925:"The skulls are in the possession of the eldest living male in each lineage, and all members of an extended family recognize the same skulls as belonging to their group. When a family decides to relocate, a dwelling, which must be first purified by a diviner, is built to house the skulls in the new location. Although not all of the ancestral skulls are in the possession of a family, they are not forgotten. These spirits have nowhere to reside, though, and may as a result cause trouble for the family. To compensate when a man's skull is not preserved, a family member must undergo a ceremony involving pouring libations into the ground. Earth gathered from the site of that offering then comes to represent the skull of the deceased. Respect is also paid to female skulls, although detail about such practices is largely unrecorded." -Molefi Kete Asante
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are the original inhabitants of the area and that they spread their culture and language to other groups through peaceful contacts and trade. However, Zeitlyn points out some problems and inconsistencies in
Mohammadou's arguments, such as the lack of clear evidence for the Bare-Chamba invasions, the confusion between different groups with similar names, and the neglect of oral traditions and historical linguistics. Zeitlyn also questions Mohammadou's claim that the Bamun history differs from that proposed by Claude Tardits, who sees the Bamun as a result of a long process of cultural and political integration, rather than a sudden conquest by a foreign group. Zeitlyn compares Mohammadou's approach to that of Jean Hurault, who identifies the Fulbe as the main agents of change, rather than the Bare-Chamba.
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main question at issue is the origin of the founders of the dynasties and the palace institutions of the different Tikar-speaking groups. How much credit is to be given to claims of Mbum origin? To answer this, a variety of evidence must be considered, including oral tradition and historical linguistics." While some argue that there's no evidence that the Tikar people ever lived along the Nile, others agree and maintain that there's also no evidence that the Tikar didn't. They cite oral tradition as well as the uncertainty of Tikar origin as evidence, considering there isn't much debate about where ethnic groups originated, as a cause of further exploration.
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was the rightful heir. In this telling, Nchare Yen and his siblings, Mbe (also called
Morunta) and his sister Ngonnso (also spelled Nguonso), feared for their lives and fled. At Mbam, the three went their separate ways. Mbe traveled east and founded the Nditam Kingdom at Bandam. Ngonnso head westand founded the Nso Kingdom at Kumbo.
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364:, the "Bamun and the Tikar are known as great artists who create enormous sculptures of bronze and beads. In many ways, the flow of culture between the Tikar and the Bamun is one that has enriched both groups. The Bamun essentially adopted many words from the Tikar language. They also adopted words from other people, including the
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capital, and Bamum would become one of the largest kingdoms to emerge in the grasslands of
Cameroon. Both the kingdom and its capitol are believed to be named after Nchare Yen's mother, Mfoumban. Despite the long history between the Bamum and Tikar people, they are considered different ethnic groups today.
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and speak the Tikar language belong to a different genetic cluster than the self-identified Tikar who live amongst other
Grassfields ethnic groups and do not speak the Tikar language. It concluded that persons from Cameroon and Sudan "showed the greatest reduction in genetic similarity with distance,
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Another account says that Chief Tinki would eventually become Fon and rule until his death in 1387, which marked a series of deadly battles for the right to the throne at Rifum. In the end his son, Mveing, ascended the throne and ruled until 1413. However, many believed Tinki's other son, Nchare Yen,
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Groups who also claim descent from the Tikar fondoms include the
Bambili, Oku, Kom, Bum, Bafut, Nso, Mbiame, Wiya, Tang, War, Mbot, Mbem, Fungom, Weh, Mmen, Bamunka, Babungo, Bamessi, Bamessing, Bambalang, Bamali, Bafanji, Baba (Papiakum), Bangola, Big Babanki, Babanki Tungo, Nkwen, and Bambui. Small
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to identify many villages and towns in the north-western region of
Cameroon. There are also a number of ethnic groups in the region who claim Tikar descent through royal bloodlines. However, oral tradition and DNA testing by companies such as African Ancestry, Inc. have proven that they are different
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The Tikar are renowned for their highly detailed masks. Their artistry put the Tikar people at the center of trade and politics in
Cameroon and made them a force to reckoned with in the eyes of neighboring ethnic groups, especially considering they are thought to be the only people in the region who
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Bronze figurines of four enslaved Tikar being marched by a
Moorish colonial guard and a Mboum royal guard toward the coast to be exported to the Americas, by Nji Gbetkom Salifou, a Bamoun sculptor from Cameroonâs Grasslands, 1946-1950. Photo by Bruno Kemayou. Released by Chief Mongbet Vessah Ibrahim
404:
Eldridge
Mohammadou hypothesized that the Tikar kingdoms were founded by invaders from the Bare-Chamba group, who overthrew the local Mbum rulers in the 18th century, and that the term Tikar originally referred to the political and military elite of the invaders. Mohammadou also claims that the Mbum
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The Tikar are an artistically and culturally significant people. The design of Toghu and Ndop cloth print became a cultural marker of the Tikar and
Grassfields peoples, creating a unique style that made them easily distinguishable from other peoples outside of the region. These intricate designs is
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This is a picture of the late fon (king) of Ngambe, one of the Tikar villages. Around his neck is an ivory collar made of elephant tusks. He carries it only once per year, during the time of the festival called "Sweety". It is a traditional Tikar festival during which one calls upon the spirits of
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Tikar horns and trumpets play a significant role in spiritual and cultural ceremonies with each design being purposefully sculpted for a specific event. The same can be said for elaborate grassland palaces, which feature hand-carved pillars supporting the roof overhangs, an ensemble of door posts,
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These Madou-Yenou thrones were ordered to be created by the Tikar chieftaincy of Rifum. They were created by Njikam Isidore, grandson of the great sculptor of King Njoyaâs reign, Nji Gbetom Salifou. As was the custom, two thrones were made at the same time; the second as a backup, in case anything
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Professor and social anthropologist David Zeitlyn studied the Tikar origin theories of several historians, including Eldridge Mohammadou, a historian who studied the history of Central Cameroon and the origins of the Tikar-speaking groups. Exploring those origin theories, Zeitlyn stated that "the
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Fan, Shaohua; Spence, Jeffrey P.; Feng, Yuanqing; Hansen, Matthew E. B.; Terhorst, Jonathan; Beltrame, Marcia H.; Ranciaro, Alessia; Hirbo, Jibril; Beggs, William; Thomas, Neil; Nyambo, Thomas; Mpoloka, Sununguko Wata; Mokone, Gaonyadiwe George; Njamnshi, Alfred; Folkunang, Charles (2023-03-02).
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Fon Nchare's founded the Kingdom of Bamum at Foumban sometime between the late 14th century and the early 15th century. According to King Idrissou (Ibrahim) Mborou Njoya, it was a later Bamum king named Manju who gave the Bamum people their name. As the kingdom expanded, Foumban would become the
396:
Oral tradition states that the Tikar people originally inhabited the Nile River valley in present-day Sudan. Some sources further state that the ancestors of the Tikar migrated from the Kingdom of Kush. For unknown reasons, possibly war or famine, they settled on the Bamenda Plateau in Cameroon,
343:
should be considered an ethnic group, like the Hausa people, or rather a blanket term for multiple groups, due to the fact that some smaller groups argue that they descend from the Tikar people. While the legitimacy of their claims is strongly disputed, there is a single ethnic group in Cameroon
921:. Both groups, along with the other peoples of the Grasslands, believe God requires them to reverence their lineage ancestors. This is pivotal to their spirituality; as they traditionally believed their ancestral spirits were embodied in the skulls of the deceased ancestors and still present.
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in Northwest Cameroon. Once the Fulani followed to the south, holy war began, forcing some ethnic groups to flee yet again. Others, like the Bamun, remained, hoping to resist Islam. The Fulani conquest was brief and did not result in Islamization, although this faith was accepted by a later
421:
According to Mbum oral tradition, after entering and settling the Far North Region of Cameroon, the Mbum ancestors of the Tikar people were ruled by Nya Sana. Little is known about him and his reign, but it is said that from Nya Sana arose a royal lineage that begot Took Gokor. Another Mbum
2119:
Bird, Nancy; Ormond, Louise; Awah, Paschal; Caldwell, Elizabeth F.; Connell, Bruce; Elamin, Mohamed; Fadlelmola, Faisal M.; Matthew Fomine, Forka Leypey; López, Saioa; MacEachern, Scott; Moñino, Yves; Morris, Sam; NÀsÀnen-Gilmore, Pieta; Nketsia V, Nana Kobina; Veeramah, Krishna (2023).
836:. Their masks are often characterized by their strongly-defined noses and large eyes. They are also known for their beautifully decorated brass pipes. Along with the Bamileke people, the Tikar are also known for their intricate elephant masks, which became renowned in the town
465:(also called Banso). In the second wave, Prince Mbli left Bankim and founded the Kingdom of Kong. Prince Indie and Prince Ouhin also ventured out of Bankim, and settled to the south at We and Ina, respectively. However, their villages never fully developed into kingdoms.
461:; Prince Doundje founded the Kingdom of Nditam (also called Bandam) and ruled with Queen Mother Nduingnyi; Prince Kpo left Nditam and founded the Kingdom of Ngoumé; Prince G'Batteu founded the Kingdom of Gù; and Princess N'Gouen (also called Nguonso) founded the
434:) are said to have founded the Kingdom of Nganha. Their daughter, Princess Wou-Ten (also called Betaka or Belaka), left her parents' kingdom and traveled to the Adamawa Region, where she founded the Kingdom of Tinkala, the first official Tikar
388:
communities of Hausa peoples in Cameroon also identify as Tikar. However, the Kom, Nso, Bamum, Ndop-Bamunka, and Bafut peoples are the only ethnic groups that anthropologists and historians believe have a legitimate claim to Tikar lineage.
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traffickers in the 18th and 19th centuries, who were envious of the Tikar's thriving trade deals through iron-working and mask-making. While many enslaved Cameroonians and Nigerians were shipped from the Bight of Biafra, many Tikar and
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uncovered genomic variants that researchers used to reconstruct admixture events and phylogenetic relationships. The results revealed that the Tikar people have "23% ancestry related to an archaic population that diverged prior to the
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The Tikar people predominantly practice Christianity today. However, there are a small number who practice traditional religions and Islam. Despite the differences between the spiritual practices, the Tikar are known to refer to
553:
856:, the Tikar people developed a unique understanding of nature and performed planting rituals to bless seeds and work implements. Other ethnic groups in the region were known to offer animal sacrifices when it was time to plant.
493:. Records show that the Tikar accounted for most of the stolen Cameroonians disembarking on ships for the Americas, leading to the drastic decline of the Tikar ethnic group on the African continent. The remaining Tikar kept an
2256:
Bandelt, H. J.; Alves-Silva, J.; GuimarĂŁes, P. E.; Santos, M. S.; Brehm, A.; Pereira, L.; Coppa, A.; Larruga, J. M.; Rengo, C.; Scozzari, R.; Torroni, A.; Prata, M. J.; Amorim, A.; Prado, V. F.; Pena, S. D. (November 2001).
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and Nditam. Linguist Roger Blench stated that the Tikar language and other Bantuoid languages belong to a branch of the Niger-Congo family related to but distinct from Bantu, and do not have a classical Bantu
284:
The Tikar or Grassfields peoples make up approximately 9.9% of Cameroon's population. This could be due to the high number of Tikar people who were kidnapped and sold into slavery in the Americas. The
1962:
Veeramah, Krishna R.; Connell, Bruce A.; Pour, Naser Ansari; Powell, Adam; Plaster, Christopher A.; Zeitlyn, David; Mendell, Nancy R.; Weale, Michael E.; Bradman, Neil; Thomas, Mark G. (2010-03-31).
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There are currently six adjoining Tikar kingdoms: Bankim (Kimi), Ngambé-Tikar, Kong (Nkong/Boikouong), Nditam (Bandam), Ngoumé, and Gù (Ntchi). The boundaries of these kingdoms have remained since
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where they built a kingdom. Upon arrival, they were viewed as "Sudanese conquerors," reshaping all of northern-central Cameroon and becoming renowned in the region for their ironmaking skills.
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453:, respectively. From their lineage, Tikar princes and a princess are believed to have journeyed out of Bankim to create legacies of their own in two great migrations. In the first wave:
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forms parts of the fetus. This blood was said to form the skin, blood, flesh and most of the organs. The bones, brain, heart and teeth were believed to be formed from the father's
265:
to settle in the highlands of western Cameroon. Such ethnic groups were referred to in the 1969 official statistics as "Semi-Bantus" and "Sudanese Negroes." They speak a
1964:"Little genetic differentiation as assessed by uniparental markers in the presence of substantial language variation in peoples of the Cross River region of Nigeria"
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The Tikar also had their own cultural beliefs regarding birthing. It was once believed that during pregnancy, the blood that the woman would normally release during
2028:
Salas, Antonio; Richards, Martin; De la Fe, TomĂĄs; Lareu, MarĂa-Victoria; Sobrino, Beatriz; SĂĄnchez-Diz, Paula; Macaulay, Vincent; Carracedo, Ăngel (2002).
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have been able to trace their lineages to the Tikar people of Cameroon. Genetic testing showed that the descendants of these stolen people of the Tikar-
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today that is called Tikar and actually descends from the original Tikar people. Debates are ongoing on the topic of the broader use of the name
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Peoples of the Central Cameroons (Tikar. Bamum and Bamileke. Banen, Bafia and Balom): Western Africa Part IX (Ethnographic Survey of Africa)
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705:(possibly reflecting introgression from an archaic population into modern populations) and 77% ancestry from a population related to the
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ethnic groups genetically, with some testees receiving Tikar of Cameroon results and others receiving Bamileke of Cameroon results.
2185:
Sealy, Judith; Pfeiffer, Susan; Yates, Royden; Willmore, Kathy; Manhire, Anthony; Maggs, Tim; Lanham, John; Wilmore, Kathy (2000).
2122:"Dense sampling of ethnic groups within African countries reveals fine-scale genetic structure and extensive historical admixture"
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2187:"Hunter-Gatherer Child Burials from the Pakhuis Mountains, Western Cape: Growth, Diet and Burial Practices in the Late Holocene"
702:
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Tikar Throne, Tikar Bamum artist, wooden, 42' high; 27" deep, 38" wide. Photo by Bruno Kemayou. Released by David W. Reed, PhD.
1126:, American diplomat, political scientist, civil servant, and professor who served as the 66th United States Secretary of State
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concluded that some smaller groups in the Grassfields claims of Tikar ancestry as a political tribute. Small communities of
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In the Adamawa region, the smaller ethnic group numbering 25,000 which uses the same homonym as the Tikar people, speak a
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peoples are the only ethnic groups that anthropologists and historians believe have a legitimate claim to Tikar lineage.
2490:"Understanding the Romance between Kings and Islam in the Nso and Babessi Kingdoms of the Bamenda Grassland in Cameroon"
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2259:"Phylogeography of the human mitochondrial haplogroup L3e: a snapshot of African prehistory and Atlantic slave trade"
2061:"Whole-genome sequencing reveals a complex African population demographic history and signatures of local adaptation"
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and 50% from a population related to the Tikari (consistent with TreeMix results with three migration events)."
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people and other ethnic groups have also asserted their link to the Tikar people through Tikar rulers in the
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people and other ethnic groups have also asserted their link to the Tikar people through Tikar rulers in the
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736:, showing significant differences. Similarly, a 2023 study found that self-identified Tikar who live in the
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In the late 14th century, two Tikar brothers, Tinki and Guié, established two autonomous Tikar kingdoms:the
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273:. One of the few African ethnic groups to practice a monotheistic traditional religion, the Tikar refer to
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to the Americas when they were forcibly taken. As a result, L3 is fairly common in the United States and
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376:."Anthropologists have identified similar cultural elements among the Tikar and Bamum E. M. Chilver and
717:. The study also found that "The Fulani derived 50% of their ancestry from a population related to the
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lintels and sills framing the entrance, as well as the interior doorways facing the open courtyards.
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332:, French missionary and translator Henri Martin documented that the Bamum people translated the word
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2731:"Throwback Thursday: Vanessa A. Williams traces lineage to Cameroon with African Ancestry test"
2233:"Throwback Thursday: Vanessa A. Williams traces lineage to Cameroon with African Ancestry test"
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635:. The Tikar language (also called Tigé, Tigré or Tikari) has four regional dialects, including
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580:. The Northeast is composed of Mbem, Mbaw, Wiya, War and Tang. The Southeast is composed of
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2710:"GOSSIP: Blair Underwood 's DNA ancestry test reveals Cameroonian descent â Nexdim Empire"
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Les Tikar du Cameroun central: Ethnogenese, Culture et Relations Avec les Peuples Voisins
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trade route. The Tikar then migrated southward to what would become known as the city of
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489:, where they were then sold into slavery and forcibly transported to the Americas in the
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2516:"Anthony Anderson moved by Black family introduced to lost ancestor in new documentary"
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still used today for clothing, architecture, art and to demarcate royal ritual spaces.
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Chilver, Elizabeth M.; Kaberry, Phyllis M. (1971). "The Tikar Problem: A Nonproblem".
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which remained even after only comparing people belonging to the same ethnic group."
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213:) is an umbrella term for a group of closely related peoples who mostly inhabit the
1658:. Lanham, Maryland âą Toronto âą Plymouth, UK: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 402.
1433:. Lanham, Maryland âą Toronto âą Plymouth, UK: The Scarecrow Press, Inc. p. 402.
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1923:"'The membership and internal structure of Bantoid and the border with Bantu" (PDF)
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933:. After they settled in Cameroon, the Tikar people soon found themselves fleeing
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A 2010 study showed that the Tikar are a genetic outlier to peoples of Nigeria's
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invaders, who moved southward into Cameroon to take advantage of the lucrative,
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July 13, fomenky aloysius ambodem //; Reply, 2017 at 7:52 am // (2015-05-28).
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Paléo-anthropologie en Afrique centrale: un bilan de l'archéologie au Cameroun
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2686:""Finding Your Roots with Henry Louis Gates, Jr." - DNA in the Ninth Episode"
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1830:"Characteristics of Captives Leaving the Cameroons for the Americas, 1822-37"
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trace the origin of the Tikar people to the Nile River Valley in present-day
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Much of Tikar oral tradition speaks of their journey to flee the spread of
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along with folklore music which are usually accompanied by dances such as
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442:. She is believed to have ruled the Tikar people as Fon from 1201-1246.
261:. According to the Bamenda City Council the Tikari groups migrated from
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1718:"The Bamum Dynasty and the Influence of Islam in Foumban, 1390-Present"
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Through DNA testing with African Ancestry, Inc., founded by geneticist
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of the history and did what they could to keep Tikar traditions alive.
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1096:, American film director, producer, screenwriter, actor, and professor
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and entrepreneur Dr. Gina Paige, people of African descent across the
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A 2023 study of twelve indigenous African populations across Central,
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1180:"Africa: Cameroon â The World Factbook â Central Intelligence Agency"
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2547:"PBS Explores African-American Contributions to History and Society"
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colonizers arrived in Cameroon. Today, the Tikar people inhabit the
237:, and the smaller Tikar people (with the same homonym) found in the
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International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science
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Fomine, Forka Leypey Mathew; Fomine, Forka Leypey Matthew (2010).
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DeLancey, Mark Dike; Neh Mbuh, Rebecca; DeLancey, Mark W. (2010).
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DeLancey, Mark Dike; Neh Mbuh, Rebecca; DeLancey, Mark W. (2010).
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The same study found Tikar-related genetic variations amongst the
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by the name Nyuy. They also have an extensive spiritual system of
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Wow! Ebro & Rosenberg SHOCKED By African Ancestry Results!
1295:"The Language Problem in Cameroon (An Historical Perspective)"
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Delneuf, MichĂšle; Essom, Joseph-Marie; Froment, Alain (1998).
2949:
1582:"Erykah Badu Discovers And Reconnects With Her African Roots"
1459:"Retainers and Royal Households in the Cameroons Grassfields"
867:. In the case of a son, the masculinity also came from this.
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The majority of the Tikar people would later be kidnapped by
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1269:(in French). Paris, France: L'Harmattan. pp. 214â215.
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1011:, Cameroonian-American singer from Bamendankwen ethinicity
993:, Cameroonian-Jamaican-American from Bamendanken ethnicity
631:, which is hypothesized to be a divergent language in the
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Actress Sheryl Lee Ralph Proud of Her Cameroon Ancestry
1078:, American actor, author, director, producer and writer
560:. The boundaries of these kingdoms have remained since
2118:
1339:(1st ed.). Routledge. pp. 11â13, 36â40, 53.
1066:, American actor, comedian, writer, and game show host
981:, Cameroonian-American footballer from Bafut ethnicity
772:, which are believed to be more than 3,000 years old.
221:. Some of these groups include but are not limited to
2596:"Love & Hip Hop Lineage to Legacy, Pt. 2 - | VH1"
1053:, Cameroonian politician from Bamendankwen ethnicity
987:, Cameroonian politician from Bamendankwen ethnicity
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the ancestors and asks them to bless the community.
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532:There are currently six adjoining Tikar kingdoms:
1656:Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon
1430:Historical Dictionary of the Republic of Cameroon
1144:, American stand-up comedian, actress, and writer
3134:
1333:McCulloch, Merran; Littlewood, Margaret (2017).
1239:"Bamenda III Council: The Council of the future"
1218:Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford
1167:
1120:, American actress, singer, author, and activist
1084:, American media executive and radio personality
1005:, Cameroonian singer from Bamendankwen ethnicity
875:Popular music genres from Grassfielders include
665:Genetic testing found that many Tikar belong to
1506:"Bamum Two-Figure Thrones: Additional Evidence"
1228:
1058:Notable people of Tikar descent in the Americas
818:Lion teeth necklace created by the Tikar people
38:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
1604:
217:of Cameroon with a very small minority in the
2798:
2784:
1108:, American NBA and European basketball player
999:, Cameroonian politician from Bafut ethnicity
339:Today, there is some debate over whether the
2645:
1891:
1827:
1754:
1722:Journal of the Historical Society of Nigeria
1715:
78:Graffi, Grassfielders, Western Grassfielders
2670:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
2030:"The Making of the African mtDNA Landscape"
1755:Ongoum, Louis-Marie; Mitsch, R. H. (1993).
1041:, Cameroonian folkloric singer from Bamenda
500:
2791:
2777:
703:divergence of all modern human populations
83:
2191:The South African Archaeological Bulletin
2161:
2092:
2005:
1987:
1892:Asante, Molefi Kete; Mazama, Ama (2009).
1557:"AFRICA | 101 Last Tribes - Tikar people"
1138:, American actress, director and producer
917:and the Bamileke people refer to Nyuy as
62:Learn how and when to remove this message
898:
813:
655:
504:
412:
1456:
1211:
1047:, Cameroonian singer from Kom ethnicity
1029:, Cameroonian singer from Nso ethnicity
1023:, Cameroonian singer from Kom ethnicity
1017:, Cameroonian singer from Nso ethnicity
3135:
2568:
2566:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2114:
2112:
1917:
1915:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1828:Nwokeji, G. Ugo; Eltis, David (2002).
1802:"Bui History - Bui Family Union - USA"
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1626:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1378:
1376:
1292:
1214:"Eldridge Mohammadou on Tikar Origins"
1132:, American stand-up comedian and actor
973:Notable people of direct Tikar descent
677:people, including the Tikar people of
2772:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2453:
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2324:
1957:
1955:
1925:. Berlin: Humboldt University. p. 16.
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165:Traditional central African religions
2652:Cameroon Travel and Leisure Magazine
1683:"Genes tell a tale as big as Africa"
1422:
1420:
1418:
1288:
1286:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
768:, and the Eland Cave Bay remains in
576:is composed of the Fungum, Bum, and
510:should happen to the primary throne.
449:(also called Kimi) at Rifum and the
384:in Cameroon also identify as Tikar.
112:Regions with significant populations
18:
2563:
2532:
2513:
2487:
2249:
2109:
1912:
1898:. SAGE. pp. 18, 95, 103, 748.
1876:
1787:
1544:
847:
518:
13:
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2321:
2034:American Journal of Human Genetics
1952:
1818:
1700:
1617:
1447:
1353:
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1253:
870:
14:
3169:
2751:
2606:from the original on May 22, 2022
1757:"Erotic Poetry of the Grasslands"
1415:
1283:
1198:
941:to avoid forced-conversion to by
2431:. Lucy.ukc.ac.uk. Archived from
1895:Encyclopedia of African Religion
604:languages which are a branch of
457:(also called Njåré) founded the
316:colonizers arrived in Cameroon.
92:(wearing Toghu cloth) plays the
23:
2764:Article about Bamenda and Tikar
2723:
2702:
2678:
2639:
2617:
2588:
2507:
2421:
2397:
2373:
2357:"Bali Elephant Masks, Cameroon"
2349:
2305:"Bamileke Ndop Cloth, Cameroon"
2297:
2225:
2178:
2051:
2022:
1928:
1761:Research in African Literatures
1748:
1647:
1598:
1573:
1497:
1299:Abbia: Cameroon Cultural Review
1156:, American actress and producer
963:Sultan Ibrahim Mbouombouo Njoya
894:
879:popularized by the late singer
2690:www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com
1834:The Journal of African History
253:. Once a nomadic people, some
241:. They are known to be great
1:
1627:Elouga, Martin (March 2014).
1160:
2488:Lon, Joseph (January 2021).
2405:"Bamun Houseposts, Cameroon"
1607:Journal of African Languages
1580:Brown, Yvette (2015-02-10).
1457:Kaberry, Phyllis M. (1962).
750:Democratic Republic of Congo
595:
527:
319:
7:
2459:"Tikar, Twumwu in Cameroon"
2429:"descent/graphics - Page 1"
1463:Cahiers d'Ătudes Africaines
1102:, American hip hop producer
826:
651:
633:Niger-Congo language family
10:
3174:
2332:"Cameroon - Cultural Life"
2077:10.1016/j.cell.2023.01.042
1504:Geary, Christraud (1983).
809:
481:were sold up the river to
408:
3158:History of Central Africa
3148:Ethnic groups in Cameroon
2806:
2800:Ethnic groups in Cameroon
2275:10.1017/S0003480001008892
1846:10.1017/S0021853701008076
1090:, American music producer
795:cluster translocated the
752:, Bantu ethnic groups in
391:
267:Northern Bantoid language
184:
179:
156:
151:
129:
124:
116:
111:
106:
101:
82:
2263:Annals of Human Genetics
1968:BMC Evolutionary Biology
1385:"Who Are the Tikar Now?"
1293:Fonlon, Bernard (1969).
501:Alternate oral tradition
16:Ethnic group in Cameroon
2381:"Tikar Horns, Cameroon"
1989:10.1186/1471-2148-10-92
1212:Zeitlyn, David (1995).
673:was also found amongst
661:and David W. Reed, PhD.
568:and certain regions of
451:Kingdom of Ngambé-Tikar
336:as "those who wander."
2146:10.1126/sciadv.abq2616
1921:Blench, Roger (2011).
927:
905:
819:
662:
511:
418:
2409:www.hamillgallery.com
2385:www.hamillgallery.com
2361:www.hamillgallery.com
2309:www.hamillgallery.com
1561:www.101lasttribes.com
1475:10.3406/cea.1962.3704
1383:Price, David (1979).
1072:, American journalist
923:
902:
817:
659:
606:Grassfields languages
508:
416:
211:Western Grassfielders
180:Related ethnic groups
134:Grassfields Languages
2602:. 14 February 2022.
1035:, Cameroonian writer
852:Surrounded by great
491:Atlantic Slave Trade
378:Phyllis Mary Kaberry
324:During the reign of
305:, Ndop-Bamunka, and
201:(popularly known as
2712:. 17 September 2011
2514:Dowling, Marcus K.
2138:2023SciA....9.2616B
1980:2010BMCEE..10...92V
602:Western Grassfields
362:Molefi Kente Asante
279:ancestral reverence
79:
2760:at Ethnologue site
2629:, 31 December 2011
2071:(5): 923â939.e14.
1154:Vanessa A Williams
906:
820:
726:Cross River region
663:
639:, which spoken in
512:
419:
77:
42:You can assist by
3130:
3129:
2821:Anglo-Cameroonian
2269:(Pt 6): 549â563.
2044: 0002-9297.
1905:978-1-4129-3636-1
1276:978-2-7384-7405-6
1114:, American rapper
997:Simon Achidi Achu
935:northern Cameroon
646:noun-class system
616:language family.
608:belonging to the
447:Kingdom of Bankim
195:
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2735:African Ancestry
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2551:About PBS - Main
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2237:African Ancestry
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2132:(13): eabq2616.
2126:Science Advances
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1150:, American actor
1124:Condoleezza Rice
1118:Sheryl Lee Ralph
1064:Anthony Anderson
848:Cultural beliefs
832:were skilled in
777:Dr. Rick Kittles
671:Haplogroup L2a1*
627:language called
621:Northern Bantoid
610:Southern Bantoid
570:Bamenda Province
519:Bamum connection
459:Kingdom of Bamum
358:Kingdom of Bamum
330:Kingdom of Bamum
291:Kingdom of Bamum
263:Northern Nigeria
215:Northwest Region
160:65% Christianity
118:Northwest Region
107:3,065,644 (9.9%)
102:Total population
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2578:, 25 March 2019
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1148:Blair Underwood
1070:Jasmyne Cannick
1060:
1051:John Ngu Foncha
1015:Shey Lontum Yov
975:
911:God the Creator
897:
873:
871:Music and dance
850:
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698:Southern Africa
675:Central African
654:
600:They speak the
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360:. According to
328:, ruler of the
322:
293:. However, the
275:God the Creator
255:oral traditions
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2752:External links
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2520:The Tennessean
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2463:Joshua Project
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2197:(171): 33â35.
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1665:978-0810837751
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738:Adamawa region
667:Haplogroup L3e
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612:branch of the
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566:Adamawa Region
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463:Kingdom of Nso
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881:John Minang
683:Bubi people
614:Niger-Congo
428:Yesum/Yelaa
120:of Cameroon
3153:Semi-Bantu
3137:Categories
2740:2023-01-29
2716:2023-02-13
2695:2023-01-29
2657:2023-01-29
2633:2023-01-29
2610:2023-01-29
2582:2023-01-29
2556:2023-01-29
2525:2023-01-29
2439:2012-05-15
2414:2022-12-18
2390:2022-12-18
2366:2022-12-18
2336:Britannica
2314:2022-12-18
2242:2023-08-28
1945:2024-01-17
1811:2023-02-12
1693:2023-12-31
1591:2023-12-31
1566:2022-05-15
1161:References
1033:Bill F Ndi
1003:Naomi Achu
979:Justin Che
854:grasslands
748:people of
709:-speaking
625:semi-Bantu
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596:Languages
574:Northwest
528:Geography
374:Bambalang
320:Etymology
125:Languages
2856:Bamileke
2851:Baligham
2666:cite web
2604:Archived
2291:11851985
2172:36989356
2163:10058250
2103:36868214
2094:10568978
2016:20356404
1742:41857165
1687:NBC News
1586:VIBE.com
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1389:Paideuma
1009:Libianca
827:Artistry
787:and the
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715:Ethiopia
681:and the
679:Cameroon
652:Genetics
584:(Nsaw),
247:artisans
186:Bamileke
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