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Theodore of Tarsus

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At some time before the 660s, Theodore had travelled west to Rome, where he lived with a community of Eastern monks, probably at the monastery of St. Anastasius. At this time, in addition to his already profound Greek intellectual inheritance, he became learned in Latin literature, both sacred and
418:, episcopal authority, itinerant monks, the regular convening of subsequent synods, marriage and prohibitions of consanguinity, and other matters. He also proposed subdividing the large diocese of Northumbria, a policy which brought him into conflict with 482:. Overlooked for many years, it was rediscovered in the 1990s, and has since been shown to contain numerous interesting elements reflecting Theodore's trans-Mediterranean formation. A record of the teaching of Theodore and Adrian is preserved in the 354:, which reached Tarsus in 637, certainly drove Theodore from Tarsus; unless he fled even earlier, Theodore would have been 35 years old when he left his birthplace. Having returned to the Eastern Roman Empire, he studied in the Byzantine capital of 476:, a major liturgical innovation, into the West. Some of his thoughts are accessible in the Biblical Commentaries, notes compiled by his students at the Canterbury School. Of immense interest is the text, recently attributed to him, called 242:
Theodore's life can be divided into the time before his arrival in Britain as Archbishop of Canterbury, and his archiepiscopate. Until recently, scholarship on Theodore had focused on only the latter period since it is attested in
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They attracted a large number of students, into whose minds they poured the waters of wholesome knowledge day by day. In addition to instructing them in the Holy Scriptures, they also taught their pupils poetry,
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in 613–614. Persian forces captured Tarsus when Theodore was 11 or 12 years old, and evidence exists that Theodore had experience of Persian culture. It is most likely that he studied at
422:, who had become Bishop of York in 664. Theodore deposed and expelled Wilfrid in 678, dividing his diocese in the aftermath. The conflict with Wilfrid was settled only in 686–687. 268: 2244: 2667: 1649: 2239: 1993: 433:, died in battle fighting against the Mercians. Theodore's intervention prevented the escalation of the war and resulted in peace between the two kingdoms, with King 2657: 2495: 2083: 2008: 2048: 234:. Accounts of his life appear in two 8th-century texts. Theodore is best known for his reform of the English Church and establishment of a school in Canterbury. 2249: 459:
Theodore and Hadrian established a school in Canterbury, providing instruction in both Greek and Latin, resulting in a "golden age" of Anglo-Saxon scholarship:
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Theodore also taught sacred music, introduced various texts, knowledge of Eastern saints, and may even have been responsible for the introduction of the
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Theodore died in 690 at the age of 88, having held the archbishopric for twenty-two years. He was buried in Canterbury at the church known today as
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after the Persian Empire conquered Tarsus and other cities. After studying there, he relocated to Rome and was later installed as the Archbishop of
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Theodore conducted a survey of the English church, appointed various bishops to sees that had lain vacant for some time, and then called the
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The Civilization of the Middle Ages: A Completely Revised and Expanded Edition of Medieval History, the Life and Death of a Civilization
402:). Theodore was consecrated archbishop of Canterbury in Rome on 26 March 668, and sent to England with Hadrian, arriving on 27 May 669. 362:(calculation of the date of Easter), astrology, medicine, Roman civil law, Greek rhetoric and philosophy, and the use of the horoscope. 2103: 1967: 1709: 1684: 944: 468:, and the calculation of the church calendar ... Never had there been such happy times as these since the English settled Britain. 2123: 3455: 2128: 296: 3636: 2662: 1845: 1437: 2849: 2767: 3048: 2637: 3345: 2394: 249: 56: 17: 3626: 3616: 3611: 3470: 1230: 1185: 1031:
Historiam ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum: Historiam abbatum; Epistolam ad Ecgberctum; una cum Historia abbatum auctore anonymo
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Like the archbishops of Canterbury before him, Theodore is venerated as a saint; his saint's day is 19 September in the
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to follow Rome, in 667, when Theodore was aged 66, the see of Canterbury happened to fall vacant.
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The Cambridge Constitutional History of the United Kingdom: Volume 2: The Changing Constitution
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reconstructed his earlier life based on a study of texts produced by his Canterbury School.
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Raine, James; Stephanus, Eddius (1879). "Vita Wilfridi Episcopi auctore Eddio Stephano".
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Constantinople and Canterbury: A Lecture in the University of Athens: 7 May 1962
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The English Experience: A Survey of English History from Early to Modern Times
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The Historians of the Church of York and its Archbishops, Issue 71, Volume 1
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Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents Relating to Great Britain and Ireland
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Biblical Commentaries from the Canterbury School of Theodore and Hadrian
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abbots in southern England, disseminating the curriculum of Theodore.
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Siemens, James R. (2007). "Christ's Restoration of Humankind in the
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Archbishop Theodore: Commemorative Studies on his Life and Influence
539:. Canterbury also recognises a feast of his ordination on 26 March. 3082: 2998: 2988: 2978: 2943: 2901: 2813: 2747: 2692: 2687: 2540: 2454: 2449: 2429: 2339: 2299: 2183: 2143: 2138: 2133: 1962: 1957: 1947: 1835: 1759: 1754: 1623: 439: 359: 320: 308: 2757: 323:, of which he was a proponent. Theodore also knew Syriac culture, 3063: 3053: 3018: 2968: 2938: 2922: 2782: 2737: 2697: 2652: 2500: 2474: 2464: 2444: 2314: 2193: 1573: 1568: 1466: 1278:
The 'Laterculus Malalianus' and the School of Archbishop Theodore
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Haddan, Arthur West; Stubbs, William; Wilkins, David (1869).
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Keynes, Simon (2023), Kumarasingham, H.; Cane, Peter (eds.),
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Gravesite of Theodore at St. Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury.
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St Theodore of Tarsus the Archbishop of Canterbury (OCA)
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Pupils from the school at Canterbury were sent out as
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An Ecclesiastical History of Great Britain (Volume 1)
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indicate a person who was elected but not confirmed.
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Johnson, Edgar Nathaniel; Zabel, Orville J. (1959).
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A History of Europe: A Cultural and Political Survey
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An Introduction to the History of Western Tradition
1361: 1218: 1121: 496:Theodore called other synods, in September 680 at 350:Though a Greek could live under Persian rule, the 1523: 839: 3578: 1163:Collier, Jeremy; Barham, Francis Foster (1840). 580:"The Kingdoms of Anglo-Saxon England (450–1066)" 1037: 872: 860: 347:, was probably brought to England by Theodore. 319:, the historic home of a distinctive school of 1393: 512:composed under his direction is still extant. 27:7th-century Archbishop of Canterbury and saint 2864: 2850: 1509: 1162: 1038:Bischoff, Bernhard; Lapidge, Michael (1994). 931: 214:; 602 – 19 September 690) was 1382: 1338: 1180:(Fifth ed.). Oxford: University Press. 1000:. Church Publishing, Inc. 17 December 2019. 629: 504:controversy, and circa 684 at Twyford, near 1297:"Ephraim the Syrian in Anglo-Saxon England" 1025: 848: 833: 821: 781: 725: 405: 370:(664) having confirmed the decision in the 2857: 2843: 1516: 1502: 1353:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 1312: 1294: 1275: 884: 677: 1368:. Vol. 1. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1142: 742: 561: 559: 557: 450: 1339:Earle, J. J.; Plummer, Charles (1899). 1250: 1213: 1194: 907: 895: 713: 701: 689: 665: 653: 641: 61:Stained glass depiction of Theodore at 14: 3579: 1239: 1173: 1119: 1102:OSV's Encyclopedia of Catholic History 1098: 1033:. Oxford: e Typographeo Clarendoniano. 919: 754: 625: 613: 577: 565: 500:, confirming English orthodoxy in the 2838: 1497: 1077: 1056: 621: 617: 554: 250:Ecclesiastical History of the English 218:from 668 to 690. Theodore grew up in 1433:Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England 446: 1063:. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. 443:compensation for Aelfwine's death. 303:, which resulted in the capture of 24: 1331: 343:, which was incorporated into the 299:between Byzantium and the Persian 291:, a Greek-speaking diocese of the 25: 3648: 2875:List of archbishops of Canterbury 1406: 1301:Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies 331:, and may even have travelled to 2225:Æbbe "the Younger" of Coldingham 1413: 1269:10.1111/j.1468-2265.2007.00303.x 55: 3637:English people of Greek descent 2768:Hwita of Whitchurch Canonicorum 1280:. Cambridge: University Press. 1199:. Cambridge: University Press. 1042:. Cambridge: University Press. 988: 963: 925: 913: 889: 878: 866: 854: 827: 815: 775: 748: 719: 707: 2220:Æbbe "the Elder" of Coldingham 1084:. London: Secker and Warburg. 695: 683: 659: 647: 635: 607: 571: 13: 1: 1525:Saints of Anglo-Saxon England 1149:"Theodore (archbishop)"  542: 522: 398:(later abbot of St. Peter's, 278: 63:St John the Evangelist Church 3627:7th-century writers in Latin 3617:7th-century Christian saints 3612:7th-century Byzantine people 1943:Edburga of Minster-in-Thanet 1225:. Oxford: University Press. 1018: 997:Lesser Feasts and Fasts 2018 951:. Orthodox Church in America 547: 7: 3632:7th-century English writers 2400:Eosterwine of Monkwearmouth 1908:Æbbe of Thanet (Domne Eafe) 1400:. London: Longman & Co. 1177:Oxford Dictionary of Saints 1174:Farmer, David Hugh (2004). 1128:. New York: HarperCollins. 1029:; Plummer, Charles (1896). 873:Bischoff & Lapidge 1994 861:Bischoff & Lapidge 1994 758:Penitential (Poenitentiale) 755:Curtin, D. P. (July 2013). 295:. Theodore's childhood saw 10: 3653: 3622:People from Tarsus, Mersin 2511:Florentius of Peterborough 2330:Ceolfrith of Monkwearmouth 1169:. London: William Straker. 1120:Cantor, Norman F. (1993). 971:"Saint Theodore of Tarsus" 824:, 4.5 (Canons of Hertford) 508:in Northumbria. Lastly, a 237: 3602:Archbishops of Canterbury 3564: 3369: 3072: 2881: 2872: 2866:Archbishops of Canterbury 2801: 2668:Beorhthelm of Shaftesbury 2590: 2564: 2483: 2450:Sigfrith of Monkwearmouth 2207: 2059:Cyneswith of Peterborough 1976: 1900: 1859: 1804: 1773: 1645:Æthelburh of Faremoutiers 1640:Æthelberht of East Anglia 1632: 1531: 1482: 1473: 1463: 1455: 1195:Lapidge, Michael (1995). 932:Collier & Barham 1840 592:10.1017/9781009277105.002 211: 191: 165: 157: 152: 142: 134: 116: 111: 103: 98: 88: 78: 70: 54: 47: 34: 2753:Frithestan of Winchester 2738:Earmund of Stoke Fleming 2305:Billfrith of Lindisfarne 2260:Æthelwold of Lindisfarne 2169:Regenhere of Northampton 1730:Sigeberht of East Anglia 1685:Cuthbald of Peterborough 1476:Archbishop of Canterbury 1314:10.31826/hug-2010-010116 1295:Stevenson, Jane (1998). 1276:Stevenson, Jane (1995). 1240:Ramsey, Michael (1962). 1099:Bunson, Matthew (2004). 808:after reconsecration to 630:Johnson & Zabel 1959 406:Archbishop of Canterbury 216:Archbishop of Canterbury 49:Archbishop of Canterbury 3607:7th-century archbishops 3496:Archibald Campbell Tait 2824:Urith of Chittlehampton 2778:Margaret of Dunfermline 2673:Beornstan of Winchester 2658:Benignus of Glastonbury 2648:Æthelwold of Winchester 2638:Æthelnoth of Canterbury 2496:Firmin of North Crawley 2491:Augustine of Canterbury 2380:Eardwulf of Northumbria 2360:Eadfrith of Lindisfarne 2350:Eadberht of Lindisfarne 2335:Ceolwulf of Northumbria 2245:Æthelgyth of Coldingham 2084:Eadweard of Maugersbury 1938:Deusdedit of Canterbury 1933:Berhtwald of Canterbury 1221:The Anglo-Saxon Library 1155:Encyclopædia Britannica 849:Bede & Plummer 1896 834:Bede & Plummer 1896 822:Bede & Plummer 1896 782:Bede & Plummer 1896 726:Bede & Plummer 1896 498:Hatfield, Hertfordshire 431:Ecgfrith of Northumbria 345:Old English Martyrology 178:Eastern Orthodox Church 3476:Charles Manners-Sutton 3407:Episcopacy abolished ( 2814:Juthwara of Sherbourne 2783:Swithhun of Winchester 2723:Eadweard the Confessor 2633:Æthelgar of Canterbury 2613:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury 2556:Theodore of Canterbury 2541:Mellitus of Canterbury 2536:Laurence of Canterbury 2521:Honorius of Canterbury 2365:Eadwine of Northumbria 2355:Eadfrith of Leominster 2235:Ælfwald of Northumbria 2119:Frithuwold of Chertsey 2054:Cynehelm of Winchcombe 2049:Cyneburh of Gloucester 2024:Beorhthelm of Stafford 1999:Æthelmod of Leominster 1963:Nothhelm of Canterbury 1948:Eanswith of Folkestone 1887:Indract of Glastonbury 1710:Hiurmine of Blythburgh 1690:Eadmund of East Anglia 1609:Patrick of Glastonbury 456: 429:, the brother of King 18:Theodore of Canterbury 3181:John of Sittingbourne 3131:Reginald Fitz Jocelin 2788:Wulfsige of Sherborne 2713:Eadgyth of Polesworth 2703:Eadburh of Winchester 2698:Dunstan of Canterbury 2643:Æthelwine of Athelney 2623:Ælfheah of Winchester 2618:Ælfheah of Canterbury 2582:Lewina of Bishopstone 2572:Cuthflæd of Lyminster 2516:Hadrian of Canterbury 2501:Birinus of Dorchester 2440:Oswine of Northumbria 2435:Oswald of Northumbria 2280:Balthere of Tyningham 2265:Alchhild of Middleham 2240:Æthelburh of Hackness 2174:Rumbold of Buckingham 2114:Frithuswith of Oxford 2089:Ealdgyth of Stortford 2074:Eadburh of Southwell 1994:Æthelberht of Bedford 1989:Ælfthryth of Crowland 1928:Albinus of Canterbury 1892:Maildub of Malmesbury 1836:Grimbald of St Bertin 1564:Congar of Congresbury 1554:Branwalator of Milton 1341:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 1253:Laterculus Malalianus 975:www.moodycatholic.com 910:, pp. 33, 87–88. 784:, 4.2 (Appointments: 479:Laterculus Malalianus 454: 264:Vita Sancti Wilfrithi 3466:Frederick Cornwallis 2793:Wulfthryth of Wilton 2763:Humbert of Stokenham 2693:Cwenburh of Wimborne 2678:Beornwald of Bampton 2653:Aldhelm of Sherborne 2577:Cuthmann of Steyning 2531:Justus of Canterbury 2345:Dryhthelm of Melrose 2300:Bercthun of Beverley 2109:Frithuric of Breedon 2094:Earconwald of London 2079:Eadgyth of Aylesbury 2009:Æthelwynn of Sodbury 1953:Eormengyth of Thanet 1867:Aidan of Lindisfarne 1786:Hildelith of Barking 1781:Æthelburh of Barking 1705:Herefrith of Thorney 1660:Æthelwine of Lindsey 1594:Melorius of Amesbury 1389:. Vol. 1. Ginn. 1257:The Heythrop Journal 1078:Bowle, John (1979). 1057:Bowle, John (1971). 761:. Dalcassian Press. 517:St Augustine's Abbey 474:Litany of the Saints 3501:Edward White Benson 2758:Hædde of Winchester 2728:Eadweard the Martyr 2688:Cuthburh of Wimborn 2628:Æthelflæd of Romsey 2551:Peter of Canterbury 2430:Osthryth of Bardney 2320:Ceadda of Lichfield 2199:Wulfhild of Barking 2184:Werburgh of Chester 2159:Oswald of Worcester 2149:Milred of Worcester 2134:Mildburh of Wenlock 2124:Hæmma of Leominster 2069:Eadburh of Pershore 2064:Eadburh of Bicester 1851:Wulfram of Grantham 1841:Monegunda of Watton 1750:Walstan of Bawburgh 1740:Torthred of Thorney 1700:Guthlac of Crowland 1650:Æthelflæd of Ramsey 1589:Judoc of Winchester 1579:Elfin of Warrington 1549:Brannoc of Braunton 1470:(vacant four years) 792:, Aelfric Putta to 3284:William Whittlesey 3262:Thomas Bradwardine 3205:William Chillenden 3194:Edmund of Abingdon 3098:William de Corbeil 3059:Robert of Jumièges 3034:Ælfric of Abingdon 2929:Theodore of Tarsus 2819:Rumbold of Mechlin 2683:Centwine of Wessex 2663:Beocca of Chertsey 2465:Wilfrith of Hexham 2460:Wihtberht of Ripon 2370:Ealdberht of Ripon 2340:Cuthbert of Durham 2270:Alchmund of Hexham 2255:Æthelwold of Farne 2250:Æthelsige of Ripon 2164:Osburh of Coventry 2144:Mildrith of Thanet 2104:Freomund of Mercia 2044:Cyneburh of Castor 2029:Coenwulf of Mercia 2004:Æthelred of Mercia 1968:Sigeburh of Thanet 1958:Mildrith of Thanet 1918:Æthelburh of Kent 1913:Æthelberht of Kent 1860:Irish and Scottish 1816:Balthild of Romsey 1735:Tancred of Thorney 1675:Botwulf of Thorney 1665:Athwulf of Thorney 1655:Æthelthryth of Ely 1624:Sativola of Exeter 1614:Rumon of Tavistock 1599:Nectan of Hartland 1574:Decuman of Watchet 568:, pp. 496–497 457: 435:Æthelred of Mercia 372:Anglo-Saxon Church 257:731), and also in 204:Theodore of Tarsus 183:Anglican Communion 42:Theodore of Tarsus 3574: 3573: 3294:William Courtenay 3250:John de Stratford 3228:Robert Winchelsey 3114:Roger de Bailleul 2832: 2831: 2809:Arilda of Oldbury 2773:Mærwynn of Romsey 2718:Eadgyth of Wilton 2708:Eadgar of England 2608:Ælfgifu of Exeter 2603:Ælfgar of Selwood 2455:Tatberht of Ripon 2390:Ecgberht of Ripon 2325:Cedd of Lichfield 2230:Ælfflæd of Whitby 2194:Wigstan of Repton 2154:Oda of Canterbury 2039:Credan of Evesham 2019:Beonna of Breedon 1872:Boisil of Melrose 1846:Odwulf of Evesham 1695:Eadnoth of Ramsey 1680:Cissa of Crowland 1569:Dachuna of Bodmin 1544:Barloc of Norbury 1492: 1491: 1483:Succeeded by 1232:978-0-19-923969-6 1187:978-0-19-860949-0 1007:978-1-64065-235-4 601:978-1-009-27710-5 537:Roman Martyrology 447:Canterbury School 412:Synod of Hertford 289:Tarsus in Cilicia 287:descent, born in 230:on the orders of 201: 200: 16:(Redirected from 3644: 3511:Randall Davidson 3506:Frederick Temple 3486:John Bird Sumner 3426:William Sancroft 3392:Richard Bancroft 3370:Post-Reformation 3329:Thomas Bourchier 3273:William Edington 3211:Robert Kilwardby 3168:Richard le Grant 3162:Walter d'Eynsham 3125:Baldwin of Forde 3120:Richard of Dover 2859: 2852: 2845: 2836: 2835: 2743:Edor of Chertsey 2733:Eadwold of Cerne 2598:Æbbe of Abingdon 2546:Paulinus of York 2526:James the Deacon 2475:Wilgils of Ripon 2445:Sicgred of Ripon 2420:John of Beverley 2315:Botwine of Ripon 2290:Bega of Copeland 2275:Alkmund of Derby 2099:Egwin of Evesham 2034:Cotta of Breedon 1984:Ælfnoth of Stowe 1923:Æthelred of Kent 1882:Ultan the Scribe 1831:Helier of Jersey 1765:Wulfric of Holme 1670:Blida of Martham 1604:Neot of Cornwall 1559:Credan of Bodmin 1539:Aldate of Oxford 1518: 1511: 1504: 1495: 1494: 1464:Preceded by 1453: 1452: 1423: 1418: 1417: 1416: 1401: 1390: 1379: 1358: 1352: 1344: 1326: 1316: 1291: 1272: 1247: 1236: 1224: 1215:Lapidge, Michael 1210: 1191: 1170: 1159: 1151: 1139: 1127: 1116: 1095: 1074: 1053: 1034: 1012: 1011: 992: 986: 985: 983: 981: 967: 961: 960: 958: 956: 941: 935: 929: 923: 917: 911: 905: 899: 898:, pp. 18–28 893: 887: 882: 876: 870: 864: 858: 852: 846: 837: 831: 825: 819: 813: 779: 773: 772: 752: 746: 740: 729: 723: 717: 711: 705: 699: 693: 687: 681: 675: 669: 663: 657: 651: 645: 639: 633: 611: 605: 604: 575: 569: 563: 352:Muslim conquests 297:devastating wars 293:Byzantine Empire 283:Theodore was of 269:Bernard Bischoff 259:Stephen of Ripon 213: 196:Pre-Congregation 138:19 September 690 128:Byzantine Empire 112:Personal details 74:19 September 690 64: 59: 32: 31: 21: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3646: 3645: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3577: 3576: 3575: 3570: 3560: 3526:Geoffrey Fisher 3491:Charles Longley 3421:Gilbert Sheldon 3365: 3240:Walter Reynolds 3156:Stephen Langton 3103:Theobald of Bec 3093:Ralph d'Escures 3068: 2877: 2868: 2863: 2833: 2828: 2797: 2586: 2560: 2479: 2425:Osana of Howden 2405:Hilda of Whitby 2295:Benedict Biscop 2203: 2179:Tibba of Ryhall 1972: 1896: 1855: 1826:Felix of Dommoc 1808: 1806: 1800: 1796:Sæbbi of London 1769: 1760:Wihtburh of Ely 1745:Tova of Thorney 1725:Seaxburh of Ely 1720:Pega of Peakirk 1715:Huna of Thorney 1628: 1532:British / Welsh 1527: 1522: 1488: 1479: 1471: 1469: 1448:Catholic Online 1419: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1404: 1376: 1346: 1345: 1334: 1332:Further reading 1329: 1288: 1233: 1207: 1188: 1136: 1113: 1092: 1071: 1050: 1021: 1016: 1015: 1008: 994: 993: 989: 979: 977: 969: 968: 964: 954: 952: 943: 942: 938: 930: 926: 918: 914: 906: 902: 894: 890: 883: 879: 871: 867: 859: 855: 847: 840: 832: 828: 820: 816: 780: 776: 769: 753: 749: 741: 732: 724: 720: 712: 708: 700: 696: 688: 684: 676: 672: 664: 660: 652: 648: 640: 636: 620:, p. 160; 616:, p. 881; 612: 608: 602: 576: 572: 564: 555: 550: 545: 533:Catholic Church 529:Orthodox Church 525: 484:Leiden Glossary 449: 408: 368:Synod of Whitby 341:Milus of Persia 301:Sassanid Empire 281: 273:Michael Lapidge 240: 212:Θεόδωρος Ταρσοῦ 187: 173:Catholic Church 130: 121: 66: 62: 43: 40: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3650: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3614: 3609: 3604: 3599: 3597:Kentish saints 3594: 3589: 3572: 3571: 3565: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3558: 3553: 3551:Rowan Williams 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3531:Michael Ramsey 3528: 3523: 3521:William Temple 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3481:William Howley 3478: 3473: 3468: 3463: 3458: 3456:Matthew Hutton 3453: 3451:Thomas Herring 3448: 3443: 3438: 3436:Thomas Tenison 3433: 3431:John Tillotson 3428: 3423: 3418: 3413: 3404: 3399: 3394: 3389: 3384: 3382:Edmund Grindal 3379: 3377:Matthew Parker 3373: 3371: 3367: 3366: 3364: 3363: 3358: 3356:Thomas Cranmer 3353: 3351:William Warham 3348: 3343: 3340:Thomas Langton 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3314:Henry Chichele 3311: 3309:Thomas Arundel 3306: 3301: 3299:Thomas Arundel 3296: 3291: 3286: 3281: 3276: 3269: 3264: 3259: 3256:John de Ufford 3252: 3247: 3242: 3237: 3230: 3225: 3220: 3217:Robert Burnell 3213: 3208: 3201: 3196: 3191: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3165: 3158: 3153: 3146: 3139: 3134: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3100: 3095: 3090: 3085: 3079: 3077: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3066: 3061: 3056: 3051: 3046: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3001: 2996: 2991: 2986: 2981: 2976: 2971: 2966: 2961: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2941: 2936: 2931: 2926: 2919: 2914: 2909: 2904: 2899: 2894: 2888: 2886: 2879: 2878: 2873: 2870: 2869: 2862: 2861: 2854: 2847: 2839: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2805: 2803: 2802:Unclear origin 2799: 2798: 2796: 2795: 2790: 2785: 2780: 2775: 2770: 2765: 2760: 2755: 2750: 2745: 2740: 2735: 2730: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2680: 2675: 2670: 2665: 2660: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2640: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2594: 2592: 2588: 2587: 2585: 2584: 2579: 2574: 2568: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2533: 2528: 2523: 2518: 2513: 2508: 2503: 2498: 2493: 2487: 2485: 2481: 2480: 2478: 2477: 2472: 2467: 2462: 2457: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2415:Iwig of Wilton 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2385:Eata of Hexham 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2285:Beda of Jarrow 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2215:Acca of Hexham 2211: 2209: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2201: 2196: 2191: 2186: 2181: 2176: 2171: 2166: 2161: 2156: 2151: 2146: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2126: 2121: 2116: 2111: 2106: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2081: 2076: 2071: 2066: 2061: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2026: 2021: 2016: 2014:Aldwyn of Coln 2011: 2006: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1980: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1971: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1904: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1894: 1889: 1884: 1879: 1877:Echa of Crayke 1874: 1869: 1863: 1861: 1857: 1856: 1854: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1821:Bertha of Kent 1818: 1812: 1810: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1798: 1793: 1788: 1783: 1777: 1775: 1771: 1770: 1768: 1767: 1762: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1682: 1677: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1657: 1652: 1647: 1642: 1636: 1634: 1630: 1629: 1627: 1626: 1621: 1616: 1611: 1606: 1601: 1596: 1591: 1586: 1581: 1576: 1571: 1566: 1561: 1556: 1551: 1546: 1541: 1535: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1521: 1520: 1513: 1506: 1498: 1490: 1489: 1484: 1481: 1472: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1451: 1450: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1425: 1424: 1408: 1407:External links 1405: 1403: 1402: 1391: 1380: 1374: 1359: 1335: 1333: 1330: 1328: 1327: 1307:(2): 253–272. 1292: 1286: 1273: 1248: 1237: 1231: 1211: 1205: 1192: 1186: 1171: 1160: 1146:, ed. (1911). 1144:Chisholm, Hugh 1140: 1134: 1117: 1111: 1096: 1090: 1075: 1069: 1054: 1048: 1035: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1013: 1006: 987: 962: 936: 924: 912: 900: 888: 885:Stevenson 1995 877: 865: 863:, p. 172. 853: 838: 826: 814: 774: 767: 747: 730: 718: 706: 694: 682: 680:, p. 256. 678:Stevenson 1998 670: 658: 646: 634: 632:, p. 403. 624:, p. 41; 606: 600: 570: 552: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 524: 521: 470: 469: 448: 445: 407: 404: 356:Constantinople 280: 277: 239: 236: 224:Constantinople 222:, but fled to 199: 198: 193: 189: 188: 186: 185: 180: 175: 169: 167: 163: 162: 159: 155: 154: 150: 149: 144: 140: 139: 136: 132: 131: 122: 118: 114: 113: 109: 108: 105: 101: 100: 96: 95: 90: 86: 85: 80: 76: 75: 72: 68: 67: 60: 52: 51: 45: 44: 41: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3649: 3638: 3635: 3633: 3630: 3628: 3625: 3623: 3620: 3618: 3615: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3603: 3600: 3598: 3595: 3593: 3590: 3588: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3568: 3563: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3541:Robert Runcie 3539: 3537: 3536:Donald Coggan 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3467: 3464: 3462: 3461:Thomas Secker 3459: 3457: 3454: 3452: 3449: 3447: 3444: 3442: 3439: 3437: 3434: 3432: 3429: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3417: 3416:William Juxon 3414: 3412: 3410: 3405: 3403: 3400: 3398: 3395: 3393: 3390: 3388: 3387:John Whitgift 3385: 3383: 3380: 3378: 3375: 3374: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3361:Reginald Pole 3359: 3357: 3354: 3352: 3349: 3347: 3344: 3342: 3341: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3319:John Stafford 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3292: 3290: 3289:Simon Sudbury 3287: 3285: 3282: 3280: 3279:Simon Langham 3277: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3263: 3260: 3258: 3257: 3253: 3251: 3248: 3246: 3245:Simon Mepeham 3243: 3241: 3238: 3236: 3235: 3234:Thomas Cobham 3231: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3219: 3218: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3206: 3202: 3200: 3197: 3195: 3192: 3190: 3189: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3178: 3176: 3175: 3174:Ralph Neville 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3163: 3159: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3151: 3147: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3138: 3137:Hubert Walter 3135: 3133: 3132: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3115: 3111: 3109: 3108:Thomas Becket 3106: 3104: 3101: 3099: 3096: 3094: 3091: 3089: 3086: 3084: 3081: 3080: 3078: 3076: 3071: 3065: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3055: 3052: 3050: 3047: 3045: 3042: 3040: 3037: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3000: 2997: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2985: 2982: 2980: 2977: 2975: 2972: 2970: 2967: 2965: 2962: 2960: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2950: 2947: 2945: 2942: 2940: 2937: 2935: 2932: 2930: 2927: 2925: 2924: 2920: 2918: 2915: 2913: 2910: 2908: 2905: 2903: 2900: 2898: 2895: 2893: 2890: 2889: 2887: 2885: 2880: 2876: 2871: 2867: 2860: 2855: 2853: 2848: 2846: 2841: 2840: 2837: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2794: 2791: 2789: 2786: 2784: 2781: 2779: 2776: 2774: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2764: 2761: 2759: 2756: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2744: 2741: 2739: 2736: 2734: 2731: 2729: 2726: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2699: 2696: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2679: 2676: 2674: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2595: 2593: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2578: 2575: 2573: 2570: 2569: 2567: 2563: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2532: 2529: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2517: 2514: 2512: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2502: 2499: 2497: 2494: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2473: 2471: 2468: 2466: 2463: 2461: 2458: 2456: 2453: 2451: 2448: 2446: 2443: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2358: 2356: 2353: 2351: 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2218: 2216: 2213: 2212: 2210: 2206: 2200: 2197: 2195: 2192: 2190: 2187: 2185: 2182: 2180: 2177: 2175: 2172: 2170: 2167: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2150: 2147: 2145: 2142: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2125: 2122: 2120: 2117: 2115: 2112: 2110: 2107: 2105: 2102: 2100: 2097: 2095: 2092: 2090: 2087: 2085: 2082: 2080: 2077: 2075: 2072: 2070: 2067: 2065: 2062: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2030: 2027: 2025: 2022: 2020: 2017: 2015: 2012: 2010: 2007: 2005: 2002: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1905: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1890: 1888: 1885: 1883: 1880: 1878: 1875: 1873: 1870: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1862: 1858: 1852: 1849: 1847: 1844: 1842: 1839: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1827: 1824: 1822: 1819: 1817: 1814: 1813: 1811: 1809:and Old Saxon 1803: 1797: 1794: 1792: 1789: 1787: 1784: 1782: 1779: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1748: 1746: 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1696: 1693: 1691: 1688: 1686: 1683: 1681: 1678: 1676: 1673: 1671: 1668: 1666: 1663: 1661: 1658: 1656: 1653: 1651: 1648: 1646: 1643: 1641: 1638: 1637: 1635: 1631: 1625: 1622: 1620: 1619:Samson of Dol 1617: 1615: 1612: 1610: 1607: 1605: 1602: 1600: 1597: 1595: 1592: 1590: 1587: 1585: 1584:Ivo of Ramsey 1582: 1580: 1577: 1575: 1572: 1570: 1567: 1565: 1562: 1560: 1557: 1555: 1552: 1550: 1547: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1519: 1514: 1512: 1507: 1505: 1500: 1499: 1496: 1487: 1478: 1477: 1468: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1446: 1444: 1441: 1439: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1422: 1421:Saints portal 1411: 1399: 1398: 1392: 1388: 1387: 1381: 1377: 1375:9780790548586 1371: 1367: 1366: 1360: 1356: 1350: 1342: 1337: 1336: 1324: 1320: 1315: 1310: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1293: 1289: 1287:0-521-37461-8 1283: 1279: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1245: 1244: 1238: 1234: 1228: 1223: 1222: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1206:0-521-48077-9 1202: 1198: 1193: 1189: 1183: 1179: 1178: 1172: 1168: 1167: 1161: 1157: 1156: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1135:0-06-017033-6 1131: 1126: 1125: 1118: 1114: 1112:1-59276-026-0 1108: 1104: 1103: 1097: 1093: 1091:9780436059063 1087: 1083: 1082: 1076: 1072: 1070:9780297003175 1066: 1062: 1061: 1055: 1051: 1049:0-521-33089-0 1045: 1041: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1024: 1023: 1009: 1003: 999: 998: 991: 976: 972: 966: 950: 946: 940: 934:, p. 250 933: 928: 922:, p. 164 921: 916: 909: 904: 897: 892: 886: 881: 874: 869: 862: 857: 850: 845: 843: 835: 830: 823: 818: 811: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 778: 770: 768:9798868900105 764: 760: 759: 751: 744: 743:Chisholm 1911 739: 737: 735: 727: 722: 715: 710: 703: 698: 691: 686: 679: 674: 667: 662: 655: 650: 643: 638: 631: 628:, p. 2; 627: 623: 619: 615: 610: 603: 597: 593: 589: 585: 581: 574: 567: 562: 560: 558: 553: 540: 538: 534: 530: 520: 518: 513: 511: 507: 503: 499: 494: 492: 487: 485: 481: 480: 475: 467: 462: 461: 460: 453: 444: 442: 441: 436: 432: 428: 423: 421: 417: 413: 403: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 380:Pope Vitalian 377: 373: 369: 366:secular. The 363: 361: 357: 353: 348: 346: 342: 338: 335:. The Syriac 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 290: 286: 276: 274: 270: 266: 265: 260: 256: 252: 251: 246: 235: 233: 232:Pope Vitalian 229: 225: 221: 217: 209: 205: 197: 194: 190: 184: 181: 179: 176: 174: 171: 170: 168: 164: 160: 156: 151: 148: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 119: 115: 110: 106: 102: 97: 94: 91: 87: 84: 81: 77: 73: 69: 58: 53: 50: 46: 38: 33: 30: 19: 3566: 3556:Justin Welby 3546:George Carey 3441:William Wake 3409:Commonwealth 3406: 3402:William Laud 3397:George Abbot 3338: 3304:Roger Walden 3271: 3254: 3232: 3223:John Peckham 3215: 3203: 3186: 3179: 3172: 3160: 3150:John de Gray 3148: 3141: 3129: 3112: 3073:Conquest to 2928: 2921: 2555: 2310:Bosa of York 2208:Northumbrian 1633:East Anglian 1474: 1396: 1385: 1364: 1340: 1304: 1300: 1277: 1263:(1): 18–28. 1260: 1256: 1252: 1242: 1220: 1196: 1176: 1165: 1153: 1123: 1101: 1080: 1059: 1039: 1030: 996: 990: 978:. Retrieved 974: 965: 953:. Retrieved 948: 939: 927: 915: 908:Lapidge 2006 903: 896:Siemens 2007 891: 880: 868: 856: 829: 817: 777: 757: 750: 721: 714:Lapidge 1995 709: 702:Lapidge 1995 697: 690:Lapidge 1995 685: 673: 666:Lapidge 1995 661: 654:Lapidge 1995 649: 642:Lapidge 1995 637: 609: 583: 573: 526: 514: 495: 488: 477: 471: 458: 438: 424: 409: 364: 349: 336: 282: 262: 254: 248: 241: 203: 202: 166:Venerated in 161:19 September 107:26 March 668 104:Consecration 29: 3446:John Potter 3346:Henry Deane 3334:John Morton 3267:Simon Islip 3075:Reformation 2565:South Saxon 2470:Wilfrith II 1443:Santiebeati 920:Cantor 1993 790:East Anglia 626:Ramsey 1962 614:Bunson 2004 566:Farmer 2004 510:penitential 502:Monothelite 491:Benedictine 79:Predecessor 65:, Liverpool 3592:690 deaths 3587:602 births 3581:Categories 3516:Cosmo Lang 3471:John Moore 3188:John Blund 2591:West Saxon 1774:East Saxon 1429:Theodore 1 1246:. S.P.C.K. 955:13 October 622:Bowle 1971 618:Bowle 1979 543:References 523:Veneration 400:Canterbury 386:, king of 329:literature 279:Early life 228:Canterbury 147:Canterbury 71:Term ended 3324:John Kemp 3049:Æthelnoth 3014:Byrhthelm 2974:Feologild 2964:Æthelhard 2954:Bregowine 2934:Berhtwald 2917:Deusdedit 2892:Augustine 2748:Evorhilda 1805:Frisian, 1486:Berhtwald 1457:Christian 1349:cite book 1343:. Oxford. 1323:188096286 798:Hlothhere 794:Rochester 548:Citations 466:astronomy 339:of Saint 313:Jerusalem 192:Canonized 158:Feast day 153:Sainthood 93:Berhtwald 89:Successor 3199:Boniface 3143:Reginald 3083:Lanfranc 3024:Æthelgar 2999:Wulfhelm 2989:Plegmund 2984:Æthelred 2979:Ceolnoth 2959:Jænberht 2949:Cuthbert 2944:Nothhelm 2912:Honorius 2902:Mellitus 2897:Laurence 2884:Conquest 2139:Mildgyth 1807:Frankish 1755:Wendreda 1480:668–690 1217:(2006). 440:weregild 427:Aelfwine 384:Ecgberht 360:computus 325:language 321:exegesis 309:Damascus 3567:Italics 3064:Stigand 3054:Eadsige 3039:Ælfheah 3029:Sigeric 3019:Dunstan 3009:Ælfsige 2969:Wulfred 2939:Tatwine 2923:Wighard 2375:Eanmund 2189:Wærstan 2129:Merefin 1977:Mercian 1901:Kentish 1467:Wighard 1459:titles 1255:, 14". 1019:Sources 980:31 July 949:OCA.org 506:Alnwick 437:paying 425:In 679 420:Wilfrid 396:Hadrian 376:Wighard 317:Antioch 305:Antioch 238:Sources 83:Wighard 3088:Anselm 3044:Lyfing 2994:Athelm 2907:Justus 2506:Blaise 2410:Hyglac 1791:Osgyth 1372:  1321:  1284:  1229:  1203:  1184:  1132:  1109:  1088:  1067:  1046:  1004:  836:, 4.21 810:Mercia 806:Ceadda 804:, and 802:Wessex 765:  598:  416:Easter 390:, and 333:Edessa 311:, and 220:Tarsus 143:Buried 124:Tarsus 99:Orders 2484:Roman 1319:S2CID 851:, 4.2 728:, 4.1 285:Greek 208:Greek 37:Saint 2882:Pre- 2395:Eoda 1370:ISBN 1355:link 1282:ISBN 1227:ISBN 1201:ISBN 1182:ISBN 1130:ISBN 1107:ISBN 1086:ISBN 1065:ISBN 1044:ISBN 1027:Bede 1002:ISBN 982:2021 957:2023 786:Bisi 763:ISBN 596:ISBN 392:Oswy 388:Kent 337:Acts 327:and 271:and 245:Bede 135:Died 117:Born 3004:Oda 1431:at 1309:doi 1265:doi 800:to 788:to 588:doi 382:by 261:'s 247:'s 120:602 3583:: 1351:}} 1347:{{ 1317:. 1303:. 1299:. 1261:48 1259:. 1152:. 973:. 947:. 841:^ 796:, 733:^ 594:, 582:, 556:^ 531:, 486:. 307:, 210:: 126:, 3411:) 2858:e 2851:t 2844:v 1517:e 1510:t 1503:v 1378:. 1357:) 1325:. 1311:: 1305:1 1290:. 1271:. 1267:: 1235:. 1209:. 1190:. 1138:. 1115:. 1094:. 1073:. 1052:. 1010:. 984:. 959:. 875:. 812:) 771:. 745:. 590:: 255:c 253:( 206:( 20:)

Index

Theodore of Canterbury
Saint
Archbishop of Canterbury

Wighard
Berhtwald
Tarsus
Byzantine Empire
Canterbury
Catholic Church
Eastern Orthodox Church
Anglican Communion
Pre-Congregation
Greek
Archbishop of Canterbury
Tarsus
Constantinople
Canterbury
Pope Vitalian
Bede
Ecclesiastical History of the English
Stephen of Ripon
Vita Sancti Wilfrithi
Bernard Bischoff
Michael Lapidge
Greek
Tarsus in Cilicia
Byzantine Empire
devastating wars
Sassanid Empire

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