1410:
415:, for example, reflects the large earthquake in that region in 1700. The Tillamook divided their mythology into three categories; the earliest was the Myth Age, followed by the Age of Transformation, when the "South Wind" remade the land. The third age is the "period of true happenings", or events that happened in what the Tillamook considered recent history. Despite this, stories from the third age were considered just as much of a myth as those from the first or second.
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288:), and the Tillamook quickly stripped it of flesh, saving the flesh/blubber as food and the rendering oil for later use. After hearing of this, Lewis and Clark sought to trade for blubber. They received 300 pounds and some oil in exchange for trade goods. Lewis and Clark described a village of around 1000 people living in about 50 houses, estimating the entire population at around 2200. According to the expedition, the staple food source of the Tillamook was
1055:
436:
girls activated spirit powers acquired from their guardian only at middle age. Tillamook adults distinguished themselves further with fashion as both sexes painted their central hair part red, but men wore their hair in a single braid, while women would have two braids. Men and women also had tattoos and wore ear pendants according to their preference.
442:
among the
Tillamook were arranged with services being exchanged between the two families according to their status. Initial residence was in the groom's parents' village. If men acquired high status, they might have sought more than one wife. Illegitimate births were a common result of the arranged
435:
in the woods, during which the girl repeatedly bathed in a cold stream in an attempt to gain guardian spirits. For boys, fasting and guardian spirit quests that included bathing became important. A boy's power and adult occupation were equated with the spirit he obtained through the quest. Boys and
422:
roles in numerous ways. During infancy, children were named at an ear-piercing ceremony where boys had their nasal septa pierced. If the infant had older siblings, they were required to stay away for at least a week for fear that their presence would swell the ear of the infant and cause its death.
379:
Early 20th-century anthropologist Franz Boas wrote, "The
Tillamook Indians are the most southern branch of the Coast Salish. They live on the coast of the Pacific Ocean, and are separated from their more northern kinsmen by tribes speaking Chinookan languages. Their language is spoken two dialects,
375:
language, but gradually began to use
English in greater amounts. The last fluent speaker of Tillamook died in 1970, rendering the language asleep. Between 1965 and 1972, in an effort to revitalize the language, a group of researchers from the University of Hawaii interviewed the few remaining
395:
This dialect differed from the northern dialects in its peculiar phonetics. Boas noted that the culture of the
Tillamook seemed to have differed quite considerably from that of the northern Coast Salish, and has evidently been influenced by the culture of the tribes of northern California.
230:
tribe abutting their territory to the north and speaking the
Nehalem-dialect, reflecting intermarriage with the northern Tillamook), were the first tribes to sue the United States government for compensation for aboriginal title to land it had taken from them without a ratified treaty or
348:, which was lost in 1693 while sailing from the Philippines to Mexico. Warren Vaughn, an early white settler in Tillamook, knew Kilchis and believed he was a descendant of one of the survivors of the wreck, and said that Kilchis himself claimed such ancestry.
355:. Additional population estimates are impossible as the tribes have intermarried and are no longer separately enumerated. In 1898 the Tillamook became the first tribe to sue the US government for compensation for the lands they had taken, along with the
221:
with many other Tribes and Bands, the southern bands (Nestucca, Salmon River and Siletz River peoples') territory being largely within the 1855 boundaries of the Siletz
Reservation. In 1898 the northern Tillamook (Nehalem and Tillamook Bay) and the
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of April to
October, when the salmon went upstream in freshwater rivers from the ocean to spawn. The Tillamook ate some fresh and processed much of the fish to use throughout the year, preserving it by drying it and grinding it into a powder.
189:
meaning "People of Saga", while "Nestucca/Nestugga" is the placename, meaning "People of Ne-staguash, i.e. Nestucca". (The placename identifier in this Salish
Language is "Ne-" or "Na-", meaning land of or place
320:
settlers in 1841 and resulting conflicts over land and resources caused further population losses. By 1845 Wilkes estimated there were 400 Tillamook remaining. In 1849 Lane estimated 200 of the tribe survived.
383:
The name
Tillamook was derived from Chinook people's references to them, referring to their place of settlement. It meant the people of Nekelim (pronounced Ne-elim). The latter name means the place
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The
Tillamook people traditionally lived in an area ranging from Tillamook Head in the north, to Cape Foulweather and extending to the summit of the Coast Range mountains.
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1340:
1304:
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408:, the culture of the Tillamook tribe was significantly different from that of their Salish neighbors, evidently influenced by the tribes of northern California.
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the Siletz and the Tillamook proper. It was first described and classified by Horatio Hale in the Publications of the Wilkes Expedition."
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610:
431:, girls were secluded and underwent a series of ritual behaviors and food taboos. One such ritual was an all-night guardian spirit
115:, meaning "Land of Many Waters". The Tillamook tribe consists of several divisions and dialects, including (from south to north):
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calculates that the population was about 2200 in at the beginning of the 19th century, based on written historic accounts.
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compensation. They were paid a settlement in 1907. Their descendants are now considered part of the Confederated Tribes of
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and murder by European Americans. In 1849 they were estimated to have 200 members. In 1856 they were forced to live on the
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1973:
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Estimated to have 2200 people at the beginning of the 18th century, the Tillamook lost population in the 19th century to
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Throughout childhood, boys and girls were rarely punished. Certain activities were emphasized depending on the person's
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The Tillamook were skilled basket-weavers, and had a detailed mythology with links to existing events; the Story of the
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635:
La Follette, Cameron; Deur, Douglas; Griffin, Dennis; Williams, Scott S. (July 2018). "Oregon's Manila Galleon".
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was the leader of the Tillamook people. Kilchis may have been a descendant of one of the survivors of a Spanish
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427:. A boy's first food kill and a girl's first gathered food were reserved for the elderly. At the onset of
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In 1856 the federal government forced the Tillamook and more than 20 other remnant tribes to the
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235:. Other Nehalem are part of the unrecognized Clatsop Nehalem Confederated Tribes.
2006:
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Tillamook Indian Basketry: Continuity and Change as Seen in The Adams Collection.
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A whale was washed ashore near the Tillamook village of Necost (in what is now
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The first documented encounter of Europeans with the Tillamook was in 1788 by
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term meaning "people of Nekelim (or Nehalem)", sometimes it is given as a
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125:: (pronounced SIGH-lets): their name "Siletz" comes from the name of the
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to them, introduced by contact with European peoples, among whom it was
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1991:
1981:
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MA thesis. Portland State University, Department of Anthropology, 1983.
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671:"Views Across the Pacific: The Galleon Trade and Its Traces in Oregon"
1986:
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1893:
1836:
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359:. In 1907, along with two other tribes, they were awarded $ 23,500.
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A Native American encyclopedia : history, culture, and peoples
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on which they lived, both the river and the people were known as
137:(" crooked river"), their name for the Siletz River is given as
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National Geographic: Lewis & Clark—Tribes—Tillamook Indians
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A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.
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A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.
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preserves some aspects of the Tillamook culture. The city of
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265:'s ship. A second encounter was in late 1805 by the American
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Lewis and Clark . Native Americans. Tillamook Indians | PBS
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Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde Community of Oregon
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312:. Native Americans suffered because they had no acquired
145:("quiet river"), therefore their tribal name is given as
825:
823:
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In 1824 and 1829, the tribe suffered high mortality in
820:
902:
Boas, Franz. "Traditions of the Tillamook Indians,"
838:. Pritzker, Barry. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Official site of Clatsop-Nehalem Confederated Tribes
611:"Back Issues: Summer 2018 "Oregon's Manila Galleon""
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Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press, 2003.
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669:La Follette, Cameron; Deur, Douglas (July 2018).
443:marriage process and led to a high occurrence of
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981:
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133:on which they lived; their own name is given as
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516:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000; pg. 207.
460:Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians of Oregon
455:Some Nekelim people are enrolled in either the
792:The Collector’s Guide: Native American Baskets
1341:
967:
664:
662:
526:Tillamook - English online talking dictionary
376:Tillamook and created a 120-page dictionary.
292:. The people caught salmon during the annual
107:linguistic group. The name "Tillamook" is a
1348:
1334:
974:
960:
733:Ethnologue 14 report for language code:TIL
659:
628:
482:in Oregon are named in the tribe's honor.
226:, (which means "place of dried salmon", a
1300:Native American peoples of Oregon history
470:Clatsop Nehalem Confederated Tribes. The
782:2009-10-12 at the Portuguese Web Archive
760:
758:
2145:
946:The Nehalem Tillamook: An Ethnography.
941:Portland, OR: Binfords and Mort, 1974.
939:Tillamook Indians of the Oregon Coast.
934:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
603:
508:
506:
2158:Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians
1329:
1040:Western Oregon Indian Termination Act
955:
536:
868:"Indians 101: The Tillamook Indians"
755:
537:Deur, Douglas; Brown, Tricia Gates.
38:Regions with significant populations
2092:Bridge of the Gods (geologic event)
712:"History of the Beeswax Wreck Site"
503:
324:During the early-mid 19th century,
13:
896:
765:The Journal of American Folk-Lore,
14:
2169:
937:Sauter, John and Johnson, Bruce.
714:. Maritime Archaeological Society
2153:Native American tribes in Oregon
2120:
1997:Spokane-Coeur d'Alene-Paloos War
1408:
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466:. Other Nehalem are part of the
906:, v. 11 (1898), pp. 23–38.
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860:
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245:Coastal Oregon Native Americans
691:10.5403/oregonhistq.119.2.0160
653:10.5403/oregonhistq.119.2.0150
592:
581:
570:
530:
519:
472:Bald Point archaeological site
367:The Tillamook initially spoke
157:Salmon River/Nachesne/Nachesna
1:
2054:Delgamuukw v British Columbia
2127:Pacific Northwest portal
982:Indigenous peoples in Oregon
904:Journal of American Folklore
497:
196:: their name comes from the
159:: their name comes from the
149:("Crooked River People") or
7:
804:"Anthropology Publications"
675:Oregon Historical Quarterly
637:Oregon Historical Quarterly
485:
362:
224:Clatsop (Tlatsop / łät'cαp)
10:
2174:
1406:
1010:Northern Kalapuya language
925:University of Oregon Books
562:: CS1 maint: url-status (
543:Discover Lewis & Clark
399:
304:epidemics; this was a new
267:Lewis and Clark Expedition
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171:Nestucca/Nastucco/Nestugga
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1015:Oregon Penutian languages
995:Central Kalapuya language
987:
830:Pritzker, Barry. (2000).
767:Vol.11, No. 40, Pg. 23-28
683:Oregon Historical Society
645:Oregon Historical Society
615:Oregon Historical Society
404:According to the work of
82:
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2034:Court cases and treaties
921:Nehalem Tillamook Tales.
450:
418:The Tillamook exercised
269:, who were wintering at
1873:Tseax Lava Bed Memorial
1812:August Jack Khatsahlano
1630:Tsilhqotʼin (Chilcotin)
944:Seaburg, William (ed.)
153:("Quiet River People").
2097:Reservations in Oregon
1555:Nlaka'pamux (Thompson)
917:Jacobs, Elizabeth Derr
346:Santo Cristo de Burgos
344:, it was probably the
228:Lower Chinook-speaking
413:Thunderbird and Whale
336:and the mouth of the
185:; their own name was
141:("crooked river") or
78:Related ethnic groups
16:Native American tribe
1757:Randy'L He-dow Teton
1742:Annie Miner Peterson
1595:Stʼatʼimc (Lillooet)
1565:Nuxalk (Bella Coola)
1368:Archaeological sites
808:dpg.lib.berkeley.edu
777:Indian Tribe History
457:federally recognized
1575:Secwépemc (Shuswap)
930:Pritzker, Barry M.
391:dialect, the place
334:Neahkahnie Mountain
99:tribe from coastal
73:traditional beliefs
24:
23:Nehalem (Tillamook)
1914:'Yalis (Alert Bay)
1882:Towns and villages
1390:Marmes Rockshelter
1357:Indigenous peoples
1070:Bridge of the Gods
1020:Salishan languages
749:2011-06-16 at the
512:Barry M Pritzker,
353:Siletz Reservation
332:that wrecked near
306:infectious disease
275:Louisiana Purchase
250:2006-02-17 at the
219:Siletz Reservation
215:infectious disease
151:Nach'ikáltzustiwat
22:
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2002:Fraser Canyon War
1747:Coquelle Thompson
1505:Kutenai (Ktunaxa)
1361:Pacific Northwest
1323:
1322:
1045:Yoncalla language
1025:Shastan languages
909:Crawford, Ailsa.
316:. The arrival of
261:, second mate on
165:Nachesne/Nachesna
113:Coast Salish term
89:
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1832:Chief Dan George
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480:Tillamook County
286:Ecola State Park
279:Thomas Jefferson
173:: they lived on
139:Nshlæch'/Nshlæts
109:Chinook language
28:Total population
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1375:Bald Point Site
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1310:Pioneer history
1305:History to 1806
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1227:Northern Paiute
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935:
928:
914:
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819:
795:
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769:
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658:
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501:
499:
496:
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487:
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452:
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401:
398:
364:
361:
330:Manila Galleon
277:for President
259:Robert Haswell
240:
237:
211:
210:
201:
191:
179:Nestucca River
168:
154:
147:Nshlæts'stiwat
87:
86:
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2085:Miscellaneous
2083:
2077:
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2061:
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2032:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2013:
2012:Chilcotin War
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1964:Old Man House
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1944:X̱wemelch'stn
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1919:Lax Kw'alaams
1917:
1915:
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1725:
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1717:Spokane Garry
1715:
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1712:
1708:
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1697:
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1613:
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1608:
1606:
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1598:
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1590:Sinixt (Lake)
1588:
1586:
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1578:
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1510:Kwakwakaʼwakw
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
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1428:
1426:
1423:
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1416:
1411:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1395:Paisley Caves
1393:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1385:Kennewick Man
1383:
1381:
1378:
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1366:
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1282:Wasco/Wishram
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1122:
1119:
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1096:
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1038:
1036:
1033:
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1028:
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1021:
1018:
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826:
824:
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773:
766:
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748:
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734:
729:
713:
707:
692:
688:
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676:
672:
665:
663:
654:
650:
646:
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631:
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606:
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584:
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544:
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493:
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489:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
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448:
446:
441:
437:
434:
430:
426:
421:
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409:
407:
397:
394:
390:
386:
381:
377:
374:
370:
360:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
342:beeswax wreck
339:
338:Nehalem River
335:
331:
327:
326:Chief Kilchis
322:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
298:
295:
291:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
246:
236:
234:
229:
225:
220:
216:
209:
208:Nehalem River
205:
202:
199:
198:Tillamook Bay
195:
194:Tillamook Bay
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
169:
166:
162:
158:
155:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
122:
118:
117:
116:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
85:
81:
76:
71:
66:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
31:
26:
2139:
2118:
2117:
2052:
2045:
2025:Nicola's War
2017:
1863:Kettle Falls
1853:Celilo Falls
1817:Joe Capilano
1777:Wickaninnish
1762:Chief Nicola
1722:Chief Joseph
1614:
1450:Coast Salish
1256:
1121:Mount Mazama
1116:Celilo Falls
1111:Fort Clatsop
945:
938:
931:
923:Eugene, OR:
920:
910:
903:
890:Pritzker 208
886:
875:. Retrieved
871:
862:
833:
811:. Retrieved
807:
798:
787:
772:
764:
739:
728:
716:. Retrieved
706:
694:. Retrieved
678:
674:
640:
636:
630:
618:. Retrieved
605:
594:
583:
572:
546:. Retrieved
542:
532:
521:
513:
468:unrecognized
454:
438:
417:
410:
403:
392:
384:
382:
378:
366:
350:
345:
323:
318:Oregon Trail
299:
283:
271:Fort Clatsop
256:
242:
212:
203:
193:
186:
183:Nestucca Bay
170:
164:
161:Salmon River
156:
150:
146:
143:Nach'ikáltzu
142:
138:
134:
127:Siletz River
123:/Nachicolcho
119:
92:
90:
19:Ethnic group
2102:Raven Tales
2076:Land claims
1924:Lax Ksiluux
1868:Siwash Rock
1737:Chief Moses
1650:Walla Walla
1418:Ethnicities
1030:Thunderbird
685:: 160–191.
647:: 150–159.
492:Tsin-is-tum
445:infanticide
387:or, in the
263:Robert Gray
60:, formerly
2147:Categories
1992:Yakima War
1982:Cayuse War
1827:Annie York
1676:Athabaskan
1080:Cayuse War
877:2019-07-01
845:0195138775
813:2019-07-01
718:25 October
696:23 October
620:23 October
406:Franz Boas
294:salmon run
135:Se-la-gees
131:Siletz Bay
1987:Modoc War
1909:Skidegate
1894:Ninstints
1837:Bill Reid
1752:Sacagawea
1686:Chinookan
1681:Chimakuan
1669:Languages
1660:Wuikinuxv
1635:Tsimshian
1615:Tillamook
1540:Nez Perce
1257:Tillamook
1222:Nez Perce
1217:Multnomah
1197:Klickitat
1167:Clackamas
1005:Longhouse
1000:Chinookan
872:Daily Kos
599:Tillamook
548:24 August
498:Footnotes
476:Tillamook
440:Marriages
389:Cathlamet
369:Tillamook
93:Tillamook
62:Tillamook
52:Languages
33:50 (1990)
2111:See also
2020:incident
1959:Opitsaht
1939:Kitwanga
1934:Ging̱olx
1899:Cumshewa
1782:Cumshewa
1767:Maquinna
1701:Wakashan
1696:Salishan
1640:Umatilla
1625:Tsetsaut
1570:Quileute
1495:Kalapuya
1485:Heiltsuk
1460:Colville
1425:Aleutian
1400:X̱á:ytem
1272:Umatilla
1187:Kalapuya
1177:Coquille
1142:Atfalati
1085:Potlatch
854:42683042
780:Archived
747:Archived
558:cite web
486:See also
373:Salishan
363:Language
314:immunity
302:smallpox
248:Archived
187:Stagaush
68:Religion
2018:Tonquin
1949:Kiix-in
1889:Skedans
1792:Slumach
1620:Tlingit
1610:Takelma
1605:Tahltan
1550:Nisga'a
1500:Klamath
1470:Gitxsan
1445:Chinook
1430:Bannock
1359:of the
1277:Umpquat
1267:Tututni
1252:Takelma
1247:Siuslaw
1232:Santiam
1202:Latgawa
1192:Klamath
1172:Clatsop
1162:Chinook
1147:Bannock
927:, 1959.
462:or the
429:puberty
400:Culture
357:Clatsop
310:endemic
239:History
204:Nehalem
103:of the
58:English
1954:Yuquot
1904:Masset
1846:Places
1802:Leschi
1797:Sealth
1710:People
1655:Yakama
1645:Umpqua
1585:Sinixt
1580:Shasta
1545:Nicola
1535:Naukan
1530:Molala
1520:Methow
1480:Haisla
1440:Cayuse
1262:Tolowa
1242:Siletz
1237:Shasta
1212:Molala
1157:Chetco
1152:Cayuse
1130:People
1104:Places
1063:Events
1035:Wapato
988:Topics
852:
842:
420:gender
393:Kelim.
290:salmon
233:Siletz
175:Little
121:Siletz
105:Salish
101:Oregon
95:are a
84:Siletz
45:Oregon
1929:'Ksan
1600:Syilx
1525:Miwok
1515:Makah
1490:Inuit
1475:Haida
1435:Cahto
1207:Modoc
1137:Alsea
681:(2).
643:(2).
451:Today
433:vigil
385:Elim,
206:: on
190:of….)
2140:sss
1182:Coos
850:OCLC
840:ISBN
720:2019
698:2019
622:2019
564:link
550:2024
478:and
371:, a
181:and
177:and
129:and
91:The
687:doi
679:119
649:doi
641:119
425:sex
2149::
919:.
870:.
848:.
822:^
806:.
757:^
677:.
673:.
661:^
639:.
613:.
560:}}
556:{{
541:.
505:^
447:.
281:.
1349:e
1342:t
1335:v
975:e
968:t
961:v
880:.
856:.
816:.
722:.
700:.
689::
655:.
651::
624:.
566:)
552:.
167:.
47:)
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