544:
incentivizing recruited professors to improperly transfer of resources to their concurrent workplace in China, the biggest challenges had less to do with national security than to "increasingly outdated and misguided immigration policies common among developed democracies." According to Moore, the high number of participants in the program with a specialization in the life sciences prompted US policymakers to view the TTP as signaling by
Beijing of its intention to “mount a full-spectrum challenge to US leadership in the biotechnology sector”, with one US policymaker saying the TPP helped build China's talent pipeline for the sector.
33:
329:
international competitiveness in science and innovation. International experts in the latter category are typically winners of major prizes such as the Nobel Prize and the Fields Medal, and are expected first to have made internationally renowned contributions to a field of technological importance to China, and secondly to hold either a tenured position at one of the world's top universities or a senior role in an internationally important research organization.
372:
enable individuals of extraordinary ability to gain access to
Chinese immigration visas, including "long-stay visas." The program provides a one-time bonus of 1 million RMB to select individuals, substantial resources for research and academic exchange, and assistance with housing and transportation costs. Thousand Talents scholars are eligible for high levels of Chinese government funding.
520:(NIH) completed a yearlong investigation into research violations. Among other issues, it noticed after going over published papers that scores of researchers revealed their affiliation with or funding from institutions in China but had failed to report those ties to their home institution or the NIH.
547:
Academics Dongbo Shi, Weichen Liu, and Yanbo Wang conducted an analysis of Young
Thousand Talent program participants, and concluded "that China’s YTT program has been successful in recruiting and nurturing high-caliber scientists and that YTT scientists outperform their overseas peers in post-return
507:
held an open hearing on the China's Talent
Recruitment Plans, including the TTP, and called the programs a threat to national security. The report from the hearing cited TTP contracts as violating research values, TTP members willfully failing to disclose their membership to their home institutions,
328:
The
Thousand Talents program primarily targets Chinese citizens who were educated in elite programs overseas and who have been successful as entrepreneurs, professionals, and researchers. The program also recognizes a small number of elite foreign-born experts with skills that are critical to China's
398:
resigned following scrutiny into their links with the TTP. Individuals who receive either of China's two top academic awards, the
Thousand Talents Professorship and the Changjiang (Yangtze River) Scholar award, have become targets for recruitment by China's wealthiest universities so frequently that
471:
declaring an underlying motivation of the program to be “to facilitate the legal and illicit transfer of US technology, intellectual property and know-how” to China. US and
Canadian authorities have asserted that China intends to use scientists who are involved with this plan to gain access to new
407:
Evaluations of the program's efficacy and impact have been mixed. Although the program has successfully attracted top international talent to China, its efficacy in retaining these talented individuals has been questioned, with many of the most talented scientists willing to spend short periods in
371:
The program confers the prestigious title of "Thousand
Talents Plan Distinguished Professor" (千人计划特聘教授) or "Junior Thousand Talents Plan Professor" upon the selected individuals, and provides benefits including this prestigious title, high pay, and visa privileges. The program is the first ever to
284:
Many
Chinese students often go abroad for advanced studies and the vast majority of whom decide to remain abroad after their studies. To reverse this trend and to build the size and prestige of China's university system, the central government of China recognized the need and turned to attracting
539:
Although the program has successfully attracted top international talent to China, its efficacy in retaining these talented individuals has been questioned, with many of the most talented scientists willing to spend short periods in China but unwilling to abandon their tenured positions at major
332:
In 2013, the Junior
Thousand Talent Plan was created to attract faculty members under the age of 40 who have performed high impact research at one of the world's top universities. Although these professorships can be affiliated with any university in China, they are awarded disproportionately to
543:
According to academic Scott Moore, the Chinese government had been the most assertive government in the world in introducing policies like the Thousand Talents Plan to trigger “a reverse brain drain." Moore stated that while the program posed several challenges for developed democracies such as
304:
elevated the program in 2010 to become the top-level award given through China's National Talent Development Plan to strengthen innovation and international competitiveness within China. In 2019, the program was re-branded as the "National High-end Foreign Experts Recruitment Plan." The CCP's
375:
Participants in the Young Thousand Talents program receive a one-time award of 500,000 RMB and start-up grants between 1 million and three million RMB. These packages are typically matched by host institutions in China or local governments. Participants also receive fringe benefits including
512:
and fraud. One TTP member stole proprietary defense information on U.S. military jet engines. The report indicated that "TTP targets U.S.-based researchers and scientists, regardless of ethnicity or citizenship, who focus on or have access to cutting-edge research and technology."
408:
China but unwilling to abandon their tenured positions at major Western universities. A study published in 2023 concluded that the scholars were high (but not top) caliber and outperformed overseas peers in last-authored publications because of better access to resources in China.
344:
The program includes two mechanisms: resources for permanent recruitment into Chinese academia, and resources for short-term appointments that typically target international experts who have full-time employment at a leading international university or research laboratory.
476:(FBI) has indicated that foreign recruitment sponsor talent plans "to bring outside knowledge and innovation back to their countries—and sometimes that means stealing trade secrets, breaking export control laws, or violating conflict-of-interest policies to do so."
348:
Within a decade of the announcement of the Thousand Talents Plan in 2008, it had attracted more than 7,000 people overall. More than 1,400 people participating in the Thousand Talents Plan, including several foreigners, specialize in life sciences fields.
319:
Previous attempts to attract foreign scientific talent through a decentralized network of approximately 600 "talent recruitment stations" worldwide had been largely ineffective at convincing top researchers to leave developed countries permanently.
441:(CSIS) warned both Canadian universities and Canadian research institutions of the TTP, saying that it recruited researchers and scientists around the world to persuade them to share their research and technology — either willingly or by coercion.
1717:
548:
publication, mainly owing to their access to greater funding and larger research teams. These results show the potential of talent programs as a policy tool for countries to attract expatriate scientists and promote their productivity."
1910:
389:
Some Thousand Talents Plan Professors have reported fraud in the program including misappropriated grant funding, poor accommodations, and violations of research ethics. Concerns were raised because some TTP contracts contain
491:
had investigations into the behavior of 189 scientists. In November 2020, Song Guo Zheng, a TTP participant, pled guilty to making false claims to the FBI about his ties to the Chinese government during his employment at
483:, the chair of Harvard University's Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, for lying about his ties to the program, and was convicted in December 2021. In May 2020, the FBI arrested a former researcher at the
2021:
1878:
2016:
500:
1980:
937:
They found that the scholars were high (but not top) caliber and outperformed overseas peers in last-authored publications because of greater access to larger research teams and better research funding in
504:
1707:
1543:"The Office of the Ministry of Education Insists on Correct Guidance in Promoting the Reasonable and Orderly Flow of High-level Talents in Colleges and Universities (教育部办公厅关于坚持正确导向促进高校高层次人才合理有序流动的通知)"
1781:
2049:
1900:
1684:
1588:
1488:
2149:
1846:
1651:
394:
that forbid informing the home university or home government of the award. Dismissals due to undisclosed connections to the TTP have taken place. In 2019, executives and researchers at the
598:
1063:
2008:
1027:
316:
China also administers a "Young Thousand Talents" program as a "youth" branch of the Thousand Talents Plan. It focuses on the recruitment of early career STEM scholars.
1868:
1749:
360:
2294:
1619:
2606:
1972:
487:
for failing to disclose ties to the Thousand Talents Program, although a year later federal prosecutors dismissed the case. In June 2020, it was reported that the
1520:
1253:
288:
The Thousand Talent program is the most prominent of China's more than 200 talent recruitment programs. It grew out of the "Talent Superpower Strategy" of the
289:
1223:
Li, Feng; Miao, Yajun; Yang, Chenchen (March 2015). "How do alumni faculty behave in research collaboration? An analysis of Chang Jiang Scholars in China".
467:
The success of the program in recruiting U.S.-trained scientists back to China has been viewed with concern from the U.S., with a June 2018 report from the
395:
421:
263:
1771:
2393:
2039:
1674:
1578:
1478:
301:
2139:
1814:
1836:
2304:
688:
399:
the Ministry of Education issued notices in both 2013 and 2017 discouraging Chinese universities from recruiting away top talent from one another.
297:
1641:
1552:
359:
The Thousand Talents Plan professorship is the highest academic honor awarded by the State Council, analogous to the top-level award given by the
2637:
2622:
252:
588:
785:
2699:
2200:
1050:
524:, who oversaw the extramural research program, said that while TTP is not a threat, participants should fully disclose that relationship.
2788:
1058:
567:
2734:
1708:"The Threat Posed by the Chinese Government and the Chinese Communist Party to the Economic and National Security of the United States"
527:
In September 2022, it was reported that TTP programs recruited over 150 scientists who worked on U.S. government-sponsored research at
453:
arrested a Chinese TTP researcher on espionage charges for allegedly stealing thousands of files relating to medical robot technology.
2601:
2532:
2406:
432:
2264:
2627:
352:
More than 300 scientists and scholars at Australian tertiary institutions are connected to the program, according to research by
2752:
2739:
2284:
462:
438:
1017:
2828:
1395:
1164:
1150:
1104:
971:
840:
634:
353:
310:
262:
agencies in the United States, Australia, Canada, and other countries have raised concerns about the program as a vector for
1739:
993:
649:
1409:
417:
267:
1609:
610:
The primary replacement for TTP is a program called Qiming overseen by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
2591:
2441:
1841:
2464:
2456:
2808:
2337:
1510:
509:
2823:
2780:
2766:
2745:
2726:
2586:
683:
2193:
450:
2784:
2759:
2373:
2254:
1744:
1712:
473:
2418:
881:"Has China's Young Thousand Talents program been successful in recruiting and nurturing top-caliber scientists?"
2694:
2647:
2342:
528:
124:
57:
2709:
2519:
2401:
2314:
2309:
2226:
1931:
Mervis, Jeffrey (2020-06-22). "'Has it peaked? I don't know.' NIH official details foreign influence probe".
1547:
517:
488:
468:
220:
198:
110:
43:
2140:"Scientists at America's top nuclear lab were recruited by China to design missiles and drones, report says"
2833:
2596:
2431:
1804:
1128:
306:
2426:
2332:
2186:
1387:
1193:
338:
678:
2714:
2684:
2663:
2279:
2259:
1542:
780:
1147:"The party speaks for you: Foreign interference and the Chinese Communist Party's united front system"
2560:
2502:
2497:
2474:
2436:
1225:
1091:(1 ed.). Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. |: Routledge. p. 122.
821:
China's Next Act: How Sustainability and Technology are Reshaping China's Rise and the World's Future
557:
1901:"Fed. prosecutors dismiss criminal case involving former Cleveland Clinic doctor with ties to China"
2555:
2487:
391:
2527:
2289:
824:
775:
293:
2507:
241:
to recruit experts in science and technology from abroad, principally but not exclusively from
1973:"Former Ohio State researcher pleads guilty for lying to FBI about ties to Chinese government"
2679:
2239:
1022:
493:
630:"Hunting the Phoenix: The Chinese Communist Party's global search for technology and talent"
2818:
2813:
2704:
2632:
2492:
2234:
2086:
1332:
894:
279:
1869:"Former Cleveland Clinic researcher charged with fraud for failing to disclose China ties"
8:
2642:
2299:
1805:"U.S. Arrests Harvard Chemistry Professor For 'Making False Statements' About China Ties"
832:
259:
238:
2090:
1336:
898:
2542:
2209:
2120:
1954:
1583:
1459:
1376:
Mulvenon, James (2023). "Nontraditional Security Competition: The Espionage Realm". In
1154:
1122:
1110:
985:
928:
639:
562:
2550:
2274:
2124:
2112:
2104:
2077:
1958:
1946:
1933:
1463:
1451:
1436:
1401:
1391:
1358:
1350:
1323:
1289:
1114:
1100:
989:
977:
967:
932:
920:
912:
885:
846:
836:
756:
748:
480:
1837:"Harvard University Professor Convicted of Making False Statements and Tax Offenses"
1432:"Moffitt Cancer Center details links of fired scientists to Chinese talent programs"
2570:
2324:
2244:
2094:
1938:
1873:
1441:
1377:
1340:
1314:
1294:
1280:
1234:
1092:
959:
902:
828:
738:
729:
484:
242:
155:
80:
1146:
2565:
2174:
Chinese Talent Program Tracker at the Center for Security and Emerging Technology
1809:
1614:
1483:
1345:
1318:
1238:
951:
629:
285:
overseas Chinese and top foreign-born talent from the world's best universities.
2099:
2072:
1381:
2044:
2017:
United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
1772:"Acclaimed Harvard Scientist Is Arrested, Accused of Lying About Ties to China"
1679:
1646:
1258:
743:
724:
1405:
981:
950:
Stoff, Jeffrey (2020-08-03), Hannas, William C.; Tatlow, Didi Kirsten (eds.),
850:
2802:
2108:
1950:
1455:
1354:
1159:
916:
752:
587:
Zhu, Julie; Potkin, Fanny; Baptista, Eduardo; Martina, Michael (2023-08-24).
521:
1942:
1446:
1431:
1299:
1284:
963:
907:
880:
2378:
2116:
2009:"Threats to the U.S. Research Enterprise: China's Talent Recruitment Plans"
1515:
1362:
924:
760:
644:
162:
87:
1096:
2368:
2363:
1013:
2173:
32:
1142:
625:
1479:"Moffitt Cancer Center shakeup: CEO and others resign over China ties"
2269:
2178:
334:
2040:"China's Thousand Talents Program Finally Gets the U.S.'s Attention"
1675:"China's Thousand Talents Program Finally Gets the U.S.'s Attention"
2446:
2358:
2144:
1579:"CSIS warns about Beijing's efforts to recruit Canadian scientists"
589:"China quietly recruits overseas chip talent as US tightens curbs"
337:) universities; the few individuals who receive both this and the
1905:
593:
376:
subsidized housing and prioritization when applying for grants.
2482:
2249:
1642:"U.S. Faces 'Unprecedented Threat' From China on Tech Takeover"
228:
206:
1201:
313:
is the official representative body for program participants.
2512:
1087:
Hannas, William C.; Tatlow, Didi Kirsten, eds. (2020-08-03).
679:"China's Effort To Recruit Top Academic Talent Faces Hurdles"
384:
1285:"China dangles green cards to entice foreign science talent"
245:
communities. The current iteration of the program is called
1018:"China's National Talent Plan: Key Measures and Objectives"
1383:
Cold Rivals: The New Era of US-China Strategic Competition
2689:
2295:
Challenge Cup Competition of Science Achievement in China
1776:
958:(1 ed.), Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, pp. 38–54,
1572:
1570:
586:
505:
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs
1089:
China's Quest for Foreign Technology: Beyond Espionage
1051:"The Youth Thousand Talents Plan and China's Military"
1567:
879:
Shi, Dongbo; Liu, Weichen; Wang, Yanbo (2023-01-06).
396:
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
167:
92:
472:
technology for economic and military advantage. The
422:
Allegations of intellectual property theft by China
501:US Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
333:individuals affiliated with the most prestigious (
1048:
508:and cited numerous cases against TTP members for
2800:
1511:"China sets ground rules for local talent quest"
1049:Fedasiuk, Ryan; Feldgoise, Jacob (August 2020).
2638:International Alliance of Research Universities
2623:Association of East Asian Research Universities
2073:"Details revealed on NIH probe of foreign ties"
411:
302:State Council of the People's Republic of China
253:Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
217:Overseas High-Level Talent Recruitment Programs
141:Overseas High-Level Talent Recruitment Programs
725:"China's plan to recruit talented researchers"
2194:
1254:"China has recruited 'hundreds' of academics"
341:are typically associated with the C9 League.
129:
115:
62:
48:
2700:Language Proficiency Assessment for Teachers
1086:
402:
2789:Types of universities and colleges in China
1313:
1279:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1059:Center for Security and Emerging Technology
568:Beijing Overseas Talent Aggregation Project
366:
2201:
2187:
1222:
878:
385:Conflict of interest and fraud allegations
2533:Self-Taught Higher Education Examinations
2407:National Education Examinations Authority
2098:
1803:Mudie, Luisetta, ed. (January 29, 2020).
1633:
1445:
1344:
1298:
1158:
906:
742:
643:
433:Chinese government interference in Canada
2265:Burning of books and burying of scholars
2137:
1769:
1639:
1535:
1375:
1251:
1179:
1006:
339:Changjiang (Yangtze River) Scholar award
2628:Association of Pacific Rim Universities
2607:Schools of Journalism and Communication
2037:
1672:
1502:
1476:
1273:
2801:
2208:
2070:
1930:
1477:Griffin, Justine (December 18, 2019).
1429:
676:
463:Chinese espionage in the United States
439:Canadian Security Intelligence Service
2182:
2052:from the original on January 28, 2020
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1866:
1817:from the original on January 30, 2020
1802:
1198:Recruitment Program of Global Experts
1151:Australian Strategic Policy Institute
1141:
949:
818:
672:
670:
668:
666:
635:Australian Strategic Policy Institute
624:
354:Australian Strategic Policy Institute
311:Western Returned Scholars Association
234:Hǎiwài gāo céngcì réncái yǐnjìn jìhuà
169:Hǎiwài gāo céngcì réncái yǐnjìn jìhuà
2138:Dilanian, Ken (September 21, 2022).
2038:Leonard, Jenny (December 12, 2019).
1784:from the original on 28 January 2020
1705:
1687:from the original on 28 January 2020
1610:"한국 6000억 의료로봇 기술, 1만여건 중국 빼돌린 中연구원"
1012:
956:China’s Quest for Foreign Technology
874:
872:
870:
868:
866:
864:
862:
860:
814:
812:
810:
808:
806:
804:
802:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
620:
618:
418:Chinese intelligence activity abroad
1842:United States Department of Justice
1763:
1673:Leonard, Jenny (12 December 2019).
1576:
1508:
773:
722:
13:
2338:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
1994:
1770:Chappell, Bill (28 January 2020).
1640:Capaccio, Anthony (21 June 2018).
1555:from the original on 25 April 2018
1523:from the original on 24 April 2018
1030:from the original on 10 April 2018
833:10.1093/oso/9780197603994.001.0001
767:
691:from the original on 10 April 2018
663:
479:In January 2020, the FBI arrested
14:
2845:
2781:Rankings of universities in China
2735:List of universities and colleges
2167:
1881:from the original on May 24, 2020
1706:Wray, Christopher (7 July 2020).
1654:from the original on 25 June 2018
1252:Maddison, Max (20 January 2021).
1167:from the original on June 9, 2020
857:
799:
703:
684:The Chronicle of Higher Education
615:
37:Logo of the Thousand Talents Plan
2027:from the original on 2019-11-22.
1720:from the original on 7 July 2020
723:Jia, Hepeng (January 17, 2018).
456:
451:Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency
31:
2785:Science and technology in China
2374:Double First-Class Construction
2255:Academies of Classical Learning
2152:from the original on 2022-09-21
2131:
2064:
2031:
1983:from the original on 2021-01-19
1965:
1924:
1913:from the original on 2022-12-26
1893:
1867:Eaton, Sabrina (May 14, 2020).
1860:
1849:from the original on 2022-06-25
1829:
1796:
1752:from the original on 2023-06-24
1745:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1732:
1713:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1699:
1666:
1622:from the original on 2023-06-07
1602:
1591:from the original on 2020-08-20
1491:from the original on 2023-12-11
1470:
1423:
1412:from the original on 2024-02-28
1369:
1307:
1245:
1216:
1135:
1080:
1069:from the original on 2020-12-26
1042:
996:from the original on 2023-07-03
788:from the original on 2016-03-15
652:from the original on 2020-08-20
601:from the original on 2023-08-26
474:Federal Bureau of Investigation
2695:Common Recruitment Examination
2648:Worldwide Universities Network
2343:Chinese Academy of Engineering
2071:Mervis, Jeffrey (2019-07-05).
1430:Mervis, Jeffrey (2020-01-19).
943:
819:Moore, Scott M. (2022-08-24).
776:"The Thousand Talents Program"
677:Sharma, Yojana (28 May 2013).
580:
529:Los Alamos National Laboratory
510:theft of intellectual property
444:
233:
224:
211:
202:
168:
130:
116:
93:
63:
49:
1:
2710:Quanguo Waiyu Shuiping Kaoshi
2315:Education inequality in China
1577:Kao, Josie (August 6, 2020).
573:
489:National Institutes of Health
469:National Intelligence Council
273:
2829:2008 establishments in China
1346:10.1126/science.346.6208.411
1239:10.1016/j.respol.2014.09.002
518:National Institute of Health
412:Foreign government reactions
323:
307:United Front Work Department
7:
2333:Chinese Academy of Sciences
2100:10.1126/science.365.6448.14
1551:(in Chinese). 25 Jan 2017.
1509:Jia, Hepeng (28 Jun 2017).
1388:Georgetown University Press
551:
534:
379:
264:intellectual property theft
239:central government of China
10:
2850:
2778:
2715:Public English Test System
2685:Putonghua Proficiency Test
2442:Private and public schools
2280:Hundred Schools of Thought
1194:"The 1000 Talents Program"
781:Conference Board of Canada
744:10.1038/d41586-018-00538-z
460:
430:
415:
277:
2809:Higher education in China
2776:
2725:
2672:
2656:
2615:
2579:
2561:National Library of China
2541:
2503:Academic grading in China
2498:National Key Universities
2473:
2455:
2417:
2392:
2351:
2323:
2225:
2216:
1618:(in Korean). 2023-06-07.
952:"China's Talent Programs"
558:China Scholarship Council
426:
403:Effectiveness assessments
392:non-disclosure agreements
179:
161:
154:
149:
145:
137:
123:
109:
104:
86:
79:
74:
70:
56:
42:
30:
26:
21:
2824:Academic awards in China
2690:Zhíyè Hànyŭ Nénglì Cèshì
2602:Foreign-language schools
2556:Book collecting in China
2488:National Key Disciplines
1127:: CS1 maint: location (
367:Benefits to participants
191:Thousand Talents Program
125:Traditional Chinese
105:Alternative Chinese name
58:Traditional Chinese
16:Chinese academic program
2528:Academic ranks in China
2290:Digital divide in China
1943:10.1126/science.abd4593
1447:10.1126/science.aba9662
1300:10.1126/science.aaa6406
964:10.4324/9781003035084-4
908:10.1126/science.abq1218
825:Oxford University Press
296:(CCP) in 2007. The CCP
294:Chinese Communist Party
111:Simplified Chinese
44:Simplified Chinese
2508:State Key Laboratories
1740:"Chinese Talent Plans"
540:Western universities.
499:In November 2019, the
290:17th National Congress
251:, administered by the
237:) is a program by the
2680:Hanyu Shuiping Kaoshi
2402:Ministry of Education
2384:Thousand Talents Plan
2240:Mandarin (bureaucrat)
1548:Ministry of Education
1097:10.4324/9781003035084
1023:Brookings Institution
494:Ohio State University
461:Further information:
431:Further information:
416:Further information:
361:Ministry of Education
278:Further information:
187:Thousand Talents Plan
22:Thousand Talents Plan
2705:College English Test
2633:Global U8 Consortium
2493:College English Test
2235:Imperial examination
280:Human capital flight
258:Law enforcement and
2834:Technology transfer
2432:Secondary education
2305:1952 reorganization
2300:May Fourth Movement
2245:Scholar-bureaucrats
2091:2019Sci...365...14M
1337:2014Sci...346..411H
1319:"Show me the money"
899:2023Sci...379...62S
628:(August 20, 2020).
260:counterintelligence
2465:Vocation education
2310:Simplified Chinese
2210:Education in China
1584:The Globe and Mail
563:Made in China 2025
449:In June 2023, the
2796:
2795:
2664:English education
2616:Int'l cooperation
2551:Archives in China
2427:Primary education
2285:Scouting in China
2275:Beijing Guozijian
2260:Chinese educators
1397:978-1-64712-358-1
1378:Medeiros, Evan S.
1331:(6208): 411–415.
1315:Hvistendahl, Mara
1281:Hvistendahl, Mara
1106:978-1-003-03508-4
973:978-1-003-03508-4
842:978-0-19-760399-4
481:Charles M. Lieber
298:Central Committee
183:
182:
175:
174:
156:Standard Mandarin
100:
99:
81:Standard Mandarin
2841:
2592:Business schools
2571:Shanghai Library
2437:Boarding schools
2219:Education system
2203:
2196:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2102:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2035:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2013:
2005:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1969:
1963:
1962:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1897:
1891:
1890:
1888:
1886:
1874:The Plain Dealer
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
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1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1736:
1730:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1637:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1574:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1506:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1449:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1417:
1373:
1367:
1366:
1348:
1311:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1277:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1249:
1243:
1242:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1200:. Archived from
1190:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1162:
1145:(June 9, 2020).
1139:
1133:
1132:
1126:
1118:
1084:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1055:
1046:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1035:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1002:
1001:
947:
941:
940:
910:
876:
855:
854:
816:
797:
796:
794:
793:
771:
765:
764:
746:
720:
701:
700:
698:
696:
674:
661:
660:
658:
657:
647:
622:
613:
612:
607:
606:
584:
485:Cleveland Clinic
437:In August 2020,
243:overseas Chinese
235:
226:
213:
204:
171:
170:
147:
146:
133:
132:
119:
118:
96:
95:
72:
71:
66:
65:
52:
51:
35:
19:
18:
2849:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2799:
2798:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2772:
2721:
2668:
2652:
2611:
2587:Medical schools
2575:
2566:Nanjing Library
2537:
2469:
2451:
2413:
2388:
2347:
2319:
2221:
2212:
2207:
2170:
2165:
2164:
2155:
2153:
2136:
2132:
2069:
2065:
2055:
2053:
2036:
2032:
2024:
2011:
2007:
2006:
1995:
1986:
1984:
1971:
1970:
1966:
1929:
1925:
1916:
1914:
1899:
1898:
1894:
1884:
1882:
1865:
1861:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1820:
1818:
1810:Radio Free Asia
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1753:
1738:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1704:
1700:
1690:
1688:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1638:
1634:
1625:
1623:
1615:The Chosun Ilbo
1608:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1592:
1575:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1541:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1507:
1503:
1494:
1492:
1484:Tampa Bay Times
1475:
1471:
1428:
1424:
1415:
1413:
1398:
1390:. p. 279.
1374:
1370:
1312:
1308:
1283:(27 Jan 2015).
1278:
1274:
1264:
1262:
1250:
1246:
1226:Research Policy
1221:
1217:
1207:
1205:
1192:
1191:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1140:
1136:
1120:
1119:
1107:
1085:
1081:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1053:
1047:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1016:(23 Nov 2010).
1011:
1007:
999:
997:
974:
948:
944:
893:(6627): 62–65.
877:
858:
843:
817:
800:
791:
789:
774:Robbins, Mark.
772:
768:
721:
704:
694:
692:
675:
664:
655:
653:
623:
616:
604:
602:
585:
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537:
465:
459:
447:
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429:
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387:
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369:
326:
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276:
138:Literal meaning
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2847:
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2816:
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2670:
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2650:
2645:
2643:Universitas 21
2640:
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2630:
2625:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
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2574:
2573:
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2553:
2547:
2545:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2520:HKSAR students
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2471:
2470:
2468:
2467:
2461:
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2453:
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2450:
2449:
2444:
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2434:
2429:
2423:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2411:
2410:
2409:
2398:
2396:
2394:Administration
2390:
2389:
2387:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2346:
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2329:
2327:
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2307:
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2257:
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2242:
2237:
2231:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2214:
2213:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2169:
2168:External links
2166:
2163:
2162:
2130:
2063:
2045:Bloomberg News
2030:
1993:
1979:. 2020-11-13.
1964:
1923:
1909:. 2021-07-15.
1892:
1859:
1845:. 2021-12-21.
1828:
1795:
1762:
1731:
1698:
1680:Bloomberg News
1665:
1647:Bloomberg News
1632:
1601:
1566:
1534:
1501:
1469:
1422:
1396:
1368:
1317:(2014-10-24).
1306:
1272:
1259:The Australian
1244:
1233:(2): 438–450.
1215:
1204:on 7 June 2019
1178:
1134:
1105:
1079:
1041:
1005:
972:
942:
856:
841:
823:(1 ed.).
798:
766:
702:
662:
614:
578:
577:
575:
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571:
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212:Qiān rén jìhuà
181:
180:
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159:
158:
152:
151:
150:Transcriptions
143:
142:
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120:
113:
107:
106:
102:
101:
98:
97:
94:Qiān rén jìhuà
90:
84:
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77:
76:
75:Transcriptions
68:
67:
60:
54:
53:
46:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
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2810:
2807:
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2706:
2703:
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2686:
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2681:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2657:Subject areas
2655:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
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2624:
2621:
2620:
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2614:
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2522:
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2516:
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2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
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2204:
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2197:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2175:
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2171:
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2147:
2146:
2141:
2134:
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2122:
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2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
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2019:
2018:
2010:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1982:
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1974:
1968:
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1956:
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1944:
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1935:
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522:Michael Lauer
519:
516:In 2019, the
514:
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457:United States
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2379:Project Hope
2218:
2154:. Retrieved
2143:
2133:
2085:(6448): 14.
2082:
2076:
2066:
2054:. Retrieved
2043:
2033:
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1985:. Retrieved
1976:
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1932:
1926:
1915:. Retrieved
1904:
1895:
1883:. Retrieved
1872:
1862:
1851:. Retrieved
1840:
1831:
1819:. Retrieved
1808:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1775:
1765:
1754:. Retrieved
1743:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1711:
1701:
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1678:
1668:
1656:. Retrieved
1645:
1635:
1624:. Retrieved
1613:
1604:
1593:. Retrieved
1582:
1557:. Retrieved
1546:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1516:Nature Index
1514:
1504:
1493:. Retrieved
1482:
1472:
1435:
1425:
1414:. Retrieved
1382:
1371:
1328:
1322:
1309:
1288:
1275:
1263:. Retrieved
1257:
1247:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1206:. Retrieved
1202:the original
1197:
1169:. Retrieved
1137:
1088:
1082:
1071:. Retrieved
1057:
1044:
1032:. Retrieved
1021:
1014:Wang, Huiyao
1008:
998:, retrieved
955:
945:
936:
890:
884:
820:
790:. Retrieved
779:
769:
737:(7688): S8.
734:
728:
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682:
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633:
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603:. Retrieved
592:
582:
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526:
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478:
466:
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283:
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247:
246:
232:
216:
210:
194:
190:
186:
184:
163:Hanyu Pinyin
88:Hanyu Pinyin
2819:Brain drain
2814:Recruitment
2597:Law schools
2369:Project 985
2364:Project 211
2056:January 31,
1977:The Lantern
1821:January 30,
1724:12 November
1691:12 November
1143:Joske, Alex
645:resrep26119
626:Joske, Alex
445:South Korea
225:海外高层次人才引进计划
131:海外高層次人才引進計劃
117:海外高层次人才引进计划
2803:Categories
2779:See also:
2753:Wu Shulian
2580:Specialist
2457:Vocational
2156:2022-09-22
1987:2021-01-26
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