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which now rests on the lunar surface. He personally corresponded with the heads of what became seventy-three participating nations, and coordinated the efforts to enshrine their messages on a tiny silicon disc manufactured by the
Sprague Electric Company of North Adams, Massachusetts. Paine's name is
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Paine was recruited to succeed Webb by
President Lyndon Johnson. He was tasked with the responsibility of getting the Apollo program back on track in the wake of the Apollo 1 disaster, and fulfilling President Kennedy's goal "before this decade is out, of landing a man on the Moon and returning him
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Paine resigned from NASA September 15, 1970, to return to the
General Electric Co. in New York City as vice president and group executive, Power Generation Group (worldwide ship propulsion, nuclear power, and steam and gas turbine generators), and later became senior vice president for science and
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In 1982, Paine established Thomas Paine
Associates - High Technology Enterprises (TPA) in Westwood, CA, and relocated it in Santa Monica, CA, in 1986. TPA also housed Paine's 3400-volume Submarine Warfare Library, which was later donated to the Nimitz Library, U.S. Naval Academy.
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Paine was appointed Deputy
Administrator of NASA on January 31, 1968. Upon the retirement of James E. Webb on October 8, 1968, he was named Acting Administrator of NASA. He was nominated as NASA's third Administrator on March 5, 1969, and confirmed by the Senate on March 20, 1969.
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Since leaving NASA fifteen years earlier, Paine had been a vocal spokesman for an expansive future of Space exploration. The
National Commission on Space took most of a year to prepare its report, conducting public hearings throughout the United States. The Commission report,
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In 1972, Paine donated his papers to the
Library of Congress, where they are currently open and available in the Manuscript Division. Although there is one container of classified material, the other 183 are open and available to researchers.
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and others, Paine developed an ambitious plan calling for the establishment of a lunar base and a massive space station in Earth orbit before the end of the 1970s, culminating in a crewed mission to Mars as early as 1981. President
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931:. The name of the show is inspired by the inscription on the Apollo 11 lunar plaque Paine was instrumental in bringing about. In the show's setting, Paine stays on as NASA administrator until Nixon loses re-election to
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Paine began his career as a research associate at
Stanford University from 1947 to 1949, where he made basic studies of high-temperature alloys and liquid metals in support of naval nuclear reactor programs.
556:, as the manager of materials development, and later as a laboratory manager. Under Paine's management, this lab received the Award for Outstanding Contribution to Industrial Science in 1956 from the
642:. A high level committee determined that a plaque declaring that "We Came in Peace for all Mankind" and the planting of a U.S. flag on the Moon were to be part of the ceremonial activities for
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On
October 12, 1984, President Ronald Reagan issued Executive Order 12490 that commissioned a panel of experts to investigate and evaluate the future of the national space program. President
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for its work in fine-particle magnet development. From 1958 through 1962, Paine was a research associate and manager of
Engineering Applications at the Research and Development Center of the
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552:, in 1949 as a research associate, where he started research programs on magnetic and composite materials. In 1951, Paine transferred to the Meter and Instrument Department of G.E. in
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477:. He qualified as a Navy deep-sea diver and was awarded the Commendation Medal and Submarine Combat Insignia with stars. From 1946 to 1949, Paine attended
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appointed Paine to be the chairman of this investigation. Rather than naming the commission after himself, as is customary, he chose instead to name it
600:, and 12 walked upon its surface. Many automated scientific and applications spacecraft were also flown in U.S. and cooperative international programs.
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460:, he served as a submarine officer in the Pacific and in the subsequent Japanese occupation. In late 1945, Paine became the executive officer of the
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828:. The Planetary Society honored his commitment to Mars by establishing The Thomas O. Paine Award for the Advancement of Human Exploration of Mars.
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was flown as were three other Apollo missions. Paine was also deeply involved in preparing plans for the post-Apollo era at NASA.
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in 1972. He is then brought back by Reagan when elected in 1976 and remains NASA administrator until killed in the 1983
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1064:"Appointment of 14 Members of the National Commission on Space, and Designation of the Chairman and Vice Chairman"
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1030:. Phoenix, Arizona. Associated Press. November 14, 1970. p. 23 – via Newspapers.com.
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Paine was also deeply involved in preparing plans for the post-Apollo era at NASA. Along with
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856:. They had four children: Marguerite Ada, George Thomas, Judith Janet, and Frank Taunton.
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413:(November 9, 1921 – May 4, 1992) was an American engineer, scientist and advocate of
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Paine was instrumental in acquiring the sentiments of world leaders that became the
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degree in 1949 in physical metallurgy. During his career, Paine received honorary
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Paine, Thomas O. (April 2006). "The Last Voyage of a Submarine Aircraft Carrier".
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We Came in Peace for all Mankind- the Untold Story of the Apollo 11 Silicon Disc
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Paine left GE in 1976 to become the president and chief operating officer of
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missions were flown, highlighted by the first human lunar landing by
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Paine proposed the idea of the messages to the State Department's
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Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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1091:"Thomas O. Paine, NASA's Chief During Moon Missions, Dies at 70"
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Paine served as a director for many corporations, including the
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neighborhood of Los Angeles on May 4, 1992, at the age of 70.
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in Schenectady, N.Y., From 1963 to 1968, Paine was manager of
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The effect of a molten lead-bismuth eutectic alloy on steel
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596:. In all, 20 astronauts orbited Earth, 24 traveled to the
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The effect of a molten lead-bismuth eutectic alloy on steel
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astronaut and first American woman to walk in space), Dr.
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technology (oversight of GE's research and development).
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A fictionalized Thomas O. Paine is depicted in the 2019
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1043:"Executive Order 12490 -- National Commission on Space"
1166:"NASA's Tom Paine -- Is This a Job for a Prudent Man?"
939:
incident. In the show Paine is played by Dan Donohue.
421:, serving from March 21, 1969, to September 15, 1970.
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Paine was married to Barbara Helen Taunton Pearse of
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During his administration at NASA, the first crewed
704:. Members of the 15-member commission included Dr.
588:During his administration at NASA, the first seven
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American Association for the Advancement of Science
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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812:company). Paine also served as a Director of the
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1254:Administrators and deputy administrators of NASA
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742:United States Ambassador to the United Nations
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452:degree in engineering. At Brown, Paine joined
2971:Brown University School of Engineering alumni
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840:and Brown University and was a member of the
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728:(American physicist and space activist), Dr.
158:March 21, 1969 – September 15, 1970
3006:United States Navy personnel of World War II
1024:"Agnew Confers Awards on Crews of 3 Apollos"
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1909:Commercial Orbital Transportation Services
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2803:Hubble Space Telescope anniversary images
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808:, and Quotron Systems (a division of the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
859:Paine died of cancer at his home in the
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161:Acting: October 6, 1968 – March 21, 1969
2888:NASA International Space Apps Challenge
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1119:"The dark side of the race to the moon"
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1676:Administrator and Deputy Administrator
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1132:Portions of this article are based on
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2466:Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite
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822:International Academy of Astronautics
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637:Under Secretary for Political Affairs
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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1041:Reagan, Ronald (October 12, 1984).
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2996:People from Brentwood, Los Angeles
1582:National Aeronautics and Space Act
1088:Steinberg, Jacques (May 7, 1992).
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836:Paine also served as a Trustee of
826:Pacific Forum CSIS Honolulu Hawaii
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2536:Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
2090:Commercial Lunar Payload Services
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755:pilot and first man to break the
2991:People from Berkeley, California
2976:Deaths from cancer in California
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2831:Apollo 15 postal covers incident
2589:Space Flight Operations Facility
1775:Operations and Checkout Building
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740:(political scientist and former
702:The National Commission on Space
617:NASA Distinguished Service Medal
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23:
2050:Lunar Precursor Robotic Program
842:National Academy of Engineering
612:rejected these plans, however.
515:Worcester Polytechnic Institute
34:needs additional citations for
2986:Nixon administration personnel
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1009:Thomas O. Paine NASA Biography
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495:Clarkson College of Technology
16:NASA administrator (1921-1992)
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2981:Deputy Administrators of NASA
1164:Buckley, Tom (June 8, 1969).
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765:Pioneering the Space Frontier
247:Los Angeles, California, U.S.
2868:Space program on U.S. stamps
2793:Gemini and Apollo medallions
2743:Solar System Family Portrait
2519:Joint Polar Satellite System
2388:Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
1642:Vision for Space Exploration
1612:Space Exploration Initiative
1484:Acting deputy administrators
908:. In the 1998 TV miniseries
680:National Commission on Space
653:
499:Nebraska Wesleyan University
7:
2863:U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame
2820:We choose to go to the Moon
2783:Apollo 11 goodwill messages
2341:International Space Station
2321:Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
2060:Great Observatories program
1904:International Space Station
1882:Roscosmos State Corporation
1799:Science Mission Directorate
1745:Manned Space Flight Network
937:Korean Air Lines Flight 007
870:
632:also etched onto the disc.
629:Apollo 11 Goodwill Messages
623:Apollo 11 Goodwill Messages
503:University of New Brunswick
466:aircraft-carrying submarine
10:
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3001:Stanford University alumni
2680:NASA cameras on spacecraft
2491:James Webb Space Telescope
2403:Solar Dynamics Observatory
1624:U.S. National Space Policy
911:From the Earth to the Moon
771:Thomas O. Paine Associates
464:which sailed the Japanese
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570:Santa Barbara, California
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2750:The Day the Earth Smiled
2085:Solar Terrestrial Probes
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818:National Space Institute
562:General Electric Company
507:Oklahoma City University
436:Early life and education
2883:Other primates in space
2595:Deep Space Atomic Clock
2415:Mars Science Laboratory
2203:Spitzer Space Telescope
1792:Lunar Sample Laboratory
1735:Launch Services Program
1396:Robert M. Lightfoot Jr.
1149:. Leathers Publishing.
898:. In the 1996 TV movie
780:Corporate directorships
548:Research Laboratory in
2966:Administrators of NASA
2898:National Astronaut Day
2841:The Astronaut Monument
2663:Space Shuttle missions
2363:Mars Exploration Rover
2346:Hubble Space Telescope
2255:Kepler space telescope
2055:Earth Observing System
2029:Mars Exploration Rover
1740:Mercury Control Center
1145:Rahman, Tahir (2007).
1012:. NASA History Office.
925:web television series
802:Arthur D. Little, Inc.
710:Nobel Prize in Physics
693:
650:on the lunar surface.
585:safely to the Earth."
255:Barbara Taunton Pearse
2846:Lunar sample displays
2836:Space Mirror Memorial
2778:Voyager Golden Record
2670:United States rockets
1862: (with the
1770:Launch Control Center
1447:James R. Thompson Jr.
1411:Deputy administrators
1368:William Robert Graham
1343:Acting administrators
894:, Paine is played by
722:first man on the Moon
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550:Schenectady, New York
419:Administrator of NASA
1864:Soviet space program
1782:Johnson Space Center
1750:Kennedy Space Center
1713:spinoff technologies
1386:Frederick D. Gregory
958:The Submarine Review
674:Northrop Corporation
668:Northrop corporation
493:degrees from Brown,
417:, and was the third
231:Berkeley, California
43:improve this article
2873:Apollo 17 Moon mice
2729:Pillars of Creation
2636:Space Shuttle crews
2114:(human and robotic)
2108:Individual featured
1691:Ranks and positions
1391:Christopher Scolese
1191:Government offices
1121:. 18 November 2019.
981:Stanford University
875:In the 1966 BBC TV
730:Kathryn D. Sullivan
615:He was awarded the
554:Lynn, Massachusetts
531:Stanford University
485:degree in 1947 and
479:Stanford University
454:Delta Kappa Epsilon
365:Stanford University
283:Stanford University
2675:NASA cancellations
2570:Deep Space Network
2560:Near Earth Network
2045:Living With a Star
2019:Project Prometheus
1999:Planetary Observer
1319:Michael D. Griffin
1206:NASA Administrator
1171:The New York Times
1097:The New York Times
914:, he is played by
904:, he is played by
888:In the 1995 movie
838:Occidental College
832:University trustee
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576:NASA Administrator
526:Research scientist
509:, and an honorary
411:Thomas Otten Paine
321:United States Navy
218:Thomas Otten Paine
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2856:stolen or missing
2653:uncrewed missions
2631:Apollo astronauts
2626:Gemini astronauts
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2328:2001 Mars Odyssey
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1979:Mars Surveyor '98
1937:
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1880: (with
1813:Human spaceflight
1807:
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1765:Launch Complex 48
1760:Launch Complex 39
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1451:Frederick Gregory
1299:James C. Fletcher
1284:James C. Fletcher
1222:
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1216:James C. Fletcher
1213:Succeeded by
1156:978-1-58597-441-2
1006:Paine, Thomas O.
923:alternate history
906:Carmen Argenziano
814:Planetary Society
794:Eastern Air Lines
746:Brigadier General
738:Jeane Kirkpatrick
726:Gerard K. O'Neill
708:(a winner of the
688:Paine designed a
640:U. Alexis Johnson
544:Paine joined the
415:space exploration
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342:Scientific career
199:James C. Fletcher
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58:"Thomas O. Paine"
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2757:Fallen Astronaut
2398:Van Allen Probes
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2024:Mars Exploration
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1588:Space Task Group
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1363:Alan M. Lovelace
1304:Richard H. Truly
1289:Robert A. Frosch
1269:T. Keith Glennan
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1066:. March 29, 1985
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854:Perth, Australia
806:Orbital Sciences
659:General Electric
546:General Electric
540:General Electric
448:in 1942 with an
446:Brown University
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370:General Electric
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294:Military service
274:Brown University
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228:November 9, 1921
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209:Personal details
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2798:Mission patches
2773:Pioneer plaques
2736:Mystic Mountain
2713:Family Portrait
2706:The Blue Marble
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2658:Apollo missions
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2143:Mercury-Atlas 6
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1969:Mariner Mark II
1933:
1914:Commercial Crew
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1787:Mission Control
1686:Astronaut Corps
1681:Chief Scientist
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1500:Daniel Mulville
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1381:Daniel Mulville
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1329:Jim Bridenstine
1279:Thomas O. Paine
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928:For All Mankind
882:California 2000
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2893:Astronauts Day
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2554:
2552:and navigation
2550:Communications
2546:
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2533:
2530:Europa Clipper
2526:
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2011:
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1984:New Millennium
1981:
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1496:John R. Dailey
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1467:
1462:
1457:
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1440:William Graham
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1427:
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1422:Robert Seamans
1419:
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1324:Charles Bolden
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1296:
1294:James M. Beggs
1291:
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1261:Administrators
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1174:. p. SM34
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781:
778:
772:
769:
714:Neil Armstrong
681:
678:
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660:
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644:Neil Armstrong
624:
621:
605:George Mueller
577:
574:
541:
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473:from Japan to
437:
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317:Branch/service
314:
313:
300:
296:
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290:
271:
265:
264:
261:
257:
256:
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245:(aged 70)
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217:
215:
211:
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206:
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196:
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171:Lyndon Johnson
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2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2788:NASA insignia
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2768:Lunar plaques
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
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2754:
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2747:
2745:
2744:
2740:
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2722:
2721:
2720:Pale Blue Dot
2717:
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2703:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2695:
2693:
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2673:
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2668:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
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2649:
2648:NASA missions
2646:
2644:
2643:NASA aircraft
2641:
2637:
2634:
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2627:
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2577:
2575:
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2568:
2566:
2565:Space Network
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2547:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2527:
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2222:
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2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2198:Space Shuttle
2196:
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2184:
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2177:
2174:
2173:
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2160:
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2153:
2151:
2150:
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2126:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2096:
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2081:
2080:New Frontiers
2078:
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2036:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1989:Lunar Orbiter
1987:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1930:
1929:Lunar Gateway
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1888:Constellation
1886:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1873:
1871:
1870:Space Shuttle
1868:
1865:
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1858:
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1711:
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1709:
1708:NASA research
1706:
1704:
1701:
1697:
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1688:
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1679:
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1528:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1476:
1475:Pamela Melroy
1473:
1471:
1470:James Morhard
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1432:Alan Lovelace
1431:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1401:Steve Jurczyk
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:Richard Truly
1376:
1374:
1373:Dale D. Myers
1371:
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1351:
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1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1309:Daniel Goldin
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1274:James E. Webb
1272:
1270:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1217:
1208:
1207:
1200:
1199:James E. Webb
1194:
1189:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1135:
1134:public domain
1130:
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1120:
1114:
1099:
1098:
1092:
1084:
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1019:
1011:
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948:
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938:
934:
930:
929:
924:
919:
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907:
903:
902:
897:
893:
892:
886:
884:
883:
878:
868:
864:
862:
857:
855:
848:Personal life
845:
843:
839:
829:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
777:
768:
766:
760:
758:
757:sound barrier
754:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
734:Space Shuttle
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
698:Ronald Reagan
691:
686:
677:
675:
665:
651:
649:
645:
641:
638:
633:
630:
620:
618:
613:
611:
610:Richard Nixon
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
586:
582:
573:
571:
567:
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559:
555:
551:
547:
537:
518:
516:
512:
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484:
480:
476:
472:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
433:
431:
427:
426:lunar landing
422:
420:
416:
412:
403:
399:
395:
388:
387:
383:
381:
377:
371:
368:
366:
363:
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360:
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350:
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335:
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329:
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319:
315:
312:
311:United States
301:
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258:
254:
250:
240:
236:
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216:
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191:
188:
187:James E. Webb
185:
179:
176:
175:Richard Nixon
172:
169:
165:
155:
150:
147:
142:
138:
134:
129:
122:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
2933:
2921:
2755:
2748:
2742:
2734:
2727:
2718:
2711:
2704:
2697:
2528:
2477:Perseverance
2476:
2438:
2431:
2408:
2368:
2351:
2335:New Horizons
2333:
2326:
2319:
2292:
2284:
2260:
2248:
2241:
2228:
2216:
2208:
2169:
2161:
2154:
2147:
1876:
1860:Apollo–Soyuz
1426:Thomas Paine
1354:Thomas Paine
1314:Sean O'Keefe
1278:
1210:1969 - 1970
1204:
1176:. Retrieved
1169:
1146:
1131:
1113:
1101:. Retrieved
1095:
1068:. Retrieved
1058:
1046:. Retrieved
1036:
1027:
1018:
1008:
1001:
991:– via
974:
966:
957:
951:
926:
920:
916:Sam Anderson
909:
899:
889:
887:
880:
879:documentary
876:
874:
865:
858:
851:
835:
783:
774:
764:
761:
753:rocket plane
706:Luis Alvarez
701:
695:
690:flag of Mars
671:
662:
634:
626:
614:
602:
587:
583:
579:
543:
534:
513:degree from
475:Pearl Harbor
469:
458:World War II
439:
423:
410:
409:
384:
358:Institutions
341:
331:World War II
327:Battles/wars
243:(1992-05-04)
194:Succeeded by
153:
105:
99:January 2022
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
2961:1992 deaths
2956:1921 births
2763:Deep fields
2691:and artwork
2689:NASA images
2261:Opportunity
1730:NASA Social
1556:and history
1491:Aaron Cohen
1465:Dava Newman
1460:Lori Garver
1418:Hugh Dryden
1350:Hugh Dryden
1334:Bill Nelson
933:Ted Kennedy
648:Buzz Aldrin
241:May 4, 1992
182:Preceded by
2950:Categories
2851:Moon rocks
2611:Astronauts
2604:NASA lists
2461:OSIRIS-REx
2295:helicopter
2163:Pioneer 11
2156:Pioneer 10
1959:Hitchhiker
1834:suborbital
1671:Space Race
1455:Shana Dale
1443:Dale Myers
1429:George Low
1358:George Low
1136:text from
1103:January 3,
943:References
824:, and the
462:prize crew
352:Metallurgy
299:Allegiance
269:Alma mater
224:1921-11-09
69:newspapers
2878:Moon tree
2699:Earthrise
2574:Goldstone
2471:Mars 2020
2440:Voyager 2
2433:Voyager 1
2369:Curiosity
2313:operating
2311:Currently
2293:Ingenuity
2230:MESSENGER
2209:Sojourner
2138:Mercury 3
2128:Apollo 11
2075:Discovery
2065:Explorers
1654:Augustine
1618:Augustine
1436:Hans Mark
989:489292511
979:(Ph.D.).
901:Apollo 11
896:Joe Spano
891:Apollo 13
861:Brentwood
718:astronaut
654:Post-NASA
594:Apollo 11
430:Apollo 11
167:President
154:In office
2922:Category
2584:Canberra
2496:timeline
2484:timeline
2420:timeline
2376:timeline
2273:observed
2268:timeline
2236:Aquarius
2176:timeline
2149:Magellan
2111:missions
2009:Surveyor
1945:programs
1875:Shuttle–
1816:programs
1648:Aldridge
1567:creation
1504:Lesa Roe
993:ProQuest
960:: 53–78.
877:Panorama
871:In media
810:Citicorp
720:and the
442:Berkeley
440:Born in
260:Children
144:3rd
2934:Commons
2812:Related
2621:by year
2616:by name
2393:GOES 15
2383:GOES 14
2300:flights
2286:InSight
2242:Cassini
2170:Galileo
2095:SIMPLEx
2070:Voyager
2038:Current
1994:Pioneer
1964:Mariner
1943:Robotic
1924:Artemis
1897:Current
1840:Mercury
1832: (
1725:NASA TV
1664:General
1563:History
1178:July 6,
1070:13 July
1048:13 July
724:), Dr.
692:in 1984
83:scholar
2579:Madrid
2512:Future
2427:NuSTAR
2358:THEMIS
2280:RHESSI
2217:Spirit
2014:Viking
2004:Ranger
1855:Skylab
1850:Apollo
1845:Gemini
1703:Budget
1656:(2009)
1650:(2004)
1644:(2004)
1638:(2003)
1632:(2002)
1630:CFUSAI
1626:(1996)
1620:(1990)
1614:(1989)
1608:(1987)
1602:(1986)
1600:Rogers
1596:(1986)
1590:(1958)
1584:(1958)
1578:(1915)
1554:Policy
1153:
987:
820:, the
816:, the
744:) and
716:(NASA
590:Apollo
521:Career
511:D.Eng.
501:, the
391:(1949)
389:
380:Thesis
348:Fields
308:
289:, PhD)
252:Spouse
233:, U.S.
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2524:NISAR
2479:rover
2451:MAVEN
2371:rover
2352:Swift
2263:rover
2224:LADEE
2219:rover
2211:rover
2188:GRAIL
2183:GALEX
1974:MESUR
1919:Orion
1720:NASA+
1696:Chief
1594:Paine
566:TEMPO
491:Sc.D.
487:Ph.D.
470:I-400
90:JSTOR
76:books
2503:PACE
2446:WISE
2409:Juno
2249:Dawn
2193:WMAP
2133:COBE
2121:Past
1952:Past
1830:X-15
1823:Past
1636:CAIB
1606:Ride
1576:NACA
1546:NASA
1180:2011
1151:ISBN
1138:NASA
1105:2022
1072:2012
1050:2012
985:OCLC
798:Nike
646:and
598:Moon
483:M.S.
450:A.B.
287:M.S.
278:A.B.
238:Died
214:Born
62:news
2456:MMS
1877:Mir
790:NBC
786:RCA
759:).
712:),
428:by
45:by
2952::
1168:.
1094:.
1080:^
1026:.
983:.
918:.
844:.
804:,
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796:,
792:,
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619:.
572:.
517:.
505:,
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173:,
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1159:.
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1107:.
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285:(
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80:·
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66:·
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