governor, 292:Congress of the Confederation 273:Congress of the Confederation 185:(1835–36), also known as the 4192:Miami & Erie Canal Lands 2918:Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza 2560:University of Michigan Press 2041:Northern Michigan University 1281:University of Southern Maine 1205: 1195:Timeline of the Toledo Strip 402:Creation of the Toledo Strip 398:would erupt 30 years later. 310:". When Congress passed the 7: 4356:1830s in Michigan Territory 4197:Ohio & Erie Canal Lands 4146:Two Mile Square Reservation 4078:Connecticut Western Reserve 3058:The Shops at Fallen Timbers 2687:Tuttle, Charles R. (1873). 1173: 1079:Michigan–Ohio State rivalry 966:Upper Peninsula of Michigan 913:chosen as Michigan's first 887:United States Supreme Court 784:for the entire Toledo War. 10: 4392: 4171:Virginia Military District 4029:Ohio Company of Associates 3668:Highland Meadows Golf Club 2618:Karl-George, Mary (1971). 2607:Hemans, Lawton T. (1920). 992: 767:Battle of Phillips Corners 393:When Congress created the 258: 197:between the U.S. state of 4298: 4260: 4179: 4159: 4096: 4066: 4055: 4034:Purchase on the Muskingum 3980: 3922: 3786: 3718: 3645: 3620:NCAA Men's Championship ( 3577: 3546: 3520: 3489: 3482: 3420: 3397: 3390: 3365: 3347: 3314: 3281: 3274: 3098: 3045: 2929: 2890: 2819: 2790: 1390:Michigan State University 1357:. Jeffersonville, Indiana 995:Copper mining in Michigan 681:Presidential intervention 588:constitutional convention 302:in what is now the upper 170: 157: 144: 119: 100: 50: 39: 34: 3465:Toledo Academy of Beauty 2842:Battle of Fallen Timbers 2633:Michigan Becomes a State 2598:Greene, Merritt (1960). 2482:Way, Willard V. (1869). 1848:"Stevens Thompson Mason" 840:, with provisions for a 304:Midwestern United States 4346:History of Toledo, Ohio 3450:Owens Community College 2921:(train / intercity bus) 2645:Naldrett, Alan (2007). 2374:"Hate: The Early Years" 2371:Emmanuel, Greg (1960). 2250:. Season 1. Episode 1. 2208:Emmanuel, Greg (2004). 2183:Today in Toledo History 2077:Microsoft Research Maps 1943:Dunbar & May (1995) 1487:"The Great Black Swamp" 1256:. April 30, 1802. § 2. 757:Monroe County, Michigan 388:Congressional committee 4217:Ephraim Kimberly Grant 4116:Moravian Indian Grants 3460:Stautzenberger College 3301:St. Vincent Children's 2903:Toledo Express Airport 2659:on September 10, 2008. 2473:(7): 7. Archived from 1254:United States Congress 1250:"Enabling Act of 1802" 973: 951:United States Treasury 937: 820: 792: 776: 725: 666: 652: 578: 555: 508:to the Great Lakes at 453: 433:U.S. Surveyor General 415: 338: 287: 271:as established by the 245:United States Congress 120:Commanders and leaders 3533:Bowling Green Falcons 3445:Mercy College of Ohio 3349:University of Toledo 3012:Sculpture in the Park 2421:Meinig, D.W. (1993). 1577:on September 29, 2006 1220:"Northwest Ordinance" 1160:The northern half of 1065:, the court upheld a 963: 935: 862:, former Congressman 818: 790: 774: 716: 660: 621:, or both. Acting as 569: 553: 473:industry, rivers and 465:Economic significance 447: 409: 324: 266: 158:Casualties and losses 113:Territory of Michigan 3470:University of Toledo 3111:Block Communications 2669:Ohio History Central 2197:– via YouTube. 2162:410 U.S. 420 2116:on December 29, 2010 1740:on November 22, 2015 1704:, pp. 299, 303. 1497:on February 18, 2007 1126:Woodbridge N. Ferris 1023:Woodbridge N. Ferris 945:rejected the offer. 742:Benjamin Chew Howard 699:U.S. representatives 560:federal land surveys 491:Miami and Erie Canal 426:, it was only after 312:Enabling Act of 1802 298:, which created the 4371:Borders of Michigan 4331:History of Michigan 4278:Northwest Territory 3701:Ned Skeldon Stadium 3538:Lourdes Gray Wolves 3306:Perrysburg Hospital 2967:Imagination Station 2882:2018 terrorism plot 2877:2006 terrorism plot 2862:Cook serial murders 2852:1960 Cal Poly crash 2554:Faber, Don (2008). 2477:on August 23, 2007. 2252:The History Channel 1829:figures follow the 1491:Historic Perrysburg 1315:, pp. 127, 154 1091:Cleveland Guardians 915:U.S. Representative 546:Prelude to conflict 500:was built, linking 300:Northwest Territory 296:Northwest Ordinance 277:Northwest Ordinance 269:Northwest Territory 4121:Gnadenhutten Tract 4111:Indian Land Grants 3773:Warehouse District 3637:Glass City Classic 3609:PGA Championship ( 3554:Toledo City League 3440:Lourdes University 3211:Lasalle & Koch 3071:North Towne Square 3053:Franklin Park Mall 3027:Symphony Orchestra 2867:Sister Pahl murder 2640:on March 25, 2006. 2300:Adams, John Quincy 2142:Detroit Free Press 2103:Lucas County, Ohio 1999:"Michigan Quarter" 1396:on August 20, 2006 1224:The Avalon Project 1128:and Ohio Governor 1124:Michigan Governor 1053:topographical maps 1002:Keweenaw Peninsula 989:Subsequent history 974: 938: 860:Noah Haynes Swayne 851:Lucas ordered his 838:state constitution 821: 793: 777: 726: 667: 634:Third U.S. Brigade 623:commander-in-chief 579: 571:Michigan Territory 556: 454: 416: 395:Michigan Territory 339: 288: 68:Michigan Territory 4326:Conflicts in 1836 4321:Conflicts in 1835 4308: 4307: 4242:Salt Reservations 4232:Ministerial Lands 4227:Maumee Road Lands 4131:Schoenbrunn Tract 3940: 3939: 3714: 3713: 3687: 3658:Huntington Center 3653:Fifth Third Field 3478: 3477: 3386: 3385: 3379: 3339:Toledo Children's 3270: 3269: 3263: 3255: 3247: 3239: 3231: 3223: 3219:Libbey-Owens-Ford 3215: 3207: 3199: 3191: 3091: 3083: 3075: 3067: 3022:Tony Packo's Cafe 3017:Stranahan Theater 2987:Metroparks Toledo 2922: 2908:Executive Airport 2793:Metropolitan area 2682:on March 6, 2008. 2569:978-0-472-07054-1 2363:978-0-8028-7055-1 1734:Remarkable Ohioan 1624:, pp. 214–5. 1083:American football 879:Wood County, Ohio 811:Bloodshed in 1835 642:John Quincy Adams 627:Brigadier General 594:authorizing one. 487:Mississippi River 479:Great Black Swamp 351:Ohio Constitution 191:Ohio–Michigan War 187:Michigan–Ohio War 179: 178: 96: 95: 70:, primarily near 16:(Redirected from 4383: 4207:College Township 4161:metes and bounds 4061: 4060: 3967: 3960: 3953: 3944: 3943: 3930: 3929: 3884:Springfield Twp. 3738:Hopewell Heights 3685: 3578:Golf Tournaments 3487: 3486: 3395: 3394: 3377: 3279: 3278: 3261: 3253: 3245: 3237: 3235:Seaway Food Town 3229: 3221: 3213: 3205: 3197: 3189: 3177: 3176: 3089: 3081: 3073: 3065: 2962:Hollywood Casino 2947:Botanical Garden 2920: 2913:Suburban Airport 2857:1967 Toledo riot 2847:Auto-Lite strike 2813:Catholic Diocese 2776: 2769: 2762: 2753: 2752: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2715: 2713: 2711: 2683: 2660: 2658: 2651: 2641: 2623: 2614: 2603: 2594: 2592: 2590: 2573: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2518: 2497: 2478: 2457: 2436: 2417: 2396: 2376: 2367: 2344: 2323: 2318: 2316: 2285: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2262: 2256: 2255: 2238: 2232: 2231: 2215: 2205: 2199: 2198: 2196: 2194: 2185:. Toledo, Ohio: 2180: 2171: 2165: 2159: 2157:Michigan v. Ohio 2153: 2147: 2146: 2132: 2126: 2125: 2123: 2121: 2115: 2108: 2094: 2088: 2087: 2085: 2083: 2069:(July 1, 1983). 2063: 2057: 2056: 2054: 2052: 2043:. Archived from 2033: 2027: 2021: 2015: 2014: 2012: 2010: 1995: 1989: 1983: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1940: 1934: 1928: 1915: 1909: 1900: 1894: 1888: 1882: 1876: 1870: 1864: 1863: 1861: 1859: 1843: 1834: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1803: 1794: 1788: 1777: 1771: 1762: 1756: 1750: 1749: 1747: 1745: 1736:. Archived from 1726: 1720: 1714: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1687: 1681: 1675: 1666: 1660: 1649: 1643: 1637: 1631: 1625: 1619: 1613: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1593: 1587: 1586: 1584: 1582: 1571:"S.013 Monument" 1567: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1537: 1536: 1528: 1522: 1516: 1507: 1506: 1504: 1502: 1493:. Archived from 1483: 1474: 1468: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1452: 1441:"The Toledo War" 1436: 1421: 1415: 1406: 1405: 1403: 1401: 1392:. Archived from 1382:"The Toledo War" 1378: 1367: 1366: 1364: 1362: 1355:News and Tribune 1346: 1340: 1334: 1328: 1322: 1316: 1310: 1297: 1296: 1294: 1292: 1272: 1266: 1265: 1246: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1235: 1216: 1157: 1141: 1121: 1106: 1062:Michigan v. Ohio 1025:of Michigan and 853:adjutant general 730:Washington, D.C. 707:Democratic Party 691:Attorney General 675:Perrysburg, Ohio 584:Stevens T. Mason 575:Stevens T. Mason 558:In 1820–21, the 506:Eastern seaboard 234:Stevens T. Mason 195:boundary dispute 135:Stevens T. Mason 52: 51: 44: 32: 31: 21: 4391: 4390: 4386: 4385: 4384: 4382: 4381: 4380: 4376:Borders of Ohio 4336:History of Ohio 4311: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4294: 4256: 4222:Fort Washington 4175: 4163: 4155: 4098: 4092: 4070: 4068: 4062: 4058: 4053: 4044:Symmes Purchase 4024:Michigan Survey 3985: 3983: 3976: 3971: 3941: 3936: 3918: 3874:Providence Twp. 3869:Perrysburg Twp. 3782: 3743:Library Village 3733:Harvard Terrace 3710: 3641: 3573: 3542: 3516: 3474: 3416: 3382: 3361: 3343: 3310: 3266: 3175: 3094: 3041: 2925: 2886: 2815: 2786: 2780: 2750: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2676:"ToledoWar.com" 2674: 2656: 2649: 2588: 2586: 2576: 2570: 2544: 2542: 2526: 2524:Further reading 2521: 2433: 2393: 2364: 2314: 2312: 2294: 2289: 2288: 2278: 2276: 2272:The Bryan Times 2263: 2259: 2239: 2235: 2228: 2206: 2202: 2192: 2190: 2178: 2172: 2168: 2155: 2154: 2150: 2133: 2129: 2119: 2117: 2113: 2106: 2095: 2091: 2081: 2079: 2064: 2060: 2050: 2048: 2047:on May 16, 2006 2035: 2034: 2030: 2022: 2018: 2008: 2006: 1997: 1996: 1992: 1984: 1973: 1967:Galloway (1895) 1965: 1961: 1953: 1949: 1941: 1937: 1929: 1918: 1912:Galloway (1895) 1910: 1903: 1895: 1891: 1883: 1879: 1873:Galloway (1895) 1871: 1867: 1857: 1855: 1844: 1837: 1818: 1816: 1804: 1797: 1791:Galloway (1895) 1789: 1780: 1772: 1765: 1759:Galloway (1895) 1757: 1753: 1743: 1741: 1728: 1727: 1723: 1717:Mitchell (2004) 1715: 1708: 1700: 1696: 1690:Galloway (1895) 1688: 1684: 1676: 1669: 1663:Galloway (1895) 1661: 1652: 1644: 1640: 1634:Galloway (1895) 1632: 1628: 1620: 1616: 1606: 1604: 1595: 1594: 1590: 1580: 1578: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1558:Galloway (1895) 1556: 1552: 1544: 1540: 1529: 1525: 1517: 1510: 1500: 1498: 1485: 1484: 1477: 1469: 1460: 1450: 1448: 1437: 1424: 1416: 1409: 1399: 1397: 1380: 1379: 1370: 1360: 1358: 1347: 1343: 1335: 1331: 1323: 1319: 1311: 1300: 1290: 1288: 1273: 1269: 1248: 1247: 1243: 1233: 1231: 1218: 1217: 1213: 1208: 1203: 1176: 1169: 1158: 1149: 1146:Williams County 1142: 1133: 1130:Frank B. Willis 1122: 1113: 1107: 1095:American League 1027:Frank B. Willis 997: 991: 903: 868:David T. Disney 844:legislature, a 813: 769: 695:Benjamin Butler 683: 661:U.S. President 655: 630:Joseph W. Brown 548: 467: 404: 261: 249:Upper Peninsula 173:Upper Peninsula 139:Joseph W. Brown 137: 128: 88: 74: 45: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 4389: 4379: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4306: 4305: 4299: 4296: 4295: 4293: 4292: 4291: 4290: 4280: 4275: 4273:Scioto Company 4270: 4264: 4262: 4258: 4257: 4255: 4254: 4252:Turnpike Lands 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4189: 4183: 4181: 4177: 4176: 4174: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4153: 4148: 4143: 4138: 4136:Donation Tract 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4102: 4100: 4097:Indiscriminate 4094: 4093: 4091: 4090: 4085: 4080: 4074: 4072: 4071:System Surveys 4064: 4063: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4051: 4046: 4041: 4036: 4031: 4026: 4021: 4016: 4011: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3994:Congress Lands 3990: 3988: 3986:System Surveys 3978: 3977: 3970: 3969: 3962: 3955: 3947: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3934: 3923: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3901: 3896: 3891: 3886: 3881: 3876: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3856: 3851: 3846: 3841: 3836: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3819:Jerusalem Twp. 3816: 3811: 3806: 3801: 3796: 3790: 3788: 3784: 3783: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3770: 3765: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3745: 3740: 3735: 3730: 3724: 3722: 3716: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3698: 3693: 3688: 3680: 3670: 3665: 3663:Inverness Club 3660: 3655: 3649: 3647: 3643: 3642: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3618: 3607: 3588: 3581: 3579: 3575: 3574: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3550: 3548: 3544: 3543: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3530: 3528:Toledo Rockets 3524: 3522: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3504: 3493: 3491: 3484: 3480: 3479: 3476: 3475: 3473: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3432: 3426: 3424: 3418: 3417: 3415: 3414: 3409: 3403: 3401: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3384: 3383: 3381: 3380: 3371: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3359: 3353: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3320: 3318: 3312: 3311: 3309: 3308: 3303: 3298: 3293: 3287: 3285: 3276: 3272: 3271: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3264: 3256: 3248: 3240: 3232: 3224: 3216: 3208: 3200: 3192: 3183: 3181: 3174: 3173: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3153: 3148: 3143: 3138: 3133: 3130:Toledo Complex 3123: 3118: 3113: 3108: 3102: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3093: 3092: 3084: 3079:Southwyck Mall 3076: 3068: 3063:Woodville Mall 3060: 3055: 3049: 3047: 3046:Shopping malls 3043: 3042: 3040: 3039: 3034: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3004: 2999: 2994: 2989: 2984: 2979: 2974: 2969: 2964: 2959: 2954: 2949: 2944: 2939: 2933: 2931: 2927: 2926: 2924: 2923: 2915: 2910: 2905: 2900: 2894: 2892: 2891:Transportation 2888: 2887: 2885: 2884: 2879: 2874: 2869: 2864: 2859: 2854: 2849: 2844: 2839: 2829: 2823: 2821: 2817: 2816: 2805:Port Authority 2791: 2788: 2787: 2779: 2778: 2771: 2764: 2756: 2749: 2748: 2735: 2716: 2703: 2689:"Chapter XXXI" 2684: 2672: 2661: 2642: 2624: 2615: 2604: 2595: 2574: 2568: 2551: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2519: 2498: 2479: 2458: 2437: 2431: 2418: 2397: 2391: 2368: 2362: 2345: 2324: 2295: 2293: 2290: 2287: 2286: 2257: 2233: 2226: 2200: 2166: 2148: 2127: 2089: 2058: 2028: 2026:, p. 319. 2016: 1990: 1988:, p. 318. 1971: 1969:, p. 228. 1959: 1957:, p. 199. 1947: 1945:, p. 216. 1935: 1916: 1914:, p. 221. 1901: 1889: 1877: 1875:, p. 227. 1865: 1854:on May 9, 2006 1835: 1831:MeasuringWorth 1825:United States 1813:MeasuringWorth 1795: 1793:, p. 220. 1778: 1776:, p. 306. 1763: 1761:, p. 217. 1751: 1721: 1706: 1694: 1692:, p. 216. 1682: 1667: 1665:, p. 214. 1650: 1638: 1636:, p. 213. 1626: 1614: 1603:on May 9, 2006 1588: 1562: 1560:, p. 208. 1550: 1548:, p. 167. 1538: 1523: 1508: 1475: 1473:, p. 154. 1458: 1422: 1420:, p. 162. 1407: 1368: 1341: 1339:, p. 206. 1329: 1327:, p. 153. 1317: 1298: 1267: 1241: 1210: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1187: 1182: 1175: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1162:Dover Township 1159: 1152: 1150: 1143: 1136: 1134: 1123: 1116: 1114: 1108: 1101: 1087:Detroit Tigers 1081:in collegiate 1067:special master 990: 987: 911:Isaac E. Crary 902: 899: 812: 809: 768: 765: 689:consulted his 687:Andrew Jackson 682: 679: 663:Andrew Jackson 654: 651: 547: 544: 466: 463: 403: 400: 260: 257: 253:Andrew Jackson 177: 176: 168: 167: 164: 160: 159: 155: 154: 151: 147: 146: 142: 141: 132: 122: 121: 117: 116: 110: 103: 102: 98: 97: 94: 93: 90: 84: 83: 80: 76: 75: 66: 64: 60: 59: 56: 48: 47: 37: 36: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4388: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4361:1830s in Ohio 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4318: 4316: 4302: 4297: 4289: 4286: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4279: 4276: 4274: 4271: 4269: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4250: 4248: 4245: 4243: 4240: 4238: 4237:Refugee Tract 4235: 4233: 4230: 4228: 4225: 4223: 4220: 4218: 4215: 4213: 4212:Dohrman Tract 4210: 4208: 4205: 4203: 4202:College Lands 4200: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4190: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4178: 4172: 4169: 4168: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4151:Zane's Tracts 4149: 4147: 4144: 4142: 4139: 4137: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4127: 4124: 4122: 4119: 4117: 4114: 4112: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4103: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4086: 4084: 4081: 4079: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4065: 4050: 4047: 4045: 4042: 4040: 4037: 4035: 4032: 4030: 4027: 4025: 4022: 4020: 4017: 4015: 4012: 4010: 4007: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3987: 3979: 3975: 3968: 3963: 3961: 3956: 3954: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3933: 3925: 3924: 3921: 3915: 3912: 3910: 3907: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3899:Sylvania Twp. 3897: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3870: 3867: 3865: 3862: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3852: 3850: 3847: 3845: 3844:Monclova Twp. 3842: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3832: 3830: 3827: 3825: 3822: 3820: 3817: 3815: 3812: 3810: 3807: 3805: 3804:Bowling Green 3802: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3776: 3774: 3771: 3769: 3766: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3756: 3754: 3751: 3749: 3746: 3744: 3741: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3725: 3723: 3721: 3720:Neighborhoods 3717: 3707: 3706:Tam-O-Shanter 3704: 3702: 3699: 3697: 3694: 3692: 3689: 3684: 3681: 3678: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3654: 3651: 3650: 3648: 3644: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3619: 3616: 3612: 3608: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3589: 3587: 3584:Solheim Cup ( 3583: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3539: 3536: 3534: 3531: 3529: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3512: 3508: 3505: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3494: 3492: 3488: 3485: 3481: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3435:Davis College 3433: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3425: 3423: 3419: 3413: 3410: 3408: 3405: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3396: 3393: 3389: 3376: 3373: 3372: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3358: 3355: 3354: 3352: 3350: 3346: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3321: 3319: 3317: 3313: 3307: 3304: 3302: 3299: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3260: 3257: 3252: 3249: 3244: 3241: 3236: 3233: 3228: 3225: 3220: 3217: 3212: 3209: 3204: 3201: 3196: 3193: 3188: 3185: 3184: 3182: 3178: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3151:Owens Corning 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3127: 3124: 3122: 3121:GM Powertrain 3119: 3117: 3114: 3112: 3109: 3107: 3106:The Andersons 3104: 3103: 3101: 3097: 3088: 3085: 3080: 3077: 3072: 3069: 3064: 3061: 3059: 3056: 3054: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3038: 3035: 3033: 3030: 3028: 3025: 3023: 3020: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2993: 2990: 2988: 2985: 2983: 2980: 2978: 2975: 2973: 2970: 2968: 2965: 2963: 2960: 2958: 2955: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2943: 2940: 2938: 2935: 2934: 2932: 2928: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2899: 2896: 2895: 2893: 2889: 2883: 2880: 2878: 2875: 2873: 2870: 2868: 2865: 2863: 2860: 2858: 2855: 2853: 2850: 2848: 2845: 2843: 2840: 2837: 2833: 2830: 2828: 2825: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2789: 2784: 2777: 2772: 2770: 2765: 2763: 2758: 2757: 2754: 2738: 2736:1-4255-6619-7 2732: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2717: 2706: 2704:0-665-42277-6 2700: 2696: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2671: 2670: 2665: 2662: 2655: 2648: 2643: 2639: 2635: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2611: 2605: 2601: 2596: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2565: 2561: 2558:. Ann Arbor: 2557: 2552: 2540: 2539: 2534: 2529: 2528: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2499: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2486: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2438: 2434: 2432:0-300-05658-3 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2394: 2392:0-471-67552-0 2388: 2384: 2380: 2375: 2369: 2365: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2330: 2325: 2322: 2311: 2307: 2306: 2301: 2297: 2296: 2275:. Bryan, Ohio 2274: 2273: 2268: 2261: 2253: 2249: 2248: 2243: 2237: 2229: 2227:0-471-67552-0 2223: 2219: 2214: 2213: 2204: 2188: 2184: 2177: 2170: 2163: 2158: 2152: 2144: 2143: 2138: 2131: 2112: 2105: 2104: 2099: 2093: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2062: 2046: 2042: 2038: 2032: 2025: 2024:Wittke (1895) 2020: 2004: 2001:. U.S. Mint. 2000: 1994: 1987: 1986:Wittke (1895) 1982: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1968: 1963: 1956: 1951: 1944: 1939: 1933:, p. 29. 1932: 1927: 1925: 1923: 1921: 1913: 1908: 1906: 1899:, p. 33. 1898: 1893: 1887:, p. 28. 1886: 1881: 1874: 1869: 1853: 1849: 1842: 1840: 1832: 1828: 1815: 1814: 1809: 1802: 1800: 1792: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1775: 1774:Wittke (1895) 1770: 1768: 1760: 1755: 1739: 1735: 1731: 1725: 1718: 1713: 1711: 1703: 1702:Wittke (1895) 1698: 1691: 1686: 1680:, p. 19. 1679: 1674: 1672: 1664: 1659: 1657: 1655: 1648:, p. 17. 1647: 1642: 1635: 1630: 1623: 1618: 1602: 1598: 1592: 1576: 1572: 1566: 1559: 1554: 1547: 1542: 1534: 1527: 1520: 1519:Meinig (1993) 1515: 1513: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1480: 1472: 1467: 1465: 1463: 1446: 1442: 1435: 1433: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1419: 1414: 1412: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1377: 1375: 1373: 1356: 1352: 1345: 1338: 1333: 1326: 1321: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1305: 1303: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1271: 1263: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1245: 1229: 1225: 1221: 1215: 1211: 1196: 1193: 1191: 1188: 1186: 1183: 1181: 1178: 1177: 1167: 1166:Fulton County 1163: 1156: 1151: 1147: 1140: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1105: 1100: 1099: 1098: 1096: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1080: 1074: 1072: 1071:Turtle Island 1068: 1064: 1063: 1056: 1054: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1024: 1020: 1014: 1011: 1007: 1003: 996: 986: 983: 980: 971: 967: 962: 958: 956: 952: 946: 944: 934: 930: 928: 924: 920: 919:U.S. Senators 916: 912: 908: 898: 895: 890: 888: 882: 880: 876: 871: 869: 865: 864:William Allen 861: 856: 854: 849: 847: 846:supreme court 843: 839: 834: 832: 827: 817: 808: 806: 802: 798: 789: 785: 783: 773: 764: 762: 758: 753: 749: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 723: 719: 715: 711: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 678: 676: 672: 664: 659: 650: 647: 646:Massachusetts 643: 638: 635: 631: 628: 624: 620: 616: 612: 606: 604: 600: 595: 593: 589: 586:called for a 585: 576: 572: 568: 564: 561: 552: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 524: 522: 517: 515: 511: 507: 503: 502:New York City 499: 494: 492: 488: 484: 480: 476: 472: 462: 460: 451: 450:Edward Tiffin 446: 442: 440: 436: 435:Edward Tiffin 431: 429: 425: 421: 420:Port of Miami 413: 408: 399: 396: 391: 389: 384: 381: 375: 373: 368: 363: 361: 357: 352: 348: 347:Detroit River 344: 336: 332: 331:Lake Michigan 328: 323: 319: 317: 313: 309: 308:Lake Michigan 305: 301: 297: 293: 290:In 1787, the 286: 282: 278: 274: 270: 265: 256: 254: 250: 246: 241: 239: 235: 231: 227: 223: 219: 214: 212: 208: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 184: 174: 169: 165: 162: 161: 156: 152: 149: 148: 143: 140: 136: 133: 131: 127: 124: 123: 118: 114: 111: 108: 105: 104: 99: 91: 86: 85: 81: 78: 77: 73: 69: 65: 62: 61: 57: 54: 53: 49: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 4303:from Commons 4288:Ohio Company 4283:Ohio Country 4247:School Lands 4106:French Grant 4049:Toledo Strip 4039:Seven Ranges 3859:Ottawa Hills 3778:Westmoreland 3753:Old West End 3696:Savage Arena 3683:Sports Arena 3490:Professional 3251:Toledo Scale 2997:Oliver House 2831: 2783:Toledo, Ohio 2740:. Retrieved 2725: 2708:. Retrieved 2693: 2680:the original 2667: 2654:the original 2638:the original 2632: 2619: 2609: 2599: 2587:. Retrieved 2581: 2555: 2543:. Retrieved 2537: 2533:"Toledo War" 2506: 2502: 2484: 2475:the original 2470: 2466: 2445: 2441: 2422: 2405: 2401: 2378: 2349: 2332: 2320: 2313:. Retrieved 2304: 2277:. Retrieved 2270: 2260: 2245: 2242:Unger, Brian 2236: 2211: 2203: 2191:. Retrieved 2182: 2169: 2164: (1973). 2156: 2151: 2140: 2130: 2118:. Retrieved 2111:the original 2102: 2092: 2080:. Retrieved 2071: 2061: 2049:. Retrieved 2045:the original 2031: 2019: 2007:. Retrieved 1993: 1962: 1950: 1938: 1892: 1880: 1868: 1856:. Retrieved 1852:the original 1830: 1819:November 30, 1817:. Retrieved 1811: 1754: 1742:. Retrieved 1738:the original 1733: 1724: 1719:, p. 7. 1697: 1685: 1641: 1629: 1622:Adams (1876) 1617: 1605:. Retrieved 1601:the original 1591: 1579:. Retrieved 1575:the original 1565: 1553: 1541: 1532: 1526: 1499:. Retrieved 1495:the original 1490: 1449:. 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Retrieved 1223: 1214: 1075: 1060: 1057: 1031: 1015: 998: 984: 975: 947: 939: 927:John Norvell 904: 891: 883: 875:oneupmanship 872: 857: 850: 835: 830: 822: 794: 778: 754: 750: 738:Pennsylvania 734:Richard Rush 727: 722:Pennsylvania 718:Richard Rush 684: 668: 649:the other." 639: 615:imprisonment 607: 603:Robert Lucas 596: 592:enabling act 580: 557: 525: 518: 495: 468: 455: 432: 417: 392: 380:Maumee River 376: 364: 343:Mitchell Map 340: 327:Mitchell Map 294:enacted the 289: 242: 230:Robert Lucas 222:jurisdiction 215: 211:Maumee River 207:Toledo Strip 206: 190: 186: 182: 180: 126:Robert Lucas 101:Belligerents 82:Inconclusive 72:Toledo, Ohio 29: 18:Toledo Strip 4187:Canal Lands 4180:Land Grants 4126:Salem Tract 4069:Rectangular 3984:Rectangular 3763:Point Place 3748:Old Orchard 3677:Menards 200 3590:U.S. Open ( 3547:High school 3296:St. Vincent 3291:St. Charles 3002:One SeaGate 2930:Attractions 2785:and suburbs 2583:Google Maps 2292:Works cited 1291:January 14, 923:Lucius Lyon 826:county seat 703:swing state 577:(1832–1839) 528:agriculture 459:occupied it 424:War of 1812 414:(1813–1831) 367:fur trapper 267:Map of the 218:Great Lakes 87:Territorial 4315:Categories 3974:Ohio Lands 3914:Whitehouse 3909:Waterville 3864:Perrysburg 3794:Assumption 3691:Glass Bowl 3375:St. Luke's 3262:(acquired) 3254:(acquired) 3238:(acquired) 3230:(acquired) 3227:Lion Store 3222:(acquired) 3214:(acquired) 3206:(acquired) 3190:(acquired) 3099:Businesses 3032:Yacht Club 2982:Maumee Bay 2977:Lighthouse 2957:Fort Meigs 2942:Art Museum 2832:Toledo War 2664:Toledo War 2120:October 5, 1931:Way (1869) 1897:Way (1869) 1885:Way (1869) 1678:Way (1869) 1646:Way (1869) 1581:August 10, 1262:Wikisource 1201:References 1190:Ohio Lands 993:See also: 619:hard labor 498:Erie Canal 483:Fort Wayne 439:Lewis Cass 412:Lewis Cass 372:Maumee Bay 183:Toledo War 35:Toledo War 4083:Firelands 4067:Five-Mile 3904:Walbridge 3849:Northwood 3824:Lake Twp. 3686:(defunct) 3632:Dana Open 3399:Secondary 3391:Education 3378:(defunct) 3316:ProMedica 3275:Hospitals 3246:(defunct) 3243:Tiedtke's 3203:Lane Drug 3198:(defunct) 3171:Welltower 3156:ProMedica 3146:O-I Glass 3090:(defunct) 3082:(defunct) 3074:(defunct) 3066:(defunct) 2952:Cathedral 2937:Arboretum 2872:2005 riot 2494:490964723 2279:March 28, 1535:(Report). 1361:March 27, 1206:Footnotes 955:25 states 943:Ann Arbor 842:bicameral 833:militia. 671:John Bell 601:Governor 599:incumbent 573:Governor 514:boomtowns 383:watershed 335:Lake Erie 316:Lake Erie 226:statehood 166:1 wounded 130:John Bell 58:1835–1836 3982:Six-Mile 3932:Category 3894:Sylvania 3879:Rossford 3839:Metamora 3728:Downtown 3673:Speedway 3497:Mud Hens 3422:Tertiary 3407:Catholic 3324:Bay Park 3187:Champion 3161:Teledyne 2836:Timeline 2827:Timeline 2515:44843819 2454:44843819 2414:44843819 2354:Eerdmans 2341:11743219 2315:April 6, 2193:April 5, 2003:Archived 1833:series. 1445:Archived 1285:Archived 1258:Archived 1228:Archived 1174:See also 1046:Williams 970:Michigan 801:Tecumseh 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