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the tithe owner, the circumstances under which tithes were owed, and whether the apportionment was subject to an agreement between the parties, or was being imposed by the Crown. Most of the surveying and mapping was carried out by 1841, and the work was largely completed by 1851. In some cases amendments had to be filed when properties were divided or other circumstances intervened. The work was also complicated by numerous inconsistencies in the ways tithes were assessed. For example, timber might or might not include standing trees, branches, acorns, mast, and even charcoal. Variations as to the circumstances of tithe-paying were also considerable.
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sixth of the maps had seals. A map was produced for each "tithe district", that is, a region in which tithes were paid as a unit. These could be distinct from parishes or townships. Areas in which tithes had already been commuted were not mapped, so that coverage varied widely from county to county. The maps indicated parcels of land and buildings, assigning each a number.
43:. This act allowed tithes to be paid in cash rather than goods. The map and its accompanying schedule gave the names of all owners and occupiers of land in the parish. Individual tithe owners sometimes prepared maps for their own use to show who owned what land. These maps are sometimes also called tithe maps, although such maps are not common before 1836.
158:, it is possible to search the apportionments and view tithe maps. The black and white maps and apportionments that are online cover all that are available for England and Wales while there is an ongoing project by TheGenealogist to scan the originals in colour, some of which they have already made available.
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and an amending act in 1837 established a procedure whereby tithes could be converted to money payments. This required the drawing of an accurate map (the accuracy of which was certified by commissioners) showing all the land in the parish. The series of maps resulting from this legislation provides
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The initial intention was to produce maps of the highest possible quality, but the expense (incurred by the landowners) led to the provision that the accuracy of the maps would be testified by the seal of the commissioners, and only maps of suitable quality would be so sealed. In the end, about one
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Each map was accompanied by a schedule listing each map item by number. This showed the owners, occupiers and a description of the land in the parish including individual fields - sometimes with field names. (The description might be short: house and barn, arable, etc.) A preamble gave the name of
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maps in the late 19th century, tithe maps were frequently copied (in whole or part) for other purposes: for example in connection with planned railways, or as part of the title deeds transferred on a sale of land. More recently, tithe maps and apportionments have often been used for reference by
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Over time, in some parishes, the tithe owner came to an agreement with the tithe payers to receive cash instead of farm produce. This could be for a fixed period of time or indefinitely. During the period of
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Three copies of these maps and schedules were prepared: one copy was held centrally by the Tithe
Commissioners, one locally in the parish church and one in the diocesan registry.
73:. It originally supported the local priest, but in some cases the right to receive the tithe was acquired by an organisation such as a monastery or college, who paid a
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abolished tithes in many places in return for an allocation of land to the tithe owner. However, in many parishes, tithes continued to be paid in kind.
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who resented supporting the established church; and payment in kind was sometimes not convenient for either the farmer or the tithe owner.
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genealogists and other historical researchers. For many parishes they provide the only large scale map showing the landscape prior to the
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Most of the extant parish copies are now held at the county record office. The diocesan copies for most Welsh parishes are held in the
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154:(classes IR29 and IR30). In a partnership with The National Archives and a family history data website,
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The Tithe Maps of
England and Wales: A Cartographic Analysis and County-by-County Catalogue
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The payment in kind of one tenth of local produce to the church had been established in
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was built to hold the tithes. Tithes themselves were controversial, particularly among
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Enclosure maps, tithe maps, parochial assessment maps, local Board of Health maps
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An example of a complete tithe map. Parish of St. Woollos, Newport. 1845
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Welsh Tithe Maps - Places of Wales; Discover the tithe maps of Wales
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367:(Public Record Office Readers Guide No 9, PRO Publications, 1994)
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The maps and schedules held by the commissioners passed to the
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406:(List and Index Society; Volume I, 1971 and volume II, 1972)
178:, and they frequently provide the earliest evidence for the
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390:, by Roger J. P. Kain (Author), Richard R. Oliver (1995)
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Norfolk E-Map
Explorer - Historic tithe maps of Norfolk
328:"TNA research guide - How do I search for tithe maps?"
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448:Tithe Maps of Wales, National Library of Wales
411:Tithe & Other Records of Essex and Barking
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404:Inland Revenue; Tithe Maps and Apportionments
119:unprecedented coverage, detail and accuracy.
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39:parish or township, prepared following the
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303:"Tithe record search on TheGenealogist"
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461:: The Leeds Tithe Map Digital Resource
425:Historians Guide to Early British Maps
278:"The National Archives research guide"
399:(The Historical Association, undated)
377:(Blackfriars Press, reprinted 1977)
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31:is usually applied to a map of an
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420:(National Library of Wales, 1999)
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438:Cheshire's Tithe Maps Online
382:Tithe Surveys for Historians
380:Roger Kain and Hugh Prince,
375:Maps for the local historian
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413:(Essex Record Office, 2006)
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93:Conversion to cash payments
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116:Tithe Commutation Act 1836
110:Tithe Commutation Act 1836
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41:Tithe Commutation Act 1836
163:National Library of Wales
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402:List and Index Society,
418:The Tithe Maps of Wales
409:Herbert Hope Lockwood,
365:Maps for Family History
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100:parliamentary enclosure
146:) and are now held in
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332:The National Archives
282:The National Archives
176:Industrial Revolution
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142:(the predecessors of
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227:Kain and Prince, p.5
218:Kain and Prince, p.1
423:Helen Wallis (ed),
67:Anglo-Saxon England
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486:Landscape history
384:(Philimore, 2000)
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77:. With the
69:before the
470:Categories
267:Foot, p.20
198:References
192:Church tax
83:tithe barn
18:Tithe maps
476:Map types
240:in Wallis
29:tithe map
27:The term
337:7 August
312:7 August
287:7 August
186:See also
33:English
481:Tithes
75:curate
55:Tithes
258:Munby
61:Tithe
37:Welsh
339:2017
314:2017
289:2017
144:HMRC
134:Maps
114:The
165:at
152:Kew
150:at
35:or
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