361:
33:
54:
2800:
1216:: Albemarle, Amelia, Amherst, Appomattox, Augusta, Bedford, Botetourt, Brunswick, Buckingham, Campbell, Caroline, Charlotte, Chesterfield, Culpeper, Cumberland, Fairfax, Fauquier, Fluvanna, Franklin, Goochland, Halifax, Henrico, Henry, James City, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, Nelson, Patrick, Pittsylvania, Powhatan, Prince Edward, Roanoke, Spotsylvania, Stafford, Sussex
1021:
The taxonomies of Lakela and Nesom agree insofar as the ability to produce stolons (or not) warrants separate species, but the two authors disagree with respect to stem leaves. Lakela believed that the presence of stem leaves is "without taxonomic significance" whereas Nesom described two new species
760:(i.e., runners); and second, plants may or may not have stem leaves. In the northern part of its range, the species usually has a naked stem, but in the south, stem leaves are the rule rather than the exception. As described by Lakela, var.
481:, a closely related species that occurs over a similar range and habitat. If a plant lacks sufficient evidence of flowering, the orientation of the hairs on the basal leaf stalk may be used to distinguish the two species. All species of
764:
includes plants with stolons in the southeastern United States. Although the variety usually has stem leaves, Lakela did not consider this to be of taxonomic significance and therefore did not use this fact to distinguish
1013:
As of
October 2022, the taxonomy proposed by Nesom is accepted by Plants of the World Online and a few other authorities. The taxonomy is especially popular in the southeastern United States where the diversity of
1148:: Connecticut, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin
1241:
are immediately adjacent along the Blue Ridge
Mountains in western Virginia and western North Carolina where both species are known to occur in a handful of North Carolina counties (
853:
was sourced in northeastern
Virginia, a region where the stoloniferous form of the species was not known to occur. Nesom went on to propose a major revision of the genus in which
308:
in eastern North
America, but in 2021, the species was split into multiple taxa, which caused the name to have a different meaning. For clarity, the qualified name
3310:
1135:
is wide-ranging, from northeastern
Wisconsin across southeastern Canada to Nova Scotia, extending southward through the Appalachians into Alabama and Mississippi:
1196:, Cabarrus, Caldwell, Catawba, Chatham, Cleveland, Cumberland, Davie, Durham, Forsyth, Gaston, Granville, Guilford, Harnett, Iredell, Johnston, Lee, Lincoln,
842:
For a long time, botanists considered the stoloniferous northern expression initially described by Lakela to be the typical variant of the species. In 2021,
599:
in northeastern
Virginia but the precise date of the collection is unknown. In 1738, Linnaeus incorrectly cited the lectotype as "Mitella scapo nudo" in
839:
Despite the work of Lakela, Wherry, and others, the simple taxonomy in FNA is recognized by multiple authorities. The USDA taxonomy is used less so.
3305:
3300:
1361:
3040:
2182:
3128:
1162:
from
Maryland southward through Virginia and the Carolinas, continuing into Georgia. Counties where the species is known to occur include:
1210:: Abbeville, Cherokee, Chester, Edgefield, Fairfield, Kershaw, Lancaster, Laurens, McCormick, Newberry, Richland, Spartanburg, Union, York
3320:
987:
represents the wide-ranging northern stoloniferous form that Lakela, Wherry, and others previously considered to be the typical form of
824:
Both Lakela and Wherry considered the northern stoloniferous form to be the typical variety of the species. Lakela explicitly described
398:
of 15–50 flowers. The flowers are white, small and feathery, giving the flower cluster a fuzzy appearance. Each flower has 5
3190:
2988:
410:(which are longer than the petals). The two unequal seed capsules split along their inside seams, releasing several pitted seeds.
3335:
3066:
3001:
1848:
3094:
1536:
2055:
3330:
3071:
2023:
489:
has long retrorse hairs (backward-facing, angled 45 degrees or less) sparsely distributed along its basal leaf stalk.
3315:
2553:
2414:
1969:
1417:
485:
in eastern North
America have dense spreading hairs (outward-facing, angled 90 degrees) of various lengths while
3325:
1993:
1271:
are adjacent in southwestern North
Carolina and northwestern South Carolina. In northeastern Georgia, the ranges of
3295:
3133:
3027:
2535:
2396:
1951:
1399:
1159:
1158:
prefers moist forests, coves, rock outcrops, and well-drained bottomlands. Its range is narrowly confined to the
980:
832:
to represent this taxon. Unfortunately the name was invalidly published, and so the USDA taxonomy uses var.
337:
3208:
1200:, Mecklenburg, Montgomery, Orange, Randolph, Rockingham, Rowan, Rutherford, Stanly, Stokes, Surry, Union, Wake,
2852:
652:
394:
have uniformly scattered hairs. The erect flowering stem is 15–40 cm (6–16 in) long, with a terminal
2915:
3115:
2901:
749:
in an influential paper published in 1937. Lakela observed two important facts regarding the entity known as
2980:
1670:
1493:
673:
in eastern North
America. The two authorities differ in that the USDA taxonomy recognizes three varieties:
632:
is complex. Various authorities recognize from one to five related species, some of which include taxa at
3216:
3053:
2928:
2923:
2804:
2545:
2406:
1961:
1696:
1511:
1409:
1339:
3006:
587:
in 1753. Linnaeus had two specimens at his disposal when he described the species, and so initially the
360:
3203:
2818:
2541:
2490:
2485:
2402:
2244:
2239:
1957:
1458:
1453:
1405:
658:
3089:
2436:
1692:
1507:
53:
1821:
2744:
2649:
1793:
1044:
was described from Tyron Mountain, North Carolina in 1903, but the leaves of the specimen are from
40:
3107:
2692:
1743:
596:
3254:
3195:
1852:
591:
was ambiguous. It remained that way until 1991, when one of the specimens was designated as the
3045:
2975:
2863:
2574:
2088:
1365:
645:
32:
1597:
791:, the botanist who collected the specimens cited by Lakela. In 1940, Wherry himself described
2784:
1552:
1343:
1085:
1066:) suggests that leaf morphology was intended to be the defining characteristic of the taxon,
329:
157:
3159:
2120:
1913:
2949:
2674:
1627:
1237:
1116:
931:
773:
746:
601:
558:
543:
428:
2628:
836:
to represent plants with stolons from the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada.
8:
3182:
3262:
2735:
633:
181:
48:
1299:
flowers March through July. A wide range of insects, including bees, butterflies, and
787:, differing only with respect to stolon production. The species was named in honor of
3290:
3154:
2936:
2824:
2763:
2297:
1532:
1506:. Vol. 8. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
1267:
872:
607:
549:
422:
1678:
1501:
3267:
2941:
2731:
2265:
1277:
1075:
956:
921:
568:
477:
452:
443:). Some species have relatively large basal leaves with an extended terminal lobe (
434:
375:
267:
669:(FNA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) recognize one species of
3221:
3169:
3141:
3081:
2886:
2814:
2549:
2410:
2352:
1965:
1526:
1413:
788:
379:
263:
91:
3244:
3120:
2227:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1441:
3177:
2323:
556:
Except for the stolon, the key features listed above are identical to those of
78:
2473:
3284:
2767:
1817:
1789:
1715:
1224:
1155:
969:
588:
584:
461:
312:
270:
195:
173:
124:
3058:
3234:
1095:
collected in Michigan the year before. Unlike the typical northern form of
843:
387:
349:
114:
3146:
2788:. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden.
3102:
3014:
2895:
1351:
1304:
2583:
County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
1006:, circumscribing it without stem leaves while simultaneously describing
776:
a population of plants that lacked stolons into a new species. Known as
2993:
1636:
State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
1606:
State-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
1303:
flies, may serve as pollinators, but detailed published information on
1296:
1132:
1092:
858:
810:. According to the USDA taxonomy, however, the latter is a synonym for
391:
390:
have hairy stalks up to 20 cm (8 in) long. Both sides of the
371:
319:
3019:
2962:
592:
562:, so distinguishing the two species may be difficult. Also note that
3032:
2857:
1387:
3229:
2880:
1350:, but lacks the invasive tendencies of many more commonly employed
471:
sensu lato resemble those of species in other genera. For example,
341:
134:
104:
2967:
2523:
2384:
1939:
1592:
1590:
1300:
1055:. Regardless, most authors consider the name to be a synonym for
621:
407:
383:
277:
means "with heart-shaped leaves", a characteristic shared by all
259:
2567:
2954:
2910:
2842:. Garden City, NY: Doubleday Page and Company, 1934. 91. Print.
2799:
2609:
2149:
1323:). Based on individual state rankings, it may be inferred that
757:
505:
of the following key features must be verified (in any order):
418:
395:
2781:
1726:
1650:
1587:
1922:
Notulae Naturae (Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia)
1100:
524:
usually obtuse to rounded with the terminal lobe not extended
403:
399:
65:
2691:
Fields, Douglas; Brzeskiewicz, Marjory (December 22, 2002).
2629:"RHS Plant Selector Tiarella cordifolia AGM / RHS Gardening"
1683:. Vol. 8. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press
1620:
783:, it has basal leaves and stem leaves similar to var.
636:
rank. For example, the following alternative taxonomies of
278:
1010:, a new southern non-stoloniferous form with stem leaves.
2849:. Toronto: D. Van Nostrand Company Inc., 1949. 55. Print.
1531:(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 121.
1346:. It spreads well by rhizomes, unlike other cultivars of
999:
was raised to species status. Finally, Nesom resurrected
2693:"Conservation Assessment for Heart-leaved Foam-flower (
1988:
1986:
1677:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1500:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
661:
accepts five related species with no infraspecific taxa
625:, a genus of flowering plants known as the miterworts.
1863:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
1575:
352:
for their erect stems of foamy cream-colored flowers.
2655:. Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 102
2597:
1890:
1880:
1878:
991:. The southern stoloniferous form that Lakela called
979:
refers to the non-stoloniferous form found along the
756:
First, many (but not all) plants of the species have
1983:
285:
in eastern North America. It is also referred to as
2196:. New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection
1826:. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. p. 406
846:provided strong evidence that the type specimen of
649:
accepts a single species with no infraspecific taxa
2783:
2782:Weakley, Alan S.; Southeastern Flora Team (2022).
2690:
2615:
2504:
1875:
1770:
1703:
1656:
2208:
1436:
1434:
1382:
1380:
861:below) consists of five closely related species:
655:recognizes one species comprising three varieties
315:(abbreviated s.s.) refers to the new taxon while
3282:
2813:
2675:"Blog | Pennsylvania Horticultural Society"
3311:Flora of the Great Lakes region (North America)
2715:Lakela, Olga (1937). "A monograph of the genus
2220:
2100:Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1475:
595:of the species. The lectotype was collected by
2585:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
2081:
2035:Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
1907:
1905:
1737:
1735:
1669:Soltis, Douglas E.; Freeman, Craig C. (2009).
1638:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
1608:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
1431:
1377:
2825:Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
2516:
2466:
2377:
1932:
1810:
1782:
1668:
1662:
1142:: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Québec
534:If the plant in question has a stolon, it is
2345:
1843:
1841:
1727:Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2022)
1680:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1518:
1503:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1472:
583:was first described by the Swedish botanist
304:has referred to the one and only species of
2428:
1902:
1732:
2142:
2113:
2048:
2016:
1847:
1327:sensu stricto is globally secure as well.
1227:does not significantly overlap with other
541:sensu stricto. In that case, it is either
336:sensu stricto is narrowly confined to the
31:
2785:"Flora of the southeastern United States"
2258:
2174:
2069:. United States Department of Agriculture
1838:
1744:"Typification of the Linnaean species of
721:The treatment in FNA considers var.
2833:Common Flowering Plants of the Northeast
1816:
1788:
1524:
359:
3306:Flora of the Southeastern United States
3301:Flora of the Northeastern United States
2835:. Albany: SUNY Press, 1985. 120. Print.
2526:Tiarella cordifolia var. bracteata
3283:
2714:
2434:
2290:
1911:
1896:
1884:
1741:
1178:: Charles, Montgomery, Prince George's
572:, differing only in the basal leaves.
43:, North Carolina, USA (16 April)
2862:
2861:
2742:
2702:. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region
2603:
2510:
2304:. North Carolina Biodiversity Project
2214:
2180:
1861:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
1776:
1709:
1581:
1942:Tiarella cordifolia var. typica
1545:
2749:(Saxifragaceae) in the eastern USA"
2554:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2415:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2316:
1970:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1563:. The University of Texas at Austin
1561:Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
1491:
1418:Australian National Botanic Gardens
745:was described by American botanist
530:without leaves or foliaceous bracts
464:has none of these characteristics.
13:
3321:Flora of the Appalachian Mountains
3209:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30175905-2
2736:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1937.tb09109.x
1030:) based on that single character.
328:sensu lato is wide-ranging across
14:
3347:
2793:
2302:Vascular Plants of North Carolina
799:, a non-stoloniferous variety of
605:, but the error was corrected in
492:
467:The heart-shaped basal leaves of
2798:
2616:Fields & Brzeskiewicz (2002)
1657:Fields & Brzeskiewicz (2002)
1231:species. However, the ranges of
1099:, Farwell's variety had a small
52:
2684:
2667:
2642:
2621:
2536:International Plant Names Index
2397:International Plant Names Index
1952:International Plant Names Index
1400:International Plant Names Index
1319:sensu lato is globally secure (
1310:
1160:East Coast of the United States
1123:
981:East Coast of the United States
338:East Coast of the United States
3336:Garden plants of North America
1330:
653:U.S. Department of Agriculture
355:
1:
2181:Dodds, Jill S. (April 2022).
1371:
1360:'FM Mooberry' is named after
1103:on the flower stem. The name
1062:Since the choice of epithet (
1033:
619:because of its similarity to
518:usually about as long as wide
433:) and some have stem leaves (
857:in the broad sense (labeled
803:thought to be distinct from
566:sensu stricto is similar to
406:, and 10 long, slender
7:
3331:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2546:Harvard University Herbaria
2407:Harvard University Herbaria
1962:Harvard University Herbaria
1697:Harvard University Herbaria
1512:Harvard University Herbaria
1410:Harvard University Herbaria
1340:Royal Horticultural Society
1315:The conservation status of
575:
475:is sometimes confused with
10:
3352:
3316:Flora of the United States
2840:Wild Flowers Worth Knowing
2820:Wild Flowers Worth Knowing
2542:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2491:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2486:Plants of the World Online
2403:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2245:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2240:Plants of the World Online
1958:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1459:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1454:Plants of the World Online
1406:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1288:
1261:). Likewise the ranges of
1128:In eastern North America,
769:from the typical variety.
659:Plants of the World Online
16:Species of flowering plant
2870:
2650:"AGM Plants - Ornamental"
2150:"Heartleaved Foamflower (
1912:Wherry, Edgar T. (1940).
1742:Reveal, James L. (1991).
1693:Missouri Botanical Garden
1691:– via eFloras.org,
1508:Missouri Botanical Garden
1073:is in fact a synonym for
322:refers to the old taxon.
187:
180:
163:
156:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
3326:Plants described in 1753
1914:"A novelty in the genus
1798:. Amsterdam. p. 167
1525:Gledhill, David (2008).
1018:sensu lato is greatest.
615:is sometimes called the
382:with a scaly horizontal
41:Uwharrie National Forest
3296:Flora of Eastern Canada
1184:: Alamance, Alexander,
1088:described a variety of
497:To positively identify
300:Historically, the name
256:heart-leaved foamflower
2845:Moldenke, Harold M. .
2743:Nesom, Guy L. (2021).
1695:, St. Louis, MO &
1510:, St. Louis, MO &
1366:Brandywine Conservancy
667:Flora of North America
646:Flora of North America
365:
2847:American Wild Flowers
2809:at Wikimedia Commons
2435:Lakela, Olga (1936).
2121:"Open Tree taxonomy:
1492:Jog, Suneeti (2009).
1344:Award of Garden Merit
1114:is now a synonym for
1086:Oliver Atkins Farwell
968:In the strict sense (
363:
330:eastern North America
2476:Tiarella macrophylla
2439:Tiarella macrophylla
2387:Tiarella macrophylla
2355:Tiarella stolonifera
2161:Encyclopedia of Life
2002:NatureServe Explorer
1795:Hortus Cliffortianus
1117:Tiarella stolonifera
1068:Tiarella macrophylla
1039:Tiarella macrophylla
985:Tiarella stolonifera
932:Tiarella stolonifera
602:Hortus Cliffortianus
559:Tiarella stolonifera
544:Tiarella stolonifera
287:Allegheny foamflower
273:. The specific name
230:Tiarella cordifolia
218:Tiarella cordifolia
206:Tiarella cordifolia
3170:Tiarella_cordifolia
2916:tiarella-cordifolia
2902:Tiarella cordifolia
2872:Tiarella cordifolia
2806:Tiarella cordifolia
2722:in North America".
2695:Tiarella cordifolia
2577:Tiarella cordifolia
2332:Alabama Plant Atlas
2191:Rare Plant Profile"
2185:Tiarella cordifolia
2152:Tiarella cordifolia
2123:Tiarella cordifolia
2091:Tiarella cordifolia
2026:Tiarella cordifolia
1996:Tiarella cordifolia
1855:Tiarella cordifolia
1600:Tiarella cordifolia
1555:Tiarella cordifolia
1528:The Names of Plants
1496:Tiarella cordifolia
1444:Tiarella cordifolia
1390:Tiarella cordifolia
1358:Tiarella cordifolia
1336:Tiarella cordifolia
1325:Tiarella cordifolia
1317:Tiarella cordifolia
1294:Tiarella cordifolia
1238:T. stolonifera
1222:Tiarella cordifolia
1153:Tiarella cordifolia
1130:Tiarella cordifolia
1105:Tiarella cordifolia
1090:Tiarella cordifolia
1057:Tiarella cordifolia
1016:Tiarella cordifolia
993:Tiarella cordifolia
989:Tiarella cordifolia
974:Tiarella cordifolia
942:Tiarella cordifolia
907:Tiarella cordifolia
897:Tiarella cordifolia
883:Tiarella cordifolia
866:Tiarella cordifolia
855:Tiarella cordifolia
848:Tiarella cordifolia
826:Tiarella cordifolia
812:Tiarella cordifolia
793:Tiarella cordifolia
751:Tiarella cordifolia
739:Tiarella cordifolia
731:Tiarella cordifolia
729:to be synonyms for
710:Tiarella cordifolia
698:Tiarella cordifolia
686:Tiarella cordifolia
678:Tiarella cordifolia
638:Tiarella cordifolia
630:Tiarella cordifolia
613:Tiarella cordifolia
581:Tiarella cordifolia
564:Tiarella cordifolia
539:Tiarella cordifolia
499:Tiarella cordifolia
469:Tiarella cordifolia
459:Tiarella cordifolia
430:T. stolonifera
386:. The heart-shaped
369:Tiarella cordifolia
334:Tiarella cordifolia
326:Tiarella cordifolia
317:Tiarella cordifolia
310:Tiarella cordifolia
302:Tiarella cordifolia
251:Tiarella cordifolia
167:Tiarella cordifolia
25:Tiarella cordifolia
2838:Blanchan, Neltje.
2129:opentreeoflife.org
1584:, pp. 1, 8–9.
1273:T. cordifolia
1263:T. cordifolia
1233:T. cordifolia
1169:: Clarke, Elbert,
1097:T. cordifolia
983:. The new species
877:(Lakela) G.L.Nesom
801:T. cordifolia
366:
149:T. cordifolia
3278:
3277:
3155:Open Tree of Life
2864:Taxon identifiers
2803:Media related to
2631:. Apps.rhs.org.uk
2277:Catalogue of Life
1823:Species Plantarum
1538:978-0-521-86645-3
873:Tiarella austrina
608:Species Plantarum
550:Tiarella austrina
247:
246:
238:
226:
214:
3343:
3271:
3270:
3258:
3257:
3248:
3247:
3238:
3237:
3225:
3224:
3212:
3211:
3199:
3198:
3186:
3185:
3173:
3172:
3163:
3162:
3150:
3149:
3137:
3136:
3124:
3123:
3121:NBNSYS0200003304
3111:
3110:
3098:
3097:
3085:
3084:
3075:
3074:
3062:
3061:
3049:
3048:
3036:
3035:
3023:
3022:
3010:
3009:
2997:
2996:
2984:
2983:
2971:
2970:
2958:
2957:
2945:
2944:
2932:
2931:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2891:
2890:
2889:
2859:
2858:
2853:Discoverlife.org
2828:
2815:Blanchan, Neltje
2802:
2789:
2787:
2778:
2776:
2774:
2753:
2739:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2701:
2679:
2678:
2671:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2654:
2646:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2625:
2619:
2613:
2607:
2606:, pp. 9–10.
2601:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2530:
2520:
2514:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2480:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2443:
2432:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2421:
2391:
2381:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2359:
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2195:
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2156:
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2020:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2009:
1990:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1946:
1936:
1930:
1929:
1918:(Saxifragaceae)"
1909:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1845:
1836:
1835:
1833:
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1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1803:
1786:
1780:
1774:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1748:(Saxifragaceae)"
1739:
1730:
1724:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1700:
1699:, Cambridge, MA.
1690:
1688:
1673:Mitella diphylla
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1630:Mitella diphylla
1624:
1618:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1594:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1549:
1543:
1542:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1514:, Cambridge, MA.
1489:
1470:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1448:
1438:
1429:
1428:
1426:
1424:
1394:
1384:
1268:T. austrina
1113:
1081:
1076:Heuchera villosa
1072:
1061:
1050:
1046:Heuchera villosa
1043:
1024:T. austrina
1008:Tiarella nautila
1005:
1001:Tiarella wherryi
978:
962:
957:Tiarella wherryi
950:
937:
927:
922:Tiarella nautila
915:
901:
891:
878:
852:
820:
809:
805:Tiarella wherryi
782:
778:Tiarella wherryi
755:
735:
706:
694:
682:
628:The taxonomy of
569:Tiarella wherryi
522:Basal leaf lobes
487:M. diphylla
478:Mitella diphylla
445:T. austrina
441:T. austrina
424:T. austrina
413:Some species of
236:
233:
224:
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169:
57:
56:
35:
21:
20:
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3207:
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3145:
3142:Observation.org
3140:
3132:
3127:
3119:
3114:
3106:
3101:
3093:
3088:
3080:
3079:MichiganFlora:
3078:
3070:
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3044:
3039:
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3026:
3018:
3013:
3005:
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2992:
2987:
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2751:
2719:
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2699:
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2673:
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2598:
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2517:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2478:
2472:
2471:
2467:
2457:
2455:
2441:
2437:"The status of
2433:
2429:
2419:
2417:
2389:
2383:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2366:
2357:
2351:
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2296:
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2279:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2249:
2247:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2213:
2209:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2179:
2175:
2165:
2163:
2154:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2093:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2072:
2070:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2039:
2037:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2007:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1974:
1972:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1910:
1903:
1895:
1891:
1883:
1876:
1866:
1864:
1846:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1815:
1811:
1801:
1799:
1787:
1783:
1775:
1771:
1761:
1759:
1740:
1733:
1725:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1686:
1684:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1639:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1611:
1609:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1539:
1523:
1519:
1490:
1473:
1463:
1461:
1446:
1440:
1439:
1432:
1422:
1420:
1392:
1386:
1385:
1378:
1374:
1338:has gained the
1333:
1313:
1291:
1278:T. nautila
1126:
1111:
1079:
1070:
1059:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1028:T. nautila
1003:
976:
960:
948:
935:
925:
913:
899:
889:
876:
850:
818:
807:
780:
753:
733:
704:
692:
680:
617:false miterwort
578:
501:sensu stricto,
495:
454:T. wherryi
449:T. nautila
436:T. nautila
380:perennial plant
358:
291:false miterwort
264:flowering plant
243:
231:
219:
207:
200:
199:
191:
176:
171:
165:
152:
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3349:
3339:
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3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3276:
3275:
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3272:
3268:wfo-0000459230
3259:
3249:
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3187:
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2876:
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2856:
2855:
2850:
2843:
2836:
2829:
2795:
2794:External links
2792:
2791:
2790:
2779:
2740:
2730:(6): 344–351.
2712:
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2257:
2219:
2207:
2173:
2141:
2112:
2080:
2047:
2015:
1982:
1931:
1901:
1899:, p. 349.
1889:
1874:
1837:
1818:Linnaeus, Carl
1809:
1790:Linnaeus, Carl
1781:
1769:
1731:
1729:, p. 675.
1714:
1702:
1661:
1649:
1619:
1586:
1574:
1544:
1537:
1517:
1471:
1430:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1362:F. M. Mooberry
1332:
1329:
1312:
1309:
1290:
1287:
1218:
1217:
1211:
1208:South Carolina
1205:
1182:North Carolina
1179:
1173:
1150:
1149:
1143:
1125:
1122:
1035:
1032:
966:
965:
964:
963:
953:
952:
951:
928:
918:
917:
916:
902:sensu stricto
894:
893:
892:
725:and var.
719:
718:
717:
716:
707:
695:
663:
662:
656:
650:
577:
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532:
531:
528:Flowering stem
525:
519:
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494:
493:Identification
491:
417:produce leafy
357:
354:
348:are valued in
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2837:
2834:
2831:Cox, Donald.
2830:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2812:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2807:
2801:
2786:
2780:
2769:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2750:
2748:
2745:"Taxonomy of
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2713:
2698:
2696:
2689:
2688:
2676:
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2274:
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2216:
2211:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2177:
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2158:
2153:
2145:
2130:
2126:
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2116:
2101:
2097:
2092:
2084:
2068:
2064:
2059:
2051:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2004:. NatureServe
2003:
1999:
1997:
1989:
1987:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1908:
1906:
1898:
1897:Lakela (1937)
1893:
1886:
1885:Lakela (1937)
1881:
1879:
1862:
1858:
1856:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1825:
1824:
1819:
1813:
1797:
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1548:
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1534:
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1529:
1521:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1478:
1476:
1460:
1456:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1437:
1435:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1383:
1381:
1376:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1353:
1349:
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1269:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:sensu stricto
1223:
1220:The range of
1215:
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1156:sensu stricto
1154:
1147:
1146:United States
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1040:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1017:
1011:
1009:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
982:
975:
971:
970:sensu stricto
959:
958:
954:
947:
943:
939:
938:
934:
933:
929:
924:
923:
919:
912:
908:
904:
903:
898:
895:
888:
884:
880:
879:
875:
874:
870:
869:
867:
864:
863:
862:
860:
856:
849:
845:
840:
837:
835:
831:
827:
822:
817:
813:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
779:
775:
770:
768:
763:
759:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
715:
711:
708:
703:
699:
696:
691:
687:
684:
683:
679:
676:
675:
674:
672:
668:
660:
657:
654:
651:
648:
647:
643:
642:
641:
639:
635:
634:infraspecific
631:
626:
624:
623:
618:
614:
610:
609:
604:
603:
598:
594:
590:
589:type specimen
586:
585:Carl Linnaeus
582:
573:
571:
570:
565:
561:
560:
554:
552:
551:
546:
545:
540:
537:
529:
526:
523:
520:
517:
514:
512:always absent
511:
508:
507:
506:
504:
500:
490:
488:
484:
480:
479:
474:
470:
465:
463:
462:sensu stricto
460:
456:
455:
450:
446:
442:
438:
437:
432:
431:
426:
425:
420:
416:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
370:
364:Inflorescence
362:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
321:
318:
314:
313:sensu stricto
311:
307:
303:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:Saxifragaceae
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
252:
235:
228:
223:
216:
211:
204:
203:
202:
201:
197:
194:
193:T. cordifolia
186:
183:
179:
175:
170:
168:
162:
159:
158:Binomial name
155:
151:
150:
145:
142:
141:
138:
137:
133:
130:
129:
126:
125:Saxifragaceae
123:
120:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:Tracheophytes
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
2871:
2846:
2839:
2832:
2819:
2805:
2797:
2773:30 September
2771:. Retrieved
2759:
2755:
2746:
2727:
2724:Amer. J. Bot
2723:
2716:
2704:. Retrieved
2694:
2685:Bibliography
2669:
2657:. Retrieved
2644:
2633:. Retrieved
2623:
2618:, p. 8.
2611:
2604:Nesom (2021)
2599:
2587:. Retrieved
2582:
2576:
2569:
2557:. Retrieved
2534:
2525:
2518:
2513:, p. 6.
2511:Nesom (2021)
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2484:
2475:
2468:
2456:. Retrieved
2451:
2447:
2438:
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2395:
2386:
2379:
2367:. Retrieved
2363:
2354:
2347:
2335:. Retrieved
2331:
2325:
2318:
2306:. Retrieved
2301:
2298:"Plant List"
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2276:
2267:
2260:
2248:. Retrieved
2238:
2229:
2222:
2215:Nesom (2021)
2210:
2198:. Retrieved
2188:
2184:
2176:
2164:. Retrieved
2160:
2151:
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2128:
2122:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2099:
2090:
2083:
2071:. Retrieved
2066:
2057:
2056:"Species of
2050:
2038:. Retrieved
2034:
2025:
2018:
2006:. Retrieved
2001:
1995:
1973:. Retrieved
1950:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1892:
1865:. Retrieved
1860:
1854:
1828:. Retrieved
1822:
1812:
1800:. Retrieved
1794:
1784:
1779:, p. 5.
1777:Nesom (2021)
1772:
1760:. Retrieved
1758:(6): 479–482
1755:
1751:
1745:
1712:, p. 8.
1710:Nesom (2021)
1705:
1685:. Retrieved
1679:
1672:
1664:
1659:, p. 7.
1652:
1640:. Retrieved
1635:
1629:
1622:
1610:. Retrieved
1605:
1599:
1582:Nesom (2021)
1577:
1565:. Retrieved
1560:
1554:
1547:
1527:
1520:
1502:
1495:
1462:. Retrieved
1452:
1443:
1421:. Retrieved
1398:
1389:
1357:
1356:
1352:groundcovers
1347:
1335:
1334:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1311:Conservation
1307:is lacking.
1293:
1292:
1282:
1276:
1272:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
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1189:
1185:
1181:
1175:
1170:
1166:
1152:
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1139:
1129:
1127:
1124:Distribution
1115:
1108:
1104:
1096:
1089:
1083:
1074:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1045:
1038:
1037:
1027:
1023:
1020:
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1000:
996:
992:
988:
984:
973:
967:
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910:
906:
896:
886:
882:
871:
865:
854:
847:
841:
838:
833:
829:
825:
823:
815:
811:
804:
800:
796:
792:
789:Edgar Wherry
784:
777:
771:
766:
761:
750:
742:
738:
737:
730:
726:
722:
720:
713:
709:
701:
697:
689:
685:
677:
670:
666:
664:
644:
640:are in use:
637:
629:
627:
620:
616:
612:
606:
600:
597:John Clayton
580:
579:
567:
563:
557:
555:
548:
542:
538:
535:
533:
527:
521:
516:Basal leaves
515:
509:
502:
498:
496:
486:
482:
476:
472:
468:
466:
458:
453:
448:
444:
440:
435:
429:
423:
414:
412:
388:basal leaves
368:
367:
350:horticulture
345:
333:
325:
324:
316:
309:
305:
301:
299:
294:
290:
286:
282:
274:
255:
250:
249:
248:
229:
217:
205:
192:
166:
164:
148:
147:
135:
115:Saxifragales
98:
85:
72:
24:
18:
3183:kew-2520956
3103:NatureServe
3015:iNaturalist
2896:Wikispecies
2756:Phytoneuron
2659:23 December
2496:14 November
2250:14 November
2067:GRIN-Global
1830:10 November
1802:10 November
1687:27 November
1642:19 November
1612:26 November
1567:25 November
1464:14 November
1331:Cultivation
1305:pollination
1281:overlap in
1064:macrophylla
868:sensu lato
747:Olga Lakela
356:Description
222:subaequalis
92:Angiosperms
3285:Categories
3252:WisFlora:
3178:Plant List
3033:30175905-2
2635:2012-10-16
2589:2 November
2559:14 October
2458:10 October
2420:24 October
2369:20 October
2364:Canadensys
2337:20 October
2308:20 October
2282:20 October
2200:14 October
2189:cordifolia
2187:var.
2166:14 October
2134:14 October
2105:14 October
2040:14 October
2008:14 October
1975:3 November
1867:14 October
1849:USDA, NRCS
1762:12 October
1752:Phytologia
1372:References
1297:sensu lato
1133:sensu lato
1107:var.
1093:sensu lato
1034:Other taxa
995:var.
944:var.
909:var.
885:var.
859:sensu lato
834:cordifolia
828:var.
814:var.
795:var.
774:segregated
765:var.
741:var.
714:cordifolia
712:var.
700:var.
688:var.
392:leaf blade
376:herbaceous
372:sensu lato
320:sensu lato
275:cordifolia
234:tridentata
2981:220013540
2887:Q11891603
2768:2153-733X
2706:5 October
2550:Libraries
2411:Libraries
2358:G.L.Nesom
2073:8 October
1966:Libraries
1423:7 October
1414:Libraries
1243:Alleghany
1186:Alleghany
1109:bracteata
1084:In 1917,
940:Synonym:
936:G.L.Nesom
926:G.L.Nesom
905:Synonym:
881:Synonym:
844:Guy Nesom
611:in 1753.
593:lectotype
402:, 5
342:Cultivars
225:Lakela
213:Wherry
143:Species:
62:Kingdom:
3291:Tiarella
3242:VASCAN:
3235:29100194
3230:Tropicos
3167:PalDat:
3108:2.160510
3046:11072718
2881:Wikidata
2817:(2005).
2762:: 1–61.
2747:Tiarella
2717:Tiarella
2326:Tiarella
2268:Tiarella
2230:Tiarella
2094:Linnaeus
2058:Tiarella
1916:Tiarella
1851:(n.d.).
1820:(1753).
1792:(1738).
1746:Tiarella
1348:Tiarella
1285:County.
1255:McDowell
1229:Tiarella
1214:Virginia
1204:, Yadkin
1198:McDowell
1176:Maryland
1053:Tiarella
997:austrina
887:austrina
785:austrina
767:austrina
762:austrina
743:austrina
723:austrina
690:austrina
671:Tiarella
576:Taxonomy
483:Tiarella
473:Tiarella
415:Tiarella
346:Tiarella
306:Tiarella
295:coolwort
283:Tiarella
182:Synonyms
136:Tiarella
121:Family:
105:Eudicots
3090:MoBotPF
2994:5371610
2448:Torreya
1364:of the
1301:syrphus
1289:Ecology
1283:Jackson
1171:Jackson
1167:Georgia
911:collina
816:collina
797:collina
772:Lakela
758:stolons
727:collina
702:collina
622:Mitella
419:stolons
408:stamens
384:rhizome
266:in the
260:species
258:, is a
237:Lakela
210:collina
131:Genus:
111:Order:
66:Plantae
3191:PLANTS
3160:738831
3147:123028
3134:369350
3095:286882
3059:117533
3007:431961
2955:583234
2929:121228
2911:ARKive
2766:
2548:&
2538:(IPNI)
2409:&
2399:(IPNI)
1964:&
1954:(IPNI)
1945:Lakela
1928:: 1–4.
1535:
1412:&
1402:(IPNI)
1259:Wilkes
1202:Wilkes
1140:Canada
1080:Michx.
1051:, not
1049:Michx.
1004:Lakela
961:Lakela
949:Lakela
946:typica
914:Wherry
890:Lakela
830:typica
819:Wherry
808:Lakela
781:Lakela
705:Wherry
693:Lakela
510:Stolon
404:petals
400:sepals
396:raceme
332:while
293:, and
268:family
254:, the
3222:18215
3072:24530
3041:IRMNG
3020:53789
2968:TIACO
2942:7BYQC
2752:(PDF)
2700:(PDF)
2653:(PDF)
2529:Farw.
2479:Small
2442:Small
2390:Small
2194:(PDF)
1251:Burke
1247:Avery
1194:Burke
1190:Avery
1112:Farw.
1101:bract
1071:Small
1042:Small
665:Both
374:is a
99:Clade
86:Clade
73:Clade
3255:5229
3245:9311
3204:POWO
3196:TICO
3129:NCBI
3082:2672
3067:ITIS
3028:IPNI
3002:GRIN
2989:GBIF
2963:EPPO
2924:BOLD
2775:2022
2764:ISSN
2708:2022
2661:2018
2591:2022
2561:2022
2498:2022
2460:2022
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2422:2022
2371:2022
2339:2022
2310:2022
2284:2022
2252:2022
2202:2022
2168:2022
2136:2022
2107:2022
2075:2022
2042:2022
2010:2022
1977:2022
1869:2022
1832:2022
1804:2022
1764:2022
1689:2022
1644:2022
1614:2022
1569:2022
1533:ISBN
1466:2022
1425:2022
1275:and
1265:and
1235:and
1026:and
279:taxa
208:var.
196:s.s.
3263:WFO
3217:RHS
3116:NBN
3054:ISC
2976:FNA
2950:EoL
2937:CoL
2732:doi
1342:'s
972:),
547:or
536:not
503:all
457:).
344:of
281:of
262:of
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