215:. Weaving in the Nepal and India carpet workshops was eventually dominated by local non-Tibetan workers, who replaced the original Tibetan émigré weavers. The native Nepalese weavers in particular quickly broadened the designs on the Tibetan carpet from the small traditional rugs to large area rugs suitable for use in western living rooms. This began a carpet industry that is important to the Nepalese economy even to this day, even though its reputation was eventually tarnished by
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187:. Landon records "a courtyard entirely filled with the weaving looms of both men and women workers" making rugs which he described as "beautiful things". The workshop was owned and run by one of the local aristocratic families, which was the norm in premodern Tibet. Many simpler weavings for domestic use were made in the home, but dedicated workshops made the decorated pile rugs that were sold to wealthy families in Lhasa and
248:(yellow) and Tibetan walnut (browns and greys), with a few other local plants producing yellow and greenish colors. Motifs consisted of two classes: the first type being simple geometric motifs such as the checkerboard and gau (amulet) design that probably formed part of an ancient Tibetan design repertoire, mingled with medallion designs and other motifs derived from
191:, and the monasteries. The monastic institutions housed thousands of monks, who sat on long, low platforms during religious ceremonies, that were nearly always covered in hand-woven carpets for comfort. Wealthier monasteries replaced these carpets regularly, providing income, or taking gifts in lieu of taxation, from hundreds or thousands of weavers.
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In a religious context, tiger rugs are related to the tiger skin loin cloths seen in painted images of fierce (wrathful) Tibetan
Buddhist gods. The tiger skin is believed to provide protection to a person engaged in meditation. Female wrathful gods sport snow leopard spot loin cloths, and old Tibetan
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or for use as gifts to visiting
Chinese delegations and government departments. Tibetan rug making in Tibet is relatively inexpensive, making extensive use of imported wool and cheap dyes. Some luxury rug makers have found success in Tibet in the last decade, but a gap still exists between Tibet-made
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Tibetan carpets from the 19th century (perhaps earlier, though mostly carpets from the 19th century survive) are relatively restrained in terms of design and coloring, carpet makers at that time being restricted to a narrow range of natural dyes including madder (red), indigo (blue), Tibetan rhubarb
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and intended to be hung on the wall. Carpet workshops founded by foreigners use wool with longer staple lengths and high lanolin content, which make for a stronger content, but are much more expensive, and have not found much success. However, as an economic activity, Tibetan rug making provides
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The term, "Wangden" is a marketplace term referring to a group of rugs of similar structure (a warp faced back weave). But given the wildly different palettes seen in these rugs, it is doubtful they could all originate from the small village of
Wangden, located in south/central Tibet. A Tibetan
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The knotting method used in
Tibetan rug making is different from that used in other rug making traditions worldwide. Some aspects of the rug making have been supplanted by cheaper machines in recent times, especially yarn spinning and trimming of the pile after weaving. However, some carpets are
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From the early 1900s a wider range of synthetic colors became available to
Tibetan weavers, and this seems to have stimulated the production of new and more complex designs, also based loosely on traditional Chinese motifs. The period of 1900-1950 saw the production of many colorful new designs
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In Lhasa, rug stores cater to both to local, national, and international tourists. Dark red
Turkish imitations from factories in Qinghai are sold alongside other Chinese rugs and even silk carpets with Middle-eastern designs. Amongst local Tibetans, replicas of traditional Tibetan designs from
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The carpet-making industry in Tibet stretches back hundreds if not thousands of years, yet as a lowly craft, it was not mentioned in early writings, aside from occasional references to the rugs owned by prominent religious figures. The first detailed accounts of
Tibetan rug weaving come from
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have established a thriving business in rug making. In Nepal the rug business is one of the largest industries in the country and there are many rug exporters. Tibet also has weaving workshops, but the export side of the industry is relatively undeveloped compared with Nepal and India.
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Tiger design rugs are found in several other carpet cultures, including Khotan rugs to the north, however it is amongst
Tibetan weavers that these designs achieve their highest development. The designs are lively and amongst the most original of all traditional Tibetan motifs.
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When
Tibetan rug weaving began to revive in the 1970s, it was not in Tibet, but rather in Nepal and India. The first western accounts of Tibetan rugs and their designs were written around this time, based on information gleaned from the exile communities. Western travelers in
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This type of rug was originally made for monastic use as a sitting carpet. Some monasteries still have long
Wangden runners on the bench seats used by monks during ceremonies. New rugs are still being woven, though mainly for domestic use and for the visitor market in Lhasa.
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Government-sponsored workshops target the tourist and "official delegation gift" markets, but the wools have short staples and make carpets that are more likely to shed fluff and become matted after cleaning. A popular design is the "Potala" rug, featuring a picture of the
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There are several kinds of Tibetan tiger rug designs. Some consist of "realistic" renderings of tiger pelts, while closely related rugs show more abstracted versions of tiger stripes. Another type of tiger rug shows a "whole pelt", complete with legs and grinning face.
141:. Tibetans use rugs for many purposes ranging from flooring to wall hanging to horse saddles, though the most common use is as a seating carpet. A typical sleeping carpet measuring around 3 ft Ă— 5 ft (0.91 m Ă— 1.52 m) is called a
321:, and a thicker pile than a typical Tibetan carpet, and also sport a thick shaggy fringe. Today these rugs are woven only in the Wangden valley, in the region south of Shigatse, though their manufacture may have been more widespread at one time.
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was later exacerbated by land collectivization that enabled rural people to obtain a livelihood without weaving, and reduced the power of the landholding monasteries. Many of the aristocratic families who formerly organized the weaving
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Wangden sitting rug from the late 19th or early part of the 20th century. The red coloring and red fringe indicate that this rug was used in a monastic setting, probably by a senior lama since junior monks rarely owned such pieces
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valuable cash income for rural communities who weave in the winter months. Several overseas investors and NGOs are trying to encourage a revival of high quality local wool and natural dyes in Tibetan rug making.
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The interest of western collectors of Tibetan rugs was particularly piqued by tiger rugs, in part because of their associations with Tantric meditation; many Tibetan tiger rugs were gifts for
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From its heyday in the 19th and early 20th century, the Tibetan carpet industry fell into serious decline in the second half of the 20th. The illegal Chinese invasion of Tibet that
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A small Tibetan sitting rug with traditional Gau (amulet) design, representative of the designs that are believed to be amongst the oldest on Tibetan carpets
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A Tibetan tiger rug (modern) with and abstract pelt design. Rugs like this were used as meditation seats when tiger skins were unavailable
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Tibetan khaden with designs from the early part of the 20th century showing the greater elaboration and wider color range from this period
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The Wangden rug has also been reinterpreted in a contemporary way by Bartoli Design for the Nodus collections.
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featuring dragons, phoenix, floral motifs, clouds and so on. Though the main influence was
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arranged for the establishment of workshops that wove Tibetan rugs for export to the
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machine-woven polyester are popular inexpensive alternatives to hand-made carpets.
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Tibetan khaden (sleeping rugs) with designs typical of 19th century weavings
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The Tibetan Carpet, by Philip Denwood, Aris and Phillips Ltd, England, 1974
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Lhasa and its Mysteries, by L Austine Waddell, John Murray, London, 1905
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29-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1793)
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13-Article Ordinance for the More Effective Governing of Tibet (1751)
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during this period, along with their money and management expertise.
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The Opening of Tibet, by Perceval Landon, Doubleday, New York, 1905
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Convention Between Great Britain and China Respecting Tibet (1906)
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Tibetan Rugs, by Hallvard Kare Kulloy, Orchid Press, Bangkok, 1995
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The Tiger Rugs of Tibet, by Mimi Lipton, Thames and Hudson, 1988
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product and the "Tibetan style" rugs made in South Asia.
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Of Wool and Loom, by Trinley Chodrak, Weatherhill, 2000
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Sino-Indian Trade Agreement over Tibetan Border (1954)
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Treaty of friendship and alliance with Mongolia (1913)
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rugs are occasionally found with leopard spots too.
179:described a weaving workshop they encountered near
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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129:making is an ancient, traditional craft. Tibetan
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2084:Self-immolation protests by Tibetans in China
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1272:Textile Museum (George Washington University)
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317:Many Wangden rugs have a looser weave, lower
133:are traditionally made from Tibetan highland
442:Tibetan Caravans: Journeys From Leh to Lhasa
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106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1591:Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting
519:History, Symbols, Motifs of Tibetan Rugs
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1841:Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs
175:in 1903-04. Both Laurence Waddell and
171:foreigners who entered Tibet with the
1922:People's Republic of China (PRC) rule
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2049:1938–1939 German expedition to Tibet
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495:"WANGDEN1 rug for Nodus collections"
44:adding citations to reliable sources
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2027:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1910)
1982:Chinese expedition to Tibet (1720)
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2064:Protests and uprisings since 1950
2054:1939 Japanese expedition to Tibet
1237:Museum of Applied Arts (Budapest)
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2172:70,000 Character Petition (1962)
2162:Seventeen Point Agreement (1951)
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2147:Anglo-Russian Convention (1907)
1277:Turkish and Islamic Arts Museum
332:Present Day Production in Tibet
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31:needs additional citations for
2402:Patron and priest relationship
2368:Central Tibetan Administration
2177:Memorandum on Genuine Autonomy
1554:Early Anatolian animal carpets
1242:Museum of Applied Arts, Vienna
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2767:Historical and cultural sites
2132:Convention of Calcutta (1890)
1262:Museum of Islamic Art, Berlin
445:. Speaking Tiger Publishing.
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250:Chinese decorative traditions
2107:Treaty of Tingmosgang (1684)
475:. www.filz-kugel-teppiche.de
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2127:Treaty of Thapathali (1856)
2017:British expedition to Tibet
2007:Nepal-Tibet War (1855–1856)
1977:Battle of the Salween River
1247:Museum of Islamic Art, Doha
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2500:Postage and postal history
1952:Tibetan attack on Songzhou
1287:Victoria and Albert Museum
1227:Metropolitan Museum of Art
1207:Brukenthal National Museum
1202:Dar al Athar al Islamiyyah
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1962:Mongol invasions of Tibet
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1382:Ghiordes and Senneh knots
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173:British invasion of Tibet
2360:Tibet Autonomous Region
2122:Treaty of Chushul (1842)
2074:1987–1989 Tibetan unrest
1448:Madder (Rubia tinctorum)
1192:Azerbaijan Carpet Museum
149:still made by hand. The
2467:TAR People's Government
2427:Serfs' Emancipation Day
1967:Tibet–Ladakh–Mughal war
1518:DOBAG Carpet Initiative
224:Tibet Autonomous Region
201:fled to India and Nepal
2137:Treaty of Lhasa (1904)
2091:Special Frontier Force
1528:Savonnerie manufactory
1523:A & M Karagheusian
1267:Saint Louis Art Museum
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2505:Qinghai-Tibet Highway
2472:TAR People's Congress
2444:India–Tibet relations
2417:Independence movement
2069:1959 Tibetan uprising
1957:Battle of Dafei River
1805:Era of Fragmentation
1282:Turkmen Carpet Museum
1197:Carpet Museum of Iran
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2818:Traditional medicine
2032:Xinhai Lhasa turmoil
1853:Relations with Ming
1823:Relations with Song
1795:Relations with Tang
1733:European exploration
1453:Indigofera tinctoria
1323:Hot water extraction
1111:Sir Francis Crossley
439:Radhu, A.W. (2017).
288:in the monasteries.
217:child labor scandals
40:improve this article
2462:Regional Government
2439:CIA Tibetan program
2422:Serfdom controversy
2306:Traditional regions
2157:Simla Accord (1914)
2079:2008 Tibetan unrest
1903:List of Qing ambans
1848:Phagmodrupa dynasty
1639:Armenian Orphan Rug
1313:Dry carpet cleaning
1252:Museo Poldi Pezzoli
1126:Arshag Karagheusian
1121:Arthur T. Gregorian
2776:(ceremonial scarf)
2747:Dzong architecture
2564:Imperial Preceptor
2434:Sovereignty debate
2380:Etymology of Tibet
1992:Lhasa riot of 1750
1987:Jinchuan campaigns
1972:Battle of Dartsedo
1890:Qing dynasty rule
1833:Yuan dynasty rule
1807:(9th–13th century)
1625:Notable individual
1611:Transylvanian rugs
1542:Carpets in culture
1480:Dyes in Uzbekistan
1468:Armenian cochineal
366:Sichuan embroidery
356:Bhutanese textiles
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2012:Sikkim expedition
2002:Dogra–Tibetan War
1997:Sino-Nepalese War
1932:political leaders
1910:Post-Qing to 1950
1863:Rinpungpa dynasty
1774:(7th–9th century)
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1654:Coronation Carpet
1533:Ziegler & Co.
1498:Axminster Carpets
1176:Charles T. Yerkes
1151:Arthur Upham Pope
452:978-93-86582-29-4
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1473:Polish cochineal
1375:and installation
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860:Shahsevan rug
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343:Potala Palace
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57: –
56:
55:"Tibetan rug"
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
2793:
2786:
2772:
2720:sand mandala
2712:
2705:
2700:
2646:Sinicization
2618:Panchen Lama
2613:Lhamo La-tso
2596:Ganden Tripa
2390:Human rights
2264:Grand Canyon
2244:Namcha Barwa
2237: /
1915:Tibetan Army
1813:Guge kingdom
1586:Magic carpet
1579:Tree of life
1564:Kilim motifs
1387:Knot density
1116:Kurt Erdmann
901:
892:Scandinavian
638:Gasimushaghi
498:. Retrieved
489:
477:. Retrieved
467:
456:. Retrieved
441:
434:
425:
416:
407:
398:
389:
380:
361:Kashmiri rug
339:
335:
327:
323:
316:
304:Wangden rugs
298:
294:
290:
283:
262:
246:
221:
205:
193:
169:
147:
142:
138:
126:
125:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
2879:Tibetan art
2730:wall murals
2634:Catholicism
2218:Environment
1892:(1720–1912)
1855:(1368–1644)
1835:(1270–1350)
1756:(Neolithic)
1754:Prehistory
1644:Badding Rug
1438:Natural dye
1402:Rug hooking
1373:Manufacture
1232:Miho Museum
1156:Alois Riegl
975:Bessarabian
675:Bessarabian
628:Demirchilar
588:Azerbaijani
500:20 November
127:Tibetan rug
2868:Categories
2813:Tibetology
2782:Literature
2601:Dalai Lama
2454:Government
2412:Tibet Area
2407:Golden Urn
2373:Parliament
1898:Lifan Yuan
1825:(960–1279)
1762:Zhangzhung
1747:Chronology
1606:Red carpet
1601:Prayer rug
1569:Elibelinde
1513:Dilmaghani
1412:Tack strip
1407:Rug making
1318:Floorcloth
990:Chiprovtsi
479:14 January
458:2024-05-13
372:References
319:knot count
272:Tiger rugs
66:newspapers
2795:Chronicle
2757:Festivals
2569:Dpon-chen
2539:Languages
2534:Education
2283:Changtang
2225:Mountains
2192:Geography
2100:Documents
1945:conflicts
1797:(618–907)
1716:Overviews
1549:Eagle rug
1463:Cochineal
985:Caucasian
955:Axminster
770:Bakshaish
765:Bakhtiari
730:Pakistani
685:Catalogne
618:Caucasian
603:Arraiolos
209:Kathmandu
2853:Category
2737:Calendar
2671:Diaspora
2544:Religion
2348:Politics
2249:Tanggula
2239:Changtse
1943:Wars and
1818:Tsongkha
1780:Timeline
1723:Timeline
1700:articles
1616:War rugs
1574:Evil eye
1503:Brintons
1417:Underlay
1301:Cleaning
1020:Karabakh
995:Crivelli
980:Bradford
950:Armenian
897:Seychour
855:Seraband
805:Karadagh
780:Borujerd
725:Oriental
705:Kashmiri
648:Karabakh
613:Borchaly
593:Absheron
350:See also
189:Shigatse
139:changpel
96:May 2011
2837:Outline
2801:writers
2742:Cuisine
2707:thangka
2688:Culture
2661:Changpa
2576:Nyingma
2523:Society
2488:Economy
2323:Ăś-Tsang
2297:Valleys
2255:Rivers
2230:Kailash
1790:Lönchen
1772:Empire
1708:History
1627:carpets
1458:Carmine
1342:Fabrics
1080:Turkish
1075:Swedish
1055:Persian
1045:Memling
1035:Lilihan
1030:Holbein
970:Bergama
960:Bellini
945:Arabian
938:Carpets
907:Turkmen
902:Tibetan
875:Varamin
835:Mashhad
830:Kurdish
815:Kashmar
795:Isfahan
760:Ardabil
740:Persian
710:Lilihan
700:Flokati
695:Dhurrie
680:Braided
598:Aghajly
583:Alcaraz
573:Arabian
266:Chinese
181:Gyantse
166:History
80:scholar
2788:Annals
2752:Emblem
2714:tsakli
2586:Jonang
2235:Lhotse
2179:(2008)
1878:Kashag
1698:
1364:Soumak
1349:Frieze
1292:Wilton
1217:Louvre
1185:Places
1099:People
1070:Sarouk
1015:Hereke
1010:Gabbeh
1005:Fitted
1000:Ersari
965:Berber
880:Zanjan
870:Tabriz
865:Shiraz
850:Sarouk
820:Kerman
810:Kashan
785:Gabbeh
775:Bidjar
745:Abadeh
735:Petate
720:Navajo
715:Mughal
668:Shedde
578:Afghan
449:
235:Design
143:khaden
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
2844:Index
2808:Music
2773:Khata
2676:Names
2666:Yolmo
2639:Islam
2591:Gelug
2581:Kagyu
2559:Sakya
2362:(TAR)
2328:Ngari
2213:Fauna
2208:Flora
1696:Tibet
1397:Rubia
1354:Jajim
1090:Yomut
1085:Ushak
1060:Pirot
1050:Milas
1040:Lotto
1025:Konya
929:YĂĽrĂĽk
912:Uzbek
825:Kilim
800:Jozan
790:Heriz
690:Chobi
653:Kilim
633:Ganja
608:Arran
286:lamas
185:Lhasa
159:Nepal
155:India
135:sheep
87:JSTOR
73:books
2762:Flag
2701:rugs
2623:list
2606:list
2395:LGBT
2318:Kham
2313:Amdo
1431:Dyes
1392:Pile
1359:Shag
1065:Quba
840:Nain
755:Arak
750:Ahar
658:Quba
623:Chul
566:Rugs
502:2022
481:2016
447:ISBN
213:West
157:and
131:rugs
59:news
2696:Art
2549:Bon
1559:Gul
887:Rya
845:Qom
643:Jek
153:in
42:by
2870::
252:.
145:.
1688:e
1681:t
1674:v
551:e
544:t
537:v
504:.
483:.
461:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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