1941:
2130:
36-57% in adult males, while SIV infection is rare in immature individuals. SIV infected vervets in the wild do not develop chronic immune activation or microbial translocation (assessed by sCD14 as a surrogate biomarker). During natural SIV infection, the gut microbiome showed a significant increase in microbial diversity, a decrease in
Proteobacteria/Succinivibrio and an increase of Veillonella, a decrease in genes involved in pathways of microbial invasion, and partial reversibility of acute infection-related shifts in microbial abundance. The pattern of natural selection in the monkey genome in genes involved in HIV responses and those regulated in response to experimental SIV infection in monkeys, but not macaques, suggests a natural adaptation to SIV in Chlorocebus monkeys in Africa.
1953:
Disease progression to AIDS occurs within a period of months to years, depending upon the SIV strain used. Non-pathogenic infection is typified by
African NHPs naturally infected with SIV. These animals rarely progress to AIDS despite maintaining viral loads that are equivalent to SIV viral loads in pathogenic infections. It is postulated that AIDS-like disease in African NHPs represents horizontal transmission of the virus from one or more homologous species in the recent evolutionary past, before equilibrium of co-adaptation has occurred.
49:
31:
1711:
suffering from simian AIDS (SAIDS). The discovery of SIV was made shortly after HIV-1 had been isolated as the cause of AIDS and led to the discovery of HIV-2 strains in West Africa. HIV-2 was more similar to the then-known SIV strains than to HIV-1, suggesting for the first time the simian origin of
1545:
While human immunodeficiency virus has a limited number of subtypes, SIV is now known to infect a few dozen species of non-human primates, and distinct strains are often associated with each species, or with a set of closely related species. The thus far categorized ~40 strains are divided into five
1952:
SIV pathogenesis encompasses both pathogenic and non-pathogenic SIV infections. SIV infection of non-human primates (NHPs) invariably results in persistent infection, but rarely acute disease. Pathogenic infection is typified by Rhesus macaques infected with SIV strains derived from sooty mangabeys.
1731:
analyses of sequences, it was previously thought by many that SIV infection in monkeys had happened over the past few hundred years. Scientists estimated that it would take a similar amount of time before humans would adapt naturally to HIV infection in the way monkeys in Africa have adapted to SIV
1735:
In 2008, discovery of an endogenous lentivirus in a prosimian (proto-monkey) primate, the gray mouse lemur native to
Madagascar, pushed the origin of SIV-like lentivirus infections in primates back to at least 14 Ma, the last time there was intermingling of mammals between the island of Madagascar
259:
Unlike SIVsmm infection in sooty mangabeys, a recent study of SIVcpz in wild living chimpanzees suggests that infected chimpanzees experience an AIDS-like illness similar to HIV-1 infected humans. The later stages of SIV infection develop into sAIDS, much like how HIV infection develops into AIDS.
239:
in Africa. Four subtypes of HIV-1 (M, N, O, and P) likely arose through four separate transmissions of SIV to humans, and the resulting HIV-1 group M strain most commonly infects people worldwide. Therefore, it is theorized that SIV may have previously crossed the species barrier into human hosts
2121:
and a team of researchers in 2009 found that chimpanzees do die from simian AIDS in the wild and that the AIDS outbreak in Africa has contributed to the decline of chimpanzee populations. Testing wild chimpanzees, researchers detected organ and tissue damage similar to late-stage human AIDS. The
2129:
African green monkeys (also called vervets, genus
Chlorocebus) in African populations are heavily infected with SIVagm, while the virus is absent in the founder isolate vervet populations in the Caribbean. The prevalence of SIV infection in African populations ranges 78-90% in adult females and
251:
Unlike HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections in humans, SIV infections in their natural simian non-human hosts appear in many cases to be non-pathogenic due to evolutionary adaptation of the hosts to the virus. Extensive studies in sooty mangabeys have established that SIVsmm infection does not cause any
2153:
In 2013, a study by a group of authors reported on successful testing of a vaccine containing SIV protein-expressing rhesus cytomegalovirus vector. Approximately 50% of vaccinated rhesus macaques manifested durable, aviraemic control of infection with the highly pathogenic strain SIVmac239.
1736:
and the
African mainland, if the infection is attributed to horizontal transmission between homologous hosts. If the virus was coevolved with the host, rather than acquired, that potentially pushes the date of the endogenous event back to approx. 85 Ma, the split between the
282:
that cause AIDS, and a few other viruses that infect other primates. Related viruses in other groups in the genus infect other mammals like sheep and goats, horses, cattle, cats, and a few others. The genus is one of six genera in subfamily
2122:
infected chimpanzees had a 10 to 16 times greater risk of dying than uninfected ones; infected females were less likely to give birth, could pass the virus to their infants, and had a higher infant mortality rate than uninfected females.
1712:
HIV. Further studies indicated that HIV-2 is derived from the SIVsmm strain found in sooty mangabeys, whereas HIV-1, the predominant virus found in humans, is derived from SIV strains infecting chimpanzees (SIVcpz).
1932:
do not necessarily give rise to population-wide new organisms. The rate of proliferation of quasispecies has significant implication for host immune control, and therefore virulence of the organism.
1715:
It is not believed that chimpanzees are the original hosts of an independent lineage of SIV, but rather that SIVcpz is a relatively recent acquisition resulting from a recombination of SIVgsn (
2753:"Discovery and full genome characterization of two highly divergent simian immunodeficiency viruses infecting black-and-white colobus monkeys (Colobus guereza) in Kibale National Park, Uganda"
1757:
The SIV virion is a spherical to pleomorphic glycoprotein envelope 110-120 nm across enclosing a 110x50nm truncated cone or wedge-shaped (occasionally rod) capsid containing a
1707:
Immunodeficiency resembling human AIDS was reported in captive monkeys in the United States beginning in 1983. SIV was isolated in 1985 from some of these animals, captive
2199:
1699:
In addition to the subgroups defined for extent SIVs, two endogenous SIVs are found in prosimian lemurs. These paleo-SIVs form a basal branch relative to extant SIVs.
1723:) within the host chimpanzee. It is known that chimpanzees hunt and consume these monkeys for food. In 2010, researchers reported that SIV had infected monkeys in
304:
code of SIV is 61.0.6.5.003. Although HIV-1 and HIV-2 cladistically fall into SIV, ICTV considers them distinct species from ordinary, non-human-infecting SIV.
3843:
2915:
Daniel MD, Letvin NL, King NW, Kannagi M, Sehgal PK, Hunt RD, et al. (June 1985). "Isolation of T-cell tropic HTLV-III-like retrovirus from macaques".
4421:
1636:
2344:
Worobey M, Telfer P, Souquière S, Hunter M, Coleman CA, Metzger MJ, et al. (September 2010). "Island biogeography reveals the deep history of SIV".
3912:
3860:
4438:
3055:
1940:
4401:
4384:
4367:
235:
viruses. The most likely route of transmission of HIV-1 to humans involves contact with the blood of chimps and gorillas that are often hunted for
3628:
3561:"Neutralization-resistant" refers to strains which are not able to be neutralized by the native immune response due to compensating mutation; see
3464:"Shifts in microbial diversity, composition, and functionality in the gut and genital microbiome during a natural SIV infection in vervet monkeys"
4863:
3736:
1948:, grouped by similarity. Red cells are from monkeys infected with simian-human immunodeficiency virus, while blue cells are from uninfected ones.
200:
about 11,000 years ago, it has been concluded that SIV has been present in monkeys and apes for at least 32,000 years, and probably much longer.
4704:
4633:
4616:
4280:
4005:
3740:
4876:
4582:
4091:
4057:
1926:
The speed and transcription inaccuracies of RNA viruses give rise to antigenically distinct varieties in a single host animal. These
4850:
2287:
Peeters M, Courgnaud V (2002). Kuiken C, Foley B, Freed E, Hahn B, Korber B, Marx PA, McCutchan FE, Mellors JW, Wolinsky S (eds.).
2169:
1762:
3310:"SIVagm infection in wild African green monkeys from South Africa: epidemiology, natural history, and evolutionary considerations"
2296:. HIV sequence compendium. Los Alamos, NM: Theoretical Biology and Biophysics Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory. pp. 2–23
4815:
2179:
3767:
2686:
1784:
248:, that it finally took hold, spreading beyond localized decimations of a few individuals or single small tribal populations.
4336:
2217:
3364:"Factors associated with siman immunodeficiency virus transmission in a natural African nonhuman primate host in the wild"
2488:"CCR5 as a Coreceptor for Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses: A Prototypic Love-Hate Affair"
4755:
4234:
2318:
3979:
2255:
1846:
Differences in species specificity of SIV and related retroviruses may be partly explained by variants of the protein
4031:
2628:
Ahuka-Mundeke S, Ayouba A, Mbala-Kingebeni P, Liegeois F, Esteban A, Lunguya-Metila O, et al. (December 2011).
3079:"A transitional endogenous lentivirus from the genome of a basal primate and implications for lentivirus evolution"
2185:
4881:
3051:
3901:
3886:
1862:, which exerts antiretroviral immune activity, may also be important in restricting cross-species transmission.
4914:
4676:
2229:
268:
The simian (monkey-hosted) immunodeficiency viruses are a species of retrovirus in the
Primate group of genus
4760:
4551:
4330:
4312:
4259:
2288:
2225:
2221:
4516:
4202:
4197:
4143:
4541:
4208:
4173:
3128:
Heeney JL, Dalgleish AG, Weiss RA (July 2006). "Origins of HIV and the evolution of resistance to AIDS".
2191:
3745:
4193:
3760:
2118:
252:
disease in these primates, despite high levels of circulating virus. Regulation of the activity of the
48:
3235:
4909:
4571:
4511:
4168:
3896:
3577:"Vaccine protection against acquisition of neutralization-resistant SIV challenges in rhesus monkeys"
1716:
4546:
4324:
1889:+ssRNA → -ssDNA → dsDNA → +ssRNA (viral genome) → +ssmRNA → viral protein
3726:, Vol 8, No 5, May 2002. Contains a picture of the relationship among the various SIV/HIV strains.
3462:
Jasinska AJ, Dong TS, Lagishetty V, Katzka W, Jacobs JP, Schmitt CA, et al. (November 2020).
256:
coreceptor is one of the natural strategies to avoid disease in some natural host species of SIV.
3832:
3515:"Ancient hybridization and strong adaptation to viruses across African vervet monkey populations"
2545:
2126:
appear to avoid simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and its effects, though it is not known why.
1686:
3513:
Svardal H, Jasinska AJ, Apetrei C, Coppola G, Huang Y, Schmitt CA, et al. (December 2017).
2237:
is another virus that came from simians and into human populations in the mid twentieth century.
4868:
4777:
4521:
4506:
3827:
3562:
3077:
Gifford, RJ; Katzourakis, A; Tristem, M; Pybus, OG; Winters, M; Shafer, RW (23 December 2008).
2702:
Peeters M, Courgnaud V, Abela B, Auzel P, Pourrut X, Bibollet-Ruche F, et al. (May 2002).
2142:
by neutralization-resistant SIV strains could be partially prevented through use of an anti-SIV
1616:
3649:
Hansen SG, Piatak M, Ventura AB, Hughes CM, Gilbride RM, Ford JC, et al. (October 2013).
4904:
4732:
4269:
4254:
4214:
3780:
3753:
3720:"Risk to Human Health from a Plethora of Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses in Primate Bushmeat"
2853:
Letvin NL, Eaton KA, Aldrich WR, Sehgal PK, Blake BJ, Schlossman SF, et al. (May 1983).
2704:"Risk to human health from a plethora of simian immunodeficiency viruses in primate bushmeat"
1659:
1655:
1651:
1597:
3250:"Increased mortality and AIDS-like immunopathology in wild chimpanzees infected with SIVcpz"
2751:
Lauck M, Switzer WM, Sibley SD, Hyeroba D, Tumukunde A, Weny G, et al. (October 2013).
4837:
3662:
3588:
3261:
3137:
2924:
2866:
2353:
2207:
1590:
241:
43:
2562:
8:
4074:
3248:
Keele BF, Jones JH, Terio KA, Estes JD, Rudicell RS, Wilson ML, et al. (July 2009).
3179:
Pandrea, Ivona; Sodora, Donald L.; Silvestri, Guido; Apetrei, Cristian (September 2008).
1720:
1640:
1628:
1559:
3719:
3666:
3592:
3362:
Ma D, Jasinska AJ, Feyertag F, Wijewardana V, Kristoff J, He T, et al. (May 2014).
3308:
Ma D, Jasinska A, Kristoff J, Grobler JP, Turner T, Jung Y, et al. (January 2013).
3265:
3141:
2928:
2870:
2402:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
2357:
4447:
4410:
4148:
3683:
3650:
3609:
3576:
3539:
3514:
3490:
3463:
3439:
3412:
3388:
3363:
3336:
3309:
3282:
3249:
3213:
3180:
3161:
3105:
3078:
3028:
3003:
2976:
2960:"Histopathologic changes in macaques with an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)"
2959:
2830:
2803:
2779:
2752:
2728:
2703:
2654:
2629:
2605:
2580:
2522:
2487:
2463:
2446:
2422:
2397:
2377:
2203:
1928:
1624:
1586:
3575:
Barouch DH, Liu J, Li H, Maxfield LF, Abbink P, Lynch DM, et al. (January 2012).
2889:
2854:
240:
multiple times throughout history, but it was not until recently, after the advent of
4824:
4452:
4356:
4341:
4225:
4123:
3891:
3877:
3688:
3614:
3544:
3495:
3444:
3393:
3341:
3287:
3218:
3200:
3153:
3110:
3033:
2981:
2940:
2894:
2835:
2784:
2733:
2682:
2659:
2610:
2527:
2509:
2468:
2427:
2369:
2213:
2195:
1758:
1744:
primate lineages. That date barely antedates the emergence of the primates 87.7 Ma.
1667:
1663:
1620:
1551:
284:
216:
3411:
Kapusinszky B, Mulvaney U, Jasinska AJ, Deng X, Freimer N, Delwart E (August 2015).
3165:
3019:
2381:
2290:
Overview of
Primate Lentiviruses and their Evolution in Non-human Primates in Africa
4919:
4829:
4274:
3678:
3670:
3604:
3596:
3534:
3526:
3485:
3475:
3434:
3424:
3383:
3375:
3331:
3321:
3277:
3269:
3208:
3192:
3145:
3100:
3090:
3023:
3015:
2971:
2932:
2884:
2874:
2825:
2815:
2774:
2764:
2723:
2715:
2649:
2641:
2600:
2592:
2517:
2499:
2458:
2417:
2409:
2361:
1850:
in humans and non-human primate species. This intracellular protein recognizes the
1675:
1647:
204:
189:
4318:
4245:
4184:
4134:
3818:
3785:
3326:
2820:
1728:
1682:
1605:
109:
97:
85:
3708:
2596:
4800:
4486:
4475:
4159:
3948:
3807:
3480:
3181:"Into the Wild: Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Infection in Natural Hosts"
3083:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2859:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2323:
2139:
1945:
1854:
of various retroviruses and blocks their reproduction. Other proteins, such as
1708:
1671:
1582:
1578:
1563:
208:
2630:"Novel multiplexed HIV/simian immunodeficiency virus antibody detection assay"
2504:
4898:
4046:
3959:
3796:
3204:
3196:
2769:
2513:
2114:
1737:
1690:
1632:
1601:
3149:
3095:
2936:
2365:
197:
4650:
4532:
4264:
3937:
3692:
3618:
3548:
3499:
3448:
3397:
3345:
3291:
3222:
3157:
3114:
3037:
2879:
2839:
2788:
2737:
2719:
2663:
2645:
2614:
2531:
2472:
2431:
2413:
2373:
1571:
294:
121:
2985:
2944:
2898:
2627:
4809:
4687:
4562:
3994:
3970:
3775:
3429:
3379:
2679:
Models of Protection Against HIV/SIV: Avoiding AIDS in Humans and Monkeys
1847:
4855:
3674:
3600:
3273:
4745:
4667:
4497:
4291:
4112:
2804:"Parallel germline infiltration of a lentivirus in two Malagasy lemurs"
2147:
1741:
289:
270:
181:
145:
133:
3236:
Chimpanzees Do Die From Simian AIDS, Study Finds by Lawrence K. Altman
1539:
Phylogenetic relations between simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs)
4599:
4022:
1965:
high level of virus replication during primary infection (0–180 days)
184:
that cause persistent infections in at least 45 species of non-human
73:
4771:
3530:
297:
of all RNA retroviruses (RNA viruses which use a DNA intermediate).
4794:
2855:"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a colony of macaque monkeys"
2175:
1859:
1855:
1612:
1567:
245:
236:
220:
30:
2802:
Gilbert, C; Maxfield, DG; Goodman, SM; Feschotte, C (March 2009).
1956:
1555:
212:
185:
38:
SIV virion model obtained with cryo-electron microscopy scanning
3629:"J&J AIDS Vaccine Helps Protect Monkeys From Virus in Study"
3413:"Local Virus Extinctions following a Host Population Bottleneck"
4842:
4740:
3410:
2801:
2123:
1851:
301:
3076:
3776:
3512:
3361:
3178:
1724:
279:
275:
228:
224:
193:
60:
3739:, including links to subspecies and sequence data, from the
3461:
2343:
4750:
2234:
2057:
2038:
253:
2701:
4300:
3648:
3307:
2750:
2444:
2256:"Genetic Diversity of Lentiviruses in Non-Human Primates"
2163:
232:
3004:"Simian immunodeficiency virus infection of chimpanzees"
2852:
2138:
In 2012, researchers reported that initial infection of
188:. Based on analysis of strains found in four species of
2914:
1961:
The similarities of the two types of virus infections:
1828:
Structural proteins (envelope): SU, TM(gag): MA, CA, NC
2485:
1785:
Structure and genome of HIV § Genome organization
3651:"Immune clearance of highly pathogenic SIV infection"
2676:
2253:
2212:
Related viruses also cause disease in other mammals:
1988:
early cytokine production (0–10 days after infection)
1975:
The differences (what happens in nonhuman primates):
3574:
3247:
3127:
2316:
3627:
2319:"Precursor to H.I.V. Was in Monkeys for Millennia"
1982:stable level of viral replication (180 days-years)
1662:), SIVgsn/SIVmon/SIVmus 1/SIVmus 2 clade, SIVtal (
4896:
3238:Chimpanzees Do Die from Simian AIDS, Study Finds
2486:Jasinska AJ, Pandrea I, Apetrei C (2022-01-27).
2286:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2398:"The evolution of HIV-1 and the origin of AIDS"
207:from three of these primate species, SIVsmm in
4281:Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus
3741:International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses
3625:
2957:
2910:
2908:
1957:SIV/HIV infection similarities and differences
4484:
3805:
3761:
3001:
2997:
2995:
2958:King NW, Hunt RD, Letvin NL (December 1983).
2795:
2567:
2447:"Origin and diversity of human retroviruses"
2182:, transmission from other primates to humans
2166:, the human version of SIV which causes AIDS
1732:and not suffer any harm from the infection.
3044:
2951:
2905:
2846:
2585:Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine
2312:
2310:
2247:
1968:high level of CD4+ T-cell loss (0–180 days)
3968:
3768:
3754:
2992:
2317:McNeil Donald G. Jr (September 16, 2010).
1971:restricted role of humoral immune response
196:, which was isolated from the mainland by
29:
3682:
3608:
3538:
3489:
3479:
3438:
3428:
3387:
3335:
3325:
3281:
3212:
3104:
3094:
3052:"HIV precursor in monkeys ancient: study"
3027:
3002:Sharp PM, Shaw GM, Hahn BH (April 2005).
2975:
2888:
2878:
2829:
2819:
2778:
2768:
2727:
2677:Pancino G, Silvestri G, Fowke KR (2012).
2653:
2604:
2578:
2521:
2503:
2462:
2421:
2395:
1997:establishment of anti-inflammatory milieu
2445:Peeters M, D'Arc M, Delaporte E (2014).
2307:
2254:Peeters M, Courgnaud V, Abela B (2001).
2170:Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus
1939:
1689:), SIVkcol 2, SIVblc (formerly SIVbcm) (
1752:
4897:
2581:"Origins of HIV and the AIDS pandemic"
2280:
1837:Accessory proteins: Nef, Vpr, Vpx, Vif
4776:
4775:
3749:
3357:
3355:
3303:
3301:
2190:Other simian exogenous retroviruses:
2172:, a classification which includes SIV
1994:high level of functional immune cells
1727:for at least 32,000 years. Based on
4337:Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus
2579:Sharp PM, Hahn BH (September 2011).
4756:Human teratocarcinoma-derived virus
4235:Walleye epidermal hyperplasia virus
3709:"HIV origin 'found in wild chimps'"
3058:from the original on March 25, 2013
2133:
13:
3980:Caenorhabditis elegans Cer13 virus
3702:
3626:Simeon Bennett (January 4, 2012).
3352:
3298:
1763:positive-sense single-stranded RNA
1546:distinct groups and one subgroup:
14:
4931:
4032:Caenorhabditis elegans Cer1 virus
3730:
2964:The American Journal of Pathology
2563:ICTV database entry: 61.0.6.5.003
2396:Sharp PM, Hahn BH (August 2010).
1991:normal level of immune activation
4303:(human immunodeficiency viruses)
2186:List of zoonotic primate viruses
47:
4307:Simian immunodeficiency viruses
3902:Woolly monkey hepatitis B virus
3887:Ground squirrel hepatitis virus
3642:
3568:
3555:
3506:
3455:
3404:
3241:
3229:
3172:
3121:
3070:
3054:. CBC News. 17 September 2010.
3020:10.1128/JVI.79.7.3891-3902.2005
2744:
2695:
2670:
2621:
2001:
1935:
1921:
4677:Soybean chlorotic mottle virus
4325:Equine infectious anemia virus
2556:
2538:
2479:
2438:
2389:
2337:
1865:
1:
4816:Simian immunodeficiency virus
4786:Simian immunodeficiency virus
4761:Human Endogenous Retrovirus-W
4552:Strawberry vein banding virus
4331:Bovine immunodeficiency virus
4313:Feline immunodeficiency virus
4260:Abelson murine leukemia virus
2241:
2146:vaccine obligately including
699: grp iii/agm
274:along with the human viruses
171:Simian immunodeficiency virus
160:Simian immunodeficiency virus
23:Simian immunodeficiency virus
4517:Kalanchoe top-spotting virus
4144:Avian sarcoma leukosis virus
3724:Emerging Infectious Diseases
3327:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003011
2821:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000425
2708:Emerging Infectious Diseases
2634:Emerging Infectious Diseases
1979:lower level of CCR5+ T-cells
287:, which together with genus
7:
4542:Carnation etched ring virus
4209:Simian-T-lymphotropic virus
4174:Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus
2597:10.1101/cshperspect.a006841
2192:simian-T-lymphotropic virus
2157:
1985:restoration of CD4+ T-cells
1778:
1747:
1600:): SIVsab, SIVver, SIVgri (
263:
221:crossed the species barrier
10:
4936:
4194:Human T-lymphotropic virus
3481:10.1186/s40168-020-00928-4
2119:University of Pennsylvania
1841:
1782:
1717:greater spot-nosed monkeys
1702:
1128: (grp vi)
307:
223:into humans, resulting in
4784:
4731:
4702:
4685:
4665:
4648:
4631:
4614:
4597:
4580:
4572:Cassava vein mosaic virus
4560:
4530:
4512:Cacao swollen shoot virus
4495:
4473:
4436:
4419:
4399:
4382:
4365:
4354:
4289:
4243:
4223:
4182:
4169:Mouse mammary tumor virus
4157:
4132:
4121:
4110:
4089:
4072:
4055:
4044:
4020:
4003:
3992:
3957:
3946:
3935:
3910:
3897:Woodchuck hepatitis virus
3875:
3858:
3841:
3816:
3794:
3563:HIV-1 related information
2505:10.3389/fimmu.2022.835994
2200:gibbon-ape leukemia virus
1944:About 100,000 cells from
1834:Gene regulators: Tat, Rev
1768:
1486:
1463:
1449:
1441:
1433:
1419:
1406:
1398:
1357:
1343:
1335:
1321:
1313:
1290:
1268:
1254:
1213:
1191:
1168:
1154:
1146:
1138:
1130:
1116:
1109:
1095:
1087:
1079:
1071:
1063:
1055:
1047:
997:
983:
975:
952:
938:
930:
922:
899:
876:
853:
839:
831:
823:
815:
808:
785:
762:
739:
725:
717:
709:
701:
669:
646:
632:
609:
593:
585:
577:
569:
528:
514:
506:
483:
469:
461:
453:
430:
407:
384:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
321:
42:
37:
28:
21:
4547:Cauliflower mosaic virus
3197:10.1016/j.it.2008.05.004
2770:10.1186/1742-4690-10-107
1678:), SIVblu (blue monkey)
806: grp iv
567: grp ii
3833:Heron hepatitis B virus
3150:10.1126/science.1123016
3096:10.1073/pnas.0807873105
2937:10.1126/science.3159089
2681:. Elsevier. p. 6.
2492:Frontiers in Immunology
2366:10.1126/science.1193550
1687:black-and-white colobus
1045: grp v
334: grp i
219:, are believed to have
4522:Rubus yellow net virus
4507:Banana streak MY virus
3828:Duck hepatitis B virus
2880:10.1073/pnas.80.9.2718
2720:10.3201/eid0805.010522
2646:10.3201/eid1712.110783
2546:"Taxon Details | ICTV"
2414:10.1098/rstb.2010.0031
1949:
231:respectively, the two
4915:Animal viral diseases
4270:Feline leukemia virus
4255:Murine leukemia virus
4215:Bovine leukemia virus
1943:
1883:reverse transcription
1783:Further information:
1598:African green monkeys
242:modern transportation
16:Species of retrovirus
3781:Reverse transcribing
3430:10.1128/jvi.00671-15
3380:10.1128/JVI.03606-13
3185:Trends in Immunology
2208:simian sarcoma virus
1753:Structure and genome
1721:red-capped mangabeys
1591:stump-tailed macaque
44:Virus classification
3844:Herpetohepadnavirus
3675:10.1038/nature12519
3667:2013Natur.502..100H
3601:10.1038/nature10766
3593:2012Natur.482...89B
3417:Journal of Virology
3368:Journal of Virology
3274:10.1038/nature08200
3266:2009Natur.460..515K
3142:2006Sci...313..462H
3008:Journal of Virology
2929:1985Sci...228.1201D
2923:(4704): 1201–1204.
2871:1983PNAS...80.2718L
2408:(1552): 2487–2494.
2358:2010Sci...329.1487W
1831:Enzymes: RT, PR, IN
1641:Tshuapa red colobus
1629:western red colobus
1577:ii) HIV-2, SIVsmm (
1560:red-capped mangabey
4448:Simian foamy virus
4422:Prosimiispumavirus
4411:Feline foamy virus
4149:Rous sarcoma virus
3737:Description of SIV
2204:simian foamy virus
2150:protein antigens.
1950:
1660:Wolf's mona monkey
1656:Dent's mona monkey
1652:De Brazza's monkey
1637:Kibale red colobus
1587:pig-tailed macaque
1550:i) HIV-1, SIVcpz (
246:global commuterism
180:) is a species of
4892:
4891:
4778:Taxon identifiers
4769:
4768:
4727:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4719:
4718:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4453:Human foamy virus
4357:Spumaretrovirinae
4350:
4349:
4342:Visna-maedi virus
4226:Epsilonretrovirus
4124:Orthoretrovirinae
4106:
4105:
4040:
4039:
3988:
3987:
3931:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3892:Hepatitis B virus
3878:Orthohepadnavirus
3661:(7469): 100–104.
3525:(12): 1705–1713.
3423:(16): 8152–8161.
3374:(10): 5687–5705.
3260:(7254): 515–519.
3136:(5786): 462–466.
2688:978-0-12-387715-4
2640:(12): 2277–2286.
2196:simian retrovirus
2112:
2111:
1904:protein synthesis
1668:red-tailed guenon
1664:northern talapoin
1621:sun-tailed monkey
1543:
1542:
1533:
1532:
1524:
1523:
1515:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1497:
1496:
1474:
1473:
1386:
1385:
1377:
1376:
1368:
1367:
1301:
1300:
1279:
1278:
1242:
1241:
1233:
1232:
1224:
1223:
1202:
1201:
1179:
1178:
1035:
1034:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1016:
1008:
1007:
963:
962:
910:
909:
887:
886:
864:
863:
796:
795:
773:
772:
750:
749:
689:
688:
680:
679:
657:
656:
620:
619:
557:
556:
548:
547:
539:
538:
494:
493:
441:
440:
418:
417:
395:
394:
285:orthoretrovirinae
198:rising sea levels
167:
166:
4927:
4910:Primate diseases
4885:
4884:
4872:
4871:
4859:
4858:
4846:
4845:
4833:
4832:
4820:
4819:
4818:
4805:
4804:
4803:
4773:
4772:
4493:
4492:
4482:
4481:
4476:dsDNA-RT viruses
4363:
4362:
4275:Koala retrovirus
4130:
4129:
4119:
4118:
4053:
4052:
4001:
4000:
3966:
3965:
3955:
3954:
3949:ssRNA-RT viruses
3944:
3943:
3913:Parahepadnavirus
3861:Metahepadnavirus
3814:
3813:
3803:
3802:
3770:
3763:
3756:
3747:
3746:
3711:BBC News article
3697:
3696:
3686:
3646:
3640:
3637:
3631:
3622:
3612:
3572:
3566:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3510:
3504:
3503:
3493:
3483:
3459:
3453:
3452:
3442:
3432:
3408:
3402:
3401:
3391:
3359:
3350:
3349:
3339:
3329:
3305:
3296:
3295:
3285:
3245:
3239:
3233:
3227:
3226:
3216:
3176:
3170:
3169:
3125:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3098:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3048:
3042:
3041:
3031:
3014:(7): 3891–3902.
2999:
2990:
2989:
2979:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2912:
2903:
2902:
2892:
2882:
2865:(9): 2718–2722.
2850:
2844:
2843:
2833:
2823:
2799:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2772:
2748:
2742:
2741:
2731:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2674:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2608:
2576:
2565:
2560:
2554:
2553:
2542:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2507:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2466:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2425:
2393:
2387:
2385:
2341:
2335:
2334:
2332:
2331:
2314:
2305:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2295:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2260:
2251:
2134:Vaccine research
2006:
2005:
1676:red-eared guenon
1617:L'hoest's monkey
1444:
1443:
1436:
1435:
1401:
1400:
1338:
1337:
1316:
1315:
1149:
1148:
1141:
1140:
1133:
1132:
1112:
1111:
1090:
1089:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1073:
1066:
1065:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1049:
978:
977:
933:
932:
925:
924:
834:
833:
826:
825:
818:
817:
811:
810:
720:
719:
712:
711:
704:
703:
588:
587:
580:
579:
572:
571:
509:
508:
464:
463:
456:
455:
363:
362:
355:
354:
347:
346:
339:
338:
331:
330:
324:
323:
317:
316:
312:
311:
52:
51:
33:
19:
18:
4935:
4934:
4930:
4929:
4928:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4895:
4894:
4893:
4888:
4880:
4875:
4867:
4862:
4854:
4849:
4841:
4836:
4828:
4823:
4814:
4813:
4808:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4780:
4770:
4765:
4715:
4698:
4681:
4661:
4644:
4627:
4610:
4593:
4576:
4556:
4526:
4457:
4439:Simiispumavirus
4432:
4415:
4395:
4378:
4346:
4319:Puma lentivirus
4285:
4246:Gammaretrovirus
4239:
4219:
4185:Deltaretrovirus
4178:
4153:
4135:Alpharetrovirus
4102:
4085:
4068:
4036:
4016:
3984:
3923:
3906:
3871:
3854:
3837:
3819:Avihepadnavirus
3790:
3786:Revtraviricetes
3774:
3733:
3705:
3703:Further reading
3700:
3647:
3643:
3587:(7383): 89–93.
3573:
3569:
3560:
3556:
3531:10.1038/ng.3980
3519:Nature Genetics
3511:
3507:
3460:
3456:
3409:
3405:
3360:
3353:
3320:(1): e1003011.
3306:
3299:
3246:
3242:
3234:
3230:
3177:
3173:
3126:
3122:
3089:(51): 20362–7.
3075:
3071:
3061:
3059:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3000:
2993:
2956:
2952:
2913:
2906:
2851:
2847:
2814:(3): e1000425.
2800:
2796:
2749:
2745:
2700:
2696:
2689:
2675:
2671:
2626:
2622:
2577:
2568:
2561:
2557:
2544:
2543:
2539:
2484:
2480:
2443:
2439:
2394:
2390:
2342:
2338:
2329:
2327:
2315:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2272:
2270:
2258:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2160:
2145:
2136:
2103:Sooty mangabey
2073:P. Troglodytes
2004:
1959:
1946:rhesus macaques
1938:
1924:
1890:
1868:
1844:
1787:
1781:
1771:
1755:
1750:
1729:molecular clock
1709:rhesus macaques
1705:
1683:colobus guereza
1625:Preuss's guenon
1606:tantalus monkey
1534:
1525:
1516:
1507:
1498:
1475:
1387:
1378:
1369:
1302:
1280:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1203:
1180:
1036:
1027:
1018:
1009:
964:
911:
888:
865:
797:
774:
751:
690:
681:
658:
621:
558:
549:
540:
495:
442:
419:
396:
310:
266:
209:sooty mangabeys
163:
111:Revtraviricetes
46:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4933:
4923:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4890:
4889:
4887:
4886:
4873:
4860:
4847:
4834:
4821:
4806:
4790:
4788:
4782:
4781:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4737:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4725:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4679:
4673:
4671:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4612:
4611:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4595:
4594:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4568:
4566:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4538:
4536:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4503:
4501:
4490:
4487:Caulimoviridae
4479:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4444:
4442:
4434:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4417:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4407:
4405:
4402:Felispumavirus
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:Equispumavirus
4380:
4379:
4377:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:Bovispumavirus
4360:
4352:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4345:
4344:
4339:
4334:
4328:
4322:
4316:
4310:
4304:
4297:
4295:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4251:
4249:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4221:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4200:
4190:
4188:
4180:
4179:
4177:
4176:
4171:
4165:
4163:
4160:Betaretrovirus
4155:
4154:
4152:
4151:
4146:
4140:
4138:
4127:
4116:
4108:
4107:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4050:
4042:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4035:
4034:
4028:
4026:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4014:
4011:
4009:
3998:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3985:
3983:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3963:
3952:
3941:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3924:
3922:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3881:
3873:
3872:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3856:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3822:
3811:
3808:Hepadnaviridae
3800:
3792:
3791:
3773:
3772:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3744:
3743:
3732:
3731:External links
3729:
3728:
3727:
3712:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3567:
3554:
3505:
3454:
3403:
3351:
3314:PLOS Pathogens
3297:
3240:
3228:
3191:(9): 419–428.
3171:
3120:
3069:
3043:
2991:
2970:(3): 382–388.
2950:
2904:
2845:
2794:
2743:
2714:(5): 451–457.
2694:
2687:
2669:
2620:
2591:(1): a006841.
2566:
2555:
2537:
2478:
2437:
2388:
2352:(5998): 1487.
2336:
2324:New York Times
2306:
2279:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2232:
2210:
2188:
2183:
2180:Origin of AIDS
2173:
2167:
2159:
2156:
2143:
2140:rhesus monkeys
2135:
2132:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2068:
2067:SIVrcm/SIVgsn
2065:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2041:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1958:
1955:
1937:
1934:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1888:
1887:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1867:
1864:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1775:
1774:coding regions
1770:
1767:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1719:) and SIVrcm (
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1685:), SIVkcol 1 (
1672:black mangabey
1644:
1611:iv) SIVmnd 1 (
1609:
1594:
1583:rhesus macaque
1579:sooty mangabey
1575:
1564:agile mangabey
1541:
1540:
1536:
1535:
1531:
1530:
1527:
1526:
1522:
1521:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1485:
1481:
1480:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1458:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1432:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1298:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1263:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1145:
1139:
1137:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1094:
1088:
1086:
1080:
1078:
1072:
1070:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1006:
1005:
1002:
1001:
996:
992:
991:
988:
987:
982:
976:
974:
970:
969:
966:
965:
961:
960:
957:
956:
951:
947:
946:
943:
942:
937:
931:
929:
923:
921:
917:
916:
913:
912:
908:
907:
904:
903:
898:
894:
893:
890:
889:
885:
884:
881:
880:
875:
871:
870:
867:
866:
862:
861:
858:
857:
852:
848:
847:
844:
843:
838:
832:
830:
824:
822:
816:
814:
809:
807:
803:
802:
799:
798:
794:
793:
790:
789:
784:
780:
779:
776:
775:
771:
770:
767:
766:
761:
757:
756:
753:
752:
748:
747:
744:
743:
738:
734:
733:
730:
729:
724:
718:
716:
710:
708:
702:
700:
696:
695:
692:
691:
687:
686:
683:
682:
678:
677:
674:
673:
668:
664:
663:
660:
659:
655:
654:
651:
650:
645:
641:
640:
637:
636:
631:
627:
626:
623:
622:
618:
617:
614:
613:
608:
604:
603:
600:
599:
592:
586:
584:
578:
576:
570:
568:
564:
563:
560:
559:
555:
554:
551:
550:
546:
545:
542:
541:
537:
536:
533:
532:
527:
523:
522:
519:
518:
513:
507:
505:
501:
500:
497:
496:
492:
491:
488:
487:
482:
478:
477:
474:
473:
468:
462:
460:
454:
452:
448:
447:
444:
443:
439:
438:
435:
434:
429:
425:
424:
421:
420:
416:
415:
412:
411:
406:
402:
401:
398:
397:
393:
392:
389:
388:
383:
379:
378:
375:
374:
367:
361:
359:
353:
351:
345:
343:
337:
335:
329:
327:
322:
320:
315:
309:
306:
265:
262:
215:and SIVcpz in
165:
164:
157:
155:
151:
150:
143:
139:
138:
131:
127:
126:
119:
115:
114:
107:
103:
102:
99:Artverviricota
95:
91:
90:
83:
79:
78:
71:
64:
63:
58:
54:
53:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4932:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4883:
4878:
4874:
4870:
4865:
4861:
4857:
4852:
4848:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4831:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4811:
4807:
4802:
4796:
4792:
4791:
4789:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4762:
4759:
4757:
4754:
4752:
4749:
4747:
4744:
4742:
4739:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4689:
4684:
4678:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4664:
4658:
4657:
4655:
4653:
4652:
4647:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4623:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4613:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4601:
4596:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4573:
4570:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4537:
4535:
4534:
4529:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4500:
4499:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4488:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4472:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4429:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4423:
4418:
4412:
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4386:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4369:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4323:
4320:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4308:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4298:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4288:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4247:
4242:
4236:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4213:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4192:
4191:
4189:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4161:
4156:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4125:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4060:
4059:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4048:
4047:Pseudoviridae
4043:
4033:
4030:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4007:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3996:
3991:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3972:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3961:
3960:Belpaoviridae
3956:
3953:
3950:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3939:
3934:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3857:
3851:
3850:
3848:
3846:
3845:
3840:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3825:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3798:
3797:Blubervirales
3793:
3788:
3787:
3782:
3778:
3771:
3766:
3764:
3759:
3757:
3752:
3751:
3748:
3742:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3725:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3694:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3645:
3635:
3630:
3624:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3571:
3564:
3558:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3509:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3458:
3450:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3407:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3358:
3356:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3304:
3302:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3244:
3237:
3232:
3224:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3175:
3167:
3163:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3124:
3116:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3057:
3053:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
2998:
2996:
2987:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2954:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2930:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2911:
2909:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2849:
2841:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2808:PLOS Genetics
2805:
2798:
2790:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2757:Retrovirology
2754:
2747:
2739:
2735:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2698:
2690:
2684:
2680:
2673:
2665:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2624:
2616:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2564:
2559:
2551:
2547:
2541:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2482:
2474:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2433:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2392:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2340:
2326:
2325:
2320:
2313:
2311:
2292:
2291:
2283:
2268:
2264:
2257:
2250:
2246:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2161:
2155:
2151:
2149:
2141:
2131:
2127:
2125:
2120:
2116:
2115:Beatrice Hahn
2107:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2059:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2007:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1962:
1954:
1947:
1942:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1873:
1870:
1869:
1863:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1788:
1786:
1773:
1772:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1700:
1692:
1691:black colobus
1688:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1648:Sykes' monkey
1645:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1633:olive colobus
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1607:
1603:
1602:grivet monkey
1599:
1596:iii) SIVagm (
1595:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1566:), SIVmnd 2 (
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1538:
1537:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1519:
1511:
1510:
1502:
1501:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1482:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1438:
1437:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1395:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1310:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1297:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1265:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1246:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1143:
1142:
1135:
1134:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1031:
1030:
1022:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1004:
1003:
1000:
994:
993:
990:
989:
986:
980:
979:
972:
971:
968:
967:
959:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
944:
941:
935:
934:
927:
926:
919:
918:
915:
914:
906:
905:
902:
896:
895:
892:
891:
883:
882:
879:
873:
872:
869:
868:
860:
859:
856:
850:
849:
846:
845:
842:
836:
835:
828:
827:
820:
819:
813:
812:
805:
804:
801:
800:
792:
791:
788:
782:
781:
778:
777:
769:
768:
765:
759:
758:
755:
754:
746:
745:
742:
736:
735:
732:
731:
728:
722:
721:
714:
713:
706:
705:
698:
697:
694:
693:
685:
684:
676:
675:
672:
666:
665:
662:
661:
653:
652:
649:
643:
642:
639:
638:
635:
629:
628:
625:
624:
616:
615:
612:
606:
605:
602:
601:
598:
597:
590:
589:
582:
581:
574:
573:
566:
565:
562:
561:
553:
552:
544:
543:
535:
534:
531:
525:
524:
521:
520:
517:
511:
510:
503:
502:
499:
498:
490:
489:
486:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
466:
465:
458:
457:
450:
449:
446:
445:
437:
436:
433:
427:
426:
423:
422:
414:
413:
410:
404:
403:
400:
399:
391:
390:
387:
381:
380:
377:
376:
373:
372:
365:
364:
357:
356:
349:
348:
341:
340:
333:
332:
326:
325:
319:
318:
314:
313:
305:
303:
298:
296:
292:
291:
286:
281:
277:
273:
272:
261:
257:
255:
249:
247:
243:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
178:
173:
172:
162:
161:
156:
153:
152:
149:
148:
144:
141:
140:
137:
136:
132:
129:
128:
125:
124:
120:
117:
116:
113:
112:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:
84:
81:
80:
77:
76:
72:
69:
66:
65:
62:
59:
56:
55:
50:
45:
41:
36:
32:
27:
24:
20:
4905:Lentiviruses
4785:
4705:Vaccinivirus
4703:
4686:
4666:
4651:Solendovirus
4649:
4634:Ruflodivirus
4632:
4617:Rosadnavirus
4615:
4598:
4581:
4561:
4533:Caulimovirus
4531:
4496:
4485:
4437:
4420:
4400:
4383:
4366:
4355:
4306:
4290:
4265:Friend virus
4244:
4224:
4183:
4158:
4133:
4122:
4113:Retroviridae
4111:
4090:
4073:
4056:
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2457:(1): 23–34.
2454:
2451:AIDS Reviews
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2349:
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2339:
2328:. Retrieved
2322:
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2289:
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2266:
2263:AIDS Reviews
2262:
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2002:Epidemiology
1974:
1960:
1951:
1936:Pathogenesis
1929:quasispecies
1927:
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1922:Quasispecies
1880:Replication
1845:
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1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
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1756:
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1706:
1698:
1681:vi) SIVcol (
1572:drill monkey
1544:
1487:
1464:
1450:
1420:
1407:
1358:
1344:
1322:
1291:
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370:
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299:
295:retroviridae
293:form family
288:
269:
267:
258:
250:
211:, SIVgor in
202:
194:Bioko Island
176:
175:
170:
169:
168:
159:
158:
146:
135:Retroviridae
134:
123:Ortervirales
122:
110:
98:
87:Pararnavirae
86:
74:
67:
57:(unranked):
22:
4810:Wikispecies
4688:Tungrovirus
4583:Dioscovirus
4563:Cavemovirus
4211:(types 1-4)
4075:Pseudovirus
3995:Metaviridae
3971:Semotivirus
2550:ictv.global
2090:G. gorilla
2070:Chimpanzee
2054:H. sapiens
2035:H. sapiens
1895:integration
1874:Penetration
1866:Replication
1742:monkey-like
1674:), SIVreg (
1670:), SIVbkm (
1666:), SIVasc (
1658:), SIVwol (
1654:), SIVden (
1650:), SIVdeb (
1646:v) SIVsyk (
1639:), SIVtrc (
1635:), SIVkrc (
1631:), SIVolc (
1627:), SIVwrc (
1623:), SIVprg (
1619:), SIVsun (
1615:), SIVlho (
1604:), SIVtan (
1589:), SIVstm (
1585:), SIVmne (
1581:), SIVmac (
1570:), SIVdrl (
1562:), SIVagi (
1558:), SIVrcm (
1554:), SIVgor (
217:chimpanzees
4899:Categories
4733:Endogenous
4668:Soymovirus
4498:Badnavirus
4292:Lentivirus
3474:(1): 154.
3468:Microbiome
2498:: 835994.
2330:2010-09-17
2300:2010-09-19
2273:2020-07-11
2242:References
1917:Maturation
1871:Attachment
1738:lemur-like
1552:chimpanzee
290:Spumavirus
271:Lentivirus
182:retrovirus
147:Lentivirus
4600:Petuvirus
4092:Sirevirus
4058:Hemivirus
4023:Metavirus
3783:viruses (
3634:Bloomberg
3205:1471-4906
2514:1664-3224
1877:Uncoating
1765:genomes.
154:Species:
82:Kingdom:
75:Riboviria
4869:11460794
4856:10617606
4801:Q1890246
4795:Wikidata
3714:Peeters
3693:24025770
3619:22217938
3549:29083404
3500:33158452
3449:26018153
3398:24623416
3346:23349627
3292:19626114
3223:18676179
3166:27673160
3158:16873637
3115:19075221
3056:Archived
3038:15767392
2840:19300488
2789:24139306
2738:11996677
2664:22172157
2615:22229120
2532:35154162
2473:24584106
2432:20643738
2382:37803712
2374:20847261
2198:type D,
2176:Zoonosis
2158:See also
2087:Gorilla
2021:disease
2018:binomial
1907:Assembly
1901:cleavage
1856:APOBEC3G
1779:Proteome
1761:pair of
1748:Virology
1613:mandrill
1568:mandrill
264:Taxonomy
237:bushmeat
213:gorillas
186:primates
130:Family:
94:Phylum:
4920:Simians
4205:, 3, 4)
3684:3849456
3663:Bibcode
3610:3271177
3589:Bibcode
3540:5709169
3491:7648414
3440:4524239
3389:4019088
3337:3547836
3283:2872475
3262:Bibcode
3214:2840226
3138:Bibcode
3130:Science
3106:2603253
3029:1061584
2986:6316791
2977:1916356
2945:3159089
2925:Bibcode
2917:Science
2899:6221343
2867:Bibcode
2831:2651035
2780:4016034
2763:: 107.
2729:2732488
2655:3311211
2606:3234451
2523:8829453
2464:4289907
2423:2935100
2354:Bibcode
2346:Science
2124:Bonobos
2117:of the
2098:SIVsmm
2084:SIVcpz
2081:SIVgor
2064:SIVcpz
2051:humans
2048:SIVsmm
2032:humans
2029:SIVcpz
2012:lineage
1914:Budding
1898:latency
1842:Tropism
1824:vpu/vpx
1790:genes:
1759:dimeric
1703:History
1556:gorilla
1484:
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432:cpzPts
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386:cpzPtt
382:
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350:
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308:Strains
205:strains
190:monkeys
142:Genus:
118:Order:
106:Class:
4843:540001
4746:ERVWE1
4741:ERV-Fc
4327:(EIAV)
4277:(KoRV)
4203:HTLV-2
4198:HTLV-1
3716:et al.
3691:
3681:
3655:Nature
3617:
3607:
3581:Nature
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2372:
2269:: 3–10
2230:horses
2226:cattle
2144:SME543
2108:( - )
2093:( - )
2076:SAIDS
2045:HIV-2
2026:HIV-1
2009:strain
1852:capsid
1848:TRIM5α
1769:Genome
1193:kcol2
1170:kcol1
302:ICTVdB
203:Virus
4882:11723
4864:IRMNG
4830:4XF7K
4333:(BIV)
4321:(PLV)
4315:(FIV)
4309:(SIV)
3777:Virus
3162:S2CID
2378:S2CID
2294:(PDF)
2259:(PDF)
2218:goats
2214:sheep
1725:Bioko
1270:mus1
1118:mus2
901:mnd1
596:HIV-2
485:mnd2
371:HIV-1
280:HIV-2
276:HIV-1
229:HIV-1
225:HIV-2
192:from
68:Realm
61:Virus
4877:NCBI
4851:GBIF
4751:HCP5
3689:PMID
3615:PMID
3545:PMID
3496:PMID
3445:PMID
3394:PMID
3342:PMID
3288:PMID
3219:PMID
3201:ISSN
3154:PMID
3111:PMID
3064:2010
3034:PMID
2982:PMID
2941:PMID
2895:PMID
2836:PMID
2785:PMID
2734:PMID
2683:ISBN
2660:PMID
2611:PMID
2528:PMID
2510:ISSN
2469:PMID
2428:PMID
2370:PMID
2235:SV40
2222:cats
2178:and
2058:AIDS
2039:AIDS
2015:host
1740:and
1488:wol
1465:syk
1451:den
1421:blu
1408:deb
1359:bkm
1345:asc
1323:tal
1292:reg
1256:mon
1215:blc
1156:col
1097:gsn
999:krc
985:trc
954:olc
940:wrc
878:prg
855:sun
841:lho
787:sab
764:tan
741:ver
727:gri
671:smm
648:stm
634:mne
611:mac
530:agi
516:rcm
471:drl
409:gor
300:The
278:and
254:CCR5
244:and
227:and
4838:EoL
4825:CoL
4301:HIV
3679:PMC
3671:doi
3659:502
3605:PMC
3597:doi
3585:482
3535:PMC
3527:doi
3486:PMC
3476:doi
3435:PMC
3425:doi
3384:PMC
3376:doi
3332:PMC
3322:doi
3278:PMC
3270:doi
3258:460
3209:PMC
3193:doi
3146:doi
3134:313
3101:PMC
3091:doi
3087:105
3024:PMC
3016:doi
2972:PMC
2968:113
2933:doi
2921:228
2885:PMC
2875:doi
2826:PMC
2816:doi
2775:PMC
2765:doi
2724:PMC
2716:doi
2650:PMC
2642:doi
2601:PMC
2593:doi
2518:PMC
2500:doi
2459:PMC
2418:PMC
2410:doi
2406:365
2362:doi
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2164:HIV
2148:Env
1820:vif
1816:vpr
1812:nef
1808:rev
1804:tat
1800:pol
1796:gag
1792:env
233:HIV
177:SIV
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