276:. He developed symptoms which were similar to the symptoms which David Carr developed, and he died on 28 June 1959, apparently of the same very rare kind of pneumonia that killed Carr. Many years later, Dr. Gordon R. Hennigar, who had performed the autopsy on Antonio's body, was asked whether or not he thought his patient had died of AIDS; he replied "You bet ... It was so unusual at the time. Lord knows how many cases of AIDS have been autopsied that we didn't even know had AIDS. I think it's such a strong possibility that I've often thought about getting them to send me the tissue samples."
26:
118:
265:
which was present in the tissues was similar to the strain of HIV which was found in tissue samples which were collected and analyzed in the late 1980s rather than an earlier strain of HIV (which would have mutated considerably over the course of 30 years). Ho's discovery has cast doubt on the theory
150:
SIV exists as distinct lineages that cluster in different species of primates. HIV-1 is most similar to the SIV found in common chimpanzees (SIVcpz) in southeastern
Cameroon, giving rise to the notion that HIV-1 emerged from chimpanzees in this area. SIVcpz itself emerged in chimpanzees as the result
180:. This estimation was the result of time-scaled evolutionary models being applied to modern samples and retrieved early samples of HIV-1 (M). It had previously been estimated from the genetic differences between LEO70 and DRC60 samples and later samples that
380:
in 1964 then again in 1972 to aid the sick. She was likely directly exposed to blood from many
Congolese patients, one of whom infected her. She became unwell in 1974, then returned to Denmark in 1977, with her colleagues baffled by her symptoms. She died of
271:
Ardouin
Antonio, a 49-year-old Jamaican-born Haitian, has been suggested as a possible early AIDS case. Antonio had emigrated to the United States in 1927, and at the time of his death, he was working as a shipping clerk for a garment manufacturer in
316:
and preserved in paraffin. In 2008, the sample was tested by researchers, identifying partial HIV viral sequences. The specimen, named DRC60 contained a strain of HIV-1 around 88% similar to LEO70, but was found to be most closely related to
321:(M) subgroup A isolates. These two specimens are significant not only because they are the oldest known specimens of HIV-1, but because they show that the virus already had an extensive amount of genetic diversity by 1960.
361:
some time between 1962 and 1965, and died on 24 April 1976. His eight-year-old daughter had died three months earlier, and his wife died in
December 1976. Tissues of Røed, his wife and daughter all tested positive for
1609:
617:
Keele, Brandon F.; Van
Heuverswyn, Fran; Li, Yingying; Bailes, Elizabeth; Takehisa, Jun; Santiago, Mario L.; Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic; Chen, Yalu; Wain, Louise V.; Liegeois, Florian; Loul, Severin (28 July 2006).
130:
was recognised as a novel illness in the early 1980s. An AIDS case is classified as "early" if the death occurred before 5 June 1981, when the AIDS epidemic was formally recognized by medical professionals in the
411:
Herbert
Heinrich was a German concert violinist who died in 1979. Tests in 1989 found that he was HIV-positive, and there has been speculation that he was infected by a sex worker who was infected by Noe.
777:
Faria, Nuno R.; Rambaut, Andrew; Suchard, Marc A.; Baele, Guy; Bedford, Trevor; Ward, Melissa J.; Tatem, Andrew J.; Sousa, JoĂŁo D.; Arinaminpathy, Nimalan; PĂ©pin, Jacques; Posada, David (3 October 2014).
257:. Baffled by what he had died from, doctors preserved 50 of his tissue samples for inspection. In 1990, the tissues were found to be HIV-positive. However, in 1992, a second test by AIDS researcher
1173:
Garry RF, Witte MH, Gottlieb AA, Elvin-Lewis M, Gottlieb MS, Witte CL, Alexander SS, Cole WR, Drake WL Jr (October 1988). "Documentation of an AIDS virus infection in the United States in 1968".
1151:
1604:
1399:
1916:
840:
Worobey, Michael; Gemmel, Marlea; Teuwen, Dirk E.; Haselkorn, Tamara; Kunstman, Kevin; Bunce, Michael; Muyembe, Jean-Jacques; Kabongo, Jean-Marie M.; et al. (2008).
1880:
1599:
683:
Bailes, Elizabeth; Gao, Feng; Bibollet-Ruche, Frederic; Courgnaud, Valerie; Peeters, Martine; Marx, Preston A.; Hahn, Beatrice H.; Sharp, Paul M. (13 June 2003).
1971:
1451:
A D M Bryceson, A M Tomkins, D Ridley, D Warhurst, A Goldstone, G Bayliss, J Toswill, J Ridley. HIV-2 associated AIDS in the 1970s. Letter Lancet, 1988, ii, 221.
2567:
288:
infections, considered novel to the
European continent, and both AIDS related conditions. Some of these cases occurred in infants considered immunocompetent.
1208:
W. C. Saxinger; P. H. Levine; A. G. Dean; G. de The; G. Lange-Wantzin; J. Moghissi; F. Laurent; M. Hoh; R. C. Gallo; Gallo, R. C.; et al. (March 1985).
2562:
1616:
1141:
36:
2077:
1550:
97:
1430:
69:
1250:
1951:
1066:
Hennigar, G.R., Lyons, H.A. et al., Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in an adult, American
Journal of Clinical Pathology, 1961, 35(4), 353–364.
213:
76:
1823:
1642:
1592:
1540:
1391:
1936:
347:. In 1985, retroactive testing of the frozen blood serum indicated that 50 of the children had antibodies to a virus related to HIV.
83:
1750:
479:
1662:
1492:
1314:
1035:
964:
65:
220:, Belgian Congo. The isolated strain was found to be most closely related to modern genome sequences of HIV-1 (M) subgroup D.
1911:
1082:
2342:
2030:
2467:
1707:
728:
755:
1890:
1780:
143:
All known subgroups of HIV-1 and HIV-2 are thought to have entered humans as distinct cross-species transmissions of
55:
1637:
301:
197:
530:
897:
Zhu, Tuofu; Korber, Bette T.; Nahmias, Andre J.; Hooper, Edward; Sharp, Paul M.; Ho, David D. (5 February 1998).
962:
Wyatt, J. P.; Trumbull, M. L.; Evans, M.; et al. (1953). "Cytomegalic
Inclusion Pneumonitis in the adult".
90:
2370:
1632:
393:
249:
printer (sometimes mistakenly referred to as a sailor) who died on 31 August 1959 following the failure of his
2432:
1946:
1926:
1657:
1545:
144:
1464:
2588:
2545:
1818:
1806:
1687:
1647:
242:
51:
2593:
2317:
2013:
1941:
1870:
1828:
1572:
1530:
421:
2007:
1931:
1921:
1652:
1485:
400:
by
Professor Anthony Bryceson until he died of the disease in 1978. He is the first confirmed case of
208:). The sample, designated LEO70, was isolated from the plasma of "an adult Bantu male" who also had a
2481:
2449:
2437:
2390:
1966:
1275:
Fro̸land, S.S.; Jenum, P.; Lindboe, C.F.; Wefring, K.W.; Linnestad, P.J.; Böhmer, T. (11 June 1988).
385:
in December 1977. Her tissues were examined and tested by her colleagues and found positive in 1987.
44:
1423:"Grethe Rask reddede liv på congolesisk missionshospital, indtil mødet med ukendt virus blev fatalt"
1422:
2322:
2172:
2045:
1733:
1692:
1209:
235:
with pneumocystis pneumonia and CMV, which some authors suggest constitutes a sufficient number of
2540:
2412:
2287:
2205:
2107:
1672:
1667:
327:, a 16-year-old boy who died in 1969, is considered to be the first recorded case of AIDS in the
236:
40:
503:"Kaposi's sarcoma and Pneumocystis pneumonia among homosexual men--New York City and California"
2252:
2225:
2215:
2137:
2122:
2020:
1840:
1770:
1577:
1567:
382:
281:
172:(responsible for the global pandemic) is estimated to have emerged in humans around 1920 near
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2427:
2417:
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1833:
1801:
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1478:
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2092:
2087:
2072:
1813:
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1226:
910:
853:
631:
431:
258:
227:
Richard Edwin Graves Jr., a 28-year-old World War II veteran who had been stationed in the
8:
2519:
2494:
2462:
2380:
2352:
2302:
2220:
2210:
2162:
2152:
2142:
2117:
1728:
1702:
426:
152:
1230:
914:
857:
780:"HIV epidemiology. The early spread and epidemic ignition of HIV-1 in human populations"
635:
2509:
2499:
2407:
2402:
2375:
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2282:
2245:
2230:
2182:
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2157:
2127:
2102:
2062:
2054:
1986:
1981:
1850:
1775:
1677:
1367:
1340:
1306:
1146:
1117:
1100:
944:
874:
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619:
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558:
451:
232:
181:
1294:
2457:
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2240:
2147:
2112:
2097:
2082:
2067:
1845:
1755:
1712:
1582:
1372:
1298:
1242:
1217:
1190:
1186:
1122:
1016:
981:
936:
928:
899:"An African HIV-1 sequence from 1959 and implications for the origin of the epidemic"
879:
817:
799:
712:
704:
665:
647:
596:
578:
522:
514:
471:
463:
389:
209:
1310:
1276:
1045:
2514:
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2197:
2132:
1875:
1362:
1354:
1290:
1234:
1182:
1112:
1008:
973:
948:
918:
869:
861:
807:
791:
724:
696:
655:
639:
586:
570:
344:
1079:
2025:
1765:
1535:
1086:
1040:
318:
285:
228:
574:
217:
1976:
1760:
1012:
324:
1358:
2582:
1956:
1865:
1207:
1101:"Pneumocystis Infection and Cytomegaly of the Lungs in the Newborn and Adult"
1036:"How scientists discovered false evidence on the world's "first AIDS victim""
932:
803:
708:
651:
582:
518:
467:
405:
328:
309:
250:
205:
177:
169:
132:
1238:
977:
795:
700:
684:
643:
1991:
1682:
1126:
985:
883:
821:
751:
716:
669:
600:
313:
1376:
1302:
1246:
1194:
1020:
940:
526:
475:
1895:
1796:
1587:
369:
865:
1855:
1697:
1525:
1281:
502:
246:
54:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
842:"Direct evidence of extensive diversity of HIV-1 in Kinshasa by 1960"
350:
273:
254:
1961:
1860:
1557:
1505:
358:
297:
193:
173:
151:
of a recombination of two separate lineages of SIV known to infect
127:
1470:
923:
898:
216:, in 1959. At the time of the samples isolation, he was living in
1885:
1392:"After hard working days she rested by the beautiful Ebola River"
500:
449:
373:
682:
2001:
999:
Huminer, D.; Rosenfeld, J. (1987). "AIDS in the Pre-AIDS era".
397:
354:
340:
156:
1917:
European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership
1172:
401:
377:
363:
305:
201:
839:
2035:
1996:
1274:
1142:"Boy's 1969 Death Suggests AIDS Invaded U.S. Several Times"
616:
1080:
How Long Has Virus Been Stalking Victims? 25 October 1987
1520:
1501:
1345:
1210:"Evidence for exposure to HTLV-III in Uganda before 1973"
620:"Chimpanzee reservoirs of pandemic and nonpandemic HIV-1"
312:) died, and a lymph node sample was taken and fixed with
262:
1600:
WHO disease staging system for HIV infection and disease
776:
2568:
List of HIV/AIDS cases and deaths registered by region
896:
239:
for a clinical course suggestive of an AIDS diagnosis.
357:
sailor and truck driver who was probably infected in
353:(an anagram of his birth name Arne Vidar Røed) was a
557:
Sharp, Paul M.; Hahn, Beatrice H. (September 2011).
404:
and it is believed he was exposed to the disease in
2563:
List of countries by HIV/AIDS adult prevalence rate
1952:
President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR)
1937:
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
961:
1341:"Sailors and star-bursts, and the arrival of HIV"
1277:"HIV-1 infection in Norwegian family before 1970"
501:Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (3 July 1981).
450:Centers for Disease Control (CDC) (5 June 1981).
223:Possible cases of AIDS from this period include:
2580:
998:
1551:National Addiction and HIV Data Archive Program
752:"Aids: Origin of pandemic 'was 1920s Kinshasa'"
749:
50:Please review the contents of the article and
1486:
835:
833:
831:
1643:Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome
1074:
1072:
563:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
507:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
456:MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
339:Researchers drew blood from 75 children in
266:that David Carr's death was caused by AIDS.
192:The earliest known sample of HIV-1 is from
184:had jumped into humans in 1908 ± 10 years.
1876:People With AIDS Self-Empowerment Movement
1493:
1479:
828:
366:type O, in an epidemiology study in 1988.
1366:
1334:
1332:
1116:
922:
873:
811:
659:
590:
556:
1069:
743:
408:, where he lived between 1956 and 1966.
280:Researchers begin to note the spread of
1098:
2581:
1338:
1329:
1139:
1033:
965:American Journal of Clinical Pathology
559:"Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic"
1912:Discredited HIV/AIDS origins theories
1474:
1467:, Sydney: Angus & Robertson, 1996
1154:from the original on 11 February 2009
685:"Hybrid origin of SIV in chimpanzees"
452:"Pneumocystis pneumonia--Los Angeles"
164:
1317:from the original on 22 October 2016
612:
610:
552:
550:
548:
343:to serve as controls for a study of
19:
2031:The Freddie Mercury Tribute Concert
1500:
1420:
1389:
1339:Hooper, Edward (20 December 1997).
13:
750:James Gallagher (2 October 2014).
533:from the original on 18 March 2021
482:from the original on 22 April 2009
66:"Timeline of early HIV/AIDS cases"
14:
2605:
1617:Countries by AIDS prevalence rate
1457:
1433:from the original on 15 July 2021
1402:from the original on 15 July 2021
1105:The American Journal of Pathology
607:
545:
231:. Graves died on 26 July 1952 in
2078:Democratic Republic of the Congo
1638:AIDS-defining clinical condition
1256:from the original on 4 July 2021
1187:10.1001/jama.1988.03410140097031
1140:Kolata, Gina (28 October 1987).
758:from the original on 6 June 2022
731:from the original on 25 May 2021
302:Democratic Republic of the Congo
198:Democratic Republic of the Congo
138:
116:
24:
1445:
1414:
1390:Maj, Helle (10 November 2020).
1383:
1268:
1201:
1166:
1133:
1092:
1060:
1034:Connor, Steve (24 March 1995).
1027:
992:
955:
296:In 1960, a woman in modern-day
1044:. pp. 2–3. Archived from
1001:Reviews of Infectious Diseases
890:
770:
676:
494:
443:
394:Hospital for Tropical Diseases
52:add the appropriate references
1:
1947:Misconceptions about HIV/AIDS
1927:International AIDS Conference
1881:HIV/AIDS in the porn industry
1824:Discrimination against people
1295:10.1016/S0140-6736(88)92164-2
437:
145:Simian immunodeficiency virus
1807:Catholic Church and HIV/AIDS
1688:HIV Drug Resistance Database
7:
2108:CĂ´te d'Ivoire (Ivory Coast)
1942:Media portrayal of HIV/AIDS
1871:List of HIV-positive people
1099:Hamperl, H (10 June 1955).
575:10.1101/cshperspect.a006841
422:List of HIV-positive people
415:
37:reliable medical references
10:
2610:
2008:Reports from the Holocaust
1932:International AIDS Society
1922:Elton John AIDS Foundation
1421:Maj, Helle (9 June 2020).
2558:
2528:
2480:
2448:
2398:
2389:
2361:
2196:
2053:
2044:
1967:Treatment Action Campaign
1904:
1789:
1721:
1683:Tuberculosis co-infection
1625:
1546:disease progression rates
1513:
1359:10.1136/bmj.315.7123.1689
261:found that the strain of
43:or relies too heavily on
1693:Innate resistance to HIV
1663:Neurocognitive disorders
1085:22 December 2007 at the
1013:10.1093/clinids/9.6.1102
376:surgeon who traveled to
334:
291:
237:opportunistic infections
187:
2014:AIDS–Holocaust metaphor
1997:Gay Men's Health Crisis
1673:Opportunistic infection
1239:10.1126/science.2983417
796:10.1126/science.1256739
701:10.1126/science.1080657
644:10.1126/science.1126531
392:man was treated at the
1841:HIV-affected community
1781:HIV and homosexual men
383:pneumocystis pneumonia
282:Pneumocystis pneumonia
2021:Silence=Death Project
1819:Criminal transmission
1739:Multiple sex partners
1089:retrieved 15 May 2008
978:10.1093/ajcp/23.4.353
147:(SIV) from primates.
2343:United Arab Emirates
1814:Circumcision and HIV
1771:City of Hope Patient
1531:structure and genome
432:Timeline of HIV/AIDS
2589:History of HIV/AIDS
1891:AIDS Memorial Quilt
1703:HIV-positive people
1353:(7123): 1689–1691.
1289:(8598): 1344–1345.
1231:1985Sci...227.1036S
1225:(4690): 1036–1038.
1048:on 24 February 2005
915:1998Natur.391..594Z
866:10.1038/nature07390
858:2008Natur.455..661W
636:2006Sci...313..523K
427:History of HIV/AIDS
176:, then part of the
153:red-capped mangabey
2594:Medicine timelines
2468:Dominican Republic
1851:HIV/AIDS denialism
1776:Women and HIV/AIDS
1766:The London Patient
1633:Signs and symptoms
1541:CDC classification
1427:Kristeligt Dagblad
1396:globalhealth.ku.dk
1147:The New York Times
253:; he succumbed to
233:Memphis, Tennessee
165:Early 20th century
2576:
2575:
2554:
2553:
2476:
2475:
1957:The SING Campaign
1846:HIV/AIDS activism
1834:Cost of treatment
1756:Timothy Ray Brown
1751:World AIDS Museum
909:(6667): 594–597.
630:(5786): 523–526.
210:Sickle cell trait
125:
124:
101:
2601:
2546:Papua New Guinea
2396:
2395:
2051:
2050:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1472:
1471:
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1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1370:
1336:
1327:
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1324:
1322:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1255:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1120:
1096:
1090:
1078:Chicago Tribune
1076:
1067:
1064:
1058:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1007:(6): 1102–1108.
996:
990:
989:
959:
953:
952:
926:
894:
888:
887:
877:
837:
826:
825:
815:
774:
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765:
763:
747:
741:
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738:
736:
680:
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673:
663:
614:
605:
604:
594:
554:
543:
542:
540:
538:
498:
492:
491:
489:
487:
447:
345:Burkitt lymphoma
304:(DRC) (formerly
200:(DRC) (formerly
120:
119:
111:
108:
102:
100:
59:
28:
27:
20:
2609:
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2524:
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2444:
2385:
2357:
2303:Myanmar (Burma)
2192:
2040:
2026:Day Without Art
1972:The Global Fund
1900:
1829:Economic impact
1785:
1717:
1621:
1573:pathophysiology
1509:
1499:
1465:The White Death
1463:Cribb, Julian,
1460:
1455:
1450:
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1436:
1434:
1419:
1415:
1405:
1403:
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1212:
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1202:
1171:
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1157:
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1138:
1134:
1097:
1093:
1087:Wayback Machine
1077:
1070:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1049:
1041:The Independent
1032:
1028:
997:
993:
960:
956:
895:
891:
852:(7213): 661–4.
838:
829:
790:(6205): 56–61.
775:
771:
761:
759:
748:
744:
734:
732:
681:
677:
615:
608:
555:
546:
536:
534:
513:(25): 305–308.
499:
495:
485:
483:
462:(21): 250–252.
448:
444:
440:
418:
351:Arvid Darre Noe
337:
308:, formerly the
294:
286:Cytomegalovirus
284:and concurrent
229:Solomon Islands
204:, formerly the
190:
167:
141:
121:
117:
112:
106:
103:
60:
49:
45:primary sources
29:
25:
12:
11:
5:
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2371:United Kingdom
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158:Cercopithecus
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107:November 2017
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62:Find sources:
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33:This article
31:
22:
21:
18:
16:
2333:Taiwan (ROC)
2323:Saudi Arabia
2173:South Africa
2006:
1992:Larry Kramer
1734:Epidemiology
1447:
1435:. Retrieved
1426:
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1395:
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1319:. Retrieved
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1046:the original
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314:Formaldehyde
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218:LĂ©opoldville
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41:verification
34:
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2541:New Zealand
2413:El Salvador
2318:Philippines
2288:North Korea
2241:China (PRC)
2206:Afghanistan
1896:Product Red
1797:AIDS orphan
1653:Nephropathy
1588:vaccination
1260:27 December
1158:11 February
1111:(1): 1–13.
1052:11 February
370:Grethe Rask
35:needs more
2583:Categories
2253:East Timor
2226:Bangladesh
2216:Azerbaijan
2138:Mozambique
2123:Madagascar
1856:Red ribbon
1698:Serostatus
1626:Conditions
1578:prevention
1568:management
1526:Lentivirus
1321:21 October
1282:The Lancet
438:References
390:Portuguese
247:Manchester
243:David Carr
77:newspapers
2536:Australia
2490:Argentina
2450:Caribbean
2428:Nicaragua
2418:Guatemala
2328:Sri Lanka
2263:Indonesia
2046:Locations
1987:"Free Me"
1713:Pregnancy
1708:Nutrition
1563:diagnosis
933:1476-4687
804:1095-9203
762:5 October
709:1095-9203
652:1095-9203
583:2157-1422
519:0149-2195
468:0149-2195
355:Norwegian
274:Manhattan
255:pneumonia
161:species.
2505:Colombia
2423:Honduras
2338:Thailand
2313:Pakistan
2298:Malaysia
2236:Cambodia
2188:Zimbabwe
2168:Tanzania
2093:Ethiopia
2088:Eswatini
2073:Botswana
1962:Solidays
1861:Safe sex
1802:Religion
1746:Timeline
1668:Pruritus
1605:Children
1583:research
1558:HIV/AIDS
1536:subtypes
1437:15 March
1431:Archived
1406:15 March
1400:Archived
1315:Archived
1311:35124293
1251:Archived
1152:Archived
1127:13275561
1083:Archived
986:13040294
884:18833279
822:25278604
756:Archived
735:10 March
729:Archived
717:12805540
670:16728595
601:22229120
537:10 March
531:Archived
486:10 March
480:Archived
416:See also
359:Cameroon
298:Kinshasa
259:David Ho
194:Kinshasa
174:Kinshasa
128:HIV/AIDS
2529:Oceania
2520:Uruguay
2495:Bolivia
2463:Jamaica
2381:Ukraine
2353:Vietnam
2221:Bahrain
2211:Armenia
2163:Senegal
2153:Nigeria
2143:Namibia
2118:Lesotho
1905:Culture
1886:HIV.gov
1729:History
1722:History
1377:9448543
1368:2128008
1303:2897596
1247:2983417
1227:Bibcode
1218:Science
1195:3418874
1118:1942588
1021:3321360
949:4416837
941:9468138
911:Bibcode
875:3682493
854:Bibcode
813:4254776
784:Science
754:. BBC.
725:5294547
689:Science
661:2442710
632:Bibcode
624:Science
592:3234451
527:6789108
476:6265753
91:scholar
56:removed
2510:Guyana
2500:Brazil
2408:Mexico
2403:Canada
2376:Russia
2363:Europe
2348:Turkey
2283:Jordan
2246:Yunnan
2231:Bhutan
2183:Zambia
2178:Uganda
2158:Rwanda
2128:Malawi
2103:Guinea
2063:Angola
2055:Africa
2002:ACT UP
1790:Social
1508:topics
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398:London
374:Danish
372:was a
341:Uganda
155:, and
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2458:Haiti
2308:Nepal
2278:Japan
2258:India
2148:Niger
2113:Kenya
2098:Ghana
2083:Egypt
2068:Benin
1307:S2CID
1254:(PDF)
1213:(PDF)
945:S2CID
721:S2CID
402:HIV-2
378:Zaire
364:HIV-1
335:1970s
319:HIV-1
306:Zaire
292:1960s
214:G6PDD
202:Zaire
188:1950s
98:JSTOR
84:books
2515:Peru
2293:Laos
2273:Iraq
2268:Iran
2198:Asia
2133:Mali
2036:Ayds
1593:PrEP
1506:AIDS
1439:2021
1408:2021
1373:PMID
1323:2016
1299:PMID
1262:2013
1243:PMID
1191:PMID
1175:JAMA
1160:2009
1123:PMID
1054:2009
1017:PMID
982:PMID
937:PMID
929:ISSN
880:PMID
818:PMID
800:ISSN
764:2014
737:2021
713:PMID
705:ISSN
666:PMID
648:ISSN
597:PMID
579:ISSN
539:2021
523:PMID
515:ISSN
488:2021
472:PMID
464:ISSN
245:, a
212:and
70:news
39:for
1521:HIV
1514:HIV
1502:HIV
1363:PMC
1355:doi
1351:315
1346:BMJ
1291:doi
1287:331
1235:doi
1223:227
1183:doi
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1113:PMC
1009:doi
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870:PMC
862:doi
850:455
808:PMC
792:doi
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697:doi
693:300
656:PMC
640:doi
628:313
587:PMC
571:doi
396:in
263:HIV
2585::
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1331:^
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1071:^
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830:^
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609:^
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388:A
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