402:
However, Tokelauan had been instituted into schools in the late 1940s; prior to the publication, there was not much headway made in the teaching of the language. In 1969, the New
Zealand Department of Education published D. W. Boardman's Tokelau-English Vocabulary. This second, more advanced reference was a collection of around 1200 vocabulary entries. In the times that passed after the second publication, the necessity of a more detailed and in depth reference to the language for the purpose of education with the Tokelauan community was realized by Hosea Kirifi (who later became the first Tokelau Director of Education) and J. H. Webster. In the year 1975, Kirifi and Webster published the first official precursory Tokelauan dictionary, which contained an estimated 3000 items, called the Tokelau-English Dictionary. This entire movement was based on the fact that the Tokelauan people take a great deal of pride in their language. Tokelauan schools lacked an abundance of resources and materials that could be used to educate their children on the language. It has a high place in their culture, and the revitalization and renewal of the language for their younger generation had eventually reached a point where action had to be taken. One year after the publication of the 1975 Tokelau-English Dictionary, the government approved the installation of Ropati Simona who was to head the Tokelau Dictionary Project. This eventually led to the publication of the first comprehensive Tokelauan dictionary, Tokelau Dictionary by the Office of Tokelau Affairs in 1986.
439:
Zealand) and states in the United States that touch the
Pacific Ocean (Hawaii and other western states part of the mainland). Since Tokelau lies very close to Samoa, it is common to think that the Tokelauan language has some Samoan language influences, but due to the lack in extensive documentation, it is inaccurate to assume such a thing. Tokelauan was still only considered to be a spoken language up until the 1960s. During the 1960s schools began teaching their peoples how to read and write their own language. Short works were also produced in Tokelauan. Additionally, it was common for adults to be fluent in Samoan and Tokelauan. The Tokelauan language is small, and has always been fairly small, even before the Europeans invaded, because of the limited resources that each atoll had, which limited the number of people that could be supported on each.
2910:
3362:
3353:
290:
2861:
and Samoan, but the younger generation, due to the newer schooling system, are apt to speak
English rather than Samoan. In a census in 2001 in New Zealand, only 44 percent of the people with a Tokelauan background could hold a conversation in the language, compared to 53 percent in 1996. Comparably, a meager 29 percent of New Zealand-born Tokelauans reported being able to speak the language, compared to the 71 percent born in the three atolls.
209:
822:
newer one. The fact that all these sounds are interchangeable regardless of when it arrived at the islands suggests that no one dialect surpassed the other. Although
Tokelauan is closely related to the Samoan language, there is a distinct difference between their pronunciation of words. For example, Samoan words containing the k sound can sound like g with words such as
2052:
complement and rest of the sentence. In the binding system, the complements act inversely to the verb of the sentence. Therefore, if the strength of the verb is higher on the binding scale, the complement is unlikely to appear as its own separate clause. The four elements are: Subject/agent case marking, Verb modalities, Fusion or co-lexicalization, and
Separation.
1527:. When describing personal names as well as the names of the month, pronouns (the use here is optional and it is most commonly used when there are words in between the pronoun and verb), and collaborative nouns that describe a group of people working together the most common particle is used. This particle is
385:
Atafu, Nukunonu and
Fakaofo. Approximately 3000 people in New Zealand speak Tokelauan, and the rest of the known Tokelauan speakers are spread across Australia, Hawaii, and the West Coast of the United States. The Tokelauan language closely resembles its more widely spoken and close genealogical relative,
2860:
of the community starts to diminish as parents stray away from teaching their children the local language, in hopes that they will succeed in learning the more dominant language, and as
Tokelauan speakers intermarry with non-speakers. Older generations of people living in Tokelau speak both Tokelauan
401:
Horatio Hale was the first person to publish a
Tokelauan dictionary of sorts, which he did in 1846. Rather than being the accepted definition of dictionary, it was a reference that only contained 214 entries of vocabulary. Hale's publication remained the only published Tokelauan reference until 1969.
2809:
means 'kinship'. The term holi kāiga can be applied to not only a 'desecration of kinship' but in any cases that the order of kinship is changed, for example a child defying an elder. The most common use of the term, however, is used when speaking about the sexual contact between individuals. In the
2076:
Tokelauan is a quite free flowing language as the sentence structures can vary greatly. Although there is a preferred method of ordering the phrase (i.e., argument, subject, case complement), the language allows for different variations. There are certain rules when it comes to sentence permutations
821:
both mean goodbye but can be pronounced differently. The sounds for h, s, f and wh can all be used interchangeably. There are two dialects in
Polynesia, which has shaped the Tokelauan language to sound how it does. The h and wh sounds are from the older dialect, while the f and s sounds are from the
384:
from
English into Tokelauan. While many Tokelau residents are multilingual, Tokelauan was the language of day-to-day affairs in Tokelau until at least the 1990s, and is spoken by 88% of Tokelauan residents. Of the 4600 people who speak the language, 1600 of them live in the three atolls of Tokelau –
2843:
When the word is used nominally, it may imply a diverse variety of social units that all have a shared ancestor. The Tokelau languages contains terms for affinal relationships, however, there is no single word that can be transcribed as 'affinity'. The term opposite of kāiga ('kin' or 'related') is
2800:
There are three terms that showcase the distinction of same-sex and opposite-sex sibling terms: Sibling of own sex (male or female); sibling of opposite sex (male); and sibling of opposite sex, (female). For example, 'mother's sister,' 'male cousin's brother' and 'sister's nephew' are all different
2219:
Tokelauan is mutually intelligible with the Tuvaluan language. Samoan literature is recognised mostly due to the early introduction of Christian Samoan missionaries to which the Samoan language was held as the language of instruction at school and at church. It also has marked similarities to the
636:
However, not all Tokelauan speaking peoples agree with the use of the macron. Those residing in the three atolls of Tokelau are known to have shown much resistance to the macron, while the Tokelauan speakers of New Zealand are more open and accepting of adopting the use of this linguistic symbol.
904:
Although there is not a lot of available systemic data for Tokelauan word stressing, linguistics have developed three rules relating word stress and vowels based upon some previous evidence. The first rule is that a long vowel will receive the main stress. Secondly, with some exceptions to rule
438:
language family and is considered to be part of the subgroup of Polynesian languages. More than half of the speakers of the Tokelauan language reside in New Zealand, about thirty percent live in either Atafu, Nukuonono, or Fakaofo, and a minority live in Australia (geographically close to New
2051:
The Tokelauan language also must take into mind the systematics of its complements. There is a bonding hierarchy between the complements and its sentences. According to Hooper's research, there are four elements that in Tokelauan semantics that determine the strength of the bond between the
2077:
when it comes to “subject shifting” or “case scrambling.” Generally, across these sentence permutations, the parts of speech, such as argument, subject, and case complements, have to stay together. Meaning, the argument is one section that would shift together and subject is its own unit.
913:
Similarly to English, each Tokelauan clause has a predicate. There are five types of predicate including verbal, locative, existential, possessive, and nominal. Each predicate is available for an interrogative and declarative statement, and can also have multiple predicates conjoined.
1438:. The absence of an article is usually used if a large amount or a specific class of things are being described. An example of an exception to this commonality would be if one was describing an entire class of things, but in a nonspecific way. In this case, rather than
905:
number one, the second to last vowel would bear the main stress (if the long vowel is not the main stress). And thirdly, words do not lose their normal stress when compounded with another word. Furthermore, monosyllabic grammatical morphemes are left unstressed.
1349:
acts as what is known as a definite article, meaning that a defined object or person is being spoken of. However, in the case of definite article usage in Tokelauan language, if the speaker is speaking of an item in the same manner as the English languages uses
1354:, they need not to have referred to it previously so long as the item is specific. The same can be said for the reference of singular being. Because of the difference in grammatical ruling, although the definite article in the Tokelauan language is
2056:
Subject/agent case marking: “'The higher the main verb is on the binding scale, the less likely is the subject/agent of the complement to display the case-marking characteristics of subjects/agents of main clauses.'” (Quoted from
2844:
he kāiga ('not kin' or 'unrelated'), and that only those who are he kāiga should be wedded. Violating the kinship relationship means breaching not only the current relationship but the whole kinship of all descendants.
1344:
when speaking of a noun is strictly reserved for the case in which the receiver of the word should be aware of its context, or if said item has been referred to previously. This is because in English, the word
2060:
Verb modalities: “'The higher the main verb is on the binding scale, the less likely is the complement verb to display the tense-aspect-modality markings characteristics of main-clause verbs.'” (Quoted from
2964:
2852:
With fewer than 5000 speakers, the Tokelauan language is endangered. There is a struggle to teach a language that is spoken by only handful of people, when learning a widely known language such as
2067:
Separation: “'The higher the main verb is on the binding scale, the less likely it is that a subordinating morpheme would separate the complement clause from the main clause.'” (Quoted from Givón)
1681:
The Tokulauan language makes use of complementizers pe, ke, oi, and ona. The complementizer pe is used for indicative complements, while ke, oi, and ona are used for non-indicative complements.
1370:
is used because that is where it is most often found, as well as when phrasing a question. However, it is important to remember that just because these two types of statements are where
1503:(Notice that this is the use of an indefinite article in an interrogative statement. As mentioned above, the use of indefinite articles in these types of statements is very common.)
3531:
2064:
Fusion or co-lexicalization: “'The higher the main verb is on the binding scale, the more likely is the complement verb to co-lexicalize with the main verb.'” (Quoted from Givón)
434:, respectively (on old maps). Together, they are known as The Union Islands, The Union Group, and as the Tokelau Islands. Tokelau's language, Tokelauan, belongs to the
370:
and other Polynesian languages. Tokelauan has a co-official status with English in Tokelau. There are approximately 4,260 speakers of Tokelauan, of whom 2,100 live in
2792:
and modified distinctions in sibling terms. The language has specific words for different members of the family, and some of these terms have multiple meanings.
809:
There are some phonetic similarities between sounds in the language, such as /h/ and /ɸ/, which results in some variation in orthographic practice. For example,
2994:
3797:
3619:
1426:
in Tokelauan are reserved for when describing a singular noun. When describing a plural noun, different articles are used. For plural definite nouns,
422:. Together these three atolls lay roughly about two hundred sixty nautical miles away from Samoa. The three atolls of Tokelau are also known as the
3420:
110:
300:
1668:
Majority of the lexemes can be used in both position 1 & 2, meaning they can function as nouns and verbs, depending on the context.
4209:
3325:
3571:
4214:
3536:
629:
To indicate whether a vowel is read short or long, Tokelauan language denotes a long vowel with a macron over the letter symbol. A
3790:
3392:
4219:
3612:
124:
781:
3783:
3289:
3605:
3576:
3435:
1362:. An indefinite article is used when there is no specification of the noun being referred to. The usage of the word
1628:
A few lexemes are used only as a verb and do not attach to form a different phrase - ex. Galo = be lost, disappear
3829:
564:
557:
3586:
1597:
These can only function as nouns. Pronouns are a subset of nouns, so they cannot be combined with determiners.
4022:
4204:
3546:
3526:
3498:
3455:
3311:
3058:
235:
3888:
3465:
755:
747:
739:
585:
578:
276:
142:
4027:
3712:
3566:
3521:
3385:
765:
519:
512:
105:
3561:
3541:
2870:
1636:- A lexeme that forms directly after the preposition (i, ki, or mai), without an additional determiner
716:
709:
613:
606:
2805:
which is made up of two words: holi meaning 'to tread' and also 'to desecrate' or 'violate'. The word
4199:
3806:
3764:
129:
17:
2909:
1551:
is also used as the particle in those particular, as well as other specific instances. The particle
380:, Tokelau's resident Director of Education, has stated that he is in the process of translating the
3628:
3445:
540:
533:
2937:"Culture of Tokelau - history, people, clothing, traditions, women, beliefs, food, family, social"
3932:
3834:
723:
3415:
3378:
435:
390:
100:
1879:
Ona: Complement used in sentences pertaining to “phasal, modal, and commentative predicates.”
4143:
3970:
3430:
2801:
terms in the Tokelauan language. In Tokelau, the term most closely translated to “incest” is
2221:
683:
676:
3697:
1594:- A lexeme formed directly after a determiner or possessive pronoun to create a noun phrase
3912:
3879:
3632:
3581:
3480:
3401:
987:
Below is a table displaying the predicative possessive pronouns in the Tokelauan language.
137:
1366:, the indefinite article in Tokelauan is 'any such item'. In negative statements the word
410:
Tokelau is a dependency of New Zealand and has three main parts, which consist of atolls:
8:
4096:
4071:
3651:
3556:
3475:
351:
3597:
3173:
Wayfinding in Pacific Linguascapes: Negotiating Tokelau Linguistic Identities in Hawai'i
4106:
4086:
4066:
4032:
4017:
3997:
3992:
3942:
3869:
3707:
3470:
3460:
3450:
3440:
690:
653:
630:
1613:- A lexeme that comes directly after a verbal particle and expresses tense or aspect.
268:
4050:
4002:
3987:
3917:
3907:
3902:
3859:
3551:
3503:
3425:
3305:
2857:
773:
663:
363:
119:
4037:
3676:
3356:
4125:
4101:
4076:
4042:
4007:
3952:
3937:
3927:
3824:
3702:
3681:
3646:
3247:
2875:
2853:
2789:
648:
318:
147:
71:
3365:
1531:, which is used so long as none of the nouns listed above follow the prepositions
4138:
4133:
3960:
3854:
3728:
1332:
There are two articles that are used in the English language. These articles are
670:
658:
386:
367:
156:
92:
3326:"Tokelau facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Tokelau"
2936:
1434:, plural definite nouns are subject to the absence of an article represented by
374:, 1,400 in Tokelau, and 17 in Swains Island. "Tokelau" means "north-northeast".
281:
4177:
4091:
3922:
3864:
1555:
is used before a person's name as well as the names of months and the particle
377:
56:
1401:(Notice how te in Tokelauan has been translated to both a and the in English.)
4193:
4111:
4012:
3361:
2897:
1633:
460:
359:
60:
52:
3775:
3276:
Tokelauan Syntax: Studies in the Sentence Structure of a Polynesian Language
3193:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International. pp. 49, 51.
1559:
is used before pronouns when these instances are following the prepositions
4081:
3040:. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International. pp. 98–99.
1653:
Small class of “other” lexemes that don't fit into the other three classes
1087:
Shown below is a table showing Tokelauan premodifying possessive pronouns.
838:
473:
3352:
3204:
1358:, it is very common for it to translate to the English indefinite article
252:
1442:
as the article, the singular definite noun te would be used. The article
455:
371:
3370:
2902:
1430:
is the article that is used. However, in some cases, rather than using
943:(An evaluative predicate can and usually does occur with no argument.)
506:
465:
1378:
does not occur in other types of statements as well. Examples of both
3252:
2995:"Profile of Tokelau: 2016 Tokelau Census of Population and Dwellings"
733:
596:
551:
261:
245:
227:
289:
3000:. Tokelau National Statistics Office and Stats NZ. 2017. p. 25
1547:. When the subject of a sentence is a locative or name of a place,
427:
415:
1954:
Oi: Complement used in sentences pertaining to items of sequence.
2781:
703:
431:
419:
355:
214:
48:
3145:. New Zealand: Office of Tokelau Affairs. p. Introduction.
2785:
2210:
All of which still mean, The fish was eaten by me with a spoon.
1584:
297:
3292:. SPasifik. 2014. Archived from the original on 5 October 2014
3246:(PhD dissertation). University of Auckland. pp. 328–332.
342:
2225:
1648:
Place names and months have some characteristics of locatives
1446:
is used for describing a plural indefinite noun. Examples of
423:
411:
381:
339:
2788:
organizations within the community. Tokelau has adopted the
1610:
1591:
330:
324:
1684:
Pe: Complement used in sentences pertaining to knowledge.
3627:
362:(or Olohega) in American Samoa. It is closely related to
3290:"Tokelauan Language Week: Te Vaiaho o te Gagana Tokelau"
1805:
Ke: Complement used in sentences pertaining to purpose.
2814:
has both adjectival and nominal linguistic functions:
1486:('Ko' in this sentence acts as a preposition to 'te'.)
296:
Tokelauan is classified as Severely Endangered by the
1397:
English: 'A man has arrived' or 'The man has arrived'
961:
and a noun phrase following a tense-aspect particle.
834:. Tokelauan language does not allow the k's to drop.
327:
1567:. If describing a pronoun and using the preposition
336:
321:
396:
333:
2958:
2956:
2214:
1798:TOP 1sg.POSS guess INT COMP TA obtain INT DET week
2856:has a much greater benefit in their society. The
4191:
3318:
2953:
2143:{na havali} {te teine} {mai te fale i te auala}
2108:{na havali} {mai te fale i te auala} {te teine}
2047:'Very soon that star will be in the ascendant.'
1587:in the Tokelauan language, and are as follows:
965:
954:
926:
829:
823:
816:
810:
3175:. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii at Manoa.
2962:
1849:
1705:
3805:
3791:
3613:
3386:
2839:'in those days there were not many kingroups'
2149:Walked the girl from the house along the road
2114:Walked from the house along the road the girl
922:A verbal phrase will follow a verbal clause.
2871:Tokelau, Tuvalu § Linguistic background
2003:
1950:'It had become necessary to acquire a house'
1511:The particles of the Tokelauan language are
442:
358:and historically by the small population of
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
1875:' were tired of trying to get me to drink.'
1801:'My guess was that a full week had passed.'
3798:
3784:
3620:
3606:
3393:
3379:
1374:occurs the greatest it does not mean that
288:
3251:
3237:
3235:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3221:
2963:Hooper, Antony; Huntsman, Judith (1992).
1709:
1469:English: 'Do run and bring me the chairs'
3400:
3273:
3260:
2847:
301:Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
2207:{na kai} {e au} {i te hiipuni} {te ika}
2204:{na kai} {e au} {te ika} {i te hiipuni}
2201:{na kai} {te ika} {e au} {i te hiipuni}
405:
14:
4192:
3241:
3218:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3155:
3140:
3035:
1985:
1910:
1872:TA fed-up indeed COMP-drink-1sg EXCLAM
1845:
1739:
982:
946:
3779:
3601:
3374:
3170:
3160:. Wellington, New Zealand: MTC Print.
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
2893:
2891:
2031:
1413:English: 'Do run and bring me an axe'
908:
27:Polynesian language spoken in Tokelau
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3053:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3015:
2231:
2044:TA be-soon COMP sit DIR DET star DEM
1965:
1890:
1816:
1749:
1677:COMP:complementizer TA:tense/aspect
917:
3179:
1859:
1767:
1727:
24:
4173:? indicates classification dispute
3197:
3164:
2924:The Linguistics Student's Handbook
2888:
2836:i nā aho iēnā nae hē lahi nā kāiga
2258:My grandmother lives in Nukunonu.
2146:argument subject {case complement}
2111:argument {case complement} subject
2013:
1777:
802:/s/ may occur in Samoan loanwords.
85:2,500 in New Zealand (2013 census)
25:
4231:
4210:Endangered Austronesian languages
3346:
3069:
3063:Victoria University of Wellington
3044:
3012:
2969:Journal of the Polynesian Society
2929:
841:, albeit using only 15 letters:
780:
764:
754:
746:
738:
722:
715:
708:
689:
682:
675:
612:
605:
584:
577:
563:
556:
539:
532:
518:
511:
111:Central–Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
3360:
3351:
2965:"The Tokelau language 1841-1991"
2908:
2775:
397:Tokelauan language documentation
317:
207:
4215:Endangered languages of Oceania
3282:
3158:Tokelau A History of Government
2215:Affinities with other languages
1583:There are four main classes of
796:
389:; the two maintain a degree of
3421:Federated States of Micronesia
3149:
3059:"Ethnology of Tokelau Islands"
2987:
2916:
1947:TA necessary COMP make a house
1671:
1571:, the article that follows is
13:
1:
4220:Severely endangered languages
3359:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2881:
2831:'he/she is a kinsman of mine'
1695:
1578:
1498:English: Are there any books?
4170:* indicates proposed status
2790:Hawaiian-type kinship system
1506:
1464:Vili ake oi k'aumai nā nofoa
974:The pastor is in the church.
837:Tokelauan is written in the
83:1,200 in Tokelau (2020)
7:
4082:Futuna-Aniwa (West Futunan)
3244:Studies in Tokelauan Syntax
3191:Studies in Tokelauan syntax
3038:Studies in Tokelauan syntax
2864:
2255:Ko toku nena e i Nukunonu.
2071:
1408:Vili ake oi k'aumai he toki
1327:
10:
4236:
2336:
828:often mistakenly heard as
4165:
4124:
4059:
3980:
3951:
3898:
3887:
3878:
3850:
3843:
3817:
3813:
3807:Central Pacific languages
3765:New Zealand Sign Language
3757:
3737:
3721:
3690:
3669:
3662:
3639:
3512:
3489:
3408:
3310:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2784:terms are used to define
1662:ātaeao - tomorrow morning
1482:English: 'Cows eat grass'
1340:. The usage for the word
1063:
1043:
1011:
1005:
992:
967:E i te faleha te faifeau.
464:
459:
454:
452:
443:Phonology and orthography
287:
275:
259:
243:
225:
220:
202:Official language in
200:
195:
116:Eastern Malayo-Polynesian
89:
77:
67:
44:
37:
32:
3572:Northern Mariana Islands
3274:Sharples, Peter (1976).
2795:
2708:Tokeualuan (Fuainūmela)
1622:koi - present continuous
1239:NON-SPECIFIC/INDEFINITE
3537:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
3141:Simona, Ropati (1986).
2605:Tokelauan (Fuainūmela)
2480:Tokelauan (Fuainūmela)
2344:Tokelauan (Fuainūmela)
2330:The food is delicious.
1795:na maua lava te vaiaho.
1791:Ko taku fakatatau lava
1107:toku, taku, tota, tata
966:
955:
927:
830:
824:
817:
811:
125:Central–Eastern Oceanic
4077:Futunan (East Futunan)
4067:Wallisian (East Uvean)
3830:Namosi-Naitasiri-Serua
3242:Hooper, Robin (1993).
3189:Hooper, Robin (1994).
3171:Glenn, Akiemi (2012).
3036:Hooper, Robin (1994).
2828:ko īa he kāiga e o oku
2763:Lima te afe / Limaafe
2741:Tolu te afe / Toluafe
2136:mai te fale i te auala
2093:mai te fale i te auala
2041:nofo mai te fetū tēia.
1477:Ko te povi e kai mutia
633:is a horizontal line.
391:mutual intelligibility
3515:and other territories
3402:Languages of Oceania
3156:Angelo, Tony (2008).
2848:Language endangerment
2327:Te malie o te meakai
2263:Malo ni, ea mai koe?
1625:Koi ola - still alive
1603:Tona vaka - his canoe
4205:Languages of Tokelau
3663:Indigenous languages
3633:Realm of New Zealand
3330:www.encyclopedia.com
2941:www.everyculture.com
2922:Laurie Bauer, 2007,
2823:'we two are related'
2810:Tokelauan language,
2730:Lua te afe / Luaafe
2266:Hello, how are you?
641:Consonant inventory
406:Tokelauan background
134:East Central Pacific
3652:New Zealand English
3278:. pp. 246–248.
2355:Hēai / Helo / Kole
2303:E fakafeiloaki atu
2274:What is your name?
1656:ananafi - yesterday
1319:ni oulua, ni aulua
1308:ni a ma, ni a maua
1293:ni a ta, ni a taua
1229:to latou, ta latau
1207:to matou, ta matou
1196:to tatou, ta tatou
1110:oku, aku, ota, ata
1096:Singular reference
983:Possessive pronouns
947:Locative Predicates
642:
449:
352:Polynesian language
4028:Rakahanga-Manihiki
4023:Cook Islands Māori
3713:Rakahanga-Manihiki
3698:Cook Islands Māori
3143:Tokelau Dictionary
2752:Fā te afe / Fāafe
2250:Shall I come too?
2222:Niuafo'ou language
1306:ni o ma, ni o maua
1291:ni o ta, ni o taue
909:Types of sentences
640:
447:
432:D'Wolf or Bowditch
366:and is related to
143:Nuclear Polynesian
4187:
4186:
4161:
4160:
4157:
4156:
4153:
4152:
4120:
4119:
3773:
3772:
3753:
3752:
3677:New Zealand Māori
3595:
3594:
3587:Wallis and Futuna
3532:Clipperton Island
3490:Associated states
2906:(25th ed., 2022)
2858:heritage language
2773:
2772:
2719:Tahi te afe /Afe
2703:
2702:
2600:
2599:
2475:
2474:
2334:
2333:
2232:Words and phrases
1619:ka fano - will go
1323:
1322:
1232:o latou, a latou
1210:o matou, a matou
1199:o tatou, a tatou
1099:Plural reference
1083:
1082:
918:Verbal Predicates
792:
791:
744:⟨f⟩
695:⟨g⟩
627:
626:
618:⟨ā⟩
590:⟨ō⟩
569:⟨ē⟩
545:⟨ū⟩
524:⟨ī⟩
310:
309:
106:Malayo-Polynesian
16:(Redirected from
4227:
4200:Samoic languages
3896:
3895:
3885:
3884:
3848:
3847:
3815:
3814:
3800:
3793:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3667:
3666:
3622:
3615:
3608:
3599:
3598:
3577:Pitcairn Islands
3547:French Polynesia
3527:Christmas Island
3456:Papua New Guinea
3436:Marshall Islands
3409:Sovereign states
3395:
3388:
3381:
3372:
3371:
3364:
3355:
3340:
3339:
3337:
3336:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3309:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3286:
3280:
3279:
3271:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3239:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3201:
3195:
3194:
3186:
3177:
3176:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3153:
3147:
3146:
3138:
3067:
3066:
3055:
3042:
3041:
3033:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2999:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2960:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2933:
2927:
2920:
2914:
2913:
2912:
2895:
2876:Nukuoro language
2705:
2704:
2602:
2601:
2477:
2476:
2341:
2340:
2236:
2235:
2033:
2015:
2005:
1987:
1967:
1912:
1892:
1861:
1851:
1847:
1818:
1779:
1769:
1751:
1741:
1729:
1711:
1707:
1697:
1090:
1089:
990:
989:
978:
975:
972:
969:
960:
958:
939:
936:
935:She/he has gone.
933:
930:
833:
827:
820:
814:
803:
800:
784:
768:
758:
750:
745:
742:
726:
719:
712:
696:
693:
686:
679:
643:
639:
619:
616:
609:
591:
588:
581:
570:
567:
560:
546:
543:
536:
525:
522:
515:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
450:
448:Vowel inventory
446:
428:Duke of Clarence
349:
348:
345:
344:
341:
338:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
304:
292:
271:
255:
248:
239:
238:
230:
213:
211:
210:
95:
30:
29:
21:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4229:
4228:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4190:
4189:
4188:
4183:
4182:
4149:
4116:
4055:
3976:
3947:
3890:
3874:
3839:
3809:
3804:
3774:
3769:
3749:
3733:
3717:
3686:
3658:
3635:
3626:
3596:
3591:
3514:
3508:
3491:
3485:
3466:Solomon Islands
3404:
3399:
3349:
3344:
3343:
3334:
3332:
3324:
3323:
3319:
3303:
3302:
3295:
3293:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3272:
3261:
3240:
3219:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3187:
3180:
3169:
3165:
3154:
3150:
3139:
3070:
3057:
3056:
3045:
3034:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2978:
2976:
2961:
2954:
2945:
2943:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2921:
2917:
2907:
2896:
2889:
2884:
2867:
2850:
2798:
2778:
2744:Three Thousand
2339:
2271:Ko ai tō igoa?
2234:
2217:
2212:
2199:
2188:
2177:
2166:
2153:Case scramble:
2151:
2141:
2139:case complement
2133:
2125:
2116:
2106:
2098:
2096:case complement
2090:
2080:Subject shift:
2074:
2049:
2035:
2025:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1989:
1977:
1969:
1959:
1952:
1938:
1930:
1922:
1914:
1902:
1894:
1884:
1877:
1863:
1853:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1810:
1803:
1789:
1781:
1771:
1761:
1753:
1743:
1731:
1721:
1713:
1699:
1689:
1679:
1674:
1659:āpō - yesterday
1600:He loi - an ant
1581:
1509:
1493:E i ei ni tuhi?
1454:exception, and
1392:Kua hau te tino
1330:
1316:houlua, haulua
1307:
1303:ha ma, ha maua
1302:
1292:
1288:ha ta, ha taua
1287:
1278:ni ona, ni ana
1255:
1250:
1218:toutou, tautau
1204:1 plural excl.
1193:1 plural incl.
1187:
1183:ta la, ta laue
1182:
1170:toulua, taulua
1161:
1157:ta ma, ta maua
1156:
1146:
1142:ta ta, ta taue
1141:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1038:
1034:a maua, a ma a
1033:
1023:
1018:
1013:
985:
976:
973:
970:
952:
949:
937:
934:
931:
920:
911:
807:
806:
801:
797:
743:
694:
617:
589:
568:
544:
523:
499:
494:
489:
484:
479:
472:
445:
408:
399:
320:
316:
306:
305:
295:
267:
251:
244:
234:
233:
226:
208:
206:
203:
196:Official status
191:
130:Central Pacific
96:
93:Language family
91:
84:
80:
79:Native speakers
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4233:
4223:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4185:
4184:
4181:
4180:
4178:extinct status
4174:
4171:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4147:
4141:
4136:
4130:
4128:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4063:
4061:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3984:
3982:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3974:
3968:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3945:
3940:
3935:
3933:Kapingamarangi
3930:
3925:
3920:
3915:
3910:
3905:
3899:
3893:
3882:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3841:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3835:Western Fijian
3832:
3827:
3821:
3819:
3811:
3810:
3803:
3802:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3758:Sign languages
3755:
3754:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3694:
3692:
3688:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3679:
3673:
3671:
3664:
3660:
3659:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3643:
3641:
3640:Major language
3637:
3636:
3625:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3602:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3567:Norfolk Island
3564:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3522:American Samoa
3518:
3516:
3510:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3492:of New Zealand
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3405:
3398:
3397:
3390:
3383:
3375:
3348:
3347:External links
3345:
3342:
3341:
3317:
3281:
3259:
3217:
3196:
3178:
3163:
3148:
3068:
3043:
3011:
2986:
2952:
2928:
2915:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2866:
2863:
2849:
2846:
2841:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2797:
2794:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2766:Five Thousand
2764:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2755:Four Thousand
2753:
2749:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2701:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2690:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2609:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2594:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2576:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2484:
2481:
2473:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2455:
2451:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2407:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2396:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2370:
2367:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2352:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2324:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2312:
2308:
2307:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2267:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2251:
2248:
2247:Fanatu au là?
2244:
2243:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2216:
2213:
2189:
2178:
2167:
2156:
2155:
2134:
2126:
2118:
2117:
2099:
2091:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2037:Kuo toeitiiti
2026:
2018:
2008:
1998:
1990:
1978:
1970:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1903:
1895:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1854:
1837:
1829:
1821:
1811:
1808:
1807:
1782:
1772:
1762:
1754:
1744:
1732:
1722:
1714:
1700:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1642:lalo - beneath
1640:
1631:
1630:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1605:
1604:
1601:
1580:
1577:
1508:
1505:
1501:
1500:
1495:
1488:
1487:
1484:
1479:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1329:
1326:
1321:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1301:ho ma, ho maua
1299:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1286:ho ta, ho taua
1284:
1280:
1279:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1254:ni oku, ni ota
1252:
1247:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1205:
1201:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1190:
1189:
1184:
1181:to la, to laue
1179:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1164:
1163:
1158:
1155:to ma, to maua
1153:
1149:
1148:
1143:
1140:to ta, to taua
1138:
1134:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1032:o maua, o ma o
1030:
1026:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1014:a aku, a kite
1010:
1007:
1003:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
984:
981:
980:
979:
948:
945:
941:
940:
919:
916:
910:
907:
805:
804:
794:
793:
790:
789:
787:
785:
778:
776:
770:
769:
762:
760:
751:
736:
730:
729:
727:
720:
713:
706:
700:
699:
697:
687:
680:
673:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
625:
624:
622:
620:
610:
603:
601:
599:
593:
592:
582:
575:
573:
571:
561:
554:
548:
547:
537:
530:
528:
526:
516:
509:
503:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
469:
468:
463:
458:
453:
444:
441:
407:
404:
398:
395:
378:Loimata Iupati
308:
307:
294:
293:
285:
284:
279:
273:
272:
265:
257:
256:
249:
241:
240:
231:
223:
222:
221:Language codes
218:
217:
204:
201:
198:
197:
193:
192:
190:
189:
188:
187:
186:
185:
184:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
170:
169:
168:
167:
166:
165:
99:
97:
90:
87:
86:
81:
78:
75:
74:
69:
65:
64:
57:American Samoa
46:
45:Native to
42:
41:
39:gagana Tokelau
35:
34:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4232:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4179:
4175:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4164:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4131:
4129:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4052:
4049:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3979:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3950:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3924:
3921:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3911:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3846:
3842:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3801:
3796:
3794:
3789:
3787:
3782:
3781:
3778:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3746:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3720:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3695:
3693:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3674:
3672:
3668:
3665:
3661:
3653:
3650:
3649:
3648:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3634:
3630:
3623:
3618:
3616:
3611:
3609:
3604:
3603:
3600:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3562:New Caledonia
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Easter Island
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3519:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3488:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3396:
3391:
3389:
3384:
3382:
3377:
3376:
3373:
3369:
3368:at Wikibooks
3367:
3363:
3358:
3354:
3331:
3327:
3321:
3313:
3307:
3291:
3285:
3277:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3254:
3249:
3245:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3232:
3230:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3222:
3206:
3200:
3192:
3185:
3183:
3174:
3167:
3159:
3152:
3144:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3129:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3099:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3064:
3060:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
2996:
2990:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2959:
2957:
2942:
2938:
2932:
2925:
2919:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2892:
2887:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2845:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2820:e kāiga ki mā
2817:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2776:Kinship terms
2768:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2735:
2733:Two Thousand
2732:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2722:One Thousand
2721:
2718:
2717:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2680:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2603:
2595:
2592:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2581:
2578:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2512:
2511:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2479:
2478:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2430:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2412:
2409:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2386:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2364:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2329:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2310:
2309:
2306:We greet you
2305:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2295:Ulu tonu mai
2294:
2293:
2289:
2286:
2285:
2281:
2279:Fakafeiloaki
2278:
2277:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2229:
2227:
2223:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2176:
2173:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2132:
2129:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2097:
2094:
2089:
2086:
2081:
2078:
2066:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1982:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1937:
1934:
1929:
1926:
1921:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1907:
1901:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1880:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:Kua fiu foki
1862:
1857:
1852:
1843:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1827:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1806:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1788:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1736:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1669:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1652:
1647:
1645:loto - inside
1644:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1576:
1574:
1570:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1504:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1459:
1458:are as such:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1387:
1386:are as such:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1325:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1305:
1300:
1298:1 dual excl.
1297:
1296:
1290:
1285:
1283:1 dual incl.
1282:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:niaku, niata
1253:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1221:outou, autou
1220:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1185:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1173:oulua, aulua
1172:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1162:a ma, a maua
1159:
1154:
1152:1 dual excl.
1151:
1150:
1147:a ta, a taua
1144:
1139:
1137:1 dual incl.
1136:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1076:
1074:a laua, a la
1071:
1066:
1062:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1021:
1019:a taua, a ta
1016:
1012:o oku, o kita
1008:
1004:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
968:
964:
963:
962:
957:
944:
929:
925:
924:
923:
915:
906:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
832:
826:
819:
813:
799:
795:
788:
786:
783:
779:
777:
775:
772:
771:
767:
763:
761:
757:
752:
749:
741:
737:
735:
732:
731:
728:
725:
721:
718:
714:
711:
707:
705:
702:
701:
698:
692:
688:
685:
681:
678:
674:
672:
669:
668:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
644:
638:
634:
632:
623:
621:
615:
611:
608:
604:
602:
600:
598:
595:
594:
587:
583:
580:
576:
574:
572:
566:
562:
559:
555:
553:
550:
549:
542:
538:
535:
531:
529:
527:
521:
517:
514:
510:
508:
505:
504:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
475:
471:
470:
467:
462:
457:
451:
440:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
403:
394:
392:
388:
383:
379:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:Swains Island
357:
353:
347:
314:
302:
299:
291:
286:
283:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
264:
263:
258:
254:
250:
247:
242:
237:
232:
229:
224:
219:
216:
205:
199:
194:
164:
161:
160:
158:
155:
154:
152:
151:
149:
146:
145:
144:
141:
140:
139:
136:
135:
133:
132:
131:
128:
127:
126:
123:
122:
121:
118:
117:
115:
114:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
103:
102:
98:
94:
88:
82:
76:
73:
70:
66:
62:
61:United States
58:
54:
53:Swains Island
50:
47:
43:
40:
36:
31:
19:
4176:† indicates
3971:Niuatoputapu
3965:
3744:
3691:Cook Islands
3513:Dependencies
3499:Cook Islands
3350:
3333:. Retrieved
3329:
3320:
3294:. Retrieved
3284:
3275:
3243:
3208:. Retrieved
3199:
3190:
3172:
3166:
3157:
3151:
3142:
3062:
3037:
3002:. Retrieved
2989:
2977:. Retrieved
2975:(4): 343-372
2972:
2968:
2944:. Retrieved
2940:
2931:
2923:
2918:
2901:
2851:
2842:
2835:
2834:
2827:
2826:
2819:
2818:
2811:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2780:The Tokelau
2779:
2696:One Hundred
2218:
2209:
2206:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2194:i te hiipuni
2193:
2191:i te hiipuni
2190:
2186:i te hiipuni
2185:
2182:
2179:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2130:
2127:
2122:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2092:
2087:
2084:
2079:
2075:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2002:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1944:fai he fale.
1941:
1939:
1935:
1932:
1927:
1924:
1919:
1916:
1909:
1905:
1904:
1899:
1896:
1889:
1886:
1878:
1874:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1855:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1833:
1830:
1825:
1822:
1815:
1812:
1804:
1800:
1797:
1792:
1790:
1786:
1783:
1776:
1773:
1766:
1763:
1758:
1755:
1748:
1745:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1726:
1723:
1718:
1715:
1704:
1701:
1694:
1691:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1667:
1639:luga - above
1582:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1510:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1481:
1476:
1468:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1419:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1324:
1267:ni o, ni au
1188:a la a laua
1186:o la, o laua
1160:o ma, o maua
1145:o ta, o taue
1086:
1084:
1072:o laua, o la
1017:o taua, o ta
986:
951:Preposition
950:
942:
921:
912:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
839:Latin script
836:
808:
798:
635:
628:
436:Austronesian
424:Duke of York
409:
400:
376:
312:
311:
260:
162:
101:Austronesian
38:
3913:Ontong Java
3670:New Zealand
3446:New Zealand
3296:16 November
3210:January 25,
3205:"Tokelauen"
3004:16 November
2979:16 November
2926:, Edinburgh
2671:Valuhefulu
2660:Fituhefulu
2638:Limahefulu
2616:Toluhefulu
2568:Hefuluvalu
2557:Hefulufitu
2535:Hefululima
2513:Hefulutolu
2491:Hefulutahi
1672:Complements
1616:ka - future
1491:Tokelauan:
1475:Tokelauan:
1462:Tokelauan:
1418:The use of
1406:Tokelauan:
1390:Tokelauan:
1275:hona, hana
1272:3 singular
1261:2 singular
1251:haku, hata
1246:1 singular
1129:tona, tana
1126:3 singular
1115:2 singular
1104:1 singular
1064:3rd person
1049:a au/a koe
1044:2nd person
1006:1st person
372:New Zealand
159:–Tokelauan?
150:or Ellicean
4194:Categories
4097:Rennellese
4072:West Uvean
3998:Mangarevan
3891:Polynesian
3880:Polynesian
3335:2017-03-02
2946:2017-02-28
2903:Ethnologue
2882:References
2803:holi kāiga
2682:Ivahefulu
2649:Onohefulu
2590:Luahefulu
2579:Hefuluiva
2560:Seventeen
2546:Hefuluono
2502:Hefululua
2314:Thank you
2311:Fakafetai
2282:Greetings
2239:Tokelauan
1940:Kua tatau
1869:-iru-au a!
1579:Morphology
1249:hoku, hota
1093:Possessor
1047:o ou/o koe
354:spoken in
153:Pukapukic?
138:Polynesian
72:Tokelauans
4144:Niuafo'ou
4107:Mele-Fila
4087:Pukapukan
4033:Tongareva
4018:Tuamotuan
3993:Marquesan
3966:Tokelauan
3943:Pukapukan
3870:Lomaiviti
3745:Tokelauan
3708:Pukapukan
3629:Languages
3416:Australia
3366:Tokelauan
3357:Tokelauan
3253:2292/2292
2898:Tokelauan
2627:Fāhefulu
2582:Nineteen
2571:Eighteen
2527:Fourteen
2524:Hefulufā
2516:Thirteen
2322:Good bye
2287:Mālo ni!
2120:na havali
2085:na havali
1972:toeitiiti
1900:necessary
1716:fakatatau
1507:Particles
1226:3 plural
1215:2 plural
1132:ona, ana
1059:a koutou
1054:a koulua
995:Singular
928:Kua fano.
734:Fricative
313:Tokelauan
282:Tokelauan
262:Glottolog
246:ISO 639-3
228:ISO 639-2
163:Tokelauan
68:Ethnicity
33:Tokelauan
18:Tokelauan
4051:Rapa Nui
4003:Tahitian
3988:Hawaiian
3918:Nukumanu
3908:Sikaiana
3903:Tuvaluan
3860:Gone Dau
3431:Kiribati
3306:cite web
2865:See also
2711:English
2663:Seventy
2608:English
2549:Sixteen
2538:Fifteen
2483:English
2347:English
2319:Tōfā ni
2298:Welcome
2242:English
2128:te teine
2123:argument
2101:te teine
2088:argument
2072:Shifting
1634:Locative
1519:(or ā),
1328:Articles
1264:ho, hau
1118:to, tau
1079:a latou
1057:o koutou
1052:o koulua
1024:a tatou
959:⟩
953:⟨
654:Alveolar
416:Nukunonu
364:Tuvaluan
269:toke1240
4146: ?
4102:Tikopia
4060:Futunic
4043:Moriori
4008:Austral
3981:Eastern
3938:Nukuoro
3928:Nuguria
3889:Nuclear
3825:Rotuman
3738:Tokelau
3703:Penrhyn
3682:Moriori
3647:English
3631:of the
3582:Tokelau
3481:Vanuatu
2854:English
2782:kinship
2714:Number
2685:Ninety
2674:Eighty
2619:Thirty
2611:Number
2593:Twenty
2505:Twelve
2494:Eleven
2486:Number
2465:Hefulu
2350:Number
2337:Numbers
2131:subject
2104:subject
1975:be-soon
1848:-drink-
1842:-iru-au
1784:vaiaho.
1585:lexemes
1313:2 dual
1178:3 dual
1167:2 dual
1077:o latou
1022:o tatou
1001:Plural
774:Lateral
704:Plosive
664:Glottal
461:Central
420:Fakaofo
356:Tokelau
350:) is a
215:Tokelau
120:Oceanic
49:Tokelau
4139:Niuean
4134:Tongan
4126:Tongic
3961:Samoan
3953:Samoic
3855:Fijian
3729:Niuean
3557:Hawaii
3476:Tuvalu
2786:family
2693:Helau
2652:Sixty
2641:Fifty
2630:Forty
2446:Eight
2435:Seven
2391:Three
2290:Hello
2197:te ika
2183:te ika
2169:te ika
2164:na kai
2161:na kai
2158:na kai
2061:Givón)
2057:Givón)
1860:EXCLAM
1834:indeed
1826:fed-up
1759:obtain
1523:, and
1121:o, au
1069:a ona
1039:matou
897:, and
649:Labial
631:macron
430:, and
418:, and
387:Samoan
368:Samoan
303:(2010)
298:UNESCO
212:
157:Samoan
148:Samoic
4092:Anuta
4038:Māori
3923:Takuu
3865:Lauan
3471:Tonga
3461:Samoa
3451:Palau
3441:Nauru
2998:(PDF)
2812:Kāiga
2807:Kāiga
2796:Terms
2769:5000
2758:4000
2747:3000
2736:2000
2725:1000
2457:Nine
2443:Valu
2432:Fitu
2413:Five
2410:Lima
2402:Four
2388:Tolu
2366:Tahi
2358:Zero
2226:Tonga
2028:tēia.
1936:house
1933:fale.
1897:tatau
1719:guess
1573:ia te
1543:, or
1525:ia te
1067:o ona
1037:matou
1029:excl
1009:incl
998:Dual
671:Nasal
659:Velar
495:short
485:short
474:short
456:Front
412:Atafu
382:Bible
4112:Emae
4013:Rapa
3844:East
3818:West
3722:Niue
3552:Guam
3504:Niue
3426:Fiji
3312:link
3298:2020
3212:2017
3006:2020
2981:2020
2699:100
2468:Ten
2454:Iva
2424:Six
2421:Ono
2380:Two
2377:Lua
2369:One
2180:e au
2175:e au
2172:e au
2023:star
2020:fetū
1992:nofo
1986:COMP
1920:make
1911:COMP
1846:COMP
1831:foki
1787:week
1764:lava
1756:maua
1740:COMP
1724:lava
1710:POSS
1702:taku
1611:Verb
1592:Noun
1557:a te
1521:a te
1450:, a
1422:and
1382:and
1338:a/an
1336:and
831:higi
825:hiki
818:tofa
815:and
812:toha
507:High
500:long
490:long
480:long
466:Back
3248:hdl
2973:101
2900:at
2688:90
2677:80
2666:70
2655:60
2644:50
2633:40
2622:30
2596:20
2585:19
2574:18
2563:17
2552:16
2541:15
2530:14
2519:13
2508:12
2497:11
2471:10
2399:Fā
2224:of
2032:DEM
2014:DET
2004:DIR
2000:mai
1995:sit
1962:Kuo
1958:ex:
1942:ono
1917:fai
1906:ono
1887:Kua
1883:ex:
1850:1sg
1823:fiu
1813:Kua
1809:ex:
1778:DET
1768:INT
1728:INT
1706:1sg
1696:TOP
1688:ex:
1569:mai
1563:or
1352:the
1347:the
1342:the
1334:the
597:Low
552:Mid
277:ELP
253:tkl
236:tkl
4196::
3328:.
3308:}}
3304:{{
3262:^
3220:^
3181:^
3071:^
3061:.
3046:^
3014:^
2971:.
2967:.
2955:^
2939:.
2890:^
2460:9
2449:8
2438:7
2427:6
2416:5
2405:4
2394:3
2383:2
2372:1
2361:0
2228:.
2039:oi
2010:te
1981:oi
1966:TA
1925:he
1891:TA
1867:ke
1856:a!
1840:ke
1817:TA
1793:pe
1774:te
1750:TA
1746:na
1735:pe
1692:Ko
1575:.
1565:ki
1549:ia
1545:ko
1539:,
1535:,
1529:ia
1515:,
1513:ia
1456:ni
1448:nā
1444:ni
1440:nā
1432:nā
1428:nā
1424:te
1420:he
1384:he
1380:te
1376:he
1372:he
1368:he
1364:he
1356:te
901:.
893:,
889:,
885:,
881:,
877:,
873:,
869:,
865:,
861:,
857:,
853:,
849:,
845:,
759:)
614:aː
586:oː
565:eː
541:uː
520:iː
426:,
414:,
393:.
343:ən
340:aʊ
325:oʊ
59:,
51:,
4045:†
3973:†
3799:e
3792:t
3785:v
3621:e
3614:t
3607:v
3394:e
3387:t
3380:v
3338:.
3314:)
3300:.
3256:.
3250::
3214:.
3065:.
3008:.
2983:.
2949:.
1928:a
1708:.
1561:i
1553:a
1541:a
1537:o
1533:e
1517:a
1452:0
1436:0
1360:a
977:'
971:'
956:i
938:'
932:'
899:V
895:T
891:H
887:P
883:N
879:M
875:L
871:K
867:G
863:F
859:U
855:O
851:I
847:E
843:A
782:l
766:h
756:s
753:(
748:v
740:ɸ
724:k
717:t
710:p
691:ŋ
684:n
677:m
607:a
579:o
558:e
534:u
513:i
346:/
337:l
334:ˈ
331:ə
328:k
322:t
319:/
315:(
113:?
63:)
55:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
