1841:
1856:
40:
67:
267:
256:
997:: Connecticut, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Québec, Rhode Island, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia, Wisconsin
388:. Inflorescence a raceme (branches usually with 1 flower), axis usually single but sometimes branched; petals absent or else present and oblanceolate to elliptic; styles 1 mm or less long; leaves simple; Asia or eastern North America
242:
means "little turban", which suggests the shape of the seed capsules. Worldwide there are seven species, one each in eastern Asia and western North
America, plus five species in eastern North America. As of October 2022, the taxonomy of
1085:
is an Asian species, ranging from the eastern
Himalayas to China, east Asia, and southeast Asia. In China, it is found in moist forests and shady wet places at altitudes from 1,000 to 3,800 meters (3,300 to 12,500 ft).
371:. Inflorescence a narrow panicle or thyrse (branches with 2–5 flowers), usually with a single axis; petals linear to subulate; styles 2–3 mm long; leaves simple to trifoliolate; western North America
1789:). It is frequent to common throughout most of its wide distribution but becomes rare at the edges of its range, in Wisconsin and the western Upper Peninsula of Michigan, Nova Scotia, New Jersey, and Mississippi.
3512:
921:
The treatment in the first source is near-universally accepted, the second is widely recognized, while the third is new and growing in acceptance. A few authorities (with global scope) accept all three.
476:. Leaves usually with acute-acuminate lobes, terminal lobe prominently extended; flowering stem usually with 1–2 leaves or foliaceous bracts; sepals 1.5–2 mm long
1369:
is wide ranging, from northeastern
Wisconsin across southeastern Canada to Nova Scotia, extending southward through the Appalachians into Alabama and Mississippi. The range of
457:. Leaves usually with obtuse to rounded lobes, terminal lobe not prominently extended; flowering stem very rarely with a small bract; sepals 2.5–3.5 mm long
1840:
684:
is inconsistent with the dichotomy, but perhaps also because there are taxa with leafy flowering stems in both western and eastern North
America.
3908:
3947:
2750:
531:. Leaves usually longer than wide, usually with acute-acuminate lobes, terminal lobe prominently extended; sepals 1.5–2 mm long
1855:
512:. Leaves usually about as long as wide, usually with obtuse to rounded lobes, terminal lobe not extended; sepals 2.5–3 mm long
3973:
3856:
3921:
3869:
2578:
2319:
2238:
3178:
2061:
618:
in 1825. Together these three species form the taxonomic backbone of the genus. In 1840, in the first critical treatment of
4065:
3926:
2686:
2938:
2224:
2173:
2122:
1912:
3684:
3136:
2656:
3952:
653:
649:
3895:
2920:
2206:
2155:
2104:
1894:
1377:
931:
3991:
3639:
3612:
3209:
680:
highlighted the section names in 1937, but they have since fallen out of favor with botanists, mainly because
4055:
3934:
53:
2556:
3024:
2410:
2374:
1100:
ranges from
California northward to Alaska, and eastward to Montana. Within this region, the varieties of
3783:
3778:
3042:
2930:
2428:
2390:
2216:
2165:
2114:
2036:
2000:
1904:
1798:
3848:
3835:
3703:
2020:
1982:
3986:
3115:
3110:
2972:
2967:
2958:
2926:
2632:
2627:
2459:
2454:
2212:
2161:
2110:
1957:
1952:
1900:
935:
3874:
3414:
3038:
2424:
2386:
2251:
2032:
1996:
1755:
66:
2295:
3589:
3456:
3375:
3298:
3323:
3242:
3978:
3843:
2323:
892:
2582:
4050:
3830:
3731:
3268:
904:
3913:
3056:
2993:
4060:
3542:
3526:
3476:
1802:
1747:
3965:
39:
3804:
1393:
990:
677:
462:
334:
294:
20:
8:
1407:
1096:
1081:
1001:
979:
954:
517:
409:
375:
170:
4022:
3769:
3436:
3366:
2718:
2524:
696:
184:
61:
3960:
3791:
3517:
3499:
3394:
3037:. Vol. 8. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
2795:
2423:. Vol. 8. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
2057:
1995:. Vol. 8. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
1429:
943:
481:
3566:
3440:
3032:
2418:
1990:
4027:
3796:
3426:
3362:
2883:
2492:
1423:
1417:
1049:
1043:: Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington
1030:: Alaska, Alberta, British Columbia, California, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington
968:
572:
553:
286:
232:
3507:
2934:
2851:
2220:
2169:
2118:
2051:
1908:
938:(POWO). As of October 2022, POWO accepts 7 species and 3 infraspecies:
337:
and southward have relatively large basal leaves with an extended terminal lobe (
282:
228:
104:
4014:
3939:
3098:
1940:
3754:
3513:
Wild
Flowers: An Aid to Knowledge of our Wild Flowers and their Insect Visitors
2821:
310:
91:
2615:
2442:
4044:
3398:
2776:
2291:
1411:
sensu stricto occurs in just five (5) states, all of which have at least two
1373:
961:
588:
235:
176:
154:
137:
50:
4004:
914:
353:
306:
266:
255:
162:
127:
3664:
3480:. University of North Carolina Herbarium, North Carolina Botanical Garden.
1758:
but botanists believe it was introduced. That population is claimed to be
986:: Assam, China, East Himalaya, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Nepal, Taiwan, Tibet
3882:
3763:
3493:
1797:
Many hybrids are known and cultivated. The following have been given the
623:
691:). In North America, there have been numerous major treatments of genus
3861:
3065:
State-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
3002:
State-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
1366:
645:
3159:
695:, with taxonomies recognizing from two to six species, some including
3887:
3817:
3431:
615:
3900:
3725:
2092:
1882:
1387:
occurs in each of 26 provinces and states. Multiple species of
3999:
3748:
3079:
2915:
670:
627:
117:
3822:
2194:
2143:
673:; petals oblong with a small claw or stalk; eastern North America.
1068:
is native to Asia and North
America. It has been introduced into
599:
290:
934:, except where noted. The geographical locations are taken from
3415:"The genera of Saxifragaceae in the southeastern United States"
3049:
2986:
1380:
from
Maryland through Virginia and the Carolinas into Georgia.
1069:
302:
3809:
3473:
2782:
2762:
E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia
309:; and 3) presence or absence of stem leaves (also called
964:: Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia
950:: Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee
592:
224:
78:
2272:
884:
Currently accepted taxonomies are based on three sources:
2243:
2241:
2056:(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 379.
548:. Flowering stem usually with leaves or foliaceous bracts
3324:"Conservation Assessment for Heart-leaved Foam-flower (
3031:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
2651:
2649:
2417:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
1989:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
2593:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
2334:. Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team
644:: flowering stem leafy with alternate leaves; flowers
2262:
2260:
1397:
occurs in 22 provinces and states, it being the
16:
Genus of flowering plants in the family Saxifragaceae
3129:
2646:
2353:
2351:
2349:
2075:
2073:
1056:: Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, Tennessee
567:. Flowering stem without leaves or foliaceous bracts
2300:. Stockholm: Impensis Laurentii Salvii. p. 405
1433:overlap in Tennessee, North Carolina, and Georgia.
3475:
3474:Weakley, Alan S.; Southeastern Flora Team (2022).
3321:
3165:
3085:
2473:
2257:
930:All names used in this section are taken from the
687:In Asia, the genus is represented by one species (
352:The following identification key was published by
2549:
2346:
2070:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
4042:
3506:
2814:
2610:
2608:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2368:
2366:
3346:Lakela, Olga (1937). "A monograph of the genus
3322:Fields, Douglas; Brzeskiewicz, Marjory (2002).
3091:
3461:. New York: Wiley & Putnam. pp. 1–711
3067:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
3004:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014
2711:
2698:Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
2517:
2085:
1926:
1875:
440:. Plants always with herbaceous, leafy stolons
3518:Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
3500:Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
3016:
2605:
2435:
2397:
2363:
2284:
3034:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
2844:
2783:Weakley & Southeastern Flora Team (2022)
2420:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
2187:
2136:
2043:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1992:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
1976:
1974:
1778:). Each variety is globally secure as well.
325:) while two other species have stem leaves (
2951:
2908:
3454:
2743:
2679:
2577:
2318:
2312:
2247:
495:. Plants without herbaceous, leafy stolons
38:
3682:
3477:"Flora of the southeastern United States"
3430:
3412:
3299:"Virginian botanizing under restrictions"
2876:
2571:
2485:
2372:
2278:
2018:
2007:
1971:
913:and related taxa in a paper published by
3637:
3491:
2290:
2049:
1357:
1089:
301:species: 1) presence or absence of
265:
254:
3296:
2788:
2385:. Vol. 8 – via eFloras.org,
2031:. Vol. 8 – via eFloras.org,
423:. Petals present; eastern North America
4043:
3345:
2559:. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh. 2012
2266:
1020:: British Columbia, Oregon, Washington
3730:
3729:
3524:
3458:Flora of North America, Volume 1
3373:
3333:. USDA Forest Service, Eastern Region
2802:. North Carolina Biodiversity Project
2591:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
2479:
2357:
2332:The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov)
2079:
1405:in 17 of those provinces and states.
247:in eastern North America is in flux.
3575:Native American Ethnobotany Database
975:: Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee
925:
3624:Digital Atlas of the Virginia Flora
3551:Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
3380:(Saxifragaceae) in the eastern USA"
3022:
2939:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2408:
2225:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2174:Australian National Botanic Gardens
2123:Australian National Botanic Gardens
1980:
1913:Australian National Botanic Gardens
13:
3992:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30002940-2
3683:Honeycutt, Ellen (March 6, 2022).
3525:Nesom, Guy L. (January 31, 2022).
3367:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1937.tb09109.x
14:
4077:
3662:
3529:. North Carolina Botanical Garden
3485:
2800:Vascular Plants of North Carolina
2373:Jintang, Pan; Soltis, Douglas E.
2019:Jintang, Pan; Soltis, Douglas E.
297:features are used to distinguish
3640:"Tiptoeing Through the Tiarella"
3455:Torrey, John; Gray, Asa (1840).
3166:Fields & Brzeskiewicz (2002)
3086:Fields & Brzeskiewicz (2002)
1854:
1839:
669:: flowering stem naked; flowers
65:
3638:Chadwick, Pat (February 2017).
3553:. University of Texas at Austin
3419:Journal of the Arnold Arboretum
3290:
3261:
3235:
3202:
3171:
2921:International Plant Names Index
2557:"Flora of Nepal: Saxifragaceae"
2207:International Plant Names Index
2156:International Plant Names Index
2105:International Plant Names Index
1895:International Plant Names Index
1785:sensu lato is globally secure (
1765:
1378:East Coast of the United States
1060:
932:International Plant Names Index
3598:Tennessee-Kentucky Plant Atlas
3413:Spongberg, Stephen A. (1972).
1792:
250:
1:
1869:
19:For the gastropod genus, see
3685:"Foamflower Species Changes"
2832:. University of West Alabama
1376:is narrowly confined to the
630:described two new sections:
333:). Plants from the southern
305:; 2) size and shape of
7:
4066:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3689:Using Georgia Native Plants
3527:"New Species of Foamflower"
3043:Harvard University Herbaria
2931:Harvard University Herbaria
2429:Harvard University Herbaria
2391:Harvard University Herbaria
2217:Harvard University Herbaria
2166:Harvard University Herbaria
2115:Harvard University Herbaria
2037:Harvard University Herbaria
2001:Harvard University Herbaria
1905:Harvard University Herbaria
1799:Royal Horticultural Society
1762:, but evidence is lacking.
1391:occur in eight (8) states.
582:
10:
4082:
3644:The Garden Shed Newsletter
3116:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
3111:Plants of the World Online
2973:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2968:Plants of the World Online
2927:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2633:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2628:Plants of the World Online
2460:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2455:Plants of the World Online
2213:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2162:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2111:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1958:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1953:Plants of the World Online
1901:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
1781:In eastern North America,
1770:In western North America,
1362:In eastern North America,
1094:In western North America,
936:Plants of the World Online
587:In 1753, Swedish botanist
18:
3738:
3495:Gardening for the Million
3039:Missouri Botanical Garden
2425:Missouri Botanical Garden
2387:Missouri Botanical Garden
2033:Missouri Botanical Garden
1997:Missouri Botanical Garden
1756:Stearns County, Minnesota
1104:have overlapping ranges.
722:
706:
704:
361:
190:
183:
168:
161:
62:Scientific classification
60:
46:
37:
30:
2248:Torrey & Gray (1840)
2050:Gledhill, David (2008).
1383:At least one species of
782:Torrey & Gray 1840.
642:Nutt. apud Torr. et Gray
3297:Fernald, M. L. (1943).
2916:"Search for 'Tiarella'"
1415:species. The ranges of
1075:
656:; western North America
3374:Nesom, Guy L. (2021).
3041:, St. Louis, MO &
2730:The World Flora Online
2536:The World Flora Online
2427:, St. Louis, MO &
2389:, St. Louis, MO &
2035:, St. Louis, MO &
1999:, St. Louis, MO &
905:Flora of North America
274:
273:flowers (23 June)
263:
3023:Jog, Suneeti (2009).
2409:Jog, Suneeti (2009).
1981:Jog, Suneeti (2009).
1803:Award of Garden Merit
1358:Eastern North America
1090:Western North America
404:. Petals absent; Asia
269:
258:
4056:Saxifragaceae genera
3704:"An introduction to
3168:, pp. 4, 13–15.
3145:NatureServe Explorer
3101:Tiarella stolonifera
2854:Tiarella stolonifera
2665:NatureServe Explorer
1774:is globally secure (
1394:Tiarella stolonifera
991:Tiarella stolonifera
902:and related taxa in
335:Blue Ridge Mountains
289:with short, slender
262:habit (23 June)
56:USA (21 April)
21:Tiarella (gastropod)
3615:Tiarella cordifolia
3592:Tiarella cordifolia
3545:Tiarella cordifolia
3353:in North America".
3326:Tiarella cordifolia
3245:Tiarella cordifolia
3139:Tiarella cordifolia
3059:Tiarella cordifolia
3027:Tiarella cordifolia
2996:Tiarella trifoliata
2830:Alabama Plant Atlas
2753:Tiarella trifoliata
2721:Tiarella trifoliata
2689:Tiarella trifoliata
2659:Tiarella trifoliata
2618:Tiarella trifoliata
2585:Tiarella trifoliata
2527:Tiarella polyphylla
2495:Tiarella polyphylla
2445:Tiarella polyphylla
2413:Tiarella trifoliata
2377:Tiarella polyphylla
2197:Tiarella polyphylla
2146:Tiarella trifoliata
2095:Tiarella cordifolia
2053:The Names of Plants
1827:Tiarella cordifolia
1783:Tiarella cordifolia
1772:Tiarella trifoliata
1760:T. stolonifera
1740:T. stolonifera
1731:T. stolonifera
1722:T. stolonifera
1709:T. stolonifera
1696:T. stolonifera
1666:T. stolonifera
1657:T. stolonifera
1648:T. stolonifera
1639:T. stolonifera
1618:T. stolonifera
1609:T. stolonifera
1600:T. stolonifera
1582:T. stolonifera
1573:T. stolonifera
1564:T. stolonifera
1551:T. stolonifera
1538:T. stolonifera
1508:T. stolonifera
1476:T. stolonifera
1467:T. stolonifera
1458:T. stolonifera
1449:T. stolonifera
1408:Tiarella cordifolia
1371:Tiarella cordifolia
1364:Tiarella cordifolia
1097:Tiarella trifoliata
1082:Tiarella polyphylla
1034:Tiarella trifoliata
1024:Tiarella trifoliata
1011:Tiarella trifoliata
1002:Tiarella trifoliata
980:Tiarella polyphylla
955:Tiarella cordifolia
911:Tiarella cordifolia
900:Tiarella trifoliata
889:Tiarella polyphylla
724:Tiarella cordifolia
708:Tiarella trifoliata
689:Tiarella polyphylla
682:Tiarella polyphylla
614:, was described by
612:Tiarella polyphylla
610:. A third species,
608:Tiarella trifoliata
604:Tiarella cordifolia
598:by recognizing two
464:T. stolonifera
362:Identification Key
323:T. stolonifera
271:Tiarella trifoliata
260:Tiarella trifoliata
238:. The generic name
171:Tiarella cordifolia
48:Tiarella cordifolia
1718:T. cordifolia
1679:T. cordifolia
1631:T. cordifolia
1560:T. cordifolia
1521:T. cordifolia
1102:T. trifoliata
948:(Lakela) G.L.Nesom
697:infraspecific taxa
519:T. cordifolia
411:T. polyphylla
377:T. trifoliata
313:). Two species of
275:
264:
4038:
4037:
3961:Open Tree of Life
3732:Taxon identifiers
3712:The Primrose Path
3492:Pink, A. (2004).
3088:, pp. 12–13.
2895:Catalogue of Life
2504:Catalogue of Life
2297:Species Plantarum
2281:, pp. 431–2.
2063:978-0-521-86645-3
1823:'Spring Symphony'
1430:Tiarella austrina
944:Tiarella austrina
926:Infrageneric taxa
882:
881:
580:
579:
287:herbaceous plants
212:
211:
206:
198:
157:
54:Orange County, NC
4073:
4031:
4030:
4018:
4017:
4008:
4007:
3995:
3994:
3982:
3981:
3969:
3968:
3956:
3955:
3943:
3942:
3940:NHMSYS0000464450
3930:
3929:
3917:
3916:
3904:
3903:
3891:
3890:
3878:
3877:
3865:
3864:
3852:
3851:
3839:
3838:
3826:
3825:
3813:
3812:
3800:
3799:
3787:
3786:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3759:
3758:
3757:
3727:
3726:
3722:
3720:
3718:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3663:Perry, Leonard.
3659:
3657:
3655:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3619:
3608:
3606:
3604:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3521:
3508:Blanchan, Neltje
3503:
3481:
3479:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3434:
3432:10.5962/p.324705
3409:
3407:
3405:
3384:
3370:
3352:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3332:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3271:Tiarella wherryi
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3239:
3233:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3214:'Spring Symphony
3206:
3200:
3199:
3197:
3195:
3187:
3175:
3169:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3152:
3133:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3105:
3095:
3089:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3045:, Cambridge, MA.
3020:
3014:
3013:
3011:
3009:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2945:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2890:
2880:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2858:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2792:
2786:
2780:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2757:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2725:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2693:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2653:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2622:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2575:
2569:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2553:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2531:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2499:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2466:
2449:
2439:
2433:
2432:
2431:, Cambridge, MA.
2406:
2395:
2394:
2393:, Cambridge, MA.
2370:
2361:
2355:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2339:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2305:
2288:
2282:
2279:Spongberg (1972)
2276:
2270:
2264:
2255:
2245:
2236:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2201:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2150:
2140:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2099:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2039:, Cambridge, MA.
2016:
2005:
2004:
2003:, Cambridge, MA.
1978:
1969:
1968:
1966:
1964:
1947:
1937:
1924:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1889:
1879:
1858:
1849:'Cygnet' flowers
1843:
1832:Tiarella wherryi
1816:
1688:T. austrina
1675:T. austrina
1627:T. austrina
1517:T. austrina
1495:T. austrina
1424:Tiarella wherryi
1418:Tiarella nautila
1352:
1342:
1332:
1317:
1307:
1297:
1282:
1272:
1257:
1247:
1232:
1222:
1207:
1197:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1141:British Columbia
1137:
1127:
1055:
1050:Tiarella wherryi
1042:
1019:
1018:(Hook.) Wheelock
1007:
996:
985:
974:
969:Tiarella nautila
960:
949:
726:and related taxa
710:and related taxa
702:
701:
668:
643:
622:since Linnaeus,
483:T. austrina
359:
358:
339:T. austrina
331:T. austrina
319:T. austrina
277:Plants of genus
229:flowering plants
204:
196:
153:
70:
69:
42:
28:
27:
4081:
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4076:
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2963:search results"
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1938:
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1876:
1872:
1865:
1864:'Cygnet' leaves
1859:
1850:
1844:
1812:
1795:
1768:
1744:
1700:T. wherryi
1692:T. nautila
1635:T. nautila
1591:T. wherryi
1542:T. wherryi
1529:T. wherryi
1525:T. nautila
1499:T. wherryi
1480:
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1344:
1334:
1324:
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1289:
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1078:
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1040:
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1005:
994:
983:
972:
958:
947:
928:
763:Linnaeus 1753.
727:
711:
666:
641:
585:
574:T. wherryi
569:
568:
555:T. nautila
550:
549:
533:
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514:
513:
497:
496:
478:
477:
459:
458:
442:
441:
425:
424:
406:
405:
389:
372:
347:T. wherryi
343:T. nautila
327:T. nautila
253:
179:
174:
152:
64:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4079:
4069:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4028:wfo-4000038385
4019:
4009:
3996:
3983:
3970:
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3892:
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3486:External links
3484:
3483:
3482:
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3425:(4): 409–498.
3410:
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3361:(6): 344–351.
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2787:
2785:, p. 675.
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2434:
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2292:Linnaeus, Carl
2283:
2271:
2256:
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4049:
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4024:
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4016:
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3997:
3993:
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831:
828:
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822:
821:
817:
814:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:Lakela 1937.
800:
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694:
690:
685:
683:
679:
672:
667:Torr. et Gray
665:
661:
658:
655:
651:
647:
640:
636:
633:
632:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
594:
590:
589:Carl Linnaeus
576:
575:
571:
566:
561:
560:
557:
556:
552:
547:
542:
541:
538:
535:
530:
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520:
516:
511:
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494:
489:
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344:
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332:
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308:
304:
300:
296:
295:morphological
292:
288:
284:
280:
272:
268:
261:
257:
248:
246:
241:
237:
236:Saxifragaceae
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
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186:
182:
178:
173:
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143:
142:
139:
138:Saxifragaceae
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
92:Tracheophytes
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
68:
63:
59:
55:
52:
51:sensu stricto
49:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
26:
22:
4061:Groundcovers
3739:
3715:. Retrieved
3711:
3705:
3692:. Retrieved
3688:
3672:. Retrieved
3666:
3652:. Retrieved
3647:
3643:
3627:. Retrieved
3623:
3614:
3601:. Retrieved
3597:
3591:
3578:. Retrieved
3574:
3568:
3555:. Retrieved
3550:
3544:
3531:. Retrieved
3511:
3494:
3463:. Retrieved
3457:
3444:. Retrieved
3422:
3418:
3404:30 September
3402:. Retrieved
3390:
3386:
3377:
3358:
3355:Amer. J. Bot
3354:
3347:
3335:. Retrieved
3325:
3311:. Retrieved
3306:
3302:
3291:Bibliography
3277:. Retrieved
3270:
3263:
3251:. Retrieved
3244:
3237:
3231:
3222:. Retrieved
3219:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3192:. Retrieved
3184:
3180:
3173:
3161:
3149:. Retrieved
3144:
3138:
3131:
3119:. Retrieved
3109:
3100:
3093:
3081:
3069:. Retrieved
3064:
3058:
3051:
3033:
3026:
3018:
3006:. Retrieved
3001:
2995:
2988:
2976:. Retrieved
2966:
2960:
2953:
2942:. Retrieved
2919:
2910:
2898:. Retrieved
2894:
2885:
2878:
2866:. Retrieved
2862:
2853:
2846:
2834:. Retrieved
2829:
2823:
2816:
2804:. Retrieved
2799:
2796:"Plant List"
2790:
2778:
2766:. Retrieved
2761:
2752:
2745:
2733:. Retrieved
2729:
2720:
2713:
2701:. Retrieved
2697:
2688:
2681:
2669:. Retrieved
2664:
2658:
2636:. Retrieved
2626:
2617:
2595:. Retrieved
2590:
2584:
2573:
2561:. Retrieved
2551:
2539:. Retrieved
2535:
2526:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:
2494:
2487:
2482:, p. 2.
2480:Nesom (2021)
2475:
2463:. Retrieved
2453:
2444:
2437:
2419:
2412:
2382:
2376:
2358:Nesom (2021)
2336:. Retrieved
2331:
2325:
2314:
2302:. Retrieved
2296:
2286:
2274:
2228:. Retrieved
2205:
2196:
2189:
2177:. Retrieved
2154:
2145:
2138:
2126:. Retrieved
2103:
2094:
2087:
2082:, p. 8.
2080:Nesom (2021)
2052:
2045:
2028:
2022:
1991:
1984:
1961:. Retrieved
1951:
1942:
1916:. Retrieved
1893:
1884:
1877:
1861:
1846:
1831:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1809:
1796:
1786:
1782:
1780:
1775:
1771:
1769:
1766:Conservation
1759:
1751:
1745:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1704:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:Rhode Island
1661:
1656:
1653:Pennsylvania
1652:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1595:
1590:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1482:
1481:
1475:
1471:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1382:
1370:
1363:
1361:
1349:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1329:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1310:
1304:
1300:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1250:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1190:
1185:
1177:
1176:
1169:
1165:
1159:
1155:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1134:
1130:
1124:
1120:
1115:
1107:
1106:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1080:
1079:
1065:
1064:
1061:Distribution
1048:
1037:
1033:
1027:
1023:
1014:
1010:
1000:
989:
978:
967:
953:
942:
929:
920:
910:
903:
899:
893:
888:
883:
864:Nesom 2021.
733:
729:
723:
717:
713:
707:
692:
688:
686:
681:
676:
663:
659:
638:
634:
619:
611:
607:
603:
595:
591:established
586:
573:
564:
554:
545:
536:
528:
518:
509:
500:
492:
482:
473:
463:
454:
445:
437:
428:
420:
410:
401:
392:
385:
376:
368:
351:
346:
342:
338:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
307:basal leaves
298:
278:
276:
270:
259:
244:
239:
220:
215:
214:
213:
202:Petalosteira
201:
193:
169:
163:Type species
148:
147:
128:Saxifragales
111:
98:
85:
47:
31:
25:
3883:iNaturalist
3764:Wikispecies
3674:16 November
3446:16 November
3387:Phytoneuron
3188:= 'Gowing'"
3185:Angel Wings
3121:14 November
2638:14 November
2465:14 November
2304:10 November
2250:, pp.
1963:14 November
1814:Angel Wings
1793:Cultivation
1587:Mississippi
1504:Connecticut
1454:Nova Scotia
1401:species of
843:USDA 2014.
732:sect.
716:sect.
678:Olga Lakela
662:sect.
637:sect.
624:John Torrey
251:Description
221:foamflowers
105:Angiosperms
4045:Categories
3901:30002940-2
3717:22 January
3654:2 November
3629:14 October
3603:14 October
3580:14 October
3557:14 October
3465:25 October
3337:10 October
3313:10 October
3151:14 October
3071:11 October
3008:11 October
2978:31 October
2944:2019-07-21
2900:20 October
2868:20 October
2863:Canadensys
2836:20 October
2806:20 October
2597:8 November
2579:USDA, NRCS
2563:26 October
2541:26 October
2509:26 October
2338:8 November
2320:USDA, NRCS
1918:21 October
1870:References
1817:= 'Gowing'
1754:occurs in
1605:New Jersey
1367:sensu lato
1350:unifoliata
1340:trifoliata
1321:Washington
1315:unifoliata
1305:trifoliata
1280:unifoliata
1270:trifoliata
1255:unifoliata
1245:trifoliata
1230:unifoliata
1220:trifoliata
1211:California
1205:unifoliata
1195:trifoliata
1170:unifoliata
1160:trifoliata
1135:unifoliata
1125:trifoliata
1038:unifoliata
1036:var.
1028:trifoliata
1026:var.
1013:var.
823:Jog 2009.
755:Varieties
746:Varieties
734:Eutiarella
664:Eutiarella
646:paniculate
3694:8 January
3533:8 October
3399:2153-733X
3309:: 445–449
3104:G.L.Nesom
2935:Libraries
2857:G.L.Nesom
2768:9 October
2735:9 October
2703:7 October
2671:7 October
2230:7 October
2221:Libraries
2179:7 October
2170:Libraries
2128:7 October
2119:Libraries
1909:Libraries
1736:Wisconsin
1684:Tennessee
1330:laciniata
1295:laciniata
1150:laciniata
1015:laciniata
995:G.L.Nesom
973:G.L.Nesom
915:Guy Nesom
718:Anthonema
648:; petals
639:Anthonema
616:David Don
356:in 2021:
354:Guy Nesom
283:perennial
75:Kingdom:
4012:VASCAN:
4005:40014386
4000:Tropicos
3770:Tiarella
3755:Q1456298
3749:Wikidata
3740:Tiarella
3706:Tiarella
3667:Tiarella
3569:Tiarella
3510:(2002).
3441:88839907
3393:: 1–61.
3378:Tiarella
3348:Tiarella
3212:Tiarella
3181:Tiarella
2961:Tiarella
2886:Tiarella
2824:Tiarella
2581:(n.d.).
2326:Tiarella
2322:(n.d.).
2294:(1753).
2023:Tiarella
1985:Tiarella
1943:Tiarella
1885:Tiarella
1862:Tiarella
1847:Tiarella
1821:Tiarella
1810:Tiarella
1752:Tiarella
1748:disjunct
1714:Virginia
1614:New York
1578:Michigan
1556:Maryland
1534:Kentucky
1413:Tiarella
1403:Tiarella
1389:Tiarella
1385:Tiarella
1066:Tiarella
752:Species
743:Species
730:Tiarella
714:Tiarella
693:Tiarella
671:racemose
660:Tiarella
654:subulate
650:filiform
635:Tiarella
628:Asa Gray
620:Tiarella
596:Tiarella
583:Taxonomy
315:Tiarella
299:Tiarella
293:. Three
291:rhizomes
279:Tiarella
245:Tiarella
240:Tiarella
216:Tiarella
197:Neck.
185:Synonyms
149:Tiarella
134:Family:
118:Eudicots
32:Tiarella
3914:1323754
3862:3032599
3303:Rhodora
3279:5 March
3253:5 March
3224:5 March
3194:5 March
2252:587–588
1705:Vermont
1513:Georgia
1491:Alabama
1463:Ontario
1261:Montana
1116:Alberta
917:in 2021
600:species
303:stolons
231:in the
223:, is a
194:Blondia
144:Genus:
124:Order:
79:Plantae
3974:PLANTS
3966:890082
3849:132985
3836:132985
3784:121227
3439:
3397:
2933:&
2923:(IPNI)
2764:. 2020
2219:&
2209:(IPNI)
2168:&
2158:(IPNI)
2117:&
2107:(IPNI)
2060:
1907:&
1897:(IPNI)
1472:Québec
1437:Canada
1427:, and
1286:Oregon
1186:Alaska
1108:Canada
1070:Norway
1054:Lakela
758:Forms
749:Forms
233:family
219:, the
3979:TIARE
3953:40787
3927:24529
3909:IRMNG
3888:51644
3875:12139
3823:1TIAG
3810:71236
3797:648DW
3437:S2CID
3383:(PDF)
3331:(PDF)
3275:. RHS
3249:. RHS
3220:. RHS
3190:. RHS
2530:D.Don
2498:D.Don
2448:D.Don
2200:D.Don
1547:Maine
1348:var.
1346:T. t.
1338:var.
1336:T. t.
1328:var.
1326:T. t.
1313:var.
1311:T. t.
1303:var.
1301:T. t.
1293:var.
1291:T. t.
1278:var.
1276:T. t.
1268:var.
1266:T. t.
1253:var.
1251:T. t.
1243:var.
1241:T. t.
1236:Idaho
1228:var.
1226:T. t.
1218:var.
1216:T. t.
1203:var.
1201:T. t.
1193:var.
1191:T. t.
1168:var.
1166:T. t.
1158:var.
1156:T. t.
1148:var.
1146:T. t.
1133:var.
1131:T. t.
1123:var.
1121:T. t.
984:D.Don
593:genus
225:genus
205:Raf.
112:Clade
99:Clade
86:Clade
4015:1760
3987:POWO
3948:NCBI
3922:ITIS
3896:IPNI
3870:GRIN
3857:GBIF
3818:EPPO
3779:BOLD
3719:2023
3696:2023
3676:2022
3656:2022
3631:2022
3605:2022
3582:2022
3559:2022
3535:2022
3467:2022
3448:2022
3406:2022
3395:ISSN
3339:2022
3315:2022
3281:2021
3255:2021
3226:2021
3196:2021
3153:2022
3123:2022
3073:2022
3010:2022
2980:2022
2902:2022
2870:2022
2838:2022
2808:2022
2770:2022
2737:2022
2705:2022
2673:2022
2640:2022
2599:2022
2565:2022
2543:2022
2511:2022
2467:2022
2340:2022
2306:2022
2232:2022
2181:2022
2130:2022
2058:ISBN
1965:2022
1920:2022
1644:Ohio
1399:only
1076:Asia
626:and
606:and
281:are
4023:WFO
3935:NBN
3844:FoC
3831:FNA
3805:EoL
3792:CoL
3650:(2)
3427:doi
3363:doi
1801:'s
891:in
652:or
349:).
227:of
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
