Thirteen Colonies - Knowledge

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and in the Dutch settlements in upstate New York. Instead there was a political system of local control that was governed by men elected in fair elections. The colonies offered a broader base than Britain or indeed any other country. Any property owner could vote for members of the lower house of the legislature. Governors were appointed in London but colonists elected the governor in Connecticut and Rhode Island. Women, children, indentured servants, and slaves were subsumed under the interest of the family head and did not have a vote or a voice. Indians and free blacks were politically outside the system and usually could not vote. Voters were required to hold an "interest" in society; as the South Carolina legislature said in 1716, "it is necessary and reasonable, that none but such persons will have an interest in the Province should be capable to elect members of the Commons House of Assembly". The main legal criterion for having an "interest" was ownership of real estate. In Britain, 19 out of 20 men were controlled politically by their landlords. London insisted on this requirement for the colonies, telling governors to exclude from the ballot men who were not freeholders—that is, those who did not own land. However, in most places good farmland was cheap and so widely owned that 50% to 80% of the men were eligible to vote.

58: 4439:(New York) in 1664. The colonies were captive markets for British industry, and the goal was to enrich the mother country. Colonial commodities were shipped on British ships to the mother country where Britain sold them to Europe reaping the benefits of the export trade. Finished goods were manufactured in Britain and sold in the colonies, or imported by Britain for retail to the colonies, profiting the mother country. Like other New World colonial empires, the British empire's commodity production was dependent on slave labor; as observed in 1720s Britain, "all this great increase in our treasure proceeds chiefly from the labour of negroes" in Britain's colonies. 3301: 441: 65: 4389:

families, friends, and neighbors. Election day brought in all the men from the countryside to the county seat or town center to make merry, politick, shake hands with the grandees, meet old friends, and hear the speeches—all the while toasting, eating, treating, tippling, and gambling. They voted by shouting their choice to the clerk, as supporters cheered or booed. In Virginia candidate George Washington spent £39 for treats for his supporters. The candidates knew that they had to "swill the planters with bumbo" (rum). Elections were carnivals where all men were equal for one day and traditional restraints were relaxed.

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distinguishing it from servitude and other forms of unfree status, which lasted only for a term of years. Second...slave status was made hereditable through the mother. In so providing, the American colonies reversed the common-law rule that personal status followed the condition of the father.... The third fundamental statutory characteristic of American slavery was racial identification....The fourth and most troublesome of the elements of slavery for colonial legislators was the precise legal status of a slave as property.... southern jurisdictions ...settled on the legal definition of a slave as a "chattel personal."

14484: 109: 4309:(i.e., delay) and dissolve the assembly. The assembly's role was to make all local laws and ordinances, ensuring that they were not inconsistent with the laws of Britain. In practice, this did not always occur, since many of the provincial assemblies sought to expand their powers and limit those of the governor and crown. Laws could be examined by the British Privy Council or Board of Trade, which also held veto power of legislation. New Hampshire, New York, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia were crown colonies. Massachusetts became a crown colony at the end of the 17th century. 490: 3402: 2174: 4431:

in order to maximize exports from and minimize imports to the realm. The government had to fight smuggling—which became a favorite American technique in the 18th century to circumvent the restrictions on trading with the French, Spanish or Dutch. The tactic used by mercantilism was to run trade surpluses, so that gold and silver would pour into London. The government took its share through duties and taxes, with the remainder going to merchants in Britain. The government spent much of its revenue on a superb

14472: 11722: 4207: 3349:, which greatly restricted self-government in the colony of Massachusetts. These laws also allowed British military commanders to claim colonial homes for the quartering of soldiers, regardless of whether the American civilians were willing or not to have soldiers in their homes. The laws further revoked colonial rights to hold trials in cases involving soldiers or crown officials, forcing such trials to be held in England rather than in America. Parliament also sent 4323:, giving the grantees control of the land and the powers of legislative government. The charters provided a fundamental constitution and divided powers among legislative, executive, and judicial functions, with those powers being vested in officials. Massachusetts, Providence Plantation, Rhode Island, Warwick, and Connecticut were charter colonies. The Massachusetts charter was revoked in 1684 and was replaced by a provincial charter that was issued in 1691. 9525: 8909: 1898: 1859: 3051:

particularly in the Caribbean. The colonists traded foodstuffs, wood, tobacco, and various other resources for Asian tea, West Indian coffee, and West Indian sugar, among other items. American Indians far from the Atlantic coast supplied the Atlantic market with beaver fur and deerskins. America had an advantage in natural resources and established its own thriving shipbuilding industry, and many American merchants engaged in the transatlantic trade.

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long-lasting two-faction systems that held together for years at the colony level, but they did not reach into local affairs. The factions were based on the personalities of a few leaders and an array of family connections, and they had little basis in policy or ideology. Elsewhere the political scene was in a constant whirl, based on personality rather than long-lived factions or serious disputes on issues.

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1770 and 1775 3,900 Irish Catholics arrived out of almost 45,000 white immigrants (7,000 English, 15,000 Scots, 13,200 Scots-Irish, 5,200 Germans). Most Catholics were English Recusants, Germans, Irish, or blacks; half lived in Maryland, with large populations also in New York and Pennsylvania. Presbyterians were chiefly immigrants from Scotland and Ulster who favored the back-country and frontier districts.

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70 or 80 percent of all white men were enfranchised. Yet there were also locales...where the percentages were far lower, closer to 40 or 50 percent....On the whole, the franchise was far more widespread than it was in England, yet as the revolution approached, the rate of property ownership was falling, and the proportion of adult white males who were eligible to vote was probably less than 60 percent.

4476: 3187:, which benefited the American cause during the Revolution. Also, colonial legislatures and officials had to cooperate intensively in pursuit of the continent-wide military effort. The relations were not always positive between the British military establishment and the colonists, setting the stage for later distrust and dislike of British troops. 3163:. Previous colonial wars in North America had started in Europe and then spread to the colonies, but the French and Indian War is notable for having started in North America and spread to Europe. One of the primary causes of the war was increasing competition between Britain and France, especially in the Great Lakes and Ohio valley. 3241:

the most heavily taxed of any in Europe, pointed out angrily that the colonists paid little to the royal coffers. The colonists replied that their sons had fought and died in a war that served European interests more than their own. This dispute was a link in the chain of events that soon brought about the American Revolution.

2780:. The operation was led by former members of the Dutch West India Company, including Peter Minuit. New Sweden established extensive trading contacts with English colonies to the south and shipped much of the tobacco produced in Virginia. The colony was conquered by the Dutch in 1655, while Sweden was engaged in the 2620: 2752:. Relatively few Dutch settled in New Netherland, but the colony came to dominate the regional fur trade. It also served as the base for extensive trade with the English colonies, and many products from New England and Virginia were carried to Europe on Dutch ships. The Dutch also engaged in the burgeoning 4427:, where all trade was concentrated inside the Empire, and trade with other empires was forbidden. The goal was to enrich Britain—its merchants and its government. Whether the policy was good for the colonists was not an issue in London, but Americans became increasingly restive with mercantilist policies. 2830:. The main population elements included the Quaker population based in Philadelphia, a Scotch-Irish population on the Western frontier, and numerous German colonies in between. Philadelphia became the largest city in the colonies with its central location, excellent port, and a population of about 30,000. 4667:, which American lawyers and jurists understood, approved of, and used in their everyday practice. Historians have examined how the rising American legal profession adapted the British common law to incorporate republicanism by selective revision of legal customs and by introducing more choice for courts. 4077:

According to Patricia Bonomi, "early Americans in all sections lived not in a spiritual desert but in a world where religion formed a key component of their mental landscape." Protestantism was the predominant religious affiliation in the Thirteen Colonies. There were also a few Catholics in Maryland

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and 2% Huguenot French and other minorities. Over 90% were farmers, with several small cities that were also seaports linking the colonial economy to the larger British Empire. These populations continued to grow at a rapid rate during the late 18th and early 19th centuries, primarily because of high

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The war also increased a sense of American unity in other ways. It caused men to travel across the continent who might otherwise have never left their own colony, fighting alongside men from decidedly different backgrounds who were nonetheless still American. Throughout the course of the war, British

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A small proportion of the English population migrated to America after 1700, but the colonies attracted new immigrants from other European countries. These immigrants traveled to all of the colonies, but the Middle Colonies attracted the most and continued to be more ethnically diverse than the other

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Improved economic conditions and easing of religious persecution in Europe made it more difficult to recruit labor to the colonies, and many colonies became increasingly reliant on slave labor, particularly in the South. The population of slaves in America grew dramatically between 1680 and 1750, and

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The British American colonies became part of the global British trading network, as the value tripled for exports from America to Britain between 1700 and 1754. The colonists were restricted in trading with other European powers, but they found profitable trade partners in the other British colonies,

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proposed that the area south of the Carolinas be colonized with the "worthy poor" of England to provide an alternative to the overcrowded debtors' prisons. Oglethorpe and other English philanthropists secured a royal charter as the Trustees of the colony of Georgia on June 9, 1732. Oglethorpe and his

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cause, but their geographical isolation and the dominance of British naval power precluded any effective participation. The British crown had only recently acquired several of those lands, and many of the issues facing the Thirteen Colonies did not apply to them, especially in the case of Quebec and

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Settlers did not come to the American colonies with the intention of creating a democratic system; yet they quickly created a broad electorate. The 13 colonies had no hereditary aristocrats as in Europe. There were no rich gentry who owned all the farmland and rented it out to tenants, as in England

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The provincial colony was governed by commissions created at the pleasure of the king. A governor and his council were appointed by the crown. The governor was invested with general executive powers and authorized to call a locally elected assembly. The governor's council would sit as an upper house

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and brought in fellow Catholics from England. Catholics were about 1.6% of the population or 40,000 in 1775. Of the 200–250,000 Irish who came to the Colonies between 1701 and 1775 less than 20,000 were Catholic, many of whom hid their faith or lapsed because of prejudice and discrimination. Between

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in September 1774. In the aftermath of the Intolerable Acts, the delegates asserted that the colonies owed allegiance only to the king; they would accept royal governors as agents of the king, but they were no longer willing to recognize Parliament's right to pass legislation affecting the colonies.

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Mercantilism meant that the government and the merchants became partners with the goal of increasing political power and private wealth, to the exclusion of other empires. The government protected its merchants—and kept others out—by trade barriers, regulations, and subsidies to domestic industries

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The right to vote had always been extraordinarily widespread—at least among adult white males--even before the country gained its independence....Enfranchisement varied greatly by location. There certainly were communities, particularly newly settled communities where land was inexpensive, in which

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With the exception of the College of William and Mary, these institutions were all located in New England and the Middle Colonies. The southern colonies held the belief that the family had the responsibility of educating their children, mirroring the common belief in Europe. Wealthy families either

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By the time of the Revolution, each of the mainland colonies had at least the rudiments of a statutory law of slavery...and nine of them had fairly elaborate slave codes that specified four basic legal characteristics of American slavery. First, the statutes defined slavery as a lifetime condition,

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William Pitt the Elder had decided to wage the war in the colonies with the use of troops from the colonies and tax funds from Britain itself. This was a successful wartime strategy but, after the war was over, each side believed that it had borne a greater burden than the other. The British elite,

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After 1680, the imperial government in London took an increasing interest in the affairs of the colonies, which were growing rapidly in population and wealth. In 1680, only Virginia was a royal colony; by 1720, half were under the control of royal governors. These governors were appointees closely

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was legal and practiced in all of the Thirteen Colonies. In most places, it involved house servants or farm workers. It was of economic importance in the export-oriented tobacco plantations of Virginia and Maryland and on the rice and indigo plantations of South Carolina. About 287,000 slaves were

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feared a confrontation with the colonists; he requested reinforcements from Britain, but the British government was not willing to pay for the expense of stationing tens of thousands of soldiers in the Thirteen Colonies. Gage was instead ordered to seize Patriot arsenals. He dispatched a force to

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was appointed governor of the entire province. From that time until 1708, the northern and southern settlements remained under one government. However, during this period, the two halves of the province began increasingly to be known as North Carolina and South Carolina, as the descendants of the

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The British renamed the colony of New Amsterdam to "York City" or "New York". Large numbers of Dutch remained in the colony, dominating the rural areas between Manhattan and Albany, while people from New England started moving in as well as immigrants from Germany. New York City attracted a large

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Voting was voluntary and typically about half the men eligible to vote turned out on election day. Turnout was usually higher in Pennsylvania and New York, where long-standing factions based on ethnic and religious groups mobilized supporters at a higher rate. New York and Rhode Island developed

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The colonial political culture emphasized deference, so that local notables were the men who ran and were chosen. But sometimes they competed with each other and had to appeal to the common man for votes. There were no political parties, and would-be legislators formed ad hoc coalitions of their

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The colonial population rose to a quarter of a million during the 17th century, and to nearly 2.5 million on the eve of the American revolution. The estimates do not include the Indian tribes outside the jurisdiction of the colonies. Good health was important for the growth of the colonies:

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in an effort to undercut the competition, and Prime Minister North's ministry hoped that this would establish a precedent of colonists accepting British taxation policies. Trouble escalated over the tea tax, as Americans in each colony boycotted the tea, and those in Boston dumped the tea in the

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to the London and Plymouth companies. The overlapping area (in yellow) was granted to both companies on the stipulation that neither found a settlement within 100 miles (160 km) of each other. The location of early settlements is shown, including Jamestown (J), Quebec (Q), Popham (Po), Port

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to the Carolinas in 1663, hoping that a new colony in the south would become profitable like Jamestown. Carolina was not settled until 1670, and even then the first attempt failed because there was no incentive for emigration to that area. Eventually, however, the Lords combined their remaining

2092:, in 1607. The New England Colonies, Maryland, and Pennsylvania, were substantially motivated by their founders' concerns related to the practice of religion. The other colonies were founded for business and economic expansion. The Middle Colonies were established on the former Dutch colony of 4266:

Most New England towns sponsored public schools for boys, but public schooling was rare elsewhere. Girls were educated at home or by small local private schools, and they had no access to college. Aspiring physicians and lawyers typically learned as apprentices to an established practitioner,

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though the colonies be thus absolutely subject to the parliament of England, the individuals of which the colony consist, may enjoy security, and freedom; there is not a single inhabitant, of the thirteen colonies, now in arms, but who may be conscious of the truth of this assertion".

3286:. Some groups of settlers disregarded the proclamation, however, and continued to move west and establish farms. The proclamation was modified and was no longer a hindrance to settlement, but the fact angered the colonists that it had been promulgated without their prior consultation. 7231:

the neoprogressives have argued that the varying material circumstances of American participants led them to hold distinctive versions of republicanism, giving the Revolution a less unified and more complex ideological underpinning than the idealistic historians had previously

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centered on the Thirteen Colonies, which attracted large numbers of settlers from Britain. The "Imperial School" in the 1900–1930s took a favorable view of the benefits of empire, emphasizing its successful economic integration. The Imperial School included such historians as

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deposed King James II; the former colonies were re-established. According to Guy Miller, the Rebellion of 1689 was the "climax of the 60-year-old struggle between the government in England and the Puritans of Massachusetts over the question of who was to rule the Bay colony."

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valley. The colonies engaged in a scramble to purchase land from Indian tribes, as the British insisted that claims to land should rest on legitimate purchases. Virginia was particularly intent on western expansion, and most of the elite Virginia families invested in the

97: 96: 4756:; the vote was restricted to free male subjects of a certain wealth measured by amount of property or extent of taxes paid, excluding the working classes, women, the enslaved, and Native Americans (Indians) from voting. Moreover, colonies, as in Britain, had varying 3055:

the growth was driven by a mixture of forced immigration and the reproduction of slaves. Slaves supported vast plantation economies in the South, while slaves in the North worked in a variety of occupations. There were a few local attempted slave revolts, such as the

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in particular took strong exception against the Stamp Act which imposed a tax on newspapers and official documents, and played a central role in disseminating literature among the colonists against such taxes and the idea of taxation without colonial representation.

4367:. This viewpoint dominated colonial historiography into the 1940s, and they emphasized and often praised the attention that London gave to all the colonies. In this view, there was never a threat (before the 1770s) that any colony would revolt or seek independence. 3730:"Fewer deaths among the young meant that a higher proportion of the population reached reproductive age, and that fact alone helps to explain why the colonies grew so rapidly." There were many other reasons for the population growth besides good health, such as the 2760:

and Brazil. The West India Company desired to grow New Netherland as it became commercially successful, yet the colony failed to attract the same level of settlement as the English colonies did. Many of those who did immigrate to the colony were English, German,

3325:. They argued that the colonies had no representation in the British Parliament, so it was a violation of their rights as Englishmen for taxes to be imposed upon them. Parliament rejected the colonial protests and asserted its authority by passing new taxes. 3001:

compatriots hoped to establish a utopian colony that banned slavery and recruited only the most worthy settlers, but by 1750 the colony remained sparsely populated. The proprietors gave up their charter in 1752, at which point Georgia became a crown colony.

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The shock of Britain's defeat in 1783 caused a radical revision of British policies on colonialism, thereby producing what historians call the end of the First British Empire, even though Britain still controlled Canada and some islands in the West Indies.

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New Netherland with 17th-century Dutch claims in areas that later became English colonies shown in red and yellow. Present U.S. states are shown in gray. Four British colonies, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, are referred to as the middle

2649:, a joint-stock company looking for gold. Its first years were extremely difficult, with very high death rates from disease and starvation, wars with local Indians, and little gold. The colony survived and flourished by turning to tobacco as a cash crop. 6981: 4628:

Much of the historiography concerns the reasons why the Americans rebelled in the 1770s and successfully broke away. Since the 1960s, the mainstream of historiography has emphasized the growth of American consciousness and nationalism and the colonial

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when the assembly was in session, in addition to its role in advising the governor. Assemblies were made up of representatives elected by the freeholders and planters (landowners) of the province. The governor had the power of absolute veto and could

2945:. Massachusetts absorbed these small settlements when it made significant land claims in the 1640s and 1650s, but New Hampshire was eventually given a separate charter in 1679. Maine remained a part of Massachusetts until achieving statehood in 1820. 2925:

and others established a settlement near Providence Plantations which they called Shawomet. However, Massachusetts Bay attempted to seize the land and put it under their own authority, so Gorton travelled to London to gain a charter from the King.

4004:. The great majority went to sugar colonies in the Caribbean and to Brazil, where life expectancy was short and the numbers had to be continually replenished. By the mid-18th century, life expectancy was much higher in the American colonies. 2122:(1754–1763) against France and its Indian allies led to growing tensions between Britain and the 13 colonies. During the 1750s, the colonies began collaborating with one another instead of dealing directly with Britain. With the help of 4662:

The ideological approach centers on republicanism in the Thirteen Colonies. The ideas of republicanism dictated that the United States would have no royalty or aristocracy or national church. They did permit continuation of the British

2248:. The Dutch, Swedish, and French also established successful American colonies at roughly the same time as the English, but they eventually came under the English crown. The Thirteen Colonies were complete with the establishment of the 4214:

Higher education was available for young men in the north, and most students were aspiring Protestant ministers. Nine institutions of higher education were chartered during the colonial era. These colleges, known collectively as the

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remained loyal to the British crown throughout the war (although Spain reacquired Florida as the war was ending, and in 1821 sold it to the United States). Several of the other colonies evinced a certain degree of sympathy with the

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separatists who felt that they needed to distance themselves physically from the Church of England, which they perceived as corrupted. They initially moved to the Netherlands, but eventually sailed to America in 1620 on the

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The population figures are estimates by historians; they do not include the Indian tribes outside the jurisdiction of the colonies. They do include Indians living under colonial control, as well as slaves and indentured

3532:. The committee, in turn, asked Jefferson to author the first draft, which Jefferson largely wrote in isolation between June 11, 1776, and June 28, 1776, from the second floor of a three-story home he was renting at 700 4782:

The States of: New Hampshire; Massachusetts bay; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations; Connecticut; New York; New Jersey; Pennsylvania; Delaware; Maryland; Virginia; North Carolina; South Carolina; Georgia (see

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The British were left with large debts following the French and Indian War, so British leaders decided to increase taxation and control of the Thirteen Colonies. They imposed several new taxes, beginning with the

2880:; many died soon after arrival, but the others found a healthy climate and an ample food supply. The Plymouth and Massachusetts Bay colonies together spawned other Puritan colonies in New England, including the 2985:

colony's proprietors fought over the direction of the colony. The colonists of Charles Town finally deposed their governor and elected their own government. This marked the start of separate governments in the

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decided that major military resources needed to be devoted to North America in order to win the war against France. For the first time, the continent became one of the main theaters of what could be termed a

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and a new charter was issued in 1663, making it a proprietary colony. The Carolina province was divided into separate proprietary colonies, north and south in 1712, before both became royal colonies in 1729.

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The colonies were independent of one other before 1774; indeed, all the colonies began as separate and unique settlements or plantations. Further, efforts had failed to form a colonial union through the

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parishes in the South were under the control of local vestries and had public functions such as repair of the roads and relief of the poor. After 1700 the vestry no longer dominated the minister.

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By 1774, colonists still hoped to remain part of the British Empire, but discontentment was widespread concerning British rule throughout the Thirteen Colonies. Colonists elected delegates to the

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assisted him in gaining the charter, so he changed the name of the settlement to Warwick. Roger Williams secured a Royal Charter from the King in 1663 which united all four settlements into the

11976: 4054:. From 1770 until 1860, the rate of natural growth of North American slaves was much greater than for the population of any nation in Europe, and was nearly twice as rapid as that in England. 11468: 12696: 13188: 4102:, and was the established religious affiliation in Massachusetts and Connecticut into the 19th century. In practice, this meant that tax revenues were allocated to church expenses. The 14534: 1966:

during the 17th and 18th centuries. Grievances against the imperial government led the 13 colonies to begin uniting in 1774, and expelling British officials by 1775. Assembled at the

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The British and colonists triumphed jointly over a common foe. The colonists' loyalty to the mother country was stronger than ever before. However, disunity was beginning to form.

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watershed. Following the war, Britain gained all French territory east of the Mississippi River, including Quebec, the Great Lakes, and the Ohio River valley. Britain also gained

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which would have created a unified government of the Thirteen Colonies for coordination of defense and other matters, but the plan was rejected by the leaders of most colonies.

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However, the colonists took pains to argue that they did not oppose British regulation of their external trade; they only opposed legislation that affected them internally.

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As the 18th century progressed, colonists began to settle far from the Atlantic coast. Pennsylvania, Virginia, Connecticut, and Maryland all laid claim to the land in the

3470:, assembled in the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia, began recruiting soldiers for the Revolutionary War against the British, printing its own money, and appointing 12778: 9259: 3724: 12783: 8945: 7617: 402: 2664:. Calvert's father had been a prominent Catholic official who encouraged Catholic immigration to the English colonies. The charter offered no guidelines on religion. 12878: 12218: 12088: 9980: 1198: 750: 10237: 5034:

so in this Country we have Thirteen Colonies at least severally govern'd by their respective Commanders in Chief, according to their peculiar Laws and Constitutions

11473: 9362: 2960:. In 1688, the colonies of New York, West Jersey, and East Jersey were added to the dominion. Andros was overthrown and the dominion was closed in 1689, after the 108: 4072: 13468: 12348: 9356: 5388: 4312:

Proprietary colonies were governed much as royal colonies, except that lord proprietors appointed the governor rather than the king. They were set up after the

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used tutors and governesses from Britain or sent children to school in England. By the 1700s, university students based in the colonies began to act as tutors.

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Parliament had directly levied duties and excise taxes on the colonies, bypassing the colonial legislatures, and Americans began to insist on the principle of "

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had a population of more than 16,000, which was small by European standards. By 1770, the economic output of the Thirteen Colonies made up forty percent of the

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of 1660 and typically enjoyed greater civil and religious liberty. Pennsylvania (which included Delaware), New Jersey, and Maryland were proprietary colonies.

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were well established in Pennsylvania, where they controlled the governorship and the legislature for many years. Quakers were also numerous in Rhode Island.

14549: 14514: 13244: 12811: 12701: 11226: 10694: 10541: 4255:. The College of William & Mary and Queen's College later became public institutions while the other institutions account for seven of the eight private 1488: 4435:, which not only protected the British colonies but threatened the colonies of the other empires, and sometimes seized them. Thus the British Navy captured 3365:

Most delegates opposed an attack on the British position in Boston, and the Continental Congress instead agreed to the imposition of a boycott known as the

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According to the United States Historical Census Data Base (USHCDB), the ethnic populations in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, and 1775 were:

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its commander, made treaties, declared independence, and recommended that the colonies write constitutions and become states, later enumerated in the 1777

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Historians before the 1880s emphasized American nationalism. However, scholarship after that time was heavily influenced by the "Imperial school" led by

3540:. Considering Congress's busy schedule, Jefferson probably had limited time for writing over these 17 days, and he likely wrote his first draft quickly. 1224: 1214: 4769:

The number 13 is mentioned as early as 1720. This includes Carolina as a single colony and does not include Georgia, but instead counts Nova Scotia and

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and "during the last war, no part of his majesty's dominions contained a greater proportion of faithful subjects than the Thirteen Colonies." (p. 136)

12718: 12505: 11438: 10306: 8380: 4336: 4166: 2931: 2400: 2014: 1862: 13210: 13183: 12500: 4418: 3012:. More than 90 percent of the colonists lived as farmers, though some seaports also flourished. In 1760, the cities of Philadelphia, New York, and 2877: 1415: 1045: 994: 57: 10194: 4531:

Besides the grouping that became known as the "thirteen colonies", Britain in the late-18th century had another dozen colonial possessions in the

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imported into the Thirteen Colonies over a period of 160 years, or 2% of the estimated 12 million taken from Africa to the Americas via the

1055: 871: 4432: 3369:. The boycott proved effective and the value of British imports dropped dramatically. The Thirteen Colonies became increasingly divided between 14519: 13366: 12284: 11771: 11428: 8938: 6324:

William M. Wiecek, “The Statutory Law of Slavery and Race in the Thirteen Mainland Colonies of British America.” The William and Mary Quarterly

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The first British Empire was largely destroyed by the loss of the American colonies, followed by a "swing to the east" and the foundation of a

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Other colonists settled to the north, mingling with adventurers and profit-oriented settlers to establish more religiously diverse colonies in

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The colonies were religiously diverse, with different Protestant denominations brought by British, German, Dutch, and other immigrants. The

13198: 12795: 12611: 12552: 12135: 12093: 11849: 11844: 11839: 11834: 11829: 11824: 11819: 11814: 11809: 11804: 9265: 6749: 4717: 4692: 4276: 2993:. In 1729, the king formally revoked Carolina's colonial charter and established both North Carolina and South Carolina as crown colonies. 2115: 1085: 1025: 910: 849: 827: 794: 761: 706: 662: 640: 607: 574: 541: 14322: 14165: 14060: 13805: 13543: 12663: 12574: 12316: 12301: 12183: 11463: 11387: 10876: 10815: 8298: 3751: 3233:. In removing a major foreign threat to the thirteen colonies, the war also largely removed the colonists' need for colonial protection. 1879: 1836: 1204: 966: 14148: 13663: 13658: 13648: 13021: 12750: 11998: 11610: 11418: 11124: 10327: 9672: 8975: 8625: 8619: 3209:, France formally ceded to Britain the eastern part of its vast North American empire, having secretly given to Spain the territory of 3078:. Protestant Germans also immigrated in large numbers, particularly to Pennsylvania. In the 1740s, the Thirteen Colonies underwent the 1534: 1479: 1452: 1030: 131: 11216: 14539: 14524: 14317: 14260: 14153: 13982: 13424: 11927: 11292: 10699: 10000: 9923: 9528: 9118: 8931: 3529: 3499: 2795:

captured the lightly defended New Amsterdam in 1664, and his subordinates quickly captured the remainder of New Netherland. The 1667

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On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress unanimously adopted and issued the Declaration as a letter of grievances to King

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west of the Mississippi River the previous year. Before the war, Britain held the thirteen American colonies, most of present-day

14270: 14243: 14202: 14197: 14170: 14100: 13987: 13783: 13590: 13178: 13002: 12900: 12532: 11003: 10689: 2512:, established in 1674; merged with East Jersey to re-form Province of New Jersey in 1702; included in the Dominion of New England 2506:, established in 1674; merged with West Jersey to re-form Province of New Jersey in 1702; included in the Dominion of New England 2380: 1826: 1447: 1050: 1009: 980: 6191: 6166:

Boyer, Paul S.; Clark, Clifford E.; Halttunen, Karen; Kett, Joseph F.; Salisbury, Neal; Sitkoff, Harvard; Woloch, Nancy (2013).

14371: 14080: 13763: 13668: 13498: 13446: 13407: 12974: 12969: 12823: 12760: 12713: 12691: 12656: 12311: 12167: 11423: 11206: 10881: 10271: 10050: 9382: 8261: 3267: 2123: 1113: 952: 937: 11711: 4446:, which Americans avoided as often as they could. The royal officials responded to smuggling with open-ended search warrants ( 14187: 14075: 13945: 13849: 13758: 13682: 13227: 13193: 12208: 12198: 12193: 12051: 12046: 11910: 11875: 11382: 10674: 9929: 9622: 8851: 8234: 7395: 6546: 5439: 5349: 5124: 4987: 4722: 4697: 4677: 3991: 3152:

and other territories. In the aftermath of the war, both the British and French sought to expand into the Ohio River valley.

2606: 2104: 2100: 1901: 1529: 1493: 1434: 1342: 1092: 974: 931: 739: 529: 4904: 14383: 14280: 14217: 14207: 14090: 13881: 13844: 13773: 13605: 13570: 13121: 12851: 12584: 12355: 12306: 12279: 12203: 12162: 11538: 10901: 9888: 9412: 8680: 7542: 7315: 4682: 4582: 2610: 2314: 1955: 14339: 14327: 14265: 14022: 13513: 13412: 13009: 12668: 12564: 12448: 11601: 11533: 11413: 11236: 10679: 10669: 10659: 9557: 8772: 6051:"Chapter Z: Colonial and Pre-Federal Statistics (Series Z 1-19: Estimated Population of American Colonies: 1610 to 1780)" 5616:

Richard S. Dunn, "Servants and slaves: The recruitment and employment of labor." in Jack P., Greene and J. R. Pole, eds.

3440:, but the Patriots learned about it and blocked their advance. The Patriots repulsed the British force at the April 1775 2260: 2099:

Between 1625 and 1775, the colonial population grew from 2 thousand to 2.4 million, largely displacing the region's

1889: 1376: 1131: 511: 4442:

Britain implemented mercantilism by trying to block American trade with the French, Spanish, or Dutch empires using the

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dumped thousands of pounds of tea into the water. Tensions escalated in 1774 as Parliament passed the laws known as the

14312: 14253: 14138: 14133: 14070: 13832: 13793: 13753: 13600: 13553: 13533: 13146: 12773: 12768: 12673: 12621: 12150: 11905: 11764: 11508: 10896: 10871: 10805: 10730: 10654: 9985: 9647: 9632: 8577: 7438:. The Historiography of the British Empire–Commonwealth: Trends, Interpretations and Resources. Duke University Press. 6175: 4687: 4630: 4544: 4455: 4201: 4099: 3318: 2661: 2131: 2085: 1884: 1441: 1209: 1070: 942: 31: 3416:, and colonists began to boycott imported British merchandise. Later in 1774, 12 colonies sent representatives to the 14354: 14334: 14285: 14275: 14143: 14065: 14042: 14002: 13866: 13856: 13733: 13708: 13615: 13595: 13073: 12863: 12589: 11971: 11560: 11304: 10455: 8883: 8810: 8201: 8140: 8104: 8079: 8057: 8009: 7986: 7963: 7937: 7911: 7847: 7824: 7798: 7760: 7734: 7708: 7680: 7626: 7602: 7517: 7465: 7443: 7417: 7357: 7224: 7104: 6943: 6873: 6819: 6743: 6690: 6583: 6519: 6494: 6469: 6444: 6366: 6309: 6284: 6099: 5858: 5832: 4879: 4702: 3167: 1108: 1098: 499: 11211: 4050:

The numbers grew rapidly through a very high birth rate and low mortality rate, reaching nearly four million by the

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An Enquiry, Whether the Guilt of the Present Civil War in America, Ought to be Imputed to Great Britain Or America

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of the colonists. He lost the case, but John Adams later wrote, "Then and there the child Independence was born."

3175:. During the war, it became increasingly apparent to American colonists that they were under the authority of the 2803:

and confirmed English control of the region. The Dutch briefly regained control of parts of New Netherland in the

2084:

The Thirteen Colonies had similar political, constitutional, and legal systems, and each was largely dominated by

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The northern and southern sections of the Carolina colony operated more or less independently until 1691 when

2126:, these inter-colonial activities and concerns were shared and led to calls for protection of the colonists' " 14128: 13992: 13908: 13839: 13810: 13748: 13638: 13610: 13254: 12626: 12519: 11757: 11094: 11053: 10385: 10019: 9935: 9908: 8410: 8259:"WWW-VL: HISTORY: USA: COLONIAL ERA" links to hundreds of primary and secondary documents, maps, and articles 4569: 3455:

hosted a convention of delegates for the Thirteen Colonies. It raised an army to fight the British and named

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Revising Custom, Embracing Choice: Early American Legal Scholars and the Republicanization of the Common Law

2756:, bringing some enslaved Africans to the English colonies in North America, although many more were sent to 14423: 14416: 14349: 14212: 14095: 14017: 14007: 13861: 13822: 13778: 13738: 13695: 13643: 13575: 13548: 13508: 13486: 13295: 13109: 13056: 12989: 12846: 12802: 12730: 12651: 12569: 12380: 12244: 12073: 11981: 11789: 11691: 11488: 11309: 9918: 9659: 9314: 8985: 7508: 6646: 4224: 3533: 2862: 2808: 2614: 1387: 1361: 1347: 1317: 1307: 1258: 1184: 717: 477: 4659:

approach looks at community social structure to find issues that became magnified into colonial cleavages.

4636:

Historians in recent decades have mostly used one of three approaches to analyze the American Revolution:

3104:; land held by the British before 1763 is shown in red and land gained by Britain in 1763 is shown in pink 14344: 14295: 14110: 14012: 13935: 13817: 13713: 13538: 13523: 13461: 13096: 13051: 12858: 12740: 12594: 11518: 10886: 10835: 10586: 10465: 10345: 10179: 9965: 9706: 8716: 4294: 3467: 3425: 3060: 2228:

in 1607, the first permanently settled English colony on the continent. The Plymouth Company founded the

1967: 1811: 1705: 1278: 1268: 11221: 10536: 8692: 14504: 14450: 14248: 14118: 13950: 13930: 13918: 13728: 13718: 13400: 13305: 12918: 12908: 12435: 12430: 12420: 12415: 11937: 11523: 10948: 10800: 10602: 9945: 9796: 9741: 9580: 8912: 8422: 8416: 8284: 7090: 5382:"Salmon and Steelhead Runs and Related Events of the Sandy River Basin – A Historical Perspective" 4613: 4240: 3551: 3417: 3406: 3386: 3357: 3275: 3137: 2990: 2986: 2689: 2567:, previously part of the Carolina province (see below) until 1712; chartered as a royal colony in 1729. 2564: 2561:, previously part of the Carolina province (see below) until 1712; chartered as a royal colony in 1729. 2558: 2403: 2245: 2150: 2058: 2054: 1983: 1407: 1392: 1252: 407: 237: 11231: 10963: 7053: 4931:"'No Religious Test Shall Ever Be Required': Reflections on the Bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution" 2581:

was initially chartered in 1629 and initial settlements were established after 1651. That charter was

2373:, established in 1629; merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1641; chartered as royal colony in 1679 13827: 13133: 12938: 12933: 12495: 11949: 11282: 11272: 11154: 10576: 10561: 10375: 10266: 10215: 10060: 10010: 9857: 9721: 9665: 8698: 8522: 8362: 8096: 8026: 4051: 3460: 3128:, a Spanish city in South America. The war against Spain merged into a broader conflict known as the 2938: 2892:

colonies. During the 17th century, the New Haven and Saybrook colonies were absorbed by Connecticut.

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was the second attempted English settlement south of Virginia, the first being the failed attempt at

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for the purpose of establishing permanent settlements in America. The London Company established the

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was their main leader. After its founding, other settlers traveled from England to join the colony.

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polyglot population, including a large black slave population. In 1674, the proprietary colonies of

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A century of population growth from the first census of the United States to the twelfth, 1790–1900

7808: 7559: 7120:

Tyrrell, Ian (1999). "Making Nations/Making States: American Historians in the Context of Empire".

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The French and Indian War took on a new significance for the British North American colonists when

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The population of the Thirteen Colonies grew immensely in the 18th century. According to historian

2869: 2726: 2517: 2416: 2362: 2034: 1785: 1690: 1650: 1245: 11641: 6274: 3008:, the population was 1.5 million in 1750, which represented four-fifths of the population of 2490:, established as a proprietary colony in 1664; chartered as royal colony in 1686; included in the 13434: 13170: 12928: 11895: 11594: 11498: 11058: 10725: 10612: 10355: 9950: 9847: 9751: 9679: 8565: 8547: 7839: 7612: 7590: 6898: 6801: 4518: 3366: 3005: 2953: 2646: 2491: 2456: 2352: 2259:

In London, beginning in 1660, all colonies were governed through a state department known as the

1750: 1740: 1735: 1715: 306: 10184: 6730: 6058:

Bicentennial Edition: Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970, Part 2

5870:

Holton, Woody (1994). "The Ohio Indians and the coming of the American Revolution in Virginia".

3148:. However, many colonists were angered when Britain returned Louisbourg to France in return for 3067:

colonies. Numerous settlers immigrated from Ireland, both Catholic and Protestant—particularly "

64: 14432: 13886: 13236: 13046: 13026: 12828: 12683: 12478: 12425: 12410: 12254: 11942: 11681: 11626: 11548: 11277: 10845: 10607: 10070: 10040: 9612: 9473: 8875: 8778: 8392: 8040: 7718: 7700: 7672: 6919:

The Great Frontier War: Britain, France, and the Imperial Struggle for North America, 1607–1755

4652:. It tends to integrate the historiographies of the American Revolution and the British Empire. 4360: 4324: 4162: 3868: 3559: 3437: 3353:

to serve as Governor of Massachusetts and as the commander of British forces in North America.

3237: 3210: 3206: 3113: 3017: 2974: 2800: 2796: 2497: 2030: 1995: 1994:. Defeating British armies with French help, the Thirteen Colonies gained sovereignty with the 1852: 1831: 1665: 1580: 1524: 596: 332: 71: 7563: 7214: 6863: 6008: 5455:

Miller, Guy Howard (1968). "Rebellion in Zion: The Overthrow of the Dominion of New England".

5027: 4405:. The thirteen all had well-established systems of self-government and elections based on the 4293:. These governments were all subordinate to the British monarch with no representation in the 3405:

A map of the Thirteen Colonies (in red) and nearby colonial areas (1763–1775) just before the

14464: 14085: 13768: 12883: 12440: 12405: 12400: 12343: 12326: 12056: 11701: 11686: 11579: 11513: 11298: 11008: 10820: 10515: 10470: 10435: 10365: 10350: 10286: 10035: 9975: 9852: 9010: 8722: 8656: 8571: 8226: 8157: 7857: 7816: 7790: 7726: 7528: 7279: 7094: 6221: 6012: 5849: 5051: 4905:"Winning the Vote: A History of Voting Rights – Gilder Lehrman Institute of American History" 4621: 4489: 4475: 4332: 4189: 4130: 4095: 3283: 3279: 3156: 3101: 3091: 3079: 3009: 2857:, by which they bound themselves together as a united community, thus establishing the small 2804: 2693: 2586: 2436: 2430: 2326: 2119: 1700: 1695: 1570: 1296: 860: 805: 783: 293: 6084: 5429: 4859: 2111:, in which the central government administered its colonies for Britain's economic benefit. 489: 14488: 14437: 13565: 13439: 13330: 12708: 12140: 12120: 12068: 12018: 11959: 11890: 11363: 11314: 10415: 10410: 10400: 10146: 9898: 9893: 9642: 9195: 9138: 9124: 9022: 8792: 8740: 8613: 8535: 8398: 8368: 8318: 7903: 7048: 5162: 4784: 4588: 4552: 4406: 4122: 4001: 3521: 3452: 3255: 3179:, as British military and civilian officials took on an increased presence in their lives. 3133: 2753: 2668: 2657: 2578: 2552: 2487: 2356: 2284: 2187: 2142: 2127: 2046: 2026: 2002: 1911: 1790: 1755: 1660: 1635: 1332: 1322: 629: 618: 563: 8270: 8: 13977: 13893: 13703: 13419: 13104: 12735: 11932: 11676: 11555: 11201: 10958: 10581: 10460: 10440: 10425: 10405: 10390: 10161: 9960: 9690: 9594: 9376: 9221: 9207: 9109: 9091: 9028: 9004: 8998: 8867: 8728: 8595: 8468: 8428: 8328: 7947: 7921: 7690: 7662: 6575: 4770: 4540: 4536: 4313: 4306: 4236: 3413: 3295: 3160: 3125: 2961: 2949: 2899: 2781: 2653: 2638: 2570: 2536: 2310: 2253: 2252:

in 1732, although the term "Thirteen Colonies" became current only in the context of the

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The Spirit of 'Seventy-Six: The Story of the American Revolution as told by Participants

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Map of higher education in the 13 Colonies immediately prior to the American Revolution.

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The Long Argument: English Puritanism and the Shaping of New England Culture, 1570–1700

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Heinemann, Ronald L.; Kolp, John G.; Parent, Anthony S. Jr.; Shade, William G. (2008).

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Voting in Provincial America: A Study of Elections in the Thirteen Colonies, 1689–1776

6682:

Voting in Provincial America: A Study of Elections in the Thirteen Colonies, 1689–1776

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New Netherland in a nutshell: a concise history of the Dutch colony in North America.

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Atlantic Transformations: Empire, Politics, and Slavery during the Nineteenth Century

4645: 4597: 4593: 4402: 4356: 4352: 4252: 4232: 4216: 4118: 4087: 3944: 3788: 3537: 3513: 3505: 3471: 3456: 3322: 3310: 3259: 3195: 3184: 3159:(1754–1763) was the American extension of the general European conflict known as the 3068: 2942: 2873: 2854: 2722: 2676: 2530: 2348: 2205: 2042: 1975: 1907: 1730: 1685: 1625: 1600: 1555: 1498: 517: 89: 8258: 6152: 5603:

Jacob M. Price, "The Transatlantic Economy" in Jack P., Greene and J. R. Pole, eds.

2729:

established permanent settlements on the Hudson River, creating the Dutch colony of

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established in 1639 after a disagreement and split among the settlers in Portsmouth

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The Poor Indians: British Missionaries, Native Americans, and Colonial Sensibility

5156: 3562:, Britain officially recognized the independence of the United States of America. 3300: 14476: 13585: 13361: 13259: 13031: 12331: 12264: 12033: 11954: 11900: 11671: 11656: 11503: 11048: 10988: 10953: 10943: 10340: 10261: 10189: 10134: 10045: 10014: 9970: 9903: 9862: 9822: 9811: 9781: 9425: 9174: 8828: 8746: 8704: 8668: 8510: 8492: 8480: 8386: 8343: 8323: 8265: 8220: 8165: 8118: 8044: 8030: 7867: 7861: 7771: 7497: 7385: 7329: 7301: 7014: 6988: 6788: 6680: 6612: 5822: 5339: 5114: 4732: 4605: 4532: 4470: 4451: 4443: 4398: 4248: 4228: 4220: 4142: 4134: 3996: 3844: 3836: 3742: 3536:

in Philadelphia, now called the Declaration House and within walking distance of

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Smith, Daniel Scott (1972). "The Demographic History of Colonial New England".

5208:

The Colony of New Netherland: A Dutch Settlement in Seventeenth-Century America

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as commander of Patriot militias. Those from New England that had launched the

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between Britain and Spain. Hundreds of North Americans volunteered for Admiral

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Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia

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History of religion in the United States § Before the American Revolution

2597:

was established in 1585, re-established in 1587, and found abandoned in 1590.

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Ratcliffe, Donald. "The right to vote and the rise of democracy, 1787–1828."

6883: 6868:. Whitefish, Montana: Kessinger Publishing Legacy Reprint. pp. 204–211. 6776:

Donald Ratcliffe, "The right to vote and the rise of democracy, 1787—1828."

6556: 6345:

Under the cope of heaven: Religion, society, and politics in colonial America

5134: 4997: 4954: 4436: 3738: 3525: 3117: 2957: 2922: 2766: 2749: 2685: 2680: 2440: 2336: 2305:, drawn by the English colonial governor, explorer, artist, and cartographer 2244:

in 1620 which was settled by English Puritan separatists, known today as the

2229: 1991: 1963: 459: 7333: 7325: 6829: 6222:"U.S. Federal Census: United States Federal Census : US Federal Census" 5908:

Political Representation in England and the Origins of the American Republic

5842: 5431:

The Glorious Revolution in America: Documents on the Colonial Crisis of 1689

5359: 4866:. SUNY Series: Fernand Braudel Center Studies in Historical Social Science. 4057:

The legal status of chattel slavery has been explained by William M. Wiecek:

3412:

In response, the colonies formed bodies of elected representatives known as

3313:

was recycled to encourage the former colonies to unite against British rule.

2451:

Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut, and New Haven Colonies formed the

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Three victories and a defeat: the rise and fall of the first British Empire

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The Library of American Biography: George Calvert, the first Lord Baltimore

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closed the legislatures and consolidated the New England colonies into the

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The right to vote: the contested history of democracy in the United States

6536: 5344:(Rev. ed.). Hanover, New Hampshire: University Press of New England. 4977: 4192:

of the 1740s. Many denominations sponsored missions to the local Indians.

2619: 2088:

English-speakers. The first of the colonies, Virginia, was established at

13620: 13151: 12488: 12390: 12130: 11993: 11749: 11159: 11114: 11018: 10938: 10825: 10225: 10220: 9503: 9294: 9254: 8965: 8674: 8559: 8553: 7749:

Seeds of Discontent: The Deep Roots of the American Revolution, 1650–1750

7431: 7305: 4548: 4169:. Jews were clustered in a few port cities. The Baltimore family founded 4138: 3763:

Ethnic composition in the British American Colonies of 1700, 1755, 1775

3432: 3350: 3214: 3199: 2820: 2816: 2509: 2503: 2272: 113:

The Thirteen Colonies (shown in red) in 1775 with modern borders overlaid

6933: 6662: 6421: 5906: 5476: 4962: 4930: 4206: 3737:

By 1776, about 85% of the white population's ancestry originated in the

2876:

by creating a new, ideologically pure church in the New World. By 1640,

12483: 12289: 12115: 12110: 12028: 11319: 11084: 10998: 10866: 9878: 9837: 9617: 8798: 8754: 8187: 7141: 6381:

Joan Rezner, Gundersen, "The Myth of the Independent Virginia Vestry."

6136: 5891: 5745:

The War That Made America: A Short History of the French and Indian War

5023: 4871: 4664: 4256: 4185: 4146: 3544: 3509: 3218: 3141: 3024: 2773: 2582: 2137:

Conflicts with the British government over taxes and rights led to the

838: 684: 170: 6462:

Jonathan Dickinson and the Formative Years of American Presbyterianism

5237: 4644:

view places North American events in a broader context, including the

3096: 2713:

Beginning in 1609, Dutch traders established fur trading posts on the

2573:, established as a proprietary colony in 1732; royal colony from 1752. 13972: 13965: 11196: 9955: 9801: 8662: 7813:

Empires of the Atlantic World: Britain and Spain in America 1492–1830

4150: 4126: 3251: 3172: 2903: 2849: 2741: 2118:, and they resisted London's demands for more control over them. The 2074: 8276: 7133: 6396:

The Imperial Origins of the King's Church in Early America 1607–1783

6331: 5972:

American Insurgents, American Patriots: The Revolution of the People

5883: 5341:

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6800:

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6410:

Records of the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia

4522: 4181: 4170: 4103: 2843: 2826:

Pennsylvania was founded in 1681 as a proprietary colony of Quaker

2762: 2757: 2345:, established in 1620; merged with Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1691 2289: 7378:

Crossroads of Empire: The Middle Colonies in British North America

7307:

Cool thoughts on the consequences of American independence, &c

5808:

The Scratch of a Pen: 1763 and the Transformation of North America

5515:"Avalon Project – Colonial Charters, Grants and Related Documents" 4889: 4633:, in opposition to the aristocratic viewpoint of British leaders. 4419:

Economic history of the United States § Political environment

4409:

which they were determined to protect from imperial interference.

3550:

With the help chiefly of France, they defeated the British in the

2704: 9832: 7836:

British North America in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

5428:

Michael G. Hall; Lawrence H. Leder; Michael Kammen, eds. (2012).

4556: 4513: 4503: 4297:. The administration of all British colonies was overseen by the 4177: 3329: 3149: 2684:

capital and financed a settlement mission to the area led by Sir

7199:

Empire and Nation: The American Revolution in the Atlantic World

5821:

Rorabaugh, W. J.; Critchlow, Donald T.; Baker, Paula C. (2004).

5116:

Old Dominion, New Commonwealth: A History of Virginia, 1607–2007

4281:

The three forms of colonial government in 1776 were provincial (

2445:

These four settlements merged into a single Royal colony in 1663

8645:

Non-British colonial entities in the contemporary United States

5824:

America's promise : a concise history of the United States

4735:, the name used by the Second Continental Congress in 1775–1776 4083: 3483: 3451:

By spring 1775, all royal officials had been expelled, and the

3072: 3013: 2898:

established Providence Plantations in 1636 on land provided by

2745: 2271:

was created for America, but it was disbanded in 1782 when the

2078: 2001:

The Thirteen Colonies in their traditional groupings were: the

11609: 5847:

W. J. Rorabaugh, Donald T. Critchlow, Paula C. Baker (2004). "

7023: 6938:. Washington, D.C.: University Press of America. p. 14. 6592: 4267:

although some young men went to medical schools in Scotland.

2395:, established in 1638; merged with Connecticut Colony in 1664 2389:, established in 1635; merged with Connecticut Colony in 1644 7875:

Greene, Evarts Boutell; Harrington, Virginia Draper (1993).

5775: 5671: 4728:

Social history of soldiers and veterans in the United States

4624:

based on commercial and territorial expansion in South Asia.

9248: 7212: 6408:

Rita, M. (March 1940). "Catholicism in Colonial Maryland".

5325:

Mayflower: A Story of Courage, Community, and War Paperback

5119:. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press. 4319:

Charter governments were political corporations created by

4079: 3725:

List of colonial and pre-Federal U.S. historical population

2906:. Williams was a Puritan who preached religious tolerance, 2787:

Beginning in the 1650s, the English and Dutch engaged in a

2725:, seeking to protect their interests in the fur trade. The 2675:. It was a private venture, financed by a group of English 2645:. The business venture was financed and coordinated by the 2455:

in 1643, and all New England colonies were included in the

6843: 5827:. Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 92. 5751: 5719: 5707: 5695: 5585: 5573: 5525: 5495: 5483: 3428:, the remaining colony of Georgia sent delegates as well. 3328:

Colonial discontentment grew with the passage of the 1773

2688:. The expedition located fertile and defensible ground at 2365:, established in 1628; merged with Plymouth Colony in 1691 2240:

sponsored several colonization projects, culminating with

14535:

Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas

9981:

Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking Up Arms

7555:

Journal of the Convention of the people of South Carolina

5978: 5951: 5939: 5927: 5915: 5850:

America's promise: a concise history of the United States

5004: 6716:

The Statutes at Large of South Carolina: Acts, 1685–1716

5112: 2973:

In 1702, East and West Jersey were combined to form the

2103:. The population included people subject to a system of 30:"American colonies" redirects here. For other uses, see 8222:

The American Colonies and the British Empire, 1607–1783

6994: 6165: 5990: 5820: 5763: 5623: 4816: 4814: 4678:

American Revolutionary War § Prelude to revolution

9592: 8189:

Foundations of Colonial America: A Documentary History

7618:

American Revolutions: A Continental History, 1750–1804

7458:

The Glorious Cause: the American Revolution, 1763–1789

5683: 5659: 5647: 5635: 5232:

Henry L. "Schoolcraft, The Capture of New Amsterdam."

5161:. Boston: Charles C. Little and James Brown. pp. 4982:(4th ed.). Chichester, England: Wiley-Blackwell. 4423:

The British Empire at the time was operated under the

3486:. The patriot militias later were formalized into the 14448: 7878:

American Population before the Federal Census of 1790

6647:"The Imperial School of American Colonial Historians" 6510:

Kidd, Thomas S.; Hankins, Barry (2015). "Chapter 1".

6168:

The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People

4090:

was officially established in most of the South. The

3108:

In 1738, an incident involving a Welsh mariner named

2868:

More Puritans immigrated in 1629 and established the

2359:

in 1639; absorbed by Massachusetts Bay Colony by 1658

8953: 8442:

Other British colonial entities in the contemporary

6300:

Miller, John David; Smith, Randall M., eds. (1988).

5561: 5549: 5537: 4811: 4241:

College of Philadelphia (University of Pennsylvania)

3183:

officers trained Americans for battle, most notably

2791:, and the English sought to conquer New Netherland. 2141:, in which the colonies worked together to form the 14545:

Former regions and territories of the United States

8225:. Vol. 2, 1676–1714. Abingdon, Oxon, England: 7410:

The Shaping of America: Atlantic America, 1492–1800

6276:

Encyclopedia of African American History, 1619–1895

5421: 2956:, putting the region under the control of Governor 2823:were created from lands formerly part of New York. 2807:but surrendered claim to the territory in the 1674 11712:Acquisition of the Northern Mariana Islands (1986) 7244:Pearson, Ellen Holmes (2005). Gould; Onuf (eds.). 6865:Seeds of Liberty: The Genesis of the American Mind 6714:Cooper, Thomas; McCord, David James, eds. (1837). 6541:. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 6159: 6083: 5295: 5094: 4086:, many colonists had no religious connection. The 3565: 2263:, and a committee of the Privy Council called the 7863:The British Empire Before the American Revolution 7016:The British Empire Before the American Revolution 6570:Urban, Wayne J.; Wagoner, Jennings L. Jr (2008). 4860:"1780–1880: A Century of Imperial Transformation" 4337:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 4167:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 2932:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 2811:, ending the Dutch colonial presence in America. 2401:Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations 14496: 13184:Native American recognition in the United States 9337:and other inhabited territories governed by the 8120:The American Colonies in the Seventeenth Century 7972: 7874: 7387:Historical Dictionary of the American Revolution 7348:Greene, Jack P. & Pole, J. R., eds. (2003). 5607:(Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983) pp 18–42. 4975: 8626:Colony of British Columbia and Vancouver Island 8133:The American Colonies in the Eighteenth Century 7785:Cooke, Jacob Ernest; et al., eds. (1993). 7436:The American Continental Colonies in the Empire 6279:. Oxford University Press, US. pp. 2:156. 4479:Some of the British colonies in North America, 3741:(English, Scots-Irish, Scottish, Welsh), 9% of 3039: 11429:Intelligence in the American Revolutionary War 9579: 8219:Sarson, Steven; Greene, Jack P., eds. (2016). 8181: 8156: 7509:Before the Revolution: America's ancient pasts 7197:Gould, Eliga H.; Onuf, Peter S., eds. (2005). 6935:The development of European society, 1770–1870 6192:"Scots to Colonial North Carolina Before 1775" 6170:(8th ed.). Cengage Learning. p. 99. 5373: 4339:, which also became a charter colony in 1636. 4301:in London beginning late in the 17th century. 3493: 13581:Greenhouse gas emissions by the United States 11765: 11595: 9565: 8939: 8292: 7096:The British Empire: A Very Short Introduction 7044:"Lawrence Henry Gipson's Empire: The Critics" 6960: 6685:. Westport, CN: Greenwood Press. p. 45. 6487:Quakers and Politics: Pennsylvania, 1681–1726 6239: 4785:Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union 4129:set up their own Reformed congregations. The 3380: 2872:with 400 settlers. They sought to reform the 2520:, established in 1681 as a proprietary colony 1931: 14550:Former territorial entities in North America 14515:1776 disestablishments in the British Empire 8218: 7478:The Stamp act crisis; prologue to revolution 6713: 6598: 6569: 6437:Becoming America, The Revolution before 1776 5061:The critical review, or annals of literature 4693:Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies 4277:Colonial government in the Thirteen Colonies 3750:birth rates and relatively low death rates. 3571:Population of the thirteen British colonies 3504:The Second Continental Congress charged the 10542:Washington's crossing of the Delaware River 8127: 8113: 7787:Encyclopedia of the North American Colonies 7452: 7426: 7029: 6509: 6299: 5996: 5911:. London; Melbourne: Macmillan. p. 31. 5738: 5736: 5734: 5677: 5387:. Portland General Electric. Archived from 3144:, and the war came to an end with the 1748 2555:, established 1632 as a proprietary colony. 11779: 11772: 11758: 11611:Territorial expansion of the United States 11602: 11588: 11419:African Americans in the Revolutionary War 9673:Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness 9572: 9558: 8946: 8932: 8299: 8285: 7973:Middleton, Richard; Lombard, Anne (2011). 7347: 7000: 6849: 6780:33.2 (2013): 219–254, quoting pp 219–220; 6048: 4976:Middleton, Richard; Lombard, Anne (2011). 4851: 2772:In 1638, Sweden established the colony of 2116:self-governance and active local elections 1938: 1924: 107: 27:British colonies forming the United States 14510:1732 establishments in the British Empire 13194:Federally recognized Alaska Native tribes 7196: 6896: 6674: 6672: 6272: 5322: 5106: 4464: 3500:United States Declaration of Independence 3332:, which reduced taxes on tea sold by the 7769: 7558:. published by order of the Convention. 7169: 6966: 6439:. Harvard University Press. p. 35. 5805: 5742: 5731: 4902: 4718:History of the United States (1776–1789) 4474: 4379:According to historian Donald Radcliffe: 4205: 4145:. Germans also brought diverse forms of 3400: 3299: 3095: 3085: 2703: 2618: 2339:, established in 1607; abandoned in 1608 2288: 2172: 13245:List of counties and county equivalents 11707:Treaty of the Danish West Indies (1917) 8039: 7995: 7807: 7723:The Colonial Period of American History 7717: 7502: 7284:Rise of the Legal Profession in America 7278: 7243: 7119: 7089: 6861: 6728: 6644: 6627: 6534: 6459: 6081: 5757: 5725: 5713: 5701: 5689: 5665: 5653: 5641: 5591: 5579: 5531: 5501: 5489: 5412: 5293: 5263: 5046: 5010: 4857: 3225:, from which it formed the colonies of 3136:. In 1745, British and colonial forces 3063:, but these uprisings were suppressed. 2853:. Upon their arrival, they drew up the 2748:Indians and established the outpost of 2278: 471:This article is part of a series on the 14: 14497: 11424:Dogs in the American Revolutionary War 9383:Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 8088: 8069: 7895: 7856: 7833: 7611: 7589: 7404: 7350:A Companion to the American Revolution 7213:David Kennedy; Lizabeth Cohen (2015). 7012: 6931: 6916: 6806:. Malden, MA: Blackwell. p. 300. 6678: 6669: 6434: 6356: 6260:Slavery in Colonial America, 1619–1776 5984: 5957: 5945: 5933: 5921: 5869: 5781: 5769: 5629: 5567: 5555: 5543: 5454: 5379: 5337: 5278: 5248: 5154: 5148: 5100: 4008:Slaves imported into Colonial America 3754:was a minor factor from 1774 to 1830. 3289: 2632: 2409:Providence Plantations established by 14520:Colonial settlements in North America 11753: 11583: 11336: 11261: 11189: 10760: 10096: 9930:Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania 9591: 9553: 8927: 8852:Discourse Concerning Western Planting 8306: 8280: 7946: 7920: 7784: 7689: 7661: 7636:——; Ray, Michael (2015). 7481:. University of North Carolina Press. 7074: 7041: 6982:Recorded usage of the term, 1700-1800 6799: 6610: 6114: 6090:. Columbia University Press. p. 6071:from the original on October 9, 2022. 6030: 6018: 5969: 5434:. UNC Press Books. pp. 3–4, 39. 5032:. Vol. 19. London. p. 376. 5022: 4723:Shipbuilding in the American colonies 4698:Colonial history of the United States 3992:Slavery in the colonial United States 3905: 2607:Colonial history of the United States 14530:English colonization of the Americas 11539:Daughters of the American Revolution 11337: 9889:Declaration of Rights and Grievances 9534: 8681:Captaincy General of the Philippines 7743: 7696:Revolutionary New England, 1691–1776 6755:from the original on October 9, 2022 6617:. Vol. IV. The Middle Colonies. 6484: 6407: 6304:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 678. 6257: 5904: 5853:". Rowman & Littlefield. p. 92. 5221:New Sweden on the Delaware 1638–1655 5178: 5056:. Vol. 48. London. p. 21. 5029:The Political State of Great Britain 4928: 4683:British colonization of the Americas 4583:Historiography of the British Empire 4370: 2699: 2611:British colonization of the Americas 2524: 11692:Treaty of Cession of Tutuila (1900) 11534:Children of the American Revolution 11414:Timeline of the American Revolution 8046:Colonial Self-Government, 1652–1689 7975:Colonial America: A History to 1763 7881:. Genealogical Publishing Company. 7635: 7552:South Carolina. Convention (1862). 7526: 6738:. York: Basic Books. pp. 5–8. 6302:Dictionary of Afro-American Slavery 6245: 6036: 4979:Colonial America: A History to 1763 4454:argued that the writs violated the 3554:. The decisive victory came at the 2917:established a second settlement on 2641:, established on May 14, 1607 near 2168: 2069:, which also included territory in 24: 11697:Treaty of Cession of Manuʻa (1904) 10195:European allies of King George III 10051:British credit crisis of 1772–1773 9986:Committee of Secret Correspondence 9648:No taxation without representation 8971:Organized incorporated territories 8150: 8092:Origins of the American Revolution 8035:. U.S. Government Printing Office. 7655: 6969:Unreasonable Searches and Seizures 5469:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1968.tb00328.x 5181:Colonial South Carolina: A History 5074: 4688:Colonial American military history 4412: 4348:tied to the government in London. 4202:Education in the Thirteen Colonies 4137:in New York and New Jersey, while 3319:no taxation without representation 3278:restricted settlement west of the 3244: 3100:Territorial changes following the 2913:In 1637, a second group including 2662:Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore 2628:Royal (R), and St. Augustine (SA). 2462: 2157:and, to a much lesser degree, the 2132:no taxation without representation 881: Modern Era 32:American colonies (disambiguation) 25: 14561: 12590:Director of National Intelligence 11561:Museum of the American Revolution 8884:Fundamental Orders of Connecticut 8365:(1629–1641; 1679–1686; 1689–1776) 8273:; useful for advanced scholarship 8252: 7310:. printed for J. Wilkie. London. 7300: 7219:. Cengage Learning. p. 156. 7154: 5415:Colonial Massachusetts: a history 5380:Taylor, Barbara (December 1998). 4760:for participation in government. 4703:Colonial South and the Chesapeake 4576: 4535:surrounding the 13 colonies. The 4233:College of New Jersey (Princeton) 3962: 3321:" with intense protests over the 3254:of 1764. Later acts included the 3032:to promote the settlement of the 2317:, was established in this region. 14540:Former colonies in North America 14525:Colonial United States (British) 14482: 14470: 14458: 12746:Government Accountability Office 11720: 11449:Continental Currency dollar coin 11434:Women in the American Revolution 9533: 9524: 9523: 9335:United Nations trust territories 8955:Territories of the United States 8908: 8907: 8687:Captaincy General of Puerto Rico 8271:840+ volumes of colonial records 7272: 7237: 7205: 7190: 7184:10.1111/j.1478-0542.2010.00705.x 7163: 7148: 7113: 7083: 7068: 7035: 7006: 6975: 6925: 6910: 6890: 6855: 6793: 6770: 6722: 6464:. University Press of Kentucky. 5413:Labaree, Benjamin Woods (1979). 5298:Philadelphia: A 300 Year History 5281:Colonial Pennsylvania: a history 4713:Cuisine of the Thirteen Colonies 4188:were growing rapidly during the 3442:Battles of Lexington and Concord 3268:Colonial newspapers and printers 2928:Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick 2238:Plymouth Council for New England 2155:the aid of the Kingdom of France 2130:", especially the principle of " 2124:colonial printers and newspapers 2114:The 13 colonies had a degree of 1986:. In 1776, Congress adopted the 1906: 1897: 1896: 1858: 1857: 488: 439: 414: 400: 94: 63: 56: 11544:Sons of the American Revolution 9389:American Concession in Shanghai 8025: 8019: 7998:A Companion to Colonial America 7896:Greene, Evarts Boutell (1905). 7551: 7294: 7122:The Journal of American History 6897:Trevelyan, George Otto (1899). 6803:A Companion to Colonial America 6707: 6638: 6628:Kellogg, Louise Phelps (1904). 6621: 6604: 6563: 6528: 6503: 6478: 6453: 6428: 6401: 6388: 6375: 6350: 6337: 6318: 6293: 6266: 6251: 6214: 6184: 6117:The Journal of Economic History 6108: 6086:The Economy of Colonial America 6075: 6042: 6002: 5963: 5898: 5863: 5814: 5799: 5787: 5610: 5597: 5507: 5448: 5406: 5331: 5316: 5294:Weigley, Russell Frank (1982). 5287: 5272: 5257: 5242: 5226: 5213: 5200: 5187: 5172: 5068: 5039: 4820: 4790: 4776: 4763: 4708:Credit in the Thirteen Colonies 4342: 4327:merged with the settlements at 4245:College of Rhode Island (Brown) 3574: 3566:Population of Thirteen Colonies 3132:, but most colonists called it 2968: 2600: 2065:). These colonies were part of 14389:Separation of church and state 12605:National Reconnaissance Office 12548:President of the United States 11444:Continental currency banknotes 10532:Staten Island Peace Conference 9395:American concession of Tianjin 7952:Everyday Life in Early America 7474: 6512:Baptists in America: A History 6489:. Princeton University Press. 6383:Anglican and Episcopal History 6049:Sutherland, Stella H. (1975). 5793: 5266:Colonial New Jersey: A History 5016: 4969: 4922: 4896: 4826: 4746: 3130:War of the Austrian Succession 3020:of the entire British Empire. 2996:In the 1730s, Parliamentarian 2908:separation of Church and State 2833: 2692:, originally Charles Town for 2593:Earlier, along the coast, the 2265:Board of Trade and Plantations 2236:, but it was short-lived. The 13: 1: 11702:Annexation of Oklahoma (1906) 11262: 10238:German supporters of Congress 9936:Massachusetts Circular Letter 8526: 7996:Vickers, Daniel, ed. (2003). 7899:Provincial America, 1690–1740 7834:Foster, Stephen, ed. (2014). 7773:A history of colonial America 7527:Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007). 7487:Journal of the Early Republic 7475:Morgan, Edmund Sears (1953). 7383: 7343:– via Internet Archive. 6905:smuggling american revolution 6778:Journal of the Early Republic 6631:The American colonial charter 6572:American Education: A History 6024: 6009:"Visit the Declaration House" 5323:Philbrick, Nathaniel (2007). 5302:. W.W. Norton & Company. 5234:The English Historical Review 4480: 4270: 4225:College of William & Mary 3397:Patriot (American Revolution) 2637:The first British colony was 2323:Province of Massachusetts Bay 2216:granted charters to both the 1978:as commander-in-chief of the 12751:Government Publishing Office 12219:Technological and industrial 11687:Tripartite Convention (1899) 9919:Committees of correspondence 8986:U.S. territorial sovereignty 8632:Province of British Columbia 7512:. Harvard University Press. 7390:. Rowman & Littlefield. 6903:. Vol. 1. p. 128. 5251:Colonial New York: A History 5210:(2nd ed. Cornell U.P. 2009). 4862:. In Tomich, Dale W. (ed.). 4804: 4195: 3490:under Washington's command. 3373:opposed to British rule and 3282:, as this was designated an 3040:Global trade and immigration 2656:granted the charter for the 2615:Timeline of Colonial America 1356:Hispanic and Latino American 7: 14223:Women's reproductive health 13189:Federally recognized tribes 13052:Public utilities commission 12956:Public Health Service Corps 12859:Code of Federal Regulations 12741:Congressional Budget Office 12595:Central Intelligence Agency 12501:Water supply and sanitation 11928:Declaration of Independence 11677:Annexation of Hawaii (1898) 11556:Charters of Freedom Rotunda 10761: 10587:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783 10572:Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1781 10346:Capture of Fort Ticonderoga 10001:Declaration of Independence 9966:Second Continental Congress 8135:. Literary Licensing, LLC. 7668:The Founding of New England 6917:Nester, William R. (2000). 6729:Keyssar, Alexander (2000). 6651:Indiana Magazine of History 6614:English Colonies in America 6611:Doyle, John Andrew (1907). 6514:. Oxford University Press. 5872:Journal of Southern History 5806:Calloway, Colin G. (2006). 5338:Bremer, Francis J. (1995). 5249:Kammen, Michael G. (1974). 4935:Journal of Church and State 4671: 4295:Parliament of Great Britain 4066: 3530:Declaration of Independence 3494:Declaration of Independence 3468:Second Continental Congress 3426:Second Continental Congress 3061:New York Conspiracy of 1741 2351:, patent issued in 1622 by 1988:Declaration of Independence 1968:Second Continental Congress 77:Flag of the United Colonies 10: 14566: 13401:Red states and blue states 13306:City commission government 13301:Council–manager government 11439:Financial costs of the war 9946:First Continental Congress 9797:Royal Proclamation of 1763 9742:Second Rockingham ministry 9581:American Revolutionary War 9236:Unincorporated territories 8811:Brandenburger Saint Thomas 8620:Colony of British Columbia 8264:November 12, 2020, at the 8070:Dinkin, Robert J. (1977). 7099:. OUP Oxford. p. 72. 7042:Shade, William G. (1969). 6812:10.1002/9780470998496.ch12 6679:Dinkin, Robert J. (1977). 6599:Urban & Wagoner (2008) 6535:Stevens, Laura M. (2004). 6460:Le Beau, Bryan F. (1997). 6082:Perkins, Edwin J. (1988). 5279:Illick, Joseph E. (1976). 4858:Fradera, Josep M. (2020). 4580: 4468: 4450:). In 1761, Boston lawyer 4416: 4274: 4199: 4070: 3989: 3985: 3722: 3552:American Revolutionary War 3497: 3418:First Continental Congress 3390: 3387:American Revolutionary War 3384: 3381:American Revolutionary War 3358:First Continental Congress 3293: 3276:Royal Proclamation of 1763 3089: 3043: 2991:Province of South Carolina 2987:Province of North-Carolina 2921:, today called Aquidneck. 2604: 2565:Province of South Carolina 2559:Province of North Carolina 2534: 2528: 2481:), established in 1664 as 2479:Lower Counties on Delaware 2466: 2282: 2151:American Revolutionary War 1984:American Revolutionary War 408:Pre-colonial North America 238:Rhode Island Royal Charter 29: 14410: 14236: 14109: 14041: 13694: 13690: 13681: 13629: 13494: 13485: 13381: 13352: 13329: 13268: 13235: 13226: 13169: 13157:Comparison of governments 13132: 13095: 13072: 12988: 12968: 12899: 12837: 12759: 12682: 12540: 12531: 12527: 12518: 12240: 12231: 12176: 12136:Post-Cold War (1991–2008) 11977:drafting and ratification 11950:Articles of Confederation 11863: 11797: 11788: 11729: 11718: 11632:Louisiana Purchase (1803) 11617: 11406: 11375: 11351: 11347: 11332: 11293:Constitutional Convention 11273:Society of the Cincinnati 11268: 11257: 11182: 11077: 10921: 10914: 10859: 10778: 10771: 10767: 10756: 10713: 10635: 10621: 10595: 10562:Carlisle Peace Commission 10524: 10396:Siege of Fort Ticonderoga 10325: 10250: 10203: 10170: 10133: 10126: 10122: 10092: 10061:Hutchinson letters affair 10028: 10011:Articles of Confederation 9871: 9858:Proclamation of Rebellion 9770: 9722:First Rockingham ministry 9699: 9666:All men are created equal 9605: 9601: 9587: 9519: 9421: 9404: 9347: 9330: 9244: 9231: 8994: 8961: 8903: 8847: 8838: 8781:, 1682–1763 and 1801–1803 8699:Captaincy General of Cuba 8652: 8641: 8523:New England Confederation 8452: 8438: 8352: 8314: 8097:Stanford University Press 8027:U.S. Bureau of the Census 7770:Chitwood, Oliver (1961). 7642:. Encyclopedia Britannica 7412:. Yale University Press. 7013:Gipson, Lawrence (1936). 6987:December 6, 2022, at the 6129:10.1017/S0022050700075458 5264:Pomfret, John E. (1973). 5081:The Canadian Encyclopedia 4249:Queen's College (Rutgers) 4237:King's College (Columbia) 3953: 3762: 3461:Articles of Confederation 3146:Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle 2453:New England Confederation 2371:Province of New Hampshire 2269:specific state department 2177:The Thirteen Colonies of 455: 379: 375: 365: 355: 351: 346: 342: 329: 316: 303: 290: 277: 264: 247: 234: 221: 208: 195: 191: 183: 179: 164: 149: 145: 137: 126: 118: 106: 84: 53: 48: 41: 18:Thirteen British colonies 14176:Prescription drug prices 13296:Mayor–council government 13286:Coterminous municipality 13276:Consolidated city-county 13042:Agriculture commissioner 12692:House of Representatives 12600:National Security Agency 12250:Contiguous United States 11667:Guano Islands Act (1856) 11642:Adams–Onís Treaty (1819) 11637:Red River Cession (1818) 11622:Thirteen Colonies (1776) 10557:Entry of France into war 10172:Kingdom of Great Britain 9321:Northern Mariana Islands 8693:Santa Fe de Nuevo México 8505:Massachusetts Bay Colony 8194:Chelsea House Publishers 8089:Miller, John C. (1943). 7621:. W.W. Norton & Co. 7562:: R. W. Gibbes. p. 7560:Columbia, South Carolina 7001:Greene & Pole (2003) 6932:Gillis, John R. (1983). 6850:Greene & Pole (2003) 6357:Foster, Stephen (1991). 6347:(Oxford UP, 2003) p. xx. 6273:Finkelman, Paul (2006). 5618:Colonial British America 5605:Colonial British America 5179:Weir, Robert M. (1983). 4739: 3436:march on the arsenal at 3194:, Pennsylvania colonist 2870:Massachusetts Bay Colony 2740:purchased the island of 2727:Dutch West India Company 2518:Province of Pennsylvania 2406:as royal colony in 1663 2383:as royal colony in 1662 2363:Massachusetts Bay Colony 1992:United States of America 859: 837: 815: 804: 782: 771: 749: 738: 727: 716: 694: 683: 672: 650: 628: 617: 595: 584: 562: 551: 14261:Criticism of government 13606:Social welfare programs 13199:State-recognized tribes 12184:Outline of U.S. history 11896:Continental Association 11662:Gadsden Purchase (1853) 11647:Texas Annexation (1845) 11288:Ratification Day (1784) 10613:Second Anglo-Mysore War 10297:Northern after Saratoga 10277:New York and New Jersey 9951:Continental Association 9848:Conciliatory Resolution 9707:Pitt–Newcastle ministry 9680:Consent of the governed 8823:Scottish Darien Company 8767:Hospitaller Saint Croix 8566:Dominion of New England 8548:North-Western Territory 7926:The Colonial Experience 7840:Oxford University Press 7384:Mays, Terry M. (2016). 7352:(2nd ed.). Wiley. 7075:Simms, Brendan (2008). 7052:: 49–69. Archived from 6900:The American Revolution 6039:, "American Revolution" 5743:Anderson, Fred (2006). 5236:22#88 (1907): 674–693. 4929:Wood, James E. (1987). 4752:In no colony was there 4631:republican value-system 4519:British Leeward Islands 4113:was the foundation for 4100:Unitarian denominations 3431:Massachusetts Governor 3367:Continental Association 2954:Dominion of New England 2647:London Virginia Company 2544: 2492:Dominion of New England 2472: 2457:Dominion of New England 2439:established in 1642 by 2419:established in 1638 by 2379:, established in 1636; 2353:Council for New England 1377:Middle Eastern American 1199:Technology and industry 307:Articles of Association 72:Flag of British America 14323:Environmental movement 14166:Health insurance costs 14061:Educational attainment 13586:Federal Reserve System 13544:Science and technology 13047:Insurance commissioner 12585:Intelligence Community 12280:minor outlying islands 12043:Civil rights movement 11682:Treaty of Paris (1898) 11672:Alaska Purchase (1867) 11657:Mexican Cession (1848) 11627:Treaty of Paris (1783) 11549:Sons of the Revolution 11278:Treaty of Paris (1783) 10608:Fourth Anglo-Dutch War 10603:Cherokee–American wars 10216:Franco-American Treaty 10071:Philadelphia Tea Party 10041:Treaty of Paris (1763) 10020:Confederation Congress 9613:American Enlightenment 8876:Of Plymouth Plantation 8598:(1779–1783; 1814–1815) 8507:(1629–1686; 1689–1691) 8483:(1620–1686; 1689–1691) 8395:(1664–1673; 1702–1776) 8227:Pickering & Chatto 8158:Commager, Henry Steele 7701:Atlantic Monthly Press 7673:Atlantic Monthly Press 7489:33.2 (2013): 219–254. 7406:Meinig, Donald William 7280:Chroust, Anton-Hermann 6921:. Praeger. p. 54. 6862:Savelle, Max (2005) . 6485:Nash, Gary B. (1968). 5784:, pp. 94–96, 107. 5155:Sparks, Jared (1846). 4626: 4528: 4465:Other British colonies 4386: 4361:Charles McLean Andrews 4325:Providence Plantations 4211: 4163:Providence Plantations 4125:denominations. French 4064: 3560:Treaty of Paris (1783) 3438:Concord, Massachusetts 3409: 3314: 3238:British Prime Minister 3207:Treaty of Paris (1763) 3168:William Pitt the Elder 3105: 3018:gross domestic product 2975:Province of New Jersey 2842:were a small group of 2801:Second Anglo-Dutch War 2710: 2629: 2498:Province of New Jersey 2318: 2313:, the first permanent 2209: 1489:Admission to the Union 14149:Immigrant health care 13664:Transportation safety 13659:Transportation policy 13649:Public transportation 12719:President pro tempore 12575:Executive departments 12344:National Park Service 11999:Territorial evolution 11494:Washington's Birthday 11299:The Federalist Papers 11283:Evacuation Day (1783) 10336:Lexington and Concord 10036:French and Indian War 9976:Olive Branch Petition 8976:Territorial evolution 8657:Columbian Viceroyalty 7904:Harper & brothers 7817:Yale University Press 7727:Yale University Press 7496:June 2, 2023, at the 6787:June 2, 2023, at the 6645:Savelle, Max (1949). 6013:National Park Service 5193:Firth Haring Fabend, 5075:Foulds, Nancy Brown. 4909:www.gilderlehrman.org 4622:second British Empire 4618: 4581:Further information: 4478: 4456:constitutional rights 4381: 4221:New College (Harvard) 4209: 4190:First Great Awakening 4131:Dutch Reformed Church 4059: 3723:Further information: 3528:, with authoring the 3414:Provincial Congresses 3404: 3391:Further information: 3303: 3294:Further information: 3280:Appalachian Mountains 3157:French and Indian War 3102:French and Indian War 3099: 3092:French and Indian War 3090:Further information: 3086:French and Indian War 3080:First Great Awakening 3010:British North America 2809:Treaty of Westminster 2805:Third Anglo-Dutch War 2707: 2694:Charles II of England 2622: 2355:; patent reissued by 2292: 2275:took responsibility. 2176: 2120:French and Indian War 1480:Territorial evolution 773:Post-World War II Era 320:Independence declared 294:French and Indian War 132:colonial arrangements 14318:Environmental issues 13983:Political ideologies 13882:Indigenous languages 13082:List of legislatures 12879:separation of powers 12580:Independent agencies 12506:World Heritage Sites 12141:September 11 attacks 12064:Spanish–American War 12004:Mexican–American War 11960:Confederation period 11891:Continental Congress 11652:Oregon Treaty (1846) 11499:Jefferson's Birthday 11489:Pulaski Memorial Day 10496:Guilford Court House 10147:Continental Congress 9924:Committees of safety 9899:Daughters of Liberty 9894:Virginia Association 9643:Rights of Englishmen 8793:Dutch Virgin Islands 8741:Spanish West Florida 8735:Spanish East Florida 8614:Stickeen Territories 8319:New England Colonies 8182:Kavenagh, W. Keith; 7691:Adams, James Truslow 7663:Adams, James Truslow 7366:Keyssar, Alexander. 7049:Pennsylvania History 6576:Taylor & Francis 6435:Butler, Jon (2000). 6343:Patricia U. Bonomi, 6326:34#2 pp. 258–280 , 6258:Wood, Betty (2013). 6202:on February 19, 2012 6060:. Washington, D.C.: 5970:Breen, T.H. (2010). 5905:Pole, J. R. (1966). 4947:10.1093/jcs/29.2.199 4773:as British colonies. 4589:first British Empire 4553:Prince Edward Island 4407:Rights of Englishmen 4141:was prevalent among 4123:Continental Reformed 4002:Atlantic slave trade 3522:Robert R. Livingston 3453:Continental Congress 3360:, which convened in 3256:Currency Act of 1764 2754:Atlantic slave trade 2669:Province of Carolina 2658:Province of Maryland 2579:Province of Carolina 2553:Province of Maryland 2488:Province of New York 2285:New England Colonies 2279:New England colonies 2195: (Red-Brown): 2188:New England Colonies 2143:Continental Congress 2128:Rights as Englishmen 2077:, and what is today 2003:New England Colonies 1403:Palestinian American 619:Era of Good Feelings 564:Confederation period 501:Timeline and periods 14161:Health care finance 13654:Rail transportation 13420:Imperial presidency 13142:State constitutions 13087:List of legislators 13037:Auditor/Comptroller 13010:Lieutenant governor 12736:Library of Congress 12627:Diplomatic Security 12270:Indian reservations 11933:American Revolution 10627:colony or location) 10582:Newburgh Conspiracy 10441:Sullivan Expedition 9961:Provincial Congress 9752:Fox–North coalition 9691:Settler colonialism 9638:Freedom of religion 9595:American Revolution 9413:uninhabited islands 9315:U.S. Virgin Islands 8729:Provincias Internas 8705:Spanish Saint Croix 8329:Chesapeake Colonies 8074:. Greenwood Press. 8041:Andrews, Charles M. 7719:Andrews, Charles M. 7639:American Revolution 7454:Middlekauff, Robert 7428:Middlekauff, Robert 6634:. Govt. print. off. 6361:. UNC Press Books. 5987:, pp. 132–133. 5960:, pp. 137–138. 5948:, pp. 123–127. 5936:, pp. 137–121. 5760:, pp. 390–391. 5728:, pp. 383–385. 5716:, pp. 380–381. 5704:, pp. 379–380. 5620:(1983) pp. 157–194. 5519:avalon.law.yale.edu 5013:, pp. 152–153. 4537:British West Indies 4448:Writs of Assistance 4314:English Restoration 4229:Yale College (Yale) 4009: 3572: 3296:American Revolution 3290:American Revolution 3126:Cartagena de Indias 3114:War of Jenkins' Ear 2962:Glorious Revolution 2950:James II of England 2782:Second Northern War 2623:The 1606 grants by 2571:Province of Georgia 2537:Chesapeake Colonies 2261:Southern Department 2254:American Revolution 2250:Province of Georgia 2186: (Dark Red): 2139:American Revolution 1338:Lithuanian American 1289:Vietnamese American 553:American Revolution 281:Province of Georgia 14271:affirmative action 14244:Capital punishment 14203:Poverty and health 14198:Physician shortage 14171:Health care prices 14101:Standard of living 13784:standard of living 13591:Financial position 13218:Hawaiian home land 13206:Indian reservation 13179:Tribal sovereignty 13022:Secretary of state 12891:United States Code 12807:Territorial courts 12779:Associate Justices 12664:Inspector generals 12151:War in Afghanistan 12014:Reconstruction era 11881:Stamp Act Congress 11529:Semiquincentennial 11454:Libertas Americana 9884:Stamp Act Congress 9774:Acts of Parliament 9747:Shelburne ministry 9717:Grenville ministry 8892:Quintipartite Deed 8805:Danish West Indies 8773:French Saint Croix 8184:Morris, Richard B. 8162:Morris, Richard B. 8129:Osgood, Herbert L. 8115:Osgood, Herbert L. 8051:Harper & Bros. 7791:C. Scribner's Sons 7248:. pp. 93–113. 7030:Middlekauff (1966) 7019:. Caxton Printers. 6578:. pp. 24–25. 6385:44.2 (1975): 133+. 6196:Dalhousielodge.org 6062:U.S. Census Bureau 5997:Middlekauff (2005) 5924:, p. 112–114. 5678:Middlekauff (2005) 5594:, p. 376–377. 5582:, p. 373–374. 5534:, p. 358–359. 5504:, p. 323–324. 5492:, p. 319–322. 4754:universal suffrage 4657:new social history 4650:Haitian Revolution 4602:Charles M. Andrews 4545:Province of Quebec 4529: 4365:Lawrence H. Gipson 4212: 4111:Reformed tradition 4007: 3976:Thirteen Colonies 3800:English and Welsh 3570: 3410: 3377:who supported it. 3337:harbor during the 3334:East India Company 3315: 3217:, and most of the 3106: 2878:20,000 had arrived 2711: 2630: 2547:Colony of Virginia 2483:proprietary colony 2477:(before 1776, the 2425:William Coddington 2377:Connecticut Colony 2319: 2315:English settlement 2293:A 1584 map of the 2226:Colony of Virginia 2214:James I of England 2210: 2149:. They fought the 1458:Transgender people 1021:Capital punishment 674:Reconstruction Era 14505:Thirteen Colonies 14446: 14445: 14406: 14405: 14402: 14401: 14372:National security 14081:Income inequality 13961:Statue of Liberty 13764:income inequality 13677: 13676: 13669:Trucking industry 13481: 13480: 13477: 13476: 13408:Foreign relations 13396:Electoral College 13377: 13376: 13165: 13164: 13117:District attorney 12964: 12963: 12791:Courts of appeals 12514: 12513: 12227: 12226: 12168:COVID-19 pandemic 12121:Feminist Movement 11967:American frontier 11886:Thirteen Colonies 11747: 11746: 11577: 11576: 11573: 11572: 11569: 11568: 11328: 11327: 11315:Shays's Rebellion 11253: 11252: 11249: 11248: 11245: 11244: 11178: 11177: 11145:Richard Henry Lee 10910: 10909: 10752: 10751: 10748: 10747: 10744: 10743: 10596:Related conflicts 10466:Connecticut Farms 10246: 10245: 10139:Thirteen Colonies 10088: 10087: 10084: 10083: 9547: 9546: 9411:claims and other 9409:Guano Islands Act 9309:Panama Canal Zone 8981:Thirteen Colonies 8921: 8920: 8896: 8888: 8880: 8872: 8864: 8860:Mayflower Compact 8856: 8841:Related Documents 8723:Spanish Louisiana 8602:Columbia District 8525:(1643–1654; 1675– 8411:Massachusetts Bay 8339:Southern Colonies 8308:Thirteen Colonies 8236:978-1-003-07410-6 8192:. New York City: 7595:American Colonies 7397:978-1-5381-1972-3 7376:Landsman, Ned C. 7056:on March 28, 2019 6967:Stephens (2006). 6732:The Right to Vote 6548:978-0-8122-0308-0 6398:(Springer, 2004). 5974:. pp. 81–82. 5810:. pp. 92–98. 5772:, pp. 51–53. 5680:, pp. 46–49. 5632:, pp. 18–19. 5441:978-0-8078-3866-2 5394:on April 27, 2015 5351:978-1-61168-086-7 5126:978-0-8139-3048-0 5077:"Colonial Office" 4989:978-1-4051-9004-6 4874:. pp. 1–19. 4834:"The 13 Colonies" 4821:U.S. Census, 1906 4646:French Revolution 4598:George Louis Beer 4594:Herbert L. Osgood 4497:Thirteen Colonies 4425:mercantile system 4403:Benjamin Franklin 4371:Political culture 4357:George Louis Beer 4353:Herbert L. Osgood 4253:Dartmouth College 4217:colonial colleges 4165:which became the 4149:, especially the 4143:German immigrants 4133:was strong among 4119:Congregationalist 4094:divided into the 4088:Church of England 4048: 4047: 3983: 3982: 3721: 3720: 3556:Siege of Yorktown 3538:Independence Hall 3514:Benjamin Franklin 3506:Committee of Five 3482:to withdraw from 3472:George Washington 3466:In May 1775, the 3457:George Washington 3407:Revolutionary War 3341:in 1773 when the 3323:Stamp Act of 1765 3311:Benjamin Franklin 3260:Stamp Act of 1765 3196:Benjamin Franklin 3185:George Washington 3134:King George's War 2874:Church of England 2855:Mayflower Compact 2723:Connecticut River 2677:Lords Proprietors 2633:Southern colonies 2531:Southern Colonies 2525:Southern colonies 2349:Province of Maine 2206:Southern Colonies 2153:(1775–1783) with 2043:Southern Colonies 1976:George Washington 1974:, they appointed 1952:Thirteen Colonies 1948: 1947: 1870: 1869: 1499:American frontier 1398:Lebanese American 1383:Egyptian American 1313:Estonian American 1303:Albanian American 1297:European American 1274:Japanese American 1264:Filipino American 888: 887: 861:Post-Cold War Era 518:Pre-Columbian Era 480: 465: 464: 451: 450: 447: 446: 427: 426: 268:Treaty of Utrecht 166:• 1760–1776 151:• 1607–1625 99: 90:God Save the King 43:Thirteen Colonies 16:(Redirected from 14557: 14487: 14486: 14485: 14475: 14474: 14463: 14462: 14461: 14454: 14426: 14419: 14306:African American 14188:Health insurance 14076:Household income 13946:National symbols 13877:American English 13850:Federal holidays 13759:household income 13692: 13691: 13688: 13687: 13492: 13491: 13430:Anti-Americanism 13354:Special district 13281:Independent city 13250:County executive 13233: 13232: 13027:Attorney general 12986: 12985: 12975:Federal District 12558:Executive Office 12538: 12537: 12529: 12528: 12525: 12524: 12285:populated places 12265:federal enclaves 12260:federal district 12238: 12237: 12101:American Century 12084:Great Depression 12079:Roaring Twenties 12039:Women's suffrage 11918:Halifax Resolves 11911:Founding Fathers 11906:military history 11871:Pre-colonial era 11795: 11794: 11774: 11767: 11760: 11751: 11750: 11738:Manifest destiny 11724: 11604: 11597: 11590: 11581: 11580: 11519:Sesquicentennial 11479:Independence Day 11383:Founding Fathers 11349: 11348: 11334: 11333: 11259: 11258: 11187: 11186: 10919: 10918: 10776: 10775: 10769: 10768: 10758: 10757: 10633: 10632: 10628: 10456:Cape St. Vincent 10131: 10130: 10124: 10123: 10094: 10093: 10066:Boston Tea Party 9991:Halifax Resolves 9941:Suffolk Resolves 9732:Grafton ministry 9727:Chatham ministry 9623:Colonial history 9603: 9602: 9589: 9588: 9574: 9567: 9560: 9551: 9550: 9537: 9536: 9527: 9526: 9492:Quita Sueño Bank 9072:Indian Territory 8948: 8941: 8934: 8925: 8924: 8911: 8910: 8894: 8886: 8878: 8870: 8868:Mourt's Relation 8862: 8854: 8779:French Louisiana 8608:Red River Colony 8531: 8528: 8475:Berkeley Hundred 8334:Tobacco Colonies 8301: 8294: 8287: 8278: 8277: 8248: 8215: 8175: 8164:, eds. (1983) . 8146: 8124: 8110: 8085: 8063: 8036: 8015: 7992: 7977:(4th ed.). 7969: 7943: 7917: 7892: 7871: 7858:Gipson, Lawrence 7853: 7830: 7804: 7781: 7766: 7740: 7714: 7686: 7651: 7649: 7647: 7632: 7608: 7586: 7583:Internet Archive 7580: 7578: 7548: 7544:978-1-8510-95445 7523: 7482: 7471: 7449: 7423: 7401: 7363: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7317:978-0-6652-05965 7302:Galloway, Joseph 7288: 7287: 7276: 7270: 7269: 7263: 7259: 7257: 7249: 7241: 7235: 7234: 7216:American Pageant 7209: 7203: 7202: 7194: 7188: 7187: 7167: 7161: 7160: 7152: 7146: 7145: 7128:(3): 1015–1044. 7117: 7111: 7110: 7087: 7081: 7080: 7072: 7066: 7065: 7063: 7061: 7039: 7033: 7032:, p. 23–45. 7027: 7021: 7020: 7010: 7004: 6998: 6992: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6964: 6958: 6957: 6929: 6923: 6922: 6914: 6908: 6907: 6894: 6888: 6887: 6859: 6853: 6847: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6797: 6791: 6774: 6768: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6754: 6737: 6726: 6720: 6719: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6676: 6667: 6666: 6642: 6636: 6635: 6625: 6619: 6618: 6608: 6602: 6601:, p. 11–54. 6596: 6590: 6589: 6574:(4th ed.). 6567: 6561: 6560: 6532: 6526: 6525: 6507: 6501: 6500: 6482: 6476: 6475: 6457: 6451: 6450: 6432: 6426: 6425: 6405: 6399: 6392: 6386: 6379: 6373: 6372: 6354: 6348: 6341: 6335: 6322: 6316: 6315: 6297: 6291: 6290: 6270: 6264: 6263: 6255: 6249: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6218: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6198:. 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In the 3518:Thomas Jefferson 3488:Continental Army 3393:Continental Army 3347:Intolerable Acts 3339:Boston Tea Party 3161:Seven Years' War 2998:James Oglethorpe 2863:William Bradford 2541:Tobacco colonies 2393:New Haven Colony 2218:Plymouth Company 2204: (Brown): 2203: 2194: 2185: 2169:British colonies 2163:Kingdom of Spain 2147:Continental Army 2101:Native Americans 1980:Continental Army 1956:British colonies 1954:were a group of 1940: 1933: 1926: 1910: 1900: 1899: 1861: 1860: 1504:Manifest destiny 1494:Historic regions 1476: 1475: 1416:Native Americans 1388:Iranian American 1362:Mexican American 1348:Serbian American 1333:Italian American 1318:Finnish American 1308:English American 1259:Chinese American 1246:African American 1046:Direct democracy 1036:The Constitution 995:Higher education 904:American Century 806:Civil Rights Era 784:Civil Rights Era 740:Great Depression 729:Roaring Twenties 597:Jeffersonian Era 507: 506: 502: 492: 478: 467: 466: 443: 442: 431: 430: 418: 417: 404: 403: 397: 396: 381: 380: 175: 160: 156:James I & VI 111: 101: 100: 67: 60: 39: 38: 21: 14565: 14564: 14560: 14559: 14558: 14556: 14555: 14554: 14495: 14494: 14493: 14483: 14481: 14469: 14459: 14457: 14449: 14447: 14442: 14429: 14422: 14415: 14398: 14384:Opioid epidemic 14301:Native American 14281:intersex rights 14232: 14228:Life expectancy 14218:Medical deserts 14208:Race and health 14105: 14091:Personal income 14037: 13941:National anthem 13774:personal income 13739:Economic issues 13673: 13625: 13473: 13373: 13362:School district 13348: 13331:Minor divisions 13325: 13264: 13222: 13161: 13147:Statutory codes 13128: 13091: 13068: 12978: 12973: 12960: 12895: 12852:civil liberties 12833: 12824:Other tribunals 12803:District courts 12755: 12714:current members 12697:current members 12678: 12612:Law enforcement 12510: 12223: 12172: 12163:Great Recession 12034:Progressive Era 12024:Native genocide 11955:Perpetual Union 11943:Treaty of Paris 11901:United Colonies 11859: 11784: 11778: 11748: 11743: 11725: 11716: 11613: 11608: 11578: 11565: 11504:Von Steuben Day 11402: 11371: 11343: 11324: 11264: 11241: 11183:Colonial allies 11174: 11073: 10906: 10867:King George III 10855: 10763: 10740: 10709: 10629: 10626: 10624: 10617: 10591: 10520: 10501:Lochry's Defeat 10386:Assunpink Creek 10376:Fort Washington 10321: 10255: 10253: 10242: 10233:Hortalez et Cie 10204:Colonial allies 10199: 10166: 10135:United Colonies 10118: 10080: 10046:Boston Massacre 10024: 10015:Perpetual Union 9971:United Colonies 9904:Sons of Liberty 9867: 9775: 9773: 9772:Related British 9766: 9695: 9597: 9593:Origins of the 9583: 9578: 9548: 9543: 9515: 9426:Phoenix Islands 9417: 9400: 9377:Volcano Islands 9343: 9326: 9240: 9227: 8990: 8957: 8952: 8922: 8917: 8899: 8843: 8834: 8829:Russian America 8747:Alta California 8717:Las Californias 8669:Spanish Florida 8648: 8637: 8529: 8448: 8434: 8348: 8344:United Colonies 8324:Middle Colonies 8310: 8305: 8266:Wayback Machine 8255: 8237: 8204: 8186:, eds. (1973). 8153: 8151:Primary sources 8143: 8107: 8082: 8060: 8022: 8012: 7989: 7966: 7948:Hawke, David F. 7940: 7922:Hawke, David F. 7914: 7889: 7868:Caxton Printers 7850: 7827: 7801: 7763: 7745:Carr, J. Revell 7737: 7711: 7683: 7658: 7656:Further reading 7645: 7643: 7629: 7605: 7576: 7574: 7545: 7520: 7504:Richter, Daniel 7498:Wayback Machine 7468: 7446: 7420: 7398: 7360: 7338: 7336: 7318: 7297: 7292: 7291: 7277: 7273: 7261: 7260: 7251: 7250: 7242: 7238: 7227: 7210: 7206: 7195: 7191: 7172:History Compass 7168: 7164: 7153: 7149: 7134:10.2307/2568604 7118: 7114: 7107: 7091:Jackson, Ashley 7088: 7084: 7073: 7069: 7059: 7057: 7040: 7036: 7028: 7024: 7011: 7007: 6999: 6995: 6989:Wayback Machine 6980: 6976: 6965: 6961: 6946: 6930: 6926: 6915: 6911: 6895: 6891: 6876: 6860: 6856: 6848: 6844: 6834: 6832: 6822: 6798: 6794: 6789:Wayback Machine 6775: 6771: 6758: 6756: 6752: 6746: 6735: 6727: 6723: 6712: 6708: 6693: 6677: 6670: 6643: 6639: 6626: 6622: 6609: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6586: 6568: 6564: 6549: 6533: 6529: 6522: 6508: 6504: 6497: 6483: 6479: 6472: 6458: 6454: 6447: 6433: 6429: 6406: 6402: 6393: 6389: 6380: 6376: 6369: 6355: 6351: 6342: 6338: 6332:10.2307/1925316 6323: 6319: 6312: 6298: 6294: 6287: 6271: 6267: 6256: 6252: 6246:Rodriguez, 2007 6244: 6240: 6230: 6228: 6220: 6219: 6215: 6205: 6203: 6190: 6189: 6185: 6178: 6164: 6160: 6113: 6109: 6102: 6080: 6076: 6068: 6053: 6047: 6043: 6035: 6031: 6023: 6019: 6007: 6003: 5995: 5991: 5983: 5979: 5968: 5964: 5956: 5952: 5944: 5940: 5932: 5928: 5920: 5916: 5903: 5899: 5884:10.2307/2210989 5868: 5864: 5835: 5819: 5815: 5804: 5800: 5792: 5788: 5780: 5776: 5768: 5764: 5756: 5752: 5741: 5732: 5724: 5720: 5712: 5708: 5700: 5696: 5688: 5684: 5676: 5672: 5664: 5660: 5652: 5648: 5640: 5636: 5628: 5624: 5615: 5611: 5602: 5598: 5590: 5586: 5578: 5574: 5566: 5562: 5554: 5550: 5542: 5538: 5530: 5526: 5513: 5512: 5508: 5500: 5496: 5488: 5484: 5453: 5449: 5442: 5426: 5422: 5411: 5407: 5397: 5395: 5391: 5384: 5378: 5374: 5364: 5362: 5352: 5336: 5332: 5321: 5317: 5310: 5292: 5288: 5277: 5273: 5262: 5258: 5247: 5243: 5231: 5227: 5219:C.A. Weslager, 5218: 5214: 5205: 5201: 5192: 5188: 5177: 5173: 5153: 5149: 5139: 5137: 5127: 5111: 5107: 5099: 5095: 5085: 5083: 5073: 5069: 5044: 5040: 5021: 5017: 5009: 5005: 4990: 4974: 4970: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4901: 4897: 4882: 4856: 4852: 4842: 4840: 4832: 4831: 4827: 4819: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4801: 4795: 4791: 4781: 4777: 4768: 4764: 4758:religious tests 4751: 4747: 4742: 4733:United Colonies 4674: 4606:Lawrence Gipson 4585: 4579: 4527: 4483: 4473: 4471:British America 4467: 4444:Navigation Acts 4421: 4415: 4413:Economic policy 4401:of 1754 led by 4399:Albany Congress 4373: 4345: 4279: 4273: 4204: 4198: 4135:Dutch Americans 4075: 4069: 3997:Chattel slavery 3994: 3988: 3938:Other European 3884:Other European 3732:Great Migration 3727: 3580: 3568: 3502: 3496: 3478:, which forced 3476:Siege of Boston 3446:siege to Boston 3399: 3389: 3383: 3343:Sons of Liberty 3298: 3292: 3247: 3245:Growing dissent 3223:Spanish Florida 3192:Albany Congress 3094: 3088: 3057:Stono Rebellion 3048: 3042: 2971: 2915:Anne Hutchinson 2859:Plymouth Colony 2836: 2797:Treaty of Breda 2793:Richard Nicolls 2778:Delaware Valley 2702: 2700:Middle colonies 2679:who obtained a 2635: 2617: 2603: 2543: 2533: 2527: 2475:Delaware Colony 2471: 2469:Middle Colonies 2465: 2463:Middle colonies 2387:Saybrook Colony 2343:Plymouth Colony 2287: 2281: 2242:Plymouth Colony 2208: 2201: 2199: 2197:Middle Colonies 2192: 2190: 2183: 2179:British America 2171: 2145:and raised the 2067:British America 2023:Middle Colonies 1996:Treaty of Paris 1944: 1872: 1871: 1473: 1465: 1464: 1370:Jewish American 1343:Polish American 1323:German American 1279:Korean American 1269:Indian American 1240: 1232: 1231: 1086:Merchant Marine 1056:Law enforcement 924:Racial violence 898: 890: 889: 696:Progressive Era 504: 500: 481: 479:History of the 440: 435:United Colonies 415: 401: 368: 358: 335: 333:Treaty of Paris 322: 309: 296: 283: 270: 257: 240: 227: 214: 212:Virginia Colony 201: 173: 167: 158: 152: 114: 102: 95: 92: 80: 75: 69: 68: 61: 44: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14563: 14553: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14532: 14527: 14522: 14517: 14512: 14507: 14492: 14491: 14479: 14467: 14465:British Empire 14444: 14443: 14441: 14440: 14435: 14428: 14427: 14420: 14412: 14411: 14408: 14407: 14404: 14403: 14400: 14399: 14397: 14396: 14391: 14386: 14381: 14380: 14379: 14369: 14368: 14367: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14340:Mass shootings 14337: 14332: 14331: 14330: 14328:Climate change 14325: 14315: 14310: 14309: 14308: 14303: 14298: 14293: 14288: 14283: 14278: 14273: 14266:Discrimination 14263: 14258: 14257: 14256: 14246: 14240: 14238: 14234: 14233: 14231: 14230: 14225: 14220: 14215: 14210: 14205: 14200: 14195: 14190: 14185: 14180: 14179: 14178: 14173: 14168: 14158: 14157: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14121: 14115: 14113: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14103: 14098: 14093: 14088: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14063: 14058: 14056:American Dream 14053: 14047: 14045: 14039: 14038: 14036: 14035: 14030: 14025: 14023:Transportation 14020: 14015: 14010: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13970: 13969: 13968: 13963: 13958: 13956:Mount Rushmore 13953: 13943: 13938: 13933: 13928: 13927: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13896: 13891: 13890: 13889: 13884: 13879: 13869: 13864: 13859: 13854: 13853: 13852: 13842: 13837: 13836: 13835: 13825: 13820: 13815: 13814: 13813: 13808: 13798: 13797: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13700: 13698: 13685: 13679: 13678: 13675: 13674: 13672: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13635: 13633: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13576:Federal budget 13573: 13568: 13563: 13562: 13561: 13556: 13551: 13546: 13541: 13536: 13531: 13526: 13521: 13516: 13514:Communications 13511: 13506: 13495: 13489: 13483: 13482: 13479: 13478: 13475: 13474: 13472: 13471: 13466: 13465: 13464: 13459: 13454: 13444: 13443: 13442: 13437: 13435:exceptionalism 13432: 13422: 13417: 13416: 13415: 13413:foreign policy 13405: 13404: 13403: 13398: 13388: 13382: 13379: 13378: 13375: 13374: 13372: 13371: 13370: 13369: 13358: 13356: 13350: 13349: 13347: 13346: 13341: 13335: 13333: 13327: 13326: 13324: 13323: 13318: 13313: 13308: 13303: 13298: 13293: 13288: 13283: 13278: 13272: 13270: 13266: 13265: 13263: 13262: 13257: 13252: 13247: 13241: 13239: 13230: 13224: 13223: 13221: 13220: 13215: 13214: 13213: 13203: 13202: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13181: 13175: 13173: 13167: 13166: 13163: 13162: 13160: 13159: 13154: 13149: 13144: 13138: 13136: 13130: 13129: 13127: 13126: 13125: 13124: 13114: 13113: 13112: 13110:Chief justices 13105:Supreme courts 13101: 13099: 13093: 13092: 13090: 13089: 13084: 13078: 13076: 13070: 13069: 13067: 13066: 13065: 13064: 13054: 13049: 13044: 13039: 13034: 13029: 13024: 13019: 13018: 13017: 13007: 13006: 13005: 12994: 12992: 12983: 12966: 12965: 12962: 12961: 12959: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12947: 12946: 12944:National Guard 12941: 12936: 12931: 12926: 12921: 12916: 12905: 12903: 12897: 12896: 12894: 12893: 12888: 12887: 12886: 12881: 12876: 12871: 12861: 12856: 12855: 12854: 12847:Bill of Rights 12843: 12841: 12835: 12834: 12832: 12831: 12826: 12821: 12820: 12819: 12817:list of judges 12814: 12812:list of courts 12800: 12799: 12798: 12796:list of judges 12788: 12787: 12786: 12781: 12776: 12765: 12763: 12757: 12756: 12754: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12731:Capitol Police 12728: 12727: 12726: 12721: 12716: 12706: 12705: 12704: 12699: 12688: 12686: 12680: 12679: 12677: 12676: 12671: 12666: 12661: 12660: 12659: 12654: 12652:Secret Service 12649: 12644: 12639: 12634: 12629: 12624: 12619: 12609: 12608: 12607: 12602: 12597: 12592: 12582: 12577: 12572: 12567: 12565:Vice President 12562: 12561: 12560: 12555: 12544: 12542: 12535: 12522: 12516: 12515: 12512: 12511: 12509: 12508: 12503: 12498: 12493: 12492: 12491: 12486: 12481: 12476: 12471: 12466: 12461: 12456: 12445: 12444: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12423: 12418: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12378: 12373: 12368: 12363: 12353: 12352: 12351: 12349:National Parks 12341: 12340: 12339: 12334: 12329: 12324: 12319: 12309: 12304: 12302:Extreme points 12299: 12294: 12293: 12292: 12287: 12282: 12277: 12272: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12241: 12235: 12229: 12228: 12225: 12224: 12222: 12221: 12216: 12211: 12206: 12201: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12180: 12178: 12174: 12173: 12171: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12159: 12158: 12153: 12143: 12138: 12133: 12128: 12123: 12118: 12113: 12108: 12103: 12098: 12097: 12096: 12086: 12081: 12076: 12071: 12066: 12061: 12060: 12059: 12054: 12049: 12041: 12036: 12031: 12026: 12021: 12016: 12011: 12006: 12001: 11996: 11991: 11989:Federalist Era 11986: 11985: 11984: 11982:Bill of Rights 11979: 11969: 11964: 11963: 11962: 11957: 11947: 11946: 11945: 11940: 11930: 11925: 11923:Lee Resolution 11920: 11915: 11914: 11913: 11908: 11903: 11898: 11893: 11888: 11883: 11873: 11867: 11865: 11861: 11860: 11858: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11837: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11801: 11799: 11792: 11786: 11785: 11783: articles 11777: 11776: 11769: 11762: 11754: 11745: 11744: 11742: 11741: 11730: 11727: 11726: 11719: 11717: 11715: 11714: 11709: 11704: 11699: 11694: 11689: 11684: 11679: 11674: 11669: 11664: 11659: 11654: 11649: 11644: 11639: 11634: 11629: 11624: 11618: 11615: 11614: 11607: 11606: 11599: 11592: 11584: 11575: 11574: 11571: 11570: 11567: 11566: 11564: 11563: 11558: 11553: 11552: 11551: 11546: 11541: 11536: 11531: 11526: 11521: 11516: 11511: 11509:Minor holidays 11506: 11501: 11496: 11491: 11486: 11481: 11476: 11471: 11466: 11456: 11451: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11431: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11410: 11408: 11404: 11403: 11401: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11385: 11379: 11377: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11369: 11361: 11355: 11353: 11345: 11344: 11342: 11341: 11340:Related topics 11330: 11329: 11326: 11325: 11323: 11322: 11317: 11312: 11310:Bill of Rights 11307: 11302: 11295: 11290: 11285: 11280: 11275: 11269: 11266: 11265: 11255: 11254: 11251: 11250: 11247: 11246: 11243: 11242: 11240: 11239: 11234: 11229: 11224: 11219: 11214: 11209: 11204: 11199: 11193: 11191: 11184: 11180: 11179: 11176: 11175: 11173: 11172: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11127: 11122: 11117: 11112: 11107: 11102: 11097: 11092: 11087: 11081: 11079: 11075: 11074: 11072: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11046: 11041: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11011: 11006: 11001: 10996: 10991: 10986: 10981: 10976: 10971: 10966: 10961: 10956: 10951: 10946: 10941: 10936: 10931: 10925: 10923: 10916: 10912: 10911: 10908: 10907: 10905: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10863: 10861: 10857: 10856: 10854: 10853: 10848: 10843: 10838: 10833: 10828: 10823: 10818: 10813: 10808: 10803: 10798: 10793: 10788: 10782: 10780: 10773: 10765: 10764: 10754: 10753: 10750: 10749: 10746: 10745: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10723: 10717: 10715: 10714:Loyal colonies 10711: 10710: 10708: 10707: 10702: 10700:South Carolina 10697: 10692: 10687: 10685:North Carolina 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10641: 10639: 10637:Rebel colonies 10630: 10622: 10619: 10618: 10616: 10615: 10610: 10605: 10599: 10597: 10593: 10592: 10590: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10577:Sint Eustatius 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10537:"First Salute" 10534: 10528: 10526: 10522: 10521: 10519: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10493: 10488: 10483: 10481:Kings Mountain 10478: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10373: 10371:Harlem Heights 10368: 10363: 10361:Valcour Island 10358: 10353: 10348: 10343: 10338: 10332: 10330: 10323: 10322: 10320: 10319: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10284: 10279: 10274: 10269: 10264: 10258: 10256: 10251: 10248: 10247: 10244: 10243: 10241: 10240: 10235: 10230: 10229: 10228: 10223: 10218: 10207: 10205: 10201: 10200: 10198: 10197: 10192: 10187: 10182: 10176: 10174: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10164: 10159: 10154: 10149: 10143: 10141: 10128: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10116: 10113: 10110: 10107: 10104: 10101: 10090: 10089: 10086: 10085: 10082: 10081: 10079: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10058: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10032: 10030: 10026: 10025: 10023: 10022: 10017: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9996:Lee Resolution 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9914:Black Patriots 9911: 9906: 9901: 9896: 9891: 9886: 9881: 9875: 9873: 9869: 9868: 9866: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9850: 9845: 9840: 9835: 9830: 9825: 9820: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9794: 9789: 9784: 9778: 9776: 9771: 9768: 9767: 9765: 9764: 9762:Black Loyalist 9759: 9754: 9749: 9744: 9739: 9737:North ministry 9734: 9729: 9724: 9719: 9714: 9709: 9703: 9701: 9697: 9696: 9694: 9693: 9688: 9683: 9676: 9669: 9662: 9657: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9635: 9630: 9625: 9620: 9615: 9609: 9607: 9599: 9598: 9585: 9584: 9577: 9576: 9569: 9562: 9554: 9545: 9544: 9542: 9541: 9531: 9520: 9517: 9516: 9514: 9513: 9507: 9506:(1899–present) 9501: 9500:(1898–present) 9495: 9489: 9488:(1867–present) 9483: 9482:(1867–present) 9480:Howland Island 9477: 9471: 9470:(1860–present) 9465: 9464:(1858–present) 9462:Navassa Island 9459: 9458:(1858–present) 9456:Johnston Atoll 9453: 9452:(1858–present) 9447: 9446:(1857–present) 9441: 9435: 9429: 9422: 9419: 9418: 9416: 9415: 9405: 9402: 9401: 9399: 9398: 9392: 9386: 9380: 9374: 9368: 9367: 9366: 9360: 9352:Ryukyu Islands 9348: 9345: 9344: 9342: 9341: 9331: 9328: 9327: 9325: 9324: 9323:(1986–present) 9318: 9317:(1917–present) 9312: 9306: 9305:(1899–present) 9303:American Samoa 9300: 9299: 9298: 9292: 9286: 9277: 9276: 9275: 9269: 9263: 9252: 9251:(1898–present) 9245: 9242: 9241: 9239: 9238: 9232: 9229: 9228: 9226: 9225: 9219: 9213: 9212: 9211: 9205: 9199: 9190: 9184: 9178: 9172: 9166: 9160: 9154: 9148: 9142: 9136: 9130: 9129: 9128: 9122: 9113: 9107: 9101: 9095: 9089: 9088: 9087: 9081: 9075: 9066: 9060: 9054: 9048: 9042: 9036: 9026: 9020: 9014: 9008: 9002: 8995: 8992: 8991: 8989: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8968: 8962: 8959: 8958: 8951: 8950: 8943: 8936: 8928: 8919: 8918: 8916: 8915: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8897: 8889: 8881: 8873: 8865: 8857: 8848: 8845: 8844: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8833: 8832: 8826: 8820: 8814: 8808: 8802: 8796: 8790: 8787:New Netherland 8784: 8783: 8782: 8776: 8770: 8764: 8761:French Florida 8752: 8751: 8750: 8744: 8738: 8732: 8726: 8720: 8714: 8708: 8702: 8696: 8690: 8684: 8678: 8672: 8660: 8653: 8650: 8649: 8647: 8646: 8642: 8639: 8638: 8636: 8635: 8629: 8623: 8617: 8611: 8605: 8599: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8575: 8572:Indian Reserve 8569: 8563: 8557: 8551: 8545: 8539: 8533: 8520: 8514: 8508: 8502: 8496: 8490: 8484: 8478: 8472: 8466: 8460: 8453: 8450: 8449: 8447: 8446: 8439: 8436: 8435: 8433: 8432: 8426: 8423:South Carolina 8420: 8417:North Carolina 8414: 8408: 8402: 8396: 8390: 8384: 8378: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8353: 8350: 8349: 8347: 8346: 8341: 8336: 8331: 8326: 8321: 8315: 8312: 8311: 8304: 8303: 8296: 8289: 8281: 8275: 8274: 8268: 8254: 8253:External links 8251: 8250: 8249: 8235: 8216: 8202: 8179: 8152: 8149: 8148: 8147: 8141: 8125: 8111: 8105: 8086: 8080: 8067: 8058: 8037: 8021: 8018: 8017: 8016: 8010: 7993: 7987: 7970: 7964: 7944: 7938: 7918: 7912: 7893: 7887: 7872: 7854: 7848: 7831: 7825: 7805: 7799: 7782: 7767: 7761: 7741: 7735: 7715: 7709: 7687: 7681: 7657: 7654: 7653: 7652: 7633: 7627: 7609: 7603: 7587: 7549: 7543: 7524: 7518: 7500: 7483: 7472: 7466: 7450: 7444: 7424: 7418: 7402: 7396: 7381: 7374: 7364: 7358: 7345: 7316: 7296: 7293: 7290: 7289: 7286:. Vol. 2. 7271: 7236: 7225: 7204: 7189: 7178:(8): 951–963. 7162: 7159:. Vol. 5. 7157:Historiography 7147: 7112: 7105: 7082: 7067: 7034: 7022: 7005: 6993: 6974: 6971:. p. 306. 6959: 6944: 6924: 6909: 6889: 6874: 6854: 6852:, p. 665. 6842: 6820: 6792: 6769: 6744: 6721: 6718:. p. 688. 6706: 6691: 6668: 6657:(2): 123–134. 6637: 6620: 6603: 6591: 6584: 6562: 6547: 6527: 6520: 6502: 6495: 6477: 6470: 6452: 6445: 6427: 6400: 6387: 6374: 6367: 6349: 6336: 6317: 6310: 6292: 6285: 6265: 6250: 6238: 6226:1930census.com 6213: 6183: 6177:978-1133944522 6176: 6158: 6123:(1): 165–183. 6107: 6100: 6074: 6041: 6029: 6017: 6001: 5989: 5977: 5962: 5950: 5938: 5926: 5914: 5897: 5878:(3): 453–478. 5862: 5833: 5813: 5798: 5786: 5774: 5762: 5758:Richter (2011) 5750: 5730: 5726:Richter (2011) 5718: 5714:Richter (2011) 5706: 5702:Richter (2011) 5694: 5692:, p. 345. 5690:Richter (2011) 5682: 5670: 5668:, p. 362. 5666:Richter (2011) 5658: 5656:, p. 361. 5654:Richter (2011) 5646: 5644:, p. 360. 5642:Richter (2011) 5634: 5622: 5609: 5596: 5592:Richter (2011) 5584: 5580:Richter (2011) 5572: 5560: 5548: 5536: 5532:Richter (2011) 5524: 5506: 5502:Richter (2011) 5494: 5490:Richter (2011) 5482: 5463:(3): 439–459. 5447: 5440: 5420: 5405: 5372: 5350: 5330: 5315: 5308: 5286: 5271: 5256: 5241: 5225: 5212: 5199: 5186: 5171: 5147: 5125: 5105: 5093: 5067: 5038: 5015: 5011:Richter (2011) 5003: 4988: 4968: 4941:(2): 199–203. 4921: 4903:Mintz Steven. 4895: 4880: 4850: 4825: 4809: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4800: 4799: 4789: 4775: 4762: 4744: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4737: 4736: 4730: 4725: 4720: 4715: 4710: 4705: 4700: 4695: 4690: 4685: 4680: 4673: 4670: 4669: 4668: 4660: 4653: 4614:Ashley Jackson 4578: 4577:Historiography 4575: 4526: 4525: 4516: 4511: 4506: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4492: 4486: 4469:Main article: 4466: 4463: 4417:Main article: 4414: 4411: 4372: 4369: 4344: 4341: 4321:letters patent 4299:Board of Trade 4275:Main article: 4272: 4269: 4259:universities. 4200:Main article: 4197: 4194: 4159:Roger Williams 4096:Congregational 4071:Main article: 4068: 4065: 4046: 4045: 4040: 4037: 4034: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4023: 4020: 4017: 4014: 3990:Main article: 3987: 3984: 3981: 3980: 3977: 3974: 3971: 3968: 3965: 3961: 3960: 3957: 3954: 3951: 3950: 3947: 3942: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3931: 3926: 3923: 3919: 3918: 3915: 3912: 3909: 3906: 3903: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3893: 3888: 3885: 3881: 3880: 3877: 3874: 3871: 3866: 3863: 3857: 3856: 3853: 3850: 3847: 3842: 3839: 3833: 3832: 3829: 3826: 3823: 3820: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3807: 3804: 3801: 3798: 3795: 3785: 3784: 3781: 3778: 3775: 3772: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3719: 3718: 3715: 3711: 3710: 3707: 3703: 3702: 3699: 3695: 3694: 3691: 3687: 3686: 3683: 3679: 3678: 3675: 3671: 3670: 3667: 3663: 3662: 3659: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3643: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3631: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3619: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3607: 3606: 3603: 3599: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3590: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3577: 3567: 3564: 3498:Main article: 3495: 3492: 3480:British troops 3385:Main article: 3382: 3379: 3291: 3288: 3284:Indian Reserve 3264:Townshend Acts 3246: 3243: 3177:British Empire 3110:Robert Jenkins 3087: 3084: 3044:Main article: 3041: 3038: 2982:Philip Ludwell 2970: 2967: 2948:In 1685, King 2896:Roger Williams 2835: 2832: 2789:series of wars 2731:New Netherland 2719:Delaware River 2701: 2698: 2654:King Charles I 2643:Chesapeake Bay 2634: 2631: 2602: 2599: 2595:Roanoke Colony 2575: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2529:Main article: 2526: 2523: 2522: 2521: 2515: 2514: 2513: 2507: 2495: 2485: 2467:Main article: 2464: 2461: 2449: 2448: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2434: 2428: 2414: 2411:Roger Williams 2398: 2397: 2396: 2390: 2374: 2368: 2367: 2366: 2360: 2346: 2340: 2299:Chesapeake Bay 2283:Main article: 2280: 2277: 2234:Kennebec River 2222:London Company 2212:In 1606, King 2200: 2191: 2182: 2170: 2167: 2159:Dutch Republic 2094:New Netherland 2059:South Carolina 2055:North Carolina 1960:Atlantic coast 1946: 1945: 1943: 1942: 1935: 1928: 1920: 1917: 1916: 1915: 1914: 1904: 1893: 1892: 1890:Historiography 1887: 1882: 1874: 1873: 1868: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1855: 1847: 1846: 1842: 1841: 1840: 1839: 1834: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1814: 1806: 1805: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1778: 1773: 1768: 1763: 1758: 1753: 1748: 1743: 1738: 1733: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1713: 1708: 1703: 1698: 1693: 1688: 1683: 1678: 1673: 1668: 1663: 1658: 1653: 1648: 1643: 1638: 1633: 1628: 1623: 1618: 1613: 1608: 1603: 1598: 1593: 1588: 1583: 1578: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1553: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1539: 1538: 1537: 1535:The West Coast 1532: 1527: 1519: 1518: 1514: 1513: 1512: 1511: 1509:Indian removal 1506: 1501: 1496: 1491: 1483: 1482: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1467: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1450: 1438: 1431: 1430: 1429: 1424: 1412: 1411: 1410: 1408:Saudi American 1405: 1400: 1395: 1393:Iraqi American 1390: 1385: 1373: 1366: 1365: 1364: 1352: 1351: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1335: 1330: 1328:Irish American 1325: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1305: 1293: 1292: 1291: 1286: 1281: 1276: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1253:Asian American 1249: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1207: 1195: 1194: 1193: 1191:Sexual slavery 1181: 1174: 1167: 1166: 1165: 1160: 1155: 1150: 1145: 1140: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1089: 1082: 1075: 1074: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1061:Postal service 1058: 1053: 1051:Foreign policy 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1006: 999: 998: 997: 985: 984: 983: 971: 970: 969: 957: 956: 955: 950: 945: 940: 928: 927: 926: 914: 907: 899: 896: 895: 892: 891: 886: 885: 882: 878: 877: 875: 867: 866: 863: 856: 855: 853: 845: 844: 841: 834: 833: 831: 823: 822: 819: 812: 811: 808: 801: 800: 798: 790: 789: 786: 779: 778: 775: 768: 767: 765: 757: 756: 753: 746: 745: 742: 735: 734: 731: 724: 723: 720: 713: 712: 710: 702: 701: 698: 691: 690: 687: 680: 679: 676: 669: 668: 666: 658: 657: 654: 647: 646: 644: 636: 635: 632: 630:Jacksonian Era 625: 624: 621: 614: 613: 611: 603: 602: 599: 592: 591: 588: 586:Federalist Era 581: 580: 578: 570: 569: 566: 559: 558: 555: 548: 547: 545: 537: 536: 533: 525: 524: 521: 505: 498: 497: 494: 493: 485: 484: 474: 473: 463: 462: 457: 453: 452: 449: 448: 445: 444: 437: 428: 425: 424: 422:New Netherland 419: 411: 410: 405: 393: 392: 387: 377: 376: 373: 372: 369: 366: 363: 362: 359: 356: 353: 352: 349: 348: 344: 343: 340: 339: 336: 330: 327: 326: 323: 317: 314: 313: 310: 304: 301: 300: 297: 291: 288: 287: 284: 278: 275: 274: 271: 265: 262: 261: 258: 251:New Netherland 248: 245: 244: 241: 235: 232: 231: 228: 222: 219: 218: 215: 209: 206: 205: 202: 199:Roanoke Colony 196: 193: 192: 189: 188: 185: 181: 180: 177: 176: 168: 165: 162: 161: 153: 150: 147: 146: 143: 142: 139: 135: 134: 128: 124: 123: 120: 116: 115: 112: 104: 103: 93: 82: 81: 70: 62: 55: 54: 51: 50: 46: 45: 42: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14562: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14531: 14528: 14526: 14523: 14521: 14518: 14516: 14513: 14511: 14508: 14506: 14503: 14502: 14500: 14490: 14489:North America 14480: 14478: 14473: 14468: 14466: 14456: 14455: 14452: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14430: 14425: 14421: 14418: 14414: 14413: 14409: 14395: 14392: 14390: 14387: 14385: 14382: 14378: 14375: 14374: 14373: 14370: 14366: 14363: 14362: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14329: 14326: 14324: 14321: 14320: 14319: 14316: 14314: 14313:Energy policy 14311: 14307: 14304: 14302: 14299: 14297: 14294: 14292: 14289: 14287: 14284: 14282: 14279: 14277: 14274: 14272: 14269: 14268: 14267: 14264: 14262: 14259: 14255: 14254:incarceration 14252: 14251: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14241: 14239: 14235: 14229: 14226: 14224: 14221: 14219: 14216: 14214: 14211: 14209: 14206: 14204: 14201: 14199: 14196: 14194: 14191: 14189: 14186: 14184: 14181: 14177: 14174: 14172: 14169: 14167: 14164: 14163: 14162: 14159: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14139:Prenatal care 14137: 14135: 14134:Birth control 14132: 14130: 14127: 14126: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14116: 14114: 14112: 14108: 14102: 14099: 14097: 14094: 14092: 14089: 14087: 14084: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14071:Homeownership 14069: 14067: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14048: 14046: 14044: 14040: 14034: 14031: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14019: 14016: 14014: 14011: 14009: 14006: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13967: 13964: 13962: 13959: 13957: 13954: 13952: 13949: 13948: 13947: 13944: 13942: 13939: 13937: 13934: 13932: 13929: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13901: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13888: 13885: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13875: 13874: 13873: 13870: 13868: 13865: 13863: 13860: 13858: 13855: 13851: 13848: 13847: 13846: 13843: 13841: 13838: 13834: 13831: 13830: 13829: 13826: 13824: 13821: 13819: 13816: 13812: 13809: 13807: 13804: 13803: 13802: 13799: 13795: 13794:working class 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13754:homeownership 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13741: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13701: 13699: 13697: 13693: 13689: 13686: 13684: 13680: 13670: 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13636: 13634: 13632: 13628: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13560: 13557: 13555: 13552: 13550: 13547: 13545: 13542: 13540: 13537: 13535: 13534:Manufacturing 13532: 13530: 13527: 13525: 13522: 13520: 13517: 13515: 13512: 13510: 13507: 13505: 13502: 13501: 13500: 13497: 13496: 13493: 13490: 13488: 13484: 13470: 13467: 13463: 13462:Third parties 13460: 13458: 13455: 13453: 13450: 13449: 13448: 13445: 13441: 13438: 13436: 13433: 13431: 13428: 13427: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13414: 13411: 13410: 13409: 13406: 13402: 13399: 13397: 13394: 13393: 13392: 13389: 13387: 13384: 13383: 13380: 13368: 13365: 13364: 13363: 13360: 13359: 13357: 13355: 13351: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13336: 13334: 13332: 13328: 13322: 13319: 13317: 13314: 13312: 13309: 13307: 13304: 13302: 13299: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13273: 13271: 13267: 13261: 13258: 13256: 13253: 13251: 13248: 13246: 13243: 13242: 13240: 13238: 13234: 13231: 13229: 13225: 13219: 13216: 13212: 13209: 13208: 13207: 13204: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13186: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13176: 13174: 13172: 13168: 13158: 13155: 13153: 13150: 13148: 13145: 13143: 13140: 13139: 13137: 13135: 13131: 13123: 13120: 13119: 13118: 13115: 13111: 13108: 13107: 13106: 13103: 13102: 13100: 13098: 13094: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13079: 13077: 13075: 13071: 13063: 13060: 13059: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13040: 13038: 13035: 13033: 13030: 13028: 13025: 13023: 13020: 13016: 13013: 13012: 13011: 13008: 13004: 13001: 13000: 12999: 12996: 12995: 12993: 12991: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12976: 12971: 12967: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12945: 12942: 12940: 12937: 12935: 12932: 12930: 12927: 12925: 12922: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12911: 12910: 12907: 12906: 12904: 12902: 12898: 12892: 12889: 12885: 12882: 12880: 12877: 12875: 12872: 12870: 12867: 12866: 12865: 12862: 12860: 12857: 12853: 12850: 12849: 12848: 12845: 12844: 12842: 12840: 12836: 12830: 12829:U.S. attorney 12827: 12825: 12822: 12818: 12815: 12813: 12810: 12809: 12808: 12804: 12801: 12797: 12794: 12793: 12792: 12789: 12785: 12782: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12774:Chief Justice 12772: 12771: 12770: 12769:Supreme Court 12767: 12766: 12764: 12762: 12758: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12725: 12722: 12720: 12717: 12715: 12712: 12711: 12710: 12707: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12695: 12694: 12693: 12690: 12689: 12687: 12685: 12681: 12675: 12674:Public policy 12672: 12670: 12669:Civil service 12667: 12665: 12662: 12658: 12655: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12638: 12635: 12633: 12630: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12613: 12610: 12606: 12603: 12601: 12598: 12596: 12593: 12591: 12588: 12587: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12559: 12556: 12554: 12551: 12550: 12549: 12546: 12545: 12543: 12539: 12536: 12534: 12530: 12526: 12523: 12521: 12517: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12499: 12497: 12494: 12490: 12487: 12485: 12482: 12480: 12477: 12475: 12472: 12470: 12467: 12465: 12462: 12460: 12457: 12455: 12452: 12451: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12382: 12379: 12377: 12374: 12372: 12369: 12367: 12364: 12362: 12359: 12358: 12357: 12354: 12350: 12347: 12346: 12345: 12342: 12338: 12337:Sierra Nevada 12335: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12318: 12315: 12314: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12303: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12291: 12288: 12286: 12283: 12281: 12278: 12276: 12275:insular zones 12273: 12271: 12268: 12266: 12263: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12247: 12246: 12243: 12242: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12230: 12220: 12217: 12215: 12212: 12210: 12207: 12205: 12202: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12181: 12179: 12175: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12157: 12154: 12152: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12146:War on Terror 12144: 12142: 12139: 12137: 12134: 12132: 12129: 12127: 12126:LGBT Movement 12124: 12122: 12119: 12117: 12114: 12112: 12109: 12107: 12104: 12102: 12099: 12095: 12092: 12091: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12075: 12072: 12070: 12067: 12065: 12062: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12040: 12037: 12035: 12032: 12030: 12027: 12025: 12022: 12020: 12017: 12015: 12012: 12010: 12007: 12005: 12002: 12000: 11997: 11995: 11992: 11990: 11987: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11974: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11952: 11951: 11948: 11944: 11941: 11939: 11936: 11935: 11934: 11931: 11929: 11926: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11912: 11909: 11907: 11904: 11902: 11899: 11897: 11894: 11892: 11889: 11887: 11884: 11882: 11879: 11878: 11877: 11874: 11872: 11869: 11868: 11866: 11862: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11836: 11833: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11802: 11800: 11796: 11793: 11791: 11787: 11782: 11781:United States 11775: 11770: 11768: 11763: 11761: 11756: 11755: 11752: 11740: 11739: 11735: 11732: 11731: 11728: 11723: 11713: 11710: 11708: 11705: 11703: 11700: 11698: 11695: 11693: 11690: 11688: 11685: 11683: 11680: 11678: 11675: 11673: 11670: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11660: 11658: 11655: 11653: 11650: 11648: 11645: 11643: 11640: 11638: 11635: 11633: 11630: 11628: 11625: 11623: 11620: 11619: 11616: 11612: 11605: 11600: 11598: 11593: 11591: 11586: 11585: 11582: 11562: 11559: 11557: 11554: 11550: 11547: 11545: 11542: 11540: 11537: 11535: 11532: 11530: 11527: 11525: 11522: 11520: 11517: 11515: 11512: 11510: 11507: 11505: 11502: 11500: 11497: 11495: 11492: 11490: 11487: 11485: 11484:Patriots' Day 11482: 11480: 11477: 11475: 11472: 11470: 11467: 11465: 11462: 11461: 11460: 11459:Commemoration 11457: 11455: 11452: 11450: 11447: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11430: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11411: 11409: 11405: 11399: 11398:Yankee Doodle 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11384: 11381: 11380: 11378: 11374: 11368: 11367: 11362: 11360: 11357: 11356: 11354: 11350: 11346: 11339: 11338: 11335: 11331: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11300: 11296: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11276: 11274: 11271: 11270: 11267: 11260: 11256: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11228: 11227:de Rochambeau 11225: 11223: 11220: 11218: 11215: 11213: 11210: 11208: 11205: 11203: 11200: 11198: 11195: 11194: 11192: 11188: 11185: 11181: 11171: 11168: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11126: 11123: 11121: 11118: 11116: 11113: 11111: 11108: 11106: 11103: 11101: 11098: 11096: 11093: 11091: 11088: 11086: 11083: 11082: 11080: 11076: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11050: 11047: 11045: 11042: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11015: 11012: 11010: 11007: 11005: 11002: 11000: 10997: 10995: 10992: 10990: 10987: 10985: 10982: 10980: 10977: 10975: 10972: 10970: 10967: 10965: 10962: 10960: 10957: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10947: 10945: 10942: 10940: 10937: 10935: 10932: 10930: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10920: 10917: 10913: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10858: 10852: 10849: 10847: 10844: 10842: 10839: 10837: 10834: 10832: 10829: 10827: 10824: 10822: 10819: 10817: 10814: 10812: 10809: 10807: 10804: 10802: 10799: 10797: 10794: 10792: 10789: 10787: 10784: 10783: 10781: 10777: 10774: 10770: 10766: 10759: 10755: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10722: 10719: 10718: 10716: 10712: 10706: 10703: 10701: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10670:New Hampshire 10668: 10666: 10665:Massachusetts 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10638: 10634: 10631: 10620: 10614: 10611: 10609: 10606: 10604: 10601: 10600: 10598: 10594: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10523: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10494: 10492: 10489: 10487: 10484: 10482: 10479: 10477: 10474: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10382: 10379: 10377: 10374: 10372: 10369: 10367: 10364: 10362: 10359: 10357: 10354: 10352: 10349: 10347: 10344: 10342: 10339: 10337: 10334: 10333: 10331: 10329: 10324: 10318: 10317:Naval battles 10315: 10313: 10310: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10283: 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10259: 10257: 10252:Campaigns and 10249: 10239: 10236: 10234: 10231: 10227: 10224: 10222: 10219: 10217: 10214: 10213: 10212: 10209: 10208: 10206: 10202: 10196: 10193: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10177: 10175: 10173: 10169: 10163: 10160: 10158: 10155: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10144: 10142: 10140: 10136: 10132: 10129: 10125: 10121: 10114: 10111: 10108: 10105: 10102: 10099: 10098: 10095: 10091: 10077: 10074: 10072: 10069: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10057: 10056:Gaspee affair 10054: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10033: 10031: 10027: 10021: 10018: 10016: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9931: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9907: 9905: 9902: 9900: 9897: 9895: 9892: 9890: 9887: 9885: 9882: 9880: 9877: 9876: 9874: 9870: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9851: 9849: 9846: 9844: 9841: 9839: 9836: 9834: 9831: 9829: 9826: 9824: 9821: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9798: 9795: 9793: 9790: 9788: 9785: 9783: 9780: 9779: 9777: 9769: 9763: 9760: 9758: 9755: 9753: 9750: 9748: 9745: 9743: 9740: 9738: 9735: 9733: 9730: 9728: 9725: 9723: 9720: 9718: 9715: 9713: 9712:Bute ministry 9710: 9708: 9705: 9704: 9702: 9698: 9692: 9689: 9687: 9684: 9681: 9677: 9674: 9670: 9667: 9663: 9661: 9660:Spirit of '76 9658: 9656: 9655: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9639: 9636: 9634: 9633:Republicanism 9631: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9619: 9616: 9614: 9611: 9610: 9608: 9604: 9600: 9596: 9590: 9586: 9582: 9575: 9570: 9568: 9563: 9561: 9556: 9555: 9552: 9540: 9532: 9530: 9522: 9521: 9518: 9511: 9508: 9505: 9502: 9499: 9498:Palmyra Atoll 9496: 9493: 9490: 9487: 9484: 9481: 9478: 9475: 9472: 9469: 9466: 9463: 9460: 9457: 9454: 9451: 9450:Jarvis Island 9448: 9445: 9442: 9439: 9436: 9433: 9432:Roncador Bank 9430: 9427: 9424: 9423: 9420: 9414: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9403: 9396: 9393: 9390: 9387: 9384: 9381: 9378: 9375: 9372: 9371:Bonin Islands 9369: 9364: 9361: 9358: 9355: 9354: 9353: 9350: 9349: 9346: 9340: 9339:United States 9336: 9333: 9332: 9329: 9322: 9319: 9316: 9313: 9310: 9307: 9304: 9301: 9296: 9293: 9290: 9287: 9284: 9281: 9280: 9278: 9273: 9270: 9267: 9264: 9261: 9258: 9257: 9256: 9253: 9250: 9247: 9246: 9243: 9237: 9234: 9233: 9230: 9223: 9220: 9217: 9214: 9209: 9206: 9203: 9200: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9185: 9182: 9179: 9176: 9173: 9170: 9167: 9164: 9161: 9158: 9155: 9152: 9149: 9146: 9143: 9140: 9137: 9134: 9131: 9126: 9123: 9120: 9117: 9116: 9114: 9111: 9108: 9105: 9102: 9099: 9096: 9093: 9090: 9085: 9082: 9079: 9076: 9073: 9070: 9069: 9067: 9064: 9061: 9058: 9055: 9052: 9049: 9046: 9043: 9040: 9037: 9034: 9030: 9027: 9024: 9021: 9018: 9015: 9012: 9009: 9006: 9003: 9000: 8997: 8996: 8993: 8987: 8984: 8982: 8979: 8977: 8974: 8972: 8969: 8967: 8964: 8963: 8960: 8956: 8949: 8944: 8942: 8937: 8935: 8930: 8929: 8926: 8914: 8906: 8905: 8902: 8893: 8890: 8885: 8882: 8877: 8874: 8869: 8866: 8861: 8858: 8853: 8850: 8849: 8846: 8842: 8837: 8830: 8827: 8824: 8821: 8818: 8815: 8812: 8809: 8806: 8803: 8800: 8797: 8794: 8791: 8788: 8785: 8780: 8777: 8774: 8771: 8768: 8765: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8756: 8753: 8748: 8745: 8742: 8739: 8736: 8733: 8730: 8727: 8724: 8721: 8718: 8715: 8712: 8711:Spanish Texas 8709: 8706: 8703: 8700: 8697: 8694: 8691: 8688: 8685: 8682: 8679: 8676: 8673: 8670: 8666: 8665: 8664: 8661: 8658: 8655: 8654: 8651: 8644: 8643: 8640: 8633: 8630: 8627: 8624: 8621: 8618: 8615: 8612: 8609: 8606: 8603: 8600: 8597: 8594: 8591: 8588: 8585: 8582: 8579: 8576: 8573: 8570: 8567: 8564: 8561: 8558: 8555: 8552: 8549: 8546: 8543: 8542:Rupert's Land 8540: 8537: 8534: 8524: 8521: 8518: 8515: 8512: 8509: 8506: 8503: 8500: 8497: 8494: 8491: 8488: 8485: 8482: 8479: 8476: 8473: 8470: 8467: 8464: 8461: 8458: 8455: 8454: 8451: 8445: 8444:United States 8441: 8440: 8437: 8430: 8427: 8424: 8421: 8418: 8415: 8412: 8409: 8406: 8403: 8400: 8397: 8394: 8391: 8388: 8385: 8382: 8379: 8376: 8373: 8370: 8367: 8364: 8363:New Hampshire 8361: 8358: 8355: 8354: 8351: 8345: 8342: 8340: 8337: 8335: 8332: 8330: 8327: 8325: 8322: 8320: 8317: 8316: 8313: 8309: 8302: 8297: 8295: 8290: 8288: 8283: 8282: 8279: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8263: 8260: 8257: 8256: 8246: 8242: 8238: 8232: 8228: 8224: 8223: 8217: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8203:0-8352-0624-6 8199: 8195: 8191: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8178: 8173: 8172:Bobbs-Merrill 8169: 8168: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8154: 8144: 8142:9781258057220 8138: 8134: 8131:(1924–1925). 8130: 8126: 8122: 8121: 8117:(1904–1907). 8116: 8112: 8108: 8106:9780804705936 8102: 8098: 8094: 8093: 8087: 8083: 8081:9780837195438 8077: 8073: 8068: 8066: 8061: 8059:9781404760943 8055: 8052: 8048: 8047: 8042: 8038: 8034: 8033: 8028: 8024: 8023: 8013: 8011:9780631210115 8007: 8003: 7999: 7994: 7990: 7988:9781444396287 7984: 7980: 7976: 7971: 7967: 7965:9780060912512 7961: 7957: 7956:HarperCollins 7953: 7949: 7945: 7941: 7939:9780672606885 7935: 7931: 7930:Bobbs-Merrill 7927: 7923: 7919: 7915: 7913:9780722271841 7909: 7905: 7901: 7900: 7894: 7890: 7884: 7880: 7879: 7873: 7869: 7865: 7864: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7849:9780191662744 7845: 7841: 7837: 7832: 7828: 7826:9780300133554 7822: 7818: 7814: 7810: 7809:Elliott, John 7806: 7802: 7800:9780684196091 7796: 7792: 7788: 7783: 7779: 7775: 7774: 7768: 7764: 7762:9780802715128 7758: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7736:9781331210658 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7712: 7710:9781404762626 7706: 7702: 7698: 7697: 7692: 7688: 7684: 7682:9780844615103 7678: 7674: 7670: 7669: 7664: 7660: 7659: 7641: 7640: 7634: 7630: 7628:9780393253870 7624: 7620: 7619: 7614: 7610: 7606: 7604:9780142002100 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7584: 7573: 7569: 7565: 7561: 7557: 7556: 7550: 7546: 7540: 7536: 7532: 7531: 7525: 7521: 7519:9780674055803 7515: 7511: 7510: 7505: 7501: 7499: 7495: 7492: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7479: 7473: 7469: 7467:9780195162479 7463: 7459: 7455: 7451: 7447: 7445:9780822301936 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7421: 7419:9780300082906 7415: 7411: 7407: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7389: 7388: 7382: 7379: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7361: 7359:9781405116749 7355: 7351: 7346: 7335: 7331: 7327: 7323: 7319: 7313: 7309: 7308: 7303: 7299: 7298: 7285: 7281: 7275: 7267: 7255: 7247: 7240: 7233: 7228: 7226:9781305537422 7222: 7218: 7217: 7208: 7200: 7193: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7166: 7158: 7151: 7143: 7139: 7135: 7131: 7127: 7123: 7116: 7108: 7106:9780199605415 7102: 7098: 7097: 7092: 7086: 7078: 7071: 7055: 7051: 7050: 7045: 7038: 7031: 7026: 7018: 7017: 7009: 7002: 6997: 6990: 6986: 6983: 6978: 6970: 6963: 6955: 6951: 6947: 6945:0-8191-2898-8 6941: 6937: 6936: 6928: 6920: 6913: 6906: 6902: 6901: 6893: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6875:9781419107078 6871: 6867: 6866: 6858: 6851: 6846: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6821:0-631-21011-3 6817: 6813: 6809: 6805: 6804: 6796: 6790: 6786: 6783: 6779: 6773: 6767: 6751: 6747: 6745:0-465-02968-X 6741: 6734: 6733: 6725: 6717: 6710: 6702: 6698: 6694: 6692:0-8371-9543-8 6688: 6684: 6683: 6675: 6673: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6641: 6633: 6632: 6624: 6616: 6615: 6607: 6600: 6595: 6587: 6585:9781135267971 6581: 6577: 6573: 6566: 6558: 6554: 6550: 6544: 6540: 6539: 6531: 6523: 6521:9780199977536 6517: 6513: 6506: 6498: 6496:9780691045887 6492: 6488: 6481: 6473: 6471:9780813120263 6467: 6463: 6456: 6448: 6446:0-674-00091-9 6442: 6438: 6431: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6404: 6397: 6391: 6384: 6378: 6370: 6368:9780807845837 6364: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6340: 6334: 6333: 6329: 6321: 6313: 6311:9780275957995 6307: 6303: 6296: 6288: 6286:9780195167771 6282: 6278: 6277: 6269: 6261: 6254: 6247: 6242: 6227: 6223: 6217: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6187: 6179: 6173: 6169: 6162: 6154: 6150: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6111: 6103: 6101:9780231063395 6097: 6093: 6088: 6087: 6078: 6067: 6063: 6059: 6052: 6045: 6038: 6033: 6026: 6021: 6014: 6010: 6005: 5998: 5993: 5986: 5985:Taylor (2016) 5981: 5973: 5966: 5959: 5958:Taylor (2016) 5954: 5947: 5946:Taylor (2016) 5942: 5935: 5934:Taylor (2016) 5930: 5923: 5922:Taylor (2016) 5918: 5910: 5909: 5901: 5893: 5889: 5885: 5881: 5877: 5873: 5866: 5860: 5859:0-7425-1189-8 5856: 5852: 5851: 5844: 5840: 5836: 5834:0-7425-1189-8 5830: 5826: 5825: 5817: 5809: 5802: 5796:, pp. 187–188 5795: 5790: 5783: 5782:Taylor (2016) 5778: 5771: 5770:Taylor (2016) 5766: 5759: 5754: 5746: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5727: 5722: 5715: 5710: 5703: 5698: 5691: 5686: 5679: 5674: 5667: 5662: 5655: 5650: 5643: 5638: 5631: 5630:Taylor (2016) 5626: 5619: 5613: 5606: 5600: 5593: 5588: 5581: 5576: 5570:, p. 25. 5569: 5568:Taylor (2016) 5564: 5558:, p. 23. 5557: 5556:Taylor (2016) 5552: 5546:, p. 20. 5545: 5544:Taylor (2016) 5540: 5533: 5528: 5520: 5516: 5510: 5503: 5498: 5491: 5486: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5466: 5462: 5458: 5457:The Historian 5451: 5443: 5437: 5433: 5432: 5424: 5416: 5409: 5390: 5383: 5376: 5361: 5357: 5353: 5347: 5343: 5342: 5334: 5326: 5319: 5311: 5305: 5300: 5299: 5290: 5282: 5275: 5267: 5260: 5252: 5245: 5239: 5235: 5229: 5222: 5216: 5209: 5206:Jaap Jacobs, 5203: 5196: 5190: 5182: 5175: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5159: 5151: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5122: 5118: 5117: 5109: 5102: 5101:Taylor (2002) 5097: 5082: 5078: 5071: 5063: 5062: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5048:Roebuck, John 5042: 5035: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5019: 5012: 5007: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4972: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4944: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4910: 4906: 4899: 4891: 4887: 4883: 4881:9781438477848 4877: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4854: 4839: 4835: 4829: 4822: 4817: 4815: 4810: 4793: 4786: 4779: 4772: 4766: 4759: 4755: 4749: 4745: 4734: 4731: 4729: 4726: 4724: 4721: 4719: 4716: 4714: 4711: 4709: 4706: 4704: 4701: 4699: 4696: 4694: 4691: 4689: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4666: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4638: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4625: 4623: 4617: 4615: 4609: 4607: 4603: 4599: 4595: 4590: 4584: 4574: 4571: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4542: 4538: 4534: 4524: 4520: 4517: 4515: 4512: 4510: 4507: 4505: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4493: 4491: 4488: 4487: 4477: 4472: 4462: 4459: 4457: 4453: 4449: 4445: 4440: 4438: 4437:New Amsterdam 4434: 4428: 4426: 4420: 4410: 4408: 4404: 4400: 4394: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4377: 4368: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4349: 4340: 4338: 4334: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4317: 4315: 4310: 4308: 4302: 4300: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4278: 4268: 4264: 4260: 4258: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4226: 4222: 4218: 4208: 4203: 4193: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4172: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4107: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4063: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4044: 4041: 4038: 4035: 4032: 4029: 4028: 4024: 4021: 4018: 4015: 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During the 3423: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3403: 3398: 3394: 3388: 3378: 3376: 3372: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3354: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3335: 3331: 3326: 3324: 3320: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3302: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3272: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3242: 3239: 3234: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3203: 3201: 3198:proposed the 3197: 3193: 3188: 3186: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3164: 3162: 3158: 3153: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3139: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3118:Edward Vernon 3115: 3111: 3103: 3098: 3093: 3083: 3081: 3077: 3076:Presbyterians 3074: 3070: 3064: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3047: 3037: 3035: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3002: 2999: 2994: 2992: 2988: 2983: 2978: 2976: 2966: 2963: 2959: 2958:Edmund Andros 2955: 2951: 2946: 2944: 2940: 2939:New Hampshire 2935: 2933: 2929: 2924: 2923:Samuel Gorton 2920: 2916: 2911: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2852: 2851: 2845: 2841: 2831: 2829: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2785: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2770: 2768: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2750:New Amsterdam 2747: 2743: 2739: 2734: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2720: 2716: 2706: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2686:John Colleton 2682: 2681:Royal Charter 2678: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2650: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2626: 2621: 2616: 2612: 2608: 2598: 2596: 2591: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2572: 2569: 2566: 2563: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2542: 2538: 2532: 2519: 2516: 2511: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2501: 2499: 2496: 2493: 2489: 2486: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2460: 2459:(1686–1689). 2458: 2454: 2444: 2442: 2441:Samuel Gorton 2438: 2435: 2432: 2429: 2426: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2408: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2399: 2394: 2391: 2388: 2385: 2384: 2382: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2354: 2350: 2347: 2344: 2341: 2338: 2337:Popham Colony 2335: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2321: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2291: 2286: 2276: 2274: 2270: 2267:. In 1768, a 2266: 2262: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2239: 2235: 2231: 2230:Popham Colony 2227: 2223: 2219: 2215: 2207: 2198: 2189: 2180: 2175: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2133: 2129: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2112: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2097: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2082: 2080: 2076: 2072: 2068: 2064: 2060: 2056: 2052: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2036: 2032: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2011:Massachusetts 2008: 2007:New Hampshire 2004: 1999: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1982:to fight the 1981: 1977: 1973: 1969: 1965: 1964:North America 1961: 1957: 1953: 1941: 1936: 1934: 1929: 1927: 1922: 1921: 1919: 1918: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1903: 1895: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1885:List of years 1883: 1881: 1878: 1877: 1876: 1875: 1864: 1856: 1854: 1853:Urban history 1851: 1850: 1849: 1848: 1844: 1843: 1838: 1835: 1833: 1830: 1828: 1825: 1823: 1820: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1777: 1774: 1772: 1769: 1767: 1764: 1762: 1759: 1757: 1754: 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12416:Northeastern 12381:Mid-Atlantic 12371:Great Plains 12089:World War II 11972:Constitution 11885: 11876:Colonial era 11855:2008–present 11736: 11733: 11621: 11524:Bicentennial 11407:Other topics 11393:Liberty Tree 11365: 11305:Constitution 11297: 11202:Beaumarchais 11090:Samuel Adams 10841:William Howe 10836:Richard Howe 10736:West Florida 10721:East Florida 10695:Rhode Island 10690:Pennsylvania 10636: 10623:Involvement 10567:Gordon Riots 10552:Valley Forge 10547:Conway Cabal 10525:Other events 10287:Philadelphia 10185:British Army 10138: 10076:Powder Alarm 10006:Model Treaty 9928: 9686:Expansionism 9654:Common Sense 9652: 9510:Corn Islands 9486:Midway Atoll 9474:Swan Islands 9468:Kingman Reef 9444:Baker Island 9438:Serrana Bank 9297:1952–present 9295:Commonwealth 9279:Puerto Rico 9272:Commonwealth 8980: 8840: 8817:Krabbeninsel 8590:West Florida 8584:East Florida 8405:Pennsylvania 8381:Rhode Island 8307: 8221: 8188: 8166: 8132: 8123:. Macmillan. 8119: 8091: 8071: 8045: 8031: 7997: 7974: 7951: 7925: 7898: 7877: 7862: 7835: 7812: 7786: 7772: 7753:Walker Books 7748: 7722: 7695: 7667: 7644:. Retrieved 7638: 7616: 7613:Taylor, Alan 7594: 7591:Taylor, Alan 7581:– via 7575:. Retrieved 7554: 7529: 7507: 7486: 7477: 7457: 7435: 7432:Winks, Robin 7409: 7386: 7377: 7367: 7349: 7337:. Retrieved 7306: 7295:Bibliography 7283: 7274: 7245: 7239: 7230: 7215: 7207: 7198: 7192: 7175: 7171: 7165: 7156: 7150: 7125: 7121: 7115: 7095: 7085: 7076: 7070: 7058:. Retrieved 7054:the original 7047: 7037: 7025: 7015: 7008: 6996: 6977: 6968: 6962: 6934: 6927: 6918: 6912: 6904: 6899: 6892: 6864: 6857: 6845: 6833:. Retrieved 6802: 6795: 6777: 6772: 6757:. 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Retrieved 4837: 4828: 4792: 4778: 4771:Newfoundland 4765: 4748: 4635: 4627: 4619: 4610: 4586: 4565:West Florida 4541:Newfoundland 4530: 4490:Newfoundland 4460: 4441: 4429: 4422: 4395: 4391: 4387: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4350: 4346: 4343:British role 4335:to form the 4329:Rhode Island 4318: 4311: 4303: 4283:royal colony 4280: 4265: 4261: 4213: 4176: 4115:Presbyterian 4108: 4076: 4060: 4056: 4049: 4042: 3995: 3852:Scots-Irish 3756: 3736: 3728: 3549: 3542: 3508:, including 3503: 3465: 3450: 3430: 3422:Philadelphia 3411: 3362:Philadelphia 3355: 3327: 3316: 3306:Join, or Die 3304: 3273: 3248: 3235: 3231:West Florida 3204: 3190:At the 1754 3189: 3181: 3165: 3154: 3140:the town of 3112:sparked the 3107: 3065: 3053: 3049: 3046:Mercantilism 3034:Ohio Country 3030:Ohio Company 3022: 3003: 2995: 2979: 2972: 2969:18th century 2947: 2936: 2919:Rhode Island 2912: 2900:Narragansett 2894: 2867: 2848: 2837: 2828:William Penn 2825: 2813: 2786: 2771: 2738:Peter Minuit 2735: 2715:Hudson River 2712: 2666: 2651: 2636: 2601:17th century 2592: 2576: 2478: 2450: 2427:, and others 2331:royal colony 2303:Cape Lookout 2258: 2211: 2136: 2113: 2109:mercantilism 2098: 2083: 2071:The Floridas 2035:Pennsylvania 2015:Rhode Island 2000: 1972:Philadelphia 1951: 1949: 1440: 1433: 1414: 1375: 1368: 1354: 1295: 1251: 1244: 1197: 1183: 1178:Social class 1176: 1169: 1130: 1104:Marine Corps 1091: 1084: 1077: 1041:Debt ceiling 1026:Civil rights 1008: 1001: 987: 973: 959: 930: 918:Civil unrest 916: 911:Antisemitism 909: 902: 884:2008–present 872:2008–present 870: 848: 826: 793: 760: 751:World War II 705: 661: 639: 606: 573: 540: 530:Colonial Era 528: 516: 510: 470: 390:Succeeded by 389: 384: 367:• 1775 357:• 1625 85: 36: 14360:Immigration 14291:LGBT rights 14193:Food safety 14028:Video games 13621:Wall Street 13601:Public debt 13504:Agriculture 13440:nationalism 13152:Uniform act 13074:Legislative 12981:Territorial 12939:Coast Guard 12934:Space Force 12684:Legislative 12479:Red (South) 12469:Mississippi 12391:New England 12327:Appalachian 12297:Earthquakes 12194:Discoveries 12189:Demographic 12131:Vietnam War 12074:World War I 12069:Imperialism 12019:Indian Wars 11994:War of 1812 11170:Witherspoon 11054:von Steuben 11009:Charles Lee 10726:Nova Scotia 10645:Connecticut 10516:The Saintes 10471:Springfield 10436:Stony Point 10366:Long Island 10351:Bunker Hill 10272:Nova Scotia 9863:Prohibitory 9853:Restraining 9843:Intolerable 9823:Declaratory 9512:(1914–1971) 9504:Wake Island 9494:(1869–1981) 9476:(1863–1972) 9440:(1856–1981) 9434:(1856–1981) 9428:(1856–1979) 9397:(1860–1901) 9391:(1848–1863) 9385:(1947–1994) 9379:(1945–1968) 9373:(1945–1968) 9311:(1903–1979) 9255:Philippines 9224:(1900–1959) 9218:(1868–1890) 9189:(1864–1889) 9183:(1863–1912) 9177:(1863–1890) 9171:(1861–1889) 9165:(1861–1876) 9159:(1861–1864) 9153:(1854–1867) 9147:(1854–1861) 9141:(1853–1889) 9135:(1850–1896) 9119:Provisional 9115:New Mexico 9112:(1849–1858) 9106:(1848–1859) 9100:(1838–1846) 9094:(1836–1848) 9065:(1822–1845) 9059:(1819–1836) 9053:(1817–1819) 9047:(1809–1818) 9041:(1805–1837) 9035:(1805–1821) 9025:(1804–1812) 9019:(1800–1816) 9013:(1798–1817) 9011:Mississippi 9007:(1790–1796) 9001:(1787–1803) 8966:Organic act 8879:(1630–1651) 8831:(1799–1867) 8819:(1689–1693) 8813:(1685–1754) 8807:(1672–1917) 8801:(1638–1655) 8795:(1625–1672) 8789:(1614–1667) 8775:, 1665–1733 8769:, 1651–1665 8763:, 1562–1565 8759:1534–1763; 8749:, 1804–1821 8743:, 1783–1821 8737:, 1783–1821 8731:, 1776–1821 8725:, 1769–1801 8719:, 1767–1804 8713:, 1690–1821 8707:, 1650–1651 8701:, 1607–1801 8695:, 1598–1821 8689:, 1580–1898 8683:, 1565–1898 8677:, 1565–1821 8675:New Navarre 8671:, 1565–1763 8667:1521–1821; 8659:(1492–1535) 8634:(1871–1903) 8628:(1866–1871) 8622:(1863–1866) 8616:(1862–1863) 8610:(1811–1818) 8604:(1810–1846) 8596:New Ireland 8592:(1763–1783) 8586:(1763–1783) 8580:(1763–1783) 8574:(1763–1783) 8568:(1686–1689) 8562:(1674–1702) 8560:West Jersey 8556:(1674–1702) 8554:East Jersey 8550:(1670–1870) 8544:(1670–1811) 8538:(1663–1712) 8530: 1680 8519:(1638–1664) 8513:(1635–1644) 8501:(1629–1663) 8495:(1625–1650) 8493:Saint Croix 8489:(1622–1658) 8471:(1607–1699) 8465:(1607–1608) 8459:(1585–1590) 8431:(1732–1776) 8425:(1712–1776) 8419:(1712–1776) 8413:(1691–1776) 8407:(1681–1776) 8401:(1664–1776) 8389:(1664–1776) 8383:(1636–1776) 8377:(1636–1776) 8375:Connecticut 8371:(1632–1776) 8359:(1607–1776) 7597:. Penguin. 7577:October 12, 7460:. Oup USA. 7339:October 12, 7262:|work= 7060:January 13, 5024:Boyer, Abel 4838:History.com 4549:Nova Scotia 4494:Nova Scotia 4484: 1750 4287:proprietary 4139:Lutheranism 4078:as well as 4052:1860 census 3869:Scots-Irish 3752:Immigration 3745:origin, 4% 3581:Population 3444:, then lay 3433:Thomas Gage 3351:Thomas Gage 3215:Nova Scotia 3200:Albany Plan 3006:Alan Taylor 2890:Connecticut 2834:New England 2821:West Jersey 2817:East Jersey 2585:in 1660 by 2510:West Jersey 2504:East Jersey 2494:(1686–1689) 2421:John Clarke 2309:; in 1607, 2273:Home Office 2041:); and the 2019:Connecticut 1804:Territories 1525:New England 1205:Agriculture 1124:Coast Guard 1119:Space Force 967:Immigration 817:Vietnam War 718:World War I 512:Prehistoric 385:Preceded by 225:New England 79:(1775–1777) 74:(1707–1775) 14499:Categories 14394:Xenophobia 14183:Disability 14124:Healthcare 14033:Visual art 13978:Philosophy 13924:television 13914:newspapers 13904:journalism 13894:Literature 13806:attainment 13457:Republican 13452:Democratic 13425:Ideologies 13386:Corruption 12951:NOAA Corps 12874:preemption 12869:federalism 12484:Rio Grande 12386:Midwestern 12366:West Coast 12361:East Coast 12204:Inventions 12116:Space Race 12111:Korean War 12094:home front 12029:Gilded Age 11514:Centennial 11469:television 11320:Jay Treaty 11217:de Guichen 11125:Huntington 11085:John Adams 11024:Montgomery 10929:Washington 10892:Rockingham 10877:Barrington 10846:Knyphausen 10816:Cornwallis 10675:New Jersey 10506:Chesapeake 10461:Charleston 10416:Germantown 10411:Brandywine 10401:Bennington 10190:Royal Navy 10180:Parliament 10127:Combatants 10100:Combatants 9879:Loyal Nine 9812:Quartering 9782:Navigation 9628:Liberalism 9618:John Locke 9606:Philosophy 9196:Department 9139:Washington 8799:New Sweden 8755:New France 8393:New Jersey 8245:1158313716 8020:Government 7888:0806313773 7646:August 24, 7572:1047483138 7232:suggested. 5309:0393016102 4890:2019049099 4872:SUNY Press 4665:common law 4452:James Otis 4433:Royal Navy 4271:Government 4257:Ivy League 4186:Methodists 4147:Anabaptism 4022:1771–1780 4019:1761–1770 4016:1701–1760 4013:1620–1700 3717:2,148,076 3709:1,593,625 3701:1,170,760 3545:George III 3510:John Adams 3262:, and the 3219:Hudson Bay 3142:Louisbourg 3025:Ohio River 2799:ended the 2774:New Sweden 2690:Charleston 2605:See also: 2587:Charles II 2535:See also: 2417:Portsmouth 2307:John White 2295:east coast 2086:Protestant 2031:New Jersey 1079:Journalism 1031:Corruption 1010:Government 961:Demography 948:Newspapers 839:Reagan Era 685:Gilded Age 523:until 1607 347:Population 171:George III 127:Government 14377:Terrorism 14154:Rationing 14051:Affluence 13998:Sexuality 13966:Uncle Sam 13872:Languages 13801:Education 13744:affluence 13704:Americana 13631:Transport 13529:Insurance 13519:Companies 13499:By sector 13391:Elections 13032:Treasurer 12990:Executive 12929:Air Force 12901:Uniformed 12724:President 12541:Executive 12312:Mountains 12245:Territory 12233:Geography 12057:1954–1968 12052:1896–1954 12047:1865–1896 12009:Civil War 11850:1991–2008 11845:1980–1991 11840:1964–1980 11835:1945–1964 11830:1917–1945 11825:1865–1917 11820:1849–1865 11815:1815–1849 11810:1789–1815 11805:1776–1789 11798:By period 11388:Diplomacy 11376:Political 11359:Prisoners 11263:Aftermath 11237:Vergennes 11212:de Grasse 11207:d'Estaing 11197:Louis XVI 11135:Jefferson 11100:Dickinson 11044:St. Clair 11029:Nicholson 11004:Lafayette 10964:Duportail 10934:Alexander 10902:Shelburne 10786:Arbuthnot 10625:(by 10491:Pensacola 10451:Gibraltar 10426:St. Lucia 10391:Princeton 10103:Campaigns 9956:Minutemen 9872:Colonials 9828:Townshend 9757:Loyalists 9700:Royalists 9365:1950–1972 9359:1945–1950 9291:1900–1952 9285:1898–1900 9274:1935–1946 9268:1901–1935 9262:1898–1901 9210:1912–1959 9208:Territory 9204:1884–1912 9198:1867–1884 9127:1850–1912 9125:Territory 9121:1846–1850 9110:Minnesota 9092:Wisconsin 9086:1890–1907 9084:Territory 9080:1850–1890 9078:Panhandle 9074:1834–1907 9068:Oklahoma 9029:Louisiana 9005:Southwest 8999:Northwest 8663:New Spain 8517:New Haven 8469:Jamestown 7456:(2005) . 7334:19213819M 7264:ignored ( 7254:cite book 7211:Compare: 6884:309336967 6557:759158222 6231:March 17, 6206:March 17, 6025:Mays 2019 5135:825768138 5045:Also see 4998:682892448 4955:0021-969X 4805:Citations 4797:servants. 4573:Florida. 4533:New World 4196:Education 4157:preacher 4153:variety. 4151:Mennonite 4127:Huguenots 3970:Colonies 3964:Colonies 3908:Scottish 3898:Scottish 3579:Estimated 3375:Loyalists 3266:of 1767. 3252:Sugar Act 3211:Louisiana 3173:world war 3069:New Light 2904:Canonicus 2882:New Haven 2850:Mayflower 2767:Sephardim 2744:from the 2742:Manhattan 2736:In 1626, 2709:colonies. 2652:In 1632, 2639:Jamestown 2404:chartered 2381:chartered 2357:Charles I 2327:chartered 2311:Jamestown 2090:Jamestown 2075:Caribbean 1998:in 1783. 1530:The South 1114:Air Force 989:Education 865:1991–2008 850:1991–2008 843:1981–1991 828:1980–1991 821:1964–1975 810:1954–1968 795:1964–1980 788:1954–1968 777:1945–1964 762:1945–1964 755:1941–1945 744:1929–1941 733:1918–1929 722:1917–1918 707:1917–1945 700:1896–1917 689:1877–1896 678:1865–1877 663:1865–1917 656:1849–1865 641:1849–1865 634:1825–1849 623:1817–1825 608:1815–1849 601:1801–1817 590:1788–1801 575:1789–1815 568:1783–1788 557:1765–1783 542:1776–1789 535:1607–1765 371:2,400,000 299:1754–1763 253:ceded to 49:1607–1776 14477:Monarchy 14433:Category 14129:Abortion 13993:Religion 13951:Columbia 13909:internet 13845:Holidays 13840:Folklore 13811:literacy 13749:eviction 13639:Aviation 13611:Taxation 13566:Currency 13559:by state 13469:Scandals 13339:Township 13097:Judicial 12998:Governor 12761:Judicial 12647:Marshals 12520:Politics 12474:Missouri 12464:Columbia 12459:Colorado 12454:Arkansas 12447:Longest 12426:Southern 12411:Northern 12255:counties 12209:Military 12199:Economic 12177:By topic 12156:Iraq War 12106:Cold War 11864:By event 11734:Concept: 11352:Military 11105:Franklin 11078:Civilian 11059:Sullivan 11049:Schuyler 10979:Hamilton 10954:Claghorn 10922:Military 10915:Colonial 10897:Sandwich 10860:Civilian 10806:Carleton 10801:Campbell 10796:Burgoyne 10779:Military 10705:Virginia 10680:New York 10660:Maryland 10650:Delaware 10511:Yorktown 10446:Savannah 10421:Monmouth 10406:Saratoga 10312:Yorktown 10302:Southern 10292:Northern 10282:Saratoga 10254:theaters 10115:Colonies 10106:Theaters 9909:Patriots 9819:up i.p.o 9807:Currency 9792:Molasses 9529:Category 9357:Military 9283:Military 9260:Military 9202:District 9163:Colorado 9151:Nebraska 9057:Arkansas 9045:Illinois 9039:Michigan 9033:Missouri 8913:Category 8536:Carolina 8511:Saybrook 8499:Carolana 8481:Plymouth 8399:New York 8387:Delaware 8369:Maryland 8357:Virginia 8262:Archived 8043:(1904). 8029:(1909). 7950:(1988). 7924:(1966). 7860:(1936). 7811:(2006). 7747:(2008). 7721:(1912). 7693:(1923). 7665:(1921). 7615:(2016). 7593:(2002). 7535:ABC-CLIO 7506:(2011). 7494:Archived 7430:(1966). 7408:(1986). 7326:24301390 7304:(1780). 7282:(1965). 7093:(2013). 6985:Archived 6830:50072292 6785:Archived 6750:Archived 6663:27787750 6422:44209361 6153:27931796 6145:11632252 6066:Archived 5843:52714651 5477:24441216 5360:44954462 5050:(1779). 5026:(1720). 4963:23916451 4672:See also 4616:writes: 4523:Barbados 4307:prorogue 4182:Baptists 4171:Maryland 4161:founded 4104:Anglican 4098:and the 4067:Religion 4033:189,000 3861:Scottish 3828:African 3822:African 3806:English 3783:Percent 3777:Percent 3771:Percent 3693:905,563 3685:629,445 3677:466,185 3669:331,711 3661:250,588 3653:210,372 3645:151,507 3637:111,935 3371:Patriots 3138:captured 3059:and the 2989:and the 2886:Saybrook 2840:Pilgrims 2758:Barbados 2333:in 1691 2246:Pilgrims 2220:and the 2161:and the 2051:Virginia 2047:Maryland 2039:Delaware 2027:New York 1902:Category 1453:Lesbians 1427:Comanche 1422:Cherokee 1220:Medicine 1171:Religion 1093:Military 1066:Taxation 1016:Abortion 932:Cultural 130:Various 122:Colonies 14451:Portals 14417:Outline 14365:illegal 14350:Smoking 14213:Obesity 14096:Poverty 14018:Theater 14008:Society 13862:Housing 13823:Fashion 13779:poverty 13724:Cuisine 13696:Culture 13683:Society 13644:Driving 13571:Exports 13549:Tourism 13509:Banking 13487:Economy 13447:Parties 13291:Charter 13255:Sheriff 12702:Speaker 12570:Cabinet 12533:Federal 12441:Western 12406:Eastern 12401:Central 12396:Pacific 12356:Regions 12307:Islands 11790:History 11474:theater 11232:Suffren 11222:Luzerne 11140:Laurens 11110:Hancock 11095:Carroll 11014:Lincoln 10994:de Kalb 10984:Hopkins 10882:Germain 10872:Amherst 10811:Clinton 10772:British 10762:Leaders 10655:Georgia 10486:Cowpens 10431:Grenada 10381:Trenton 10328:battles 10307:Western 10162:Marines 10109:Battles 9539:Commons 9289:Insular 9266:Insular 9216:Wyoming 9192:Alaska 9187:Montana 9181:Arizona 9063:Florida 9051:Alabama 9023:Orleans 9017:Indiana 8457:Roanoke 8429:Georgia 8177:Alt URL 8065:Alt URL 7434:(ed.). 7380:(2011). 7370:(2000) 7155:Winks. 7142:2568604 6954:8928527 6766:Alt URL 6701:3186037 6248:, p. 88 6137:2117183 5892:2210989 5086:July 7, 4843:May 11, 4570:Patriot 4557:Bermuda 4514:Jamaica 4504:Bahamas 4500:Bermuda 4333:Warwick 4291:charter 4178:Quakers 4043:288,000 4039:15,000 4036:63,000 4030:21,000 3986:Slavery 3945:Swedish 3876:German 3815:African 3789:English 3629:75,058 3621:49,368 3613:25,734 3330:Tea Act 3205:In the 3122:assault 2902:sachem 2844:Puritan 2776:in the 2763:Walloon 2673:Roanoke 2625:James I 2437:Warwick 2431:Newport 2413:in 1636 2232:on the 2105:slavery 2063:Georgia 2021:); the 1990:as the 1958:on the 1880:Outline 1517:Regions 1448:Gay men 1225:Railway 1185:Slavery 981:Banking 975:Economy 331:• 318:• 305:• 292:• 279:• 266:• 255:England 249:• 236:• 223:• 210:• 197:• 184:History 159:(first) 138:Monarch 86:Anthem: 14438:Portal 14345:Hunger 14296:racism 14237:Issues 14111:Health 14013:Sports 13973:People 13818:Family 13789:wealth 13714:Cinema 13539:Mining 13524:Energy 13269:Cities 13237:County 13171:Tribal 12709:Senate 12553:powers 12449:rivers 12322:ranges 12290:states 12214:Postal 11366:Turtle 11190:French 11160:Revere 11155:Morris 11150:McKean 11115:Hanson 11039:Rodney 11034:Putnam 11019:Mercer 10974:Greene 10944:Arnold 10851:Rodney 10831:Graves 10821:Fraser 10731:Quebec 10476:Camden 10356:Quebec 10341:Boston 10326:Major 10267:Quebec 10262:Boston 10211:France 10112:Events 10029:Events 9838:Quebec 9222:Hawaii 9169:Dakota 9157:Nevada 9145:Kansas 9104:Oregon 8895:(1676) 8887:(1638) 8871:(1622) 8863:(1620) 8855:(1584) 8825:(1698) 8578:Quebec 8477:(1619) 8463:Popham 8243: 8233: 8212:329121 8210: 8200: 8139: 8103: 8078: 8056: 8008: 7985: 7962: 7936: 7910: 7885: 7846: 7823: 7797: 7778:Harper 7759: 7733: 7707: 7679: 7625: 7601: 7570: 7541: 7516: 7491:online 7464: 7442: 7416: 7394: 7372:online 7356: 7332: 7324: 7314: 7223: 7140: 7103: 6952: 6942: 6882: 6872: 6835:May 3, 6828: 6818: 6782:online 6759:May 3, 6742: 6699: 6689: 6661: 6582: 6555: 6545: 6518: 6493: 6468: 6443: 6420: 6365: 6308: 6283: 6174: 6151: 6143: 6135: 6098: 6027:, p. 8 5890: 5857: 5841: 5831: 5475: 5438: 5365:May 3, 5358: 5348: 5306: 5238:online 5223:(1988) 5197:(2012) 5140:May 3, 5133: 5123: 4996: 4986: 4961: 4953: 4888: 4878: 4823:, p. 9 4604:, and 4559:, and 4543:, the 4363:, and 4289:, and 4243:, the 4239:, the 4231:, the 4223:, the 4121:, and 4084:deists 4082:, and 4025:Total 3956:Other 3929:French 3922:Dutch 3914:Dutch 3845:German 3831:20.0% 3825:20.0% 3819:11.0% 3809:48.7% 3803:52.0% 3797:80.0% 3743:German 3605:4,246 3597:2,302 3524:, and 3484:Boston 3258:, the 3150:Madras 3073:Ulster 3014:Boston 2888:, and 2746:Lenape 2721:, and 2613:, and 2583:voided 2202: 2193: 2184: 2079:Canada 2073:, the 2061:, and 2037:, and 2017:, and 1912:Portal 1863:Cities 1845:Cities 1543:States 1472:Places 1239:Groups 1215:Lumber 1153:Fourth 1143:Second 953:Sports 938:Cinema 897:Topics 187: 174:(last) 141: 119:Status 88: 14424:Index 14249:Crime 14119:Aging 13936:Names 13931:Music 13919:radio 13899:Media 13729:Dance 13719:Crime 13554:Trade 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