Timeline of music in the United States (1880–1919)

4887:, are influential figures, who "are generally given credit for inventing the type of dance band which" dominates American popular music for the first half of the 20th century; they were among the earliest to "write separate music for the reed and brass sections, combining the higher and lower instruments in each section into choirs... for dancing rather than listening." Hickman was also probably the first to hire three saxophones, enabling the use of more complex and richer harmonies. 4729: 1976:; the song is a "landmark in American music history" and is a great commercial success, unprecedented for a black composer. It remains the most famous and popular piano rag, and "establishe(s) a model for classic ragtime that (will be) emulated by all rag composers interested in serious composition". Since its first publication, Maple Leaf Rag has never been out of print. 4650:. He will go on to pioneer the African American "master teacher" phenomenon, in which a public school teacher contributes an "enormous amount of time to developing the skills of talented young people". Smith becomes a local legend, and his students include many of the "leading jazz and concert artists" of the mid-20th century. 1112:

achieves wide recognition after his performance there, and will become the first African American violinist to conduct a transcontinental tour, and the first to tour as a concert violinist. The first Indonesian music performance in the United States is believed to occur at the Exposition. At the same

3146:

is passed to secure royalties for composers on the sale of recordings and public performances. It also required publishers of music to allow mechanical reproduction by anybody if they allow any individual to do so; furthermore, the law is the first in American history to intervene directly into the

4853:

believed it threatened the moral integrity of the armed forces; the result is an exodus of black musicians, who had played in the bars and clubs of Storyville, to cities like Memphis and Chicago. Many of the musicians are hired by Northern bands because their style was considered a novelty that is

3809:

on the basis that it was "probably too real to life" in its portrayal of "life among the humble Italians". The opera takes place in "the seamy side of Boston (which) Chadwick was the first to dramatize... musically and realistically". It is among the earliest American operas to present its subject

5100:, authorizes the creation of twenty additional bands for the duration of World War I. Pershing also increases the size of bands to allow for full instrumentation, setting the standard lineup for future military bands, relieves bandsmen of all non-musical duties, and establishes a band school at 2768:, used unusual noisemaking devices besides drummers. Unorthodox folk instruments are also used in place of the traditional brass and woodwind lineup. The group was the first to "introduce the concept of the 'singing band' to the entertainment world", and performed in a style now known as 992:, a white drummer and saxophonist from New Orleans, claims that he is the first to use the first saxophone in the proto-jazz bands of New Orleans. He is sometimes said to have formed the first ragtime band as well. Laine is considered one of the first white jazz musicians. 1177:

are primarily derived from European music. This will not be solved conclusively until the 1960s, when scholars showed that spirituals were "grounded in African-derived music values yet shaped into its distinctiveness as a direct result of the North American sociocultural

9059:

Sanjek, David and Will Straw, "The Music Industry", pgs. 256–267, in the Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Sanjek and Straw claim that this was the "first time in the country's history (that a) price for the use of a piece of private property was codified by federal

2456:, is the first black show on Broadway, and the "first with an all-black cast". Walker and Williams would go on to star in many major productions, and would "revolutionize black theater". Williams will become the first and most important African American performer in 906:

forms, with income from backers who pledged $ 1000 for each of three years. The backers formed an Orchestral Association, which hired a music director. Many cities subsequently used the same model, including Pittsburgh, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Cincinnati and

133:

George Upton's "Women in Music" is the "first of many articles and reviews by prominent male critics which sought to trivialize and undermine the achievements of what was considered an alarming number of new women composers in the realm of 'serious' classical

4569:

begins collecting Scottish and English folk songs in the southern Appalachian region, and is surprised to discover that the "cult of singing (British) traditional songs is far more alive than it is in England, or has been, for fifty years or

3014:, which "enlarged the scope of entertainment with every kind of extravagant presentation, including current topics, comedy routines, and of course, the ever-present gorgeous girls. It will "set the standard and (break) box-office records". 4415:

becomes the first published jazz arrangement. Morton, one of the first jazz pianists, will come to be regarded as "the first true jazz composer" in that he was probably the first to write down his jazz arrangements in musical notation.

2348:

begins a private career as a composer, forging a new style that was "radically forward-looking in style yet rooted in American musical traditions and celebrating American life." He will become the "most spectacular amateur in musical

3410:

spurs a wave of immigration, mostly to states with large Mexican populations, like Colorado and New Mexico; these immigrants bring with them contemporary Mexican culture and helped to revitalize the indigenous music of the Hispanic

3001:

The migration of Japanese-Hawaiians to the mainland United States is banned, preceding a ban on labor emigration in Japan, effectively isolating Japanese Americans on the mainland and in Hawaii, both from each other and from Japan

2890:

model until the late 1920s. The Victrola is also the first playback machine containing an internal horn. Victor also erects the world's largest illuminated billboard at the time, on Broadway in New York, to advertise the company's

2802:

Will H. Dixon was dubbed "The Original Dancing Conductor" by James Weldon Johnson, (Black Manhattan) circa. 1930. "The Memphis Students were the first band or orchestra to play jazz on a New York stage." a direct quote by

4795:

With the United States' entry into World War 1, warrior customs among the Plains Native Americans are briefly revived, as many ceremonies and rituals are allowed, after many years of being banned, for the duration of the

3580: 2693:

Most blues performers born before this year generally considered themselves musicians whose repertoire included a wide variety of musical styles; those born later will mostly view themselves as playing a distinct

3992:, a movement "identified with technology and the urban-industrial environment... "seeking to enlarge and enrich the domain of sounds in all categories". The foremost proponent of futurism in the United States is 1016:

typical of the time, which is said to be the most popular song of the decade, and the biggest hit of the century. It is interpolated into a play, and the sheet music is said to have sold more than five million

4758:

makes the first jazz recordings, though the white band's style is meant for white audiences with little awareness of African American music practices, and the band is unable to impress black audiences or jazz

3770: 8693:

Abel, pgs. 50–51; William Lewis Cabell, the United Confederate Veterans' Vice-President denounced it as sacrilegious onstage at the convention, while others voiced similar sentiments to the newsmagazine

5040:

is considered his "most original... most complex and ambitious work", and a "powerfully creative and consistently conceived work that (stands) as a peak for neo-Romantic expression in American music for

4219: 3957:, whose band becomes the first all-African American dance band to receive a commercial recording contract, recording "Down Home Rag" this year. Europe and the Castles are best known for introducing the 556:

establishes the reservation system and distributes land to Native American families, destroying the traditional social setup of many indigenous cultures, leading to a reduction in traditional music and

3429: 3728: 1886:

is the "first full-length musical play written and produced by blacks on Broadway", and the first black operetta in the modern syncopated style. It is a harbinger of a new style: the American

3713:; its publication creates "an unprecedented vogue" for blues-styled songs, and made Handy's band the most popular in Memphis. Earlier in the year, the first blues texts to be published were 935:

make it impossible to publish foreign music without payment to the original composer or publisher. This stimulates the establishment of American subsidiaries of foreign publishing companies.

3868: 2023: 4658: 4270: 3254: 518:

spiritual movement, which fused Christian (particularly Presbyterian and Mormon) teachings with those of Wovoka's father, Ta'vibo, which revolved around traditionalism and resurrection.

9517:

Crawford points out that this leads to dancing becoming an integral part of popular music in the United States, and that more than 100 new dances were introduced between 1912 and 1914.

2821: 539: 3616: 875:

Sam Jacks' Creole Burlesque Company opens in New York, and is a popular novelty act, unusual for a time in that the cast includes both men and women, and the show's format is more

2076:

begins touring, bucking "stereotypes of the time by showing that women could endure the rigors of touring life and lease enough paying customers to survive in the music business".

1049: 4039:

will sing at "all important occasions in Chicago that called for the participation of blacks" into the 1930s, when the duo's choruses attracted wide attention for their rivalry.

3114: 2496:

found the "first relatively permanent (African American) music publishing" company, in Chicago; it is also "probably the first black-owned music publishing company in history".

6651: 5018: 4174: 3895: 3880: 3857: 2895: 1573: 1334: 1229:

The massacres of numerous Armenians in Turkey leads to the first wave of large-scale Armenian immigration to the United States, and the beginning of Armenian American music.

471:

and soon becomes a fixture at the Silver Dollar Saloon, beginning his career which will put "his creative stamp on that great body of music that came to be known as classic

1609: 1247:

in New Orleans become the top dance bands of the era, and frequently competitive, both economically and in actual performances. These bands are a significant precursor of

4046: 3587: 3193: 2254:, dedicated to music by American composers using indigenous music. Its output will become "one of the most important documents of this period of American music history". 92: 4744: 3215: 2620: 1724: 80: 4587: 4445: 4364: 64: 4792:

rules that the "public performance of music contributed to the ability of an establishment to make profits even if no special admission was charged for that music".

4308:

The United States begins to become an "outpost where new European works were seldom heard into an important international center for the presentation of new music."

4124:

law on behalf of composers of music, specifically by collecting royalties from public performances of music. There are 170 charter members, of whom, six are black:

1453:

launches a string of forty successful operettas, several of which have become staples of the American repertoire and produced a "lasting heritage of popular songs".

4441: 3748: 3351: 2857:

trumpeters in that city. He will later turn down a recording contract, fearing it will make his music too easy to steal; the contract will instead be given to the

2646: 2206:

Steel strings for the guitar are introduced, making the instrument more easily heard in crowded and noisy settings, which helps the guitar spread across the South.

289:

greatly limits the immigration of Chinese people to the United States, amid a wave of anti-Chinese sentiment, leading to a reduction in Chinese musical practices.

10094: 5220: 4626: 2482: 1406:, specifically the songs of two Southern Arapaho men who were visiting Washington, D.C., Left Hand and Row of Lodges. Some of her previous research had inspired 5179: 4643: 4543: 4117: 2595:

convention caused an uproar and was denounced as sacrilege. Any hope of changing the words ended when the song's author, Daniel Emmett, died eleven days later.

2405: 2073: 59: 54: 40: 35: 5182:, becoming the most famous circus bandleader in the country, especially known for leading the other performers with one hand while simultaneously playing the 169:'s Twenty-Second Regimental Band becomes the first fully professional ensemble of any kind in the country to be engaged in performances full-time, year-round. 5051:

is the "most notable" of the Native American-themed operas then popular; it will run for eight shows in two seasons, setting a new American record for opera.

4388: 4209: 2278: 1791:'s "Harlem Rag", the first rag composed by an African American to be published, is also published in this year, and the first ragtime recordings are made by 3549:

song to not revolve around explicitly black lyrical themes. Berlin shifts to describing his work in this style as "syncopated", rather than "ragtime". His "

3462:

publishes the first of many gospel song collections that will quickly become a major part of the repertoire for African American churches across the nation.

4028: 3843: 2954: 1269: 521:

Several Swedish American choirs join together to form the Union of Scandinavian Singers, which becomes a major part of the Swedish American music industry.

4532:. He is the first to arrange a spiritual for solo voice, and is also credited with "starting the practice of closing recitals with a group of spirituals". 4266: 3853: 3648: 1796: 1784: 320:

Norwegian American choirs begin to form organizations, putting together festivals and other periodic gatherings to celebrate Norwegian culture and music.

84: 5223:

publishes three rags, "which are among the most demanding of all published piano ragtime": "New Era Rag", "Troubadour Rag" and "Pegasus: A Classic Rag".

3871:; these attract large, mixed-race audiences, and inspire other similar concerts in cities around the country. The most remarkable feature is the use of 461:

is credited with inventing the Hawaiian guitar, in which strings are melodically picked and stopped by a metal bar, with the guitar held across the lap.

5036: 4237: 3689: 3435: 3415: 3258: 3094: 3032: 2753: 2489: 1316: 96: 9069:

Clarke, pg. 229; Clarke says that this was the "first time in history that the government intervened directly between supplier and user of a product".

3091:

The first black bandmasters are appointed to the U.S. Army, for the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry and the Twenty-Fourth and Twenty-Fifth Infantry regiments.

5203: 4380: 4036: 3849: 3466: 3201: 2011: 1819: 1631: 1540: 475:". The Saloon is owned by John Turpin, an important patron of ragtime whose son, Thomas Million Turpin is known as the "Father of St. Louis Ragtime". 1590:

that lasts until World War I. The published version carries a caption, describing the second chorus, which is the "earliest association of the word

10477: 5058: 4961: 3640: 1986: 5072: 4577: 3783: 3758: 3243: 2972: 1733:, one of the productions that helped to establish the field of African American musical comedy. It is the first black show to appear on Broadway. 112: 108: 104: 100: 3147:

marketplace by setting a price for the use of private property, requiring payment of two cents to the copyright holder from the creator of each

10673: 3933: 3304: 2850: 2728: 1200:"; the subsequent controversy regarding the trial of Peter DeGraff for her murder leads to the song's spread across the state, so much so that 30: 203:

becomes an established theater owner on 14th Street in New York City, where he becomes the first person "to bid... for women customers in the

4141: 3970: 3801: 2323: 1900: 1360: 352: 9437: 7179:

Hardie, pg. 175; Hardie notes some doubt about Laine's claims, but acknowledges that Laine is a key figure in the transition to white jazz.

5657: 4125: 1002:. He and his band will be the most prominent and influential professional symphonic group at the peak of popularity for bands of that sort. 10462:

Preston, Katherine K.; Susan Key, Judith Tick, Frank J. Cipolla and Raoul F. Camus. "Snapshot: Four Views of Music in the United States".

4877:, forms his first band. He will play with a wealth of well-remembered recording artist, though he will only play on one record, from 1924. 3966: 3567:

moves away from a German Romantic style and towards a more free-form style that comes to include French, East Asian and other influences.

1330: 2764:. The show featured a '"dancing conductor", Will Dixon, who danced rhythms to keep the band performing tightly, and the band's drummer, 2552:, and hears a blues performance. This inspires his career, and is said to be the first documentation of actual blues and the use of the 207:", bringing that field out of "disreputable saloons" and transforming it "into decent entertainment that respectable women could enjoy". 5217:. Other songs, like "Drivin' Nails in My Coffin (Every Time I Drink a Bottle of Booze)" expressed support for the abolition of alcohol. 4319: 978:

in New York. He becomes a fierce advocate for cultural and musical nationalism, and is very interested in American music incorporating

775:

releases the first catalog of recordings, consisting of ten pages worth of cylinder recordings. The catalog is intended primarily for

5003:

is opened in Los Angeles, eventually becoming one of the premier avenues for Spanish language performances in the Western hemisphere.

4978:' "Mickey (Pretty Mickey)" is one of the first pieces of music written expressly for a film, for the movie of the same name starring 4854:

thought to increase an ensemble's commercial potential; the Northerners, however, tended to adopt the "hot", bluesy style themselves.

4323: 4157:

Dance is becoming a major part of social life in New York and other cities, while certain dancers become national symbols, including

1481: 975: 4486:

African Americans begin moving to northern cities, especially Chicago, in large numbers, bring with them their distinctive forms of

4253:

publishes "Carolina Shout", the song that will make him famous and launch his career as one of the big composers of Eastern ragtime.

4716: 7568: 4240:, a jazz cornetist, takes his Original Creole Orchestra to California, causing a popular sensation with his music, which he calls 3074:; he is lauded for "his energy, the command he brought to the podium, his demands for perfection, and his uncanny musical memory." 2965:

for Irish Americans and Canadians. It will be one of the preeminent Irish music venues in the country during the mid-20th century.

1558:. The Church is known in part for a "self-sufficient musical tradition without equal that consumes more than half of any service". 5241: 2470:

in New York. He will be the first internationally renowned performer to realize the full potential of audio recording technology.

4909:

More than 60,000 African Americans from Texas, Arkansas, Alabama, Louisiana and Texas move to Chicago, especially in the city's

1363:

forms a music publishing company, which will become one of the first to publish African American songwriters with great success.

4539: 3919: 3205: 3197: 2697:

The first large-scale Filipino immigration to the United States begins, thus beginning the Filipino American musical tradition.

21: 4095:

in New York opens, eventually becoming a music venue and cultural symbol of unparalleled importance in African American music.

159:

has his first hit with "We Sat Beneath the Maple on the Hill", making him the first African American songwriter to succeed in

5948: 5345: 4913:. The black population boom "ushered in the city's jazz age, widening the market for black musical entertainment", including 4154:", "the most widely popular and enduring commercial success of all blues songs" It will carry "the blues all over the world". 3265:

and other black theater owner-managers. It will become the primary booking agency for African American performers of the era.

2008:

becomes the most popular, and his works make a "marked impression on the American public, particularly in black communities".

10759: 7155: 3189: 3181: 1853: 1762: 3939:

Ragtime is a major part of a brief craze for social and ballroom dancing, which spurs the rise of two well-known dancers,

2321:" which becomes the first song composed by an American woman to sell 1 million copies. "I Love You Truly" appeared in her 3166: 2584: 1440:", which will be recording more than 150 times since 1897, making Lee the most prominent criminal in American folk music. 932: 431:

Japanese immigration to the United States increases considerably following the legalization of labor emigration in Japan.

3097:

composes "The Caissons Go Rolling Along", which, as "The Army Goes Rolling Along", will become the official song of the

10298: 9537:

Walton, Lester A.; White, L. H.; A. W. K; White, Lucien H. (1978). "Black Music Concerts in Carnegie Hall, 1912–1915".

4789: 4008: 2297: 1931: 1551: 924:

is built in New York City as a venue for classical performances. It will become the foremost concert stage in the city.

408: 73: 9931:

Cowdery, James R. and Anne Lederman, "Blurring the Boundaries of Social and Musical Identities", pgs. 322–333, in the

5061:

is the only African American military band of World War 1 sent on a special mission to perform for troops on leave in

4573:

The first Lithuanian American song festival is held, predating the first similar festival in Lithuania by eight years.

4550:, including "Heavenly Sunshine", "Something Within", "He Understands, He'll Say 'Well Done'" and "The King's Highway". 4355:

is held in San Francisco, and Hawaiian performances lead to unprecedented interest for Hawaiian music, as well as the

3782:, songs have been composed about the disaster, one being a ballad being sold by a black, seemingly blind, preacher to 10657: 6334: 6065: 6044: 5988: 5959: 5927: 5904: 5883: 5862: 5839: 5818: 5793: 5774: 5755: 5736: 5717: 5646: 5613: 5556: 5537: 5518: 5495: 5454: 5435: 5412: 5389: 5366: 5326: 5303: 5280: 4835: 4688: 3724:

Community dance halls begin to grow more common, as a number of new dances become a part of the American music scene.

3169:", a classical work using American indigenous musical themes, crosses over and becomes a surprise mainstream success. 4247:

Jewish American choirs begin springing up in urban areas across the country, many of them associated with socialism.

1692:

The first music festival celebrating Finnish American culture are organized by various Finnish temperance societies.

10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 5148: 2623:

is founded in San Francisco, becoming the first organization formed to promote Estonian music in the United States.

2388: 1498: 1457: 1173:

Philosopher Richard Wallaschek sparks the "origins" controversy when he puts forth the claim that African American

2602:

visits the United States, working with his future student, the "most influential composer and propagandist of the

488:

The Anglo-Canadian Music Publishers' Association is formed to protect the copyrights of European music publishers.

5021: 3128:

Sound recordings, along with photography and cinematography, are added to the Berne Convention, an international

1093: 236: 88: 4906:

The wind ensembles that have dominated local community bands since the Civil War begin to decline in importance.

1265:

The Standard Quartette of Chicago becomes the first commercial recording of an African American singing quartet.

341:

C. C. Perkins and J. S. Dwight publish the first history of a musical society in the United States, that of the

10769: 10764: 10098: 5145:

like "Jazz Me Blues", pop songs that were marketed as blues like "Wabash Blues", as well as actual blues songs.

4708: 4260: 4085: 3988:, "in which he (views) the evolution of modern music as parallel to that of industrial machinery", a basis for 3624:, which is "very likely the first grand opera to be composed, scored, and then conducted by an American woman". 2879: 2739: 2627: 2528: 2444: 2399: 2122:

becomes the first American woman composer to perform as a soloist on her own work, the Piano Concerto with the

1279: 1201: 4073:

forms a disc company, essentially conceding to the new format rather than his long-time business of cylinders.

2979:, intending to "reposition ragtime in the sheet music marketplace by playing down its African American roots." 1027:. He will become known for combining secular and sacred African American music with traditional Western opera. 5258:. It will become the oldest and most renowned jazz club in Cambridge, and the second-most in the Boston area. 5213:'s "You Cannot Make Your Shimmy Shake on Tea" is one of many songs from the era that expressed opposition to 4042: 3422: 3366:. Music historian Don Cusic has called Rodeheaver the first American chorister perceived as a ladies' man or 2167: 1276:

and other popular African American musicians, a "breakthrough" show in the history of African American music.

3594:

to create educational materials that could be sold alongside recordings, for the purpose of music education.

3384:, a ground-breaking publication that launched his career; he is shortly afterwards elected president of the 2304:

recordings, though the practice does not violate copyright due to a lack of protection for sound recordings.

1979:

The wildly popular "My Wild Irish Rose" continues the popular Irish song tradition within the United States.

789:

An era that has been called a "golden age" begins, centered around a group of composers in Boston including

380:-based periodical, is founded, soon becoming the primary trade paper for African American theatrical groups. 10114: 10106: 5810: 4755: 4704:

is home to the first contest for students on the memorization of recording works ("music memory contests").

4695: 4461: 4417: 3239: 2858: 2251: 2019: 1197: 4454:

begins a series of jazz-themed paintings that are a "definitive contribution to the early history of jazz.

3914:

is used in print for the first time, in San Francisco in reference to "speed and excitement" in a game of

3024:, a "definitive collection" of songs that "set the standard for all future musicologists in the study" of 868:, a Native American spiritual movement, of which music and dance were integral parts, is banned after the 9285: 8541:

Crawford, pg. 534; Crawford calls it the "first black-produced show to run at a regular Broadway theater"

8441: 6686:

Southern, pg. 324; Southern does not refer to any ambiguity in the year of Joplin's arrival in St. Louis.

5155:

into secret clubs and other establishments, many of which became associated with the developing genre of

4867: 4630:

is a popular work, the "first publication of a collection of gospel hymns written by a black songwriter".

4435: 3550: 2592: 2181: 1917: 886:

Samuel W. Cole leads what is probably the first high school production of a full oratorio in the country.

751:

Harriett Gibbs Marshall becomes the first African American woman to graduate with a degree in music from

4596:

comes to America. His subsequent work will mark "the crux of the Hebraic impact in America's art music".

3755:, the first "organized attempt" to showcase African American music for mainstream audiences in New York. 1787:'s "Louisiana Rag", published later in the year, is sometimes considered the first "genuine piano rag". 9850:

Crawford notes that the event was so controversial that it was still a topic of conversation among the

5114: 4975: 4935:

songwriters capitalize on the Hawaiian music fad, creating songs with thematic elements evoking Hawaii.

3796: 3480:(1862–1946) sells 25 million copies. Bond becomes America's first woman to make a living as a composer. 2449: 2369:

into her stage show, eventually becoming one of the most famous performers of the genre in the country.

2268: 1189: 903: 896: 798: 692:

is the first attempt at a history of "popular and the higher music education" in the country; it hails

3054: 1828:, a legendary, little-known bluesman, played the blues as early as this year. He will go on to mentor 9109: 5031: 4866:'s band makes some of the earliest major recordings by African American artists at a session for the 4468:

in Chicago; this dance orchestra was the first group to "formally introduce the music called jazz or

4448:

begins performing, soon making Lucas the best known of the "female leaders of syncopated orchestras".

4352: 4190: 4181: 3949: 3385: 2872: 2395: 2328: 2123: 2103: 1707: 1625: 1342: 1212: 811: 646: 631: 183: 9497:

Some authors, like Upkopodu, pg. 75, call "The Memphis Blues" the first published blues composition.

7711: 5172:

is a system of assessing musical aptitude that becomes widely adopted but also inspires controversy.

2649:

in Berlin. She will become the "first black woman to make a stir in the musical world as a pianist".

7972:

Southern, pg. 320; Southern specifies Jasen and Tichenor, pg. 17 as among the scholars referred to.

5575:

Heskes, Irene (Winter 1984). "Music as Social History: American Yiddish Theater Music, 1882–1920".

5255: 5048: 3162: 2987: 2539: 2144:. It becomes phenomenally successful, and would go on to employ many of the early African American 2137: 1639: 1142: 700: 435: 425: 342: 310: 6263:

Cockrell, Dale and Andrew M. Zinck, "Popular Music of the Parlor and Stage", pgs. 179–201, in the

5131:

is murdered; he becomes the first African American honored with a public funeral in New York City.

2778:

begins promoting a well-attended Annual Reception and Ball. She is the first major American woman

1909:

becomes a part of the United States, leading to the arrival of numerous immigrants and with them,

638:

of Britain, and dedicated to gathering and publishing the folk songs and stories of North America.

451:

begins one of the earliest collections of Spanish folk songs soon after he arrives in Los Angeles.

10779: 10774: 9434: 8479:

Bowers, Jane, Zoe C. Sherinian and Susan Fast, "Snapshot: Gendering Music", pgs. 103–115, in the

5661: 5011: 4846: 4785:

orchestras; these groups come to be seen as "role models" by similar groups in the United States.

4339: 4158: 3447: 2599: 2571: 1997: 1927:, "to achieve national distinction as a composer, arranger, and concert artist" begins composing. 1818:. Musicians gravitate there, and the area becomes a hotbed of innovation and a major part of the 1815: 1555: 1306: 448: 4781:

in Russia leads to political change, soon resulting in state support for professional, virtuoso

3918:. The word's first use to describe a genre of music this year as well, in the catalogue for the 2004:, inspiring him to create a collection of African-derived melodies, arranged for the piano. The 1628:. Beach will be accepted as the first American female "composer of significance" in the country. 5000: 4986: 4487: 4457: 4286: 4151: 4088:

opens in Miami, soon becoming one of the pre-eminent African American music venues in the area.

3738: 3362:. Rodeheaver will be the first gospel artist to record, and will found the first gospel label, 2607: 2507: 2258: 1521:, whose nominating committee praises him as "the greatest musical genius America has produced". 1445: 1302: 1215:, marking the first time that institution had performed the work of an American woman composer. 1020: 979: 836: 10461: 8635: 5010:

becomes the first African American to complete a master's degree education in music, from the

2591:", to make them more favorable to the Southern cause. The introduction of new versions at the 2116:'s "A Bird in a Gilded Cage" is released, becoming his "most famous and enduring" composition. 1309:

to live uptown, thus bringing them and their music into closer contact with African Americans.

1153: 971: 10649: 8448:. 2008-01-17. 45 minutes in. See also reference to "A Perfect Day" published by Bond in 1910 6307:

Chase, pg. 395 calls it the "first quasi-scientific treatise on North American Indian music".

5101: 4850: 4701: 4647: 4639: 4396: 4014: 3591: 3143: 3025: 3017: 3010: 2868: 2549: 2286: 2232: 2185: 2133: 2086: 1938: 1514: 1411: 1346: 1134: 1114: 1009: 983: 950: 869: 825: 652: 377: 286: 229: 225: 10285:

Haskins, Rob, "Orchestral and Chamber Music in the Twentieth Century", pgs. 173–178, in the

5916: 4636:

becomes one of the first African Americans to record, though the results are never released.

3557:

songwriters, and brings about a "brief revival of interest in (ragtime)" despite being the "

2659:

tube, a technical innovation that lays the groundwork for electrical technologies including

2359:. He will do "as much as anyone to shape the directions of musicology in the United States". 413: 10628: 9239: 7604: 5981:

Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World, Volume 1: Media, Industry and Society

4823: 4669: 4653: 4606:

in San Francisco, greatly improving distribution for Hawaiian music on the mainland, while

4583: 4558: 4223: 4137: 4077: 3813: 2995: 2836: 2828: 2285:

and the first African American collector of black folk songs, publishes, with his brother,

2099: 2001: 1969: 1910: 1396:, much of the population of which, at the time, was descended from African American slaves. 1182: 635: 239:

become the first black choir to perform at the White House, at the invitation of President

193:

music publishing company is established solely to publish popular music, then referring to

10734:

Songs of the Cowboys, by n. Howard ('Jack') Thorp: Variants, Commentary, Notes and Lexicon

4053:, who become the first African American dance band to make transcontinental tours, on the 3789:

Cyrus H. K. Curtis gives the first public recital of organ music in the United States, in

1299:, his technical innovations helping to spread the instrument throughout the United States. 8: 8696: 7608: 7600: 6075:

Ukpokodu, Peter (May 2000). "African American Males in Dance, Music, Theater, and Film".

5065:. The band performs throughout the area, and is very well received. The band popularizes 4910: 4771: 4633: 3962: 3762: 3542: 3495: 3225: 3152: 2864:

The first African American orchestra in the nation to be incorporated is in Philadelphia.

2636: 2521: 2356: 2311:- identify a brand name given to a series of recordings released by a particular company. 2236: 2095: 1858: 1720: 1714: 1665: 1518: 1273: 1130: 939: 850: 843: 726: 528: 478:

The Chicago Music Company releases the first opera by an American woman to be published,

468: 179: 10682: 10632: 5636: 5476: 5465: 4289:

becomes the first white jazz performer to leave New Orleans to make a career in Chicago.

2721:, a collection of songs that include "The Lone Prairee", which Farwell called the first 1993:

piece", and it will establish his career as one of the top composers of Eastern ragtime.

1941:

is founded. It will be the largest agency in the country by the end of the 20th century.

1100:

scene, led by patriarch Plunk Henry and exemplified in performance at the Exposition by

10667: 10471: 10408: 9851: 9554: 9408: 9003: 8623: 7699: 7572: 7346: 6055: 6023: 6015: 5694: 5592: 5424: 5378: 5356: 5315: 5292: 5128: 5109: 5054: 4883:, a San Francisco bandleader, publishes "Rose Room". Hickman and his pianist-arranger, 4778: 4736: 4621: 4170: 4081:

begins publishing information on the relative success of sheet music for various songs.

3954: 3806: 3744: 3673: 3575: 3516: 3477: 3407: 3396: 3392: 3325: 3317: 3293: 3185: 3104: 3071: 2922: 2832: 2814: 2785: 2757: 2664: 2603: 2527:

The first recordings of African American music - camp meeting shouts - are made by the

2477: 2467: 2416: 2314: 2171: 2056: 1863: 1729: 1586:'s "All Coons Look Alike to Me" is an immediate hit, and launches a fad for syncopated 1437: 1420: 1381: 1286: 1117:, is the first exposure to Middle Eastern culture for many Americans, while a group of 1086: 1023:

becomes the first African American to have an opera he wrote produced, his first work,

790: 607: 454:

M. Wittmark and Sons is formed to focus exclusively on publishing popular parlor music.

351:, who began preaching revelations the year before, is seen as being healed by his wife 335: 144: 1867:

are the first musicals "written, directed and performed by African American artists".

1436:

The murder of William Lyons by Lee Shelton in St. Louis will inspire a ballad called "

998:

forms a band that set a new standard for American professional bands, having left the

10721: 10653: 10642: 10559: 6061: 6040: 6027: 5984: 5944: 5938: 5923: 5900: 5894: 5879: 5873: 5858: 5851: 5835: 5829: 5814: 5804: 5789: 5770: 5751: 5732: 5713: 5642: 5609: 5552: 5533: 5514: 5491: 5450: 5431: 5408: 5385: 5362: 5341: 5322: 5299: 5276: 5270: 5194: 5190: 4895: 4807: 4803: 4799: 4517: 4513: 4495: 4431: 4412: 4401: 4297: 4201: 4185: 4129: 4110: 4018: 4004: 3926:) in New York, and in reference to US Army musicians "trained in ragtime and 'jazz'". 3839: 3734: 3710: 3706: 3483: 3453: 3313: 3262: 3219: 2947: 2779: 2613: 2535: 2301: 2188:; these festivals are a "major early stimulus" in the revival of Bach's compositions. 2041: 1973: 1924: 1681: 1389: 1350: 1338: 1218: 1174: 1157: 1030: 1005: 995: 954: 722: 595: 570: 524: 421: 298: 269: 262: 240: 156: 5507: 4503:

as chief editor, gives musicologists their first "specialized forum" in the country.

4198:

and other new elements; the premier scandalized the musical establishment of Boston.

2817:

testifies that the phonograph was discouraging Americans from performing themselves.

2752:

act that is the "first syncopated music concert in history". The performers are the

656:(1893), "regarded as a culmination of the long productive tradition of the dramatic 10605: 9546: 9293: 7338: 7056: 6084: 6007: 5686: 5584: 5401: 5097: 4408: 4250: 4227: 4133: 4027:

begins founding community groups in Chicago, and staging "mammoth concerts" at the

3929: 3681: 3621: 3459: 3425:

ceases to be a musician-run cooperative, and is taken over by a board of directors.

3388:. This collection is the first of American folk songs to be printed with the music. 3067: 3005: 2769: 2761: 2704: 2517: 2439: 2318: 2307:

The first paper label applied to recorded discs is released. Labels of this sort -

2119: 2113: 2069: 1893:

Music education is first introduced into the public school system of New York City.

1848: 1775:

copyrights "Mississippi Rag", the first "published piano piece to include the word

1615: 1407: 1283: 1193: 999: 772: 737: 313:

outlaws a wide range of Native American customs and rituals, having begun with the

278: 10610: 10593: 8606: 5707: 4580:, becoming one of the major institutions of the Ukrainian American music industry. 4404:, launches the idea of a written film score being a musical work in its own right. 3218:, one of the earliest ensembles in the country to gain recognition for performing 420:

The first "normal school for the preparation of music teachers" is established by

10240:

Clarke, pg. 72; Clarke says that Marable sole recording "is said to be terrible".

9441: 5251: 5226: 4813: 4607: 4375: 4256: 4166: 4050: 4032: 3835: 3790: 3685: 3611: 3564: 3532: 3363: 3047: 2976: 2934: 2912: 2846: 2775: 2700: 2632: 2577: 2499: 2423:

constitutes the first royalty agreement between a record company and a performer.

2373: 2282: 2272: 2228: 2218:, becomes the first piece of musical theatre to be recorded by its original cast. 2192: 1887: 1620: 1601: 1504: 1477: 1463: 1326: 1320: 1146: 1124: 1109: 989: 944: 752: 678: 671: 641: 574: 511: 292: 190: 166: 9506:

Bird, pg. 45, Bird says that Handy began publishing the "first commercial blues"

6088: 4774:; this is the "first major scholarly collection of the mountain people's music". 3456:

becomes the "first black pianist to make a transcontinental tour of the nation".

3446:

orchestra to the United States, inspiring a similar orchestra, supported by the

685:

in New York, establishing him as one of the most prominent composers of the era.

10506: 9855: 8301: 7544: 7329:

Caldwell Titcomb (Spring 1990). "Black String Musicians: Ascending the Scale".

6348:

Seeger, Anthony and Paul Théberg, "Technology and Media", pgs. 235–249, in the

5677:

Klitz, Brian (June 1989). "Blacks and Pre-Jazz Instrumental Music in America".

5530:

A Singing Ambivalence: American Immigrants Between Old World and New, 1830–1930

5152: 5080: 5076: 4965: 4938: 4842:

and is used by "more black vaudeville acts than any other song ever published".

4802:, one of the most prominent African American composers of his time, publishes " 4712: 4684: 4553: 4535: 4480: 4465: 4451: 4428:, for the song "Brown Skin, Who You For?", which he described as a "Jazz Song". 4335: 4162: 4092: 4057:

circuit. This band carries the "jazz of New Orleans to the rest of the nation".

3714: 3666: 3654: 3512: 3450:, to form in St. Louis, followed by Chicago and New York in the next two years. 3289: 3233: 3211: 3039: 2917: 2714: 2708: 2677: 2642: 2567: 2503: 2493: 2243: 1965: 1896: 1829: 1792: 1659: 1577: 1450: 1399: 1292: 1240: 1233: 1145:" will be chosen, "America the Beautiful" will be the other major option for a 1138: 1101: 1078: 943:

is first published; it can be considered one of the first examples of American

915: 794: 560: 217: 6582:

Campbell, Patricia Sheehan and Rita Klinger, "Learning", pgs. 274–287, in the

4884: 3296:

and others. Europe would go on to make it into a performing orchestra as well.

2929: 2824:

forms to connect theater managers and performers in the eastern United States.

2524:

company is a landmark of American early music performed on period instruments.

1474:) is one of the earliest, and possibly still the largest, electric instrument. 10753: 5230: 5210: 5165: 5134: 5062: 4979: 4954:

is founded in Harlem, soon becoming the most prominent jazz venuesof the era.

4932: 4926: 4500: 4331: 4070: 3981: 3940: 3752: 3637:

is the first of an African American "folk opera written by a black composer".

3554: 3538: 3528: 3247: 3043: 2958: 2765: 2732: 2687: 2682: 2652: 2463: 2453: 2420: 2352: 2264: 2215: 2129: 1772: 1605: 1525: 1082: 947:, as it consists of a single plot that the entire production revolves around. 921: 880: 858: 854: 847:

is a historical theatrical production, running for a record 657 performances.

832: 730: 458: 356: 160: 10302: 6096: 5974: 5606:

Women Composers and Music Technology in the United States: Crossing the Line

4483:.the most prominent African American music venue in Washington, D.C., opens. 4000:

this year; it is the first of his "anarchistic" and highly dissonant pieces.

3057:

opens in Chicago. As of 2009, it is the oldest extant nightclub in the city.

2616:

begins making the first recordings of Mexican American music, in California.

10110: 10102: 8055: 6730: 5748:

Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, Volume 3: The United States and Canada

5632: 5086: 4957: 4874: 4599: 4593: 4360: 4327: 4275: 3993: 3944: 3718: 3634: 3605: 3597: 3470: 3359: 3355: 3299: 3177: 3122: 3077: 2983: 2968: 2840: 2745: 2722: 2588: 2553: 2426: 2381: 2345: 2308: 2247: 2153: 2052: 1961: 1948: 1879: 1814:

New Orleans, led by Alderman Story, sets up a prostitution district called

1758: 1736: 1583: 1561: 1544: 1509: 1484: 1467: 1374: 1268:

The Black Extravaganza, an outdoor concert in New York City, featuring the

1244: 1105: 876: 802: 693: 611: 580: 507: 483: 464: 434:

The first summer training course for exclusively music teachers is held in

404: 362: 204: 194: 5075:

organizes the "first American competition for serious concert band work".

4860:, bandmaster of service bands during World War I composes "Tramping Tune". 2398:

becomes the first known African American group to record on disc, for the

2132:

organizes an African American theater touring company, initially based in

707:. She is also one of the three women who each became the first to have an 531:" sells more than a million copies, marking a turning point in his career. 8106: 7125:

Sanjek, David and Will Straw, "The Music Industry", pgs. 256–267, in the

6419:

Levy, Mark; Carl Rahkonen and Ain Haas. "Scandinavian and Baltic Music".

5976: 5214: 5175: 5025: 4990: 4951: 4880: 4863: 4857: 4763: 4748: 4732: 4728: 4603: 4566: 4425: 4370: 4315: 4147: 4024: 3958: 3923: 3831: 3778: 3766: 3702: 3629: 3331: 3309: 2991: 2962: 2943: 2545: 2513: 1982: 1906: 1903:" is the first major American composition in the Hungarian "Gypsy" style. 1825: 1748: 1569: 1471: 1403: 1354: 1163: 1053: 865: 758: 670:

Antoni Mallek forms the Polish Singers Alliance, an influential national

515: 348: 200: 5568:

Exploring Early Jazz: The Origins and Evolution of the New Orleans Style

2257:

The first African American to publish a collection of original songs is

9558: 7561: 7432: 6019: 5596: 5478:

University Musical Encyclopedia: Hymn, Plain Song, Chant, Mass, Requiem

4996:

The first permanent professional orchestra is established in Cleveland.

4922: 4918: 4831: 4827: 4817: 4681: 4384: 4215:

The first permanent professional orchestra is established in Baltimore.

4064: 4060: 4054: 3887: 3828:, "and as such it (will be) a wellspring of the 1970s ragtime revival". 3824:

songs arranged for small orchestra. It will eventually become known as

3373: 3367: 3173: 3156: 3148: 2887: 2796: 2749: 2457: 2163: 2149: 2080: 2014:

becomes the "first black musician to take his vaudeville acts into the

1800: 1788: 1766: 1670: 1655: 1645: 1425: 1167: 762: 741: 564: 186:; Higginson would personally run the Orchestra for almost four decades. 7433:

Maultsby, Portia K.; Mellonee V. Burnin and Susan Oehler. "Overview".

7350: 5698: 4472:" to white Americans. African American ensembles did not use the word 3932:'s research constitutes the most extensive description of traditional 2990:

claiming to have written the song in 1858. He is able to convince the

1783:) in its title". It is advertised as the first ragtime song. However, 1170:

in Chicago is the first music school connected to the settlement work.

1081:

begins her prolific scholarly career with a study of the music of the

365:

publishes the first comprehensive music history of the United States,

8669: 8089: 5312: 5245: 5234: 5007: 4782: 4195: 4121: 3864: 3558: 3524: 3439: 3285: 3129: 3098: 2660: 2534:

The first popular recorded song dealing with the subject of death is

2362: 2210: 2157: 2030: 1944: 1587: 1565: 1535:

The first "distinctively syncopated songs (are) published under the '

1529: 1513:

is premiered; it is an influential work that incorporates aspects of

1289:, one of the first American composers to incorporate Slavic elements. 1096:, a watershed in American culture, attracts attention to the Chicago 1045: 928: 806: 553: 535: 390: 314: 149: 138: 9550: 6677:

Chase, pg. 415; Chase indicates that the year, 1885, is approximate.

6011: 5588: 4711:", a jazz standard, is published in a Baptist hymnal. Its author is 3863:

A series of concerts begin to be held in New York, sponsored by the

3860:, "one of the most important black musical institutions" of the era. 2799:, capable of being fitted to any model of instrument, is introduced. 2391:

accepts its first African American local union, Chicago's Local 208.

2184:

begins a series of annual concert festivals presenting the music of

1934:, the largest music teachers association in the country, is founded. 1747:

in the early history of jazz, and his band innovates the use of the

1532:, which came to control theaters in New York and across the country. 8090:

Colwell, Richard; James W. Pruett and Pamela Bristah. "Education".

7342: 5690: 5272:

Singing the New Nation: How Music Shaped the Confederacy, 1861–1865

5198: 5090: 4230:. The Association's main activities are fiddling contests known as 4106: 3989: 3915: 3872: 3677: 3644: 2939: 2883: 1875: 1743:

band, and Bolden the first jazz musician. Bolden is an influential

1675: 1430: 1061: 729:" establishes his reputation as the country's foremost composer of 708: 251: 6501:

Levine, Victoria Lindsay; Judith A. Gray. "Musical Interactions".

3308:

is the first American opera accepted by one of the great European

1624:

is the first symphony composed by a woman to be performed, by the

1576:; it is probable that the recordings are of Mooney or his brother 1417:

Permanent orchestras are established in Cincinnati and Pittsburgh.

1085:

tribe of Native Americans. The study, done with the assistance of

153:, premiers in Boston, and is "received with unparalleled success". 10556: 9289: 8445: 6538: 6536: 6083:(The African American Male in American Life and Thought): 71–85. 5509:

See You at the Hall: Boston's Golden Era of Irish Music And Dance

5142: 5066: 4914: 4663: 4611: 4434:

becomes the first African American to become an associate in the

4356: 3974: 3821: 3546: 3345: 3085: 2899: 2570:

begins transcribing the recordings of Spanish folk songs made by

2377: 2175: 1990: 1872: 1842: 1780: 1649: 1595: 1536: 1393: 1097: 967: 776: 766: 745: 657: 584: 472: 383: 7651: 6481:

History of the Handel and Haydn Society of Boston, Massachusetts

6465:

Blum, Stephen. "Sources, Scholarship and Historiography" in the

6006:(6). MENC: The National Association for Music Education: 42–45. 5028:, relocates to New York and becomes a leading local institution. 3747:, the first black bandleader in the country, presents the first 2902:-like machine, the first to play a series of gramophone records. 699:

The first African American woman to compose a produced opera is

10694:

Music and the Silent Film: Contexts and Case Studies, 1895–1924

10619:

Howard, James H. (1955). "The Pan-Indian Culture of Oklahoma".

9912:

Crawford notes that this process was complete by the mid-1920s.

9242:, "Snapshot: Two Views of Music and Class", pgs. 55–62, in the 7903:

Bergey, Barry, "Government and Politics", pgs. 288–303, in the

5237:, becomes a "tremendous hit" and Gershwin's "big breakthrough". 5183: 4373:

receives his first "major success with a musical comedy", with

4280: 4205: 3834:

becomes the first African American pianist to matriculate from

3377: 3341: 3111:

is the first American full opera scores to be published abroad.

2656: 2275:. These are the first recordings of African American musicians. 2015: 1744: 1433:, and will run continuously from 1896 to 1900 in North America. 1296: 755:. She will go on to found the Washington Conservatory of Music. 618: 503: 273: 247: 228:; It is Baker's doctoral dissertation, on Seneca music, at the 8865: 7552: 6533: 6077:

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

5107:

The first attempt to cross-promote a song and film comes from

4989:, which uses many musical elements in its services, including 3570:

The first permanent orchestra is established in San Francisco.

1878:, introduced "syncopated 'hot' music to Broadway" and starred 1642:'s upcoming move from a German-oriented style to a French one. 1572:

songs, which are first commercially released this year by the

1181:

The first Chinese opera theater in New York City is opened in

10585:

Black Music in the Harlem Renaissance: A Collection of Essays

9292:. 2008-01-17. 0:45 minutes in. See also reference to Bond's " 8670:

Buckley, David; John Shepherd and Berndt Ostendorf. "Death".

8604: 5957: 5679:

International Review of the Aesthetics and Sociology of Music

5138: 4766:

publishes an anthology of songs from western North Carolina,

4556:

writes the first full-length score for a motion picture, for

3936:, and the "largest collection ever published from one tribe". 3876: 3443: 3336: 2412:

is the first American opera successfully produced in Germany.

2366: 2145: 2107: 2092:

The first permanent orchestra is established in Philadelphia.

1739:'s band begins performing; some will consider this the first 1060:, become probably the first African Americans to perform the 1013: 899:

became the first African-American to make commercial records.

6728: 6232:

Kearns, Williams. "Overview of Music in the United States".

5831:

Flowers in the Dustbin: The Rise of Rock and Roll, 1947–1977

5625:

The New Grove Dictionary of American Music, Volume II: E - K

5162:

The first permanent orchestra is established in Los Angeles.

4873:

The most famous riverboat bandleader of the early jazz era,

4618:, the first of many to come throughout the following decade. 4546:; during her career, she will compose a number of important 4520:, artistically composed to fit within the Western classical 3643:

becomes the first known African American pianist to perform

3132:

agreement which the United States is not yet a signatory to.

2473:

The first permanent orchestra is established in Minneapolis.

1378:

becomes the first "important black (theatrical) production".

9013: 9011: 6773: 6771: 5156: 4677: 4586:'s commercial recording begins in earnest with the work of 4547: 4525: 4521: 4469: 3910: 3879:

and other elements of African American folk culture by the

3270: 2854: 1752: 1740: 1248: 1160:"all that is needed for a great and noble school of music". 1119: 974:

arrives for a stay in the United States as director of the

765:

in a saloon in San Francisco, the first predecessor of the

10639: 10301:. Kansas Historical Society. February 1997. Archived from 8306:

The New Grove Dictionary of American Music, Volume II: E-K

6650: 6418: 5447:

The History of the Blues: The Roots, The Music, The People

4820:", which will become the most popular song of World War I. 4751:; this is the first black band and bandmaster in the Navy. 4226:

to preserve and celebrate the traditions of the Norwegian

4120:(ASCAP) is founded to take advantage of recent changes in 3890:

recordings of African American performers are made by the

3084:, "a landmark in the development and diffusion of classic 2982:

The battle over cultural ownership of the patriotic song "

2925:, to great controversy over the scandalous subject matter. 2731:

founds the first permanent black theater, in Chicago, the

2261:, a "pivotal figure in the history of black church music". 1353:

minstrels. This was probably the first-ever example of a "

853:

makes the first musical field recordings, specifically of

389:

J. S. Putnam's "New Coon in Town" is one of the first hit

6516:

Reyes, Adelaida. "Identity, Diversity, and Interaction".

5998:

Souchon, Edmund (June–July 1957). "Jazz in New Orleans".

4662:

is the first work by a white composer to use elements of

3891: 2789: 386:

becomes the first drum manufacturer in the United States.

10493: