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611:(1932). Hopkins' mother was reportedly upset that her daughter was portraying a rape victim. Hopkins herself would continually cite the role as one of her personal favorites due to its emotional complexity: "That Temple Drake, now, there was a thing. Just give me a nice un-standardized wretch like Temple three times a year! Give me the complex ladies, and I'll interpret the daylights out of them."
634:, a sketch artist and technical advisor at Paramount, helped design and orchestrate the film's rape sequence. Though the film only suggests the rape, as the scene concludes with Trigger approaching Temple, followed by her scream, Hopkins recalled that Negulesco had extensively "planned how it could be done... If you can call a rape artistically done, it was."
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reshoot the rape sequence in a barn, and mandated that no footage of a corncob could be shown. The scenes at Reba's home were also "portrayed too graphically," according to the Hays Office, and they ordered
Paramount to excise footage and dialogue that indicated that the home was a brothel. It was now portrayed, despite nude statuary, as a
336:. Fearing that Trigger will kill Stephen, Temple falsely assures Stephen that she willingly went with him. Stephen believes her, and serves them summons for Tommy's murder trial. After Stephen leaves, Temple tries to escape, only to be attacked by Trigger. In the melee, Temple wrests his gun and shoots him to death.
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Several protests and critical articles in newspapers appeared after the production company had purchased the rights before the release of the film. Phillips wrote that some critics, while acknowledging the murder of
Trigger would be justifiable, believed that it was wrong for the film to justify it.
328:
in the city run by a woman named Reba. Meanwhile, Toddy awakens in a warehouse and skips town. Newspapers erroneously report that the missing Temple has traveled to
Pennsylvania to visit family. At the speakeasy, Lee is arrested for Tommy's murder, and Stephen is appointed as his lawyer. Fearing for
316:
at the speakeasy, forces Temple and Toddy into the house. Toddy, drunk and injured, attempts to fight off another drunk, who has grabbed at Temple, but the drunk knocks him unconscious. Temple tries to flee, but
Trigger insists she spend the night. Lee's wife, Ruby, suggests that Temple sleep in the
544:
wrote that the characterization of Temple differs from that of the novel version, and that the film gives her a "dual nature", dark and light. Phillips wrote that she is "better" morally than the novel character. According to Pre-Code scholar Thomas
Doherty, the film implies that the deeds done to
303:
town, refuses to marry her lawyer boyfriend, Stephen Benbow. This earns her a reputation in the town as a seductress. On the night of a town dance, Temple declines
Stephen's proposal for a second time, and instead goes out with one of her suitors, Toddy Gowan. Toddy, who has been drinking, crashes
484:
held captive by a gang member and rapist. As the public felt the novel had a racy reputation, the film received a new title as the plot had been made more mild and to avoid associating it with the source work. Despite this, even before filming had begun, it was publicly condemned by U.S. women's
673:
during the assault; the sequence also featured shots in which the corncob is picked up by
Trigger and examined after the rape. These shots were allegedly only supposed to be included in rushes and not in the final cut, but were considered obscene enough that the Hays Office ordered Paramount to
339:
Temple returns to her hometown, and near the conclusion of the trial, she begs
Stephen to dismiss her from testifying. He denies her wish, and forces her to take the stand in court, but, out of his love for her, he is unable to question her about Trigger. Despite his lack of questioning, Temple
564:
was initially cast as the male lead of
Trigger, but dropped out of the production, which resulted in his being temporarily suspended by Paramount. Raft felt taking the role would be "screen suicide" as the character had no redeemable qualities, and also demanded a salary of $ 2 million. He was
340:
openly confesses everything that happened, including her witnessing Tommy's murder, her rape, and her murder of
Trigger. At the end of her confession, she loses consciousness, and Stephen carries her out of the courtroom.
520:
stated that "presumably" to make it more believable that he is "ineffectual" with her, he was changed into being her grandfather. For a short period before the film went into production, it was tentatively titled
658:, who was in charge of public relations for the Hays Office, stated the finished film was so tame in comparison to Faulkner's novel that patrons who had read it and watched the film would "charge us with fraud."
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630:, California. According to biographer Allan Ellenberger, the mood on the set was "gloomy" due to the dark subject matter, and the cast members frequently played pranks on one another to lighten the mood.
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268:. Though some of the more salacious elements of the source novel were not included, the film was still considered so indecent that it helped give rise to the strict enforcement of the
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but he decided that, in Degenfelder's words, "Temple's reinterpretation would be dramatic and worthwhile." Degenfelder believes that he may have gotten inspiration for the sequel,
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the fact the film ultimately "did little for La Rue’s career... served to give Raft a false idea of the quality of his instincts when it came to script selection. "
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736:, who deemed the film a "compelling, if not always pleasant, photodrama," adding that Hopkins brings "a vital and credible characterization to the part."
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premiered theatrically in the United States on May 12, 1933. According to film historian Lou Sabini, it was one of the highest-earning films of the year.
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Miriam Hopkins, who was cast in the titular role of Temple Drake, was a newcomer at the time of filming, and had only begun establishing herself in two
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largely remained unavailable to the public after its initial theatrical release, never even receiving television airings in the United States. The
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Several alterations were made to the screenplay that deviated from the source material: For example, in the novel, the judge is Temple's father;
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was similarly unimpressed, describing the film as "deliberately sordid, unsympathetic, and nearly offensive," as well as "crudely realistic."
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his life, Lee refuses to implicate Trigger in Tommy's murder. Ruby, however, directs Stephen to search for Trigger at Reba's home.
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on June 14, 1933, stated that the film producers also consulted Faulkner; statements about this are not present in the credits.
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The credits only stated that Faulkner wrote the original novel. Robert Littell, who wrote a review of the film published in
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At dawn, Trigger shoots Tommy to death before raping Temple in the barn. Trigger proceeds to kidnap Temple, making her his
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Temple are in recompense for her immorality in falling into a relationship with the gangster instead of fleeing him.
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who falls into the hands of a brutal gangster and rapist. It was adapted from the highly controversial 1931 novel
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Because the film was considered so scandalous, it has been credited with spurring the strict enforcement of the
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In March 1933, the Hays Office recommended several cuts be made before the film was released, with the central
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deemed it "shoddy, obnoxiously disagreeable... trashy, sex-plugged piece." Edwin Schallert of the
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scene being of utmost concern. In the original cut (and in Faulkner's novel), Temple's rape occurs in a
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heralded the cast as "well chosen," also adding that "Miss Hopkins delivers a capital portrayal."
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The relatively upbeat ending of the film is in marked contrast to the ending of Faulkner's novel
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also praised Hopkins' performance as "outstanding," and also praised La Rue as "excellent."
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Stephen tracks down Trigger to Reba's address, and finds Temple there, dressed in a
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Degenfelder, E. Pauline (Winter 1976). "The Four Faces of Temple Drake: Faulkner's
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Some critics were more favorable in their responses, such as Martin Dickson of the
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Pre-Code Hollywood: Sex, Immorality, and Insurrection in American Cinema 1930-1934
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released the film for the first time on DVD and Blu-ray in December 2019.
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1483:(Summer 1973). "Faulkner And The Film: The Two Versions Of "Sanctuary"".
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Temple Drake, the reckless granddaughter of a prominent judge in a small
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1291:. Atlanta, Georgia. May 14, 1933. p. 18 – via Newspapers.com.
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Faulkner stated that initially he wished to end the plot at the end of
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restored the film in 2011 and subsequently screened it to the public.
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for Paramount who had garnered some notice for his performance in a
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Schallert, Edwin (June 3, 1933). "Temple Drake's Story Relate".
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barn, and arranges for a young man named Tommy to stand watch.
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1271:. Brooklyn, New York. p. 9 – via Newspapers.com.
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began in mid-February 1933 on the Paramount Studio lot in
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1018:. New York City, New York. February 19, 1933. p. X5.
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1283:"Miriam Hopkins at Paramount in 'Story of Temple Drake'"
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lambasted the film, describing it as "trash," while the
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run by a man named Lee Goodwin. Trigger, a gangster and
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Miriam Hopkins: Life and Films of a Hollywood Rebel
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Miriam Hopkins was cast as the titular Temple Drake
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1510:Sex In the Cinema: The Pre-Code Years (1929-1934)
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1436:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp.
540:of an innocent man. E. Pauline Degenfelder of
1813:Films about prostitution in the United States
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1141:"Prostitution and Film Censorship in the USA"
470:to the film's basis, the controversial novel
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1065:"Why Stars Stop Being Stars: George Raft"
1823:Films based on works by William Faulkner
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779:for the first time on December 3, 2019.
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1587:The Story of Temple Drake: Notorious
1512:. Albany, Georgia: BearManor Media.
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395:as Judge Drake, Temple's grandfather
536:herself in court, resulting in the
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1888:English-language crime drama films
1737:(adapted to Trigger and Candy Man)
1335:"Temple Drake: Was She Ever Lost?"
1063:Vagg, Stephen (February 9, 2020).
823:
14:
1899:
1828:Films directed by Stephen Roberts
1546:
1397:, and the Two Film Adaptations".
1428:Doherty, Thomas Patrick (1999).
1333:Morra, Anne (December 8, 2011).
1261:Dickson, Martin (May 22, 1933).
283:and re-premiered in 2011 at the
1853:American rape and revenge films
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450:The film is based on the novel
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1798:American black-and-white films
1455:Ellenberger, Allan R. (2017).
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1878:Films scored by Bernhard Kaun
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304:their car near a dilapidated
1883:Films scored by John Leipold
1868:1930s English-language films
1759:No Orchids for Miss Blandish
1463:University Press of Kentucky
859:AFI Catalog of Feature Films
518:Loyola University of Chicago
16:1933 film by Stephen Roberts
7:
1531:. New York: Citadel Press.
1359:"The Story of Temple Drake"
1315:. New York City, New York.
1167:"The Story of Temple Drake"
862:. Los Angeles, California:
854:"The Story of Temple Drake"
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10:
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1863:Films scored by Karl Hajos
1803:American crime drama films
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1138:Campbell, Russell (1997).
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254:, a reckless woman in the
1843:Films shot in Los Angeles
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1686:The Story of Temple Drake
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1565:The Story of Temple Drake
1554:The Story of Temple Drake
1529:The Films of the Thirties
1485:Literature/Film Quarterly
799:The Story of Temple Drake
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761:The Story of Temple Drake
698:The Story of Temple Drake
624:The Story of Temple Drake
523:The Shame of Temple Drake
431:Arthur Belasco as Wharton
285:TCM Classic Film Festival
277:The Story of Temple Drake
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1848:Paramount Pictures films
1838:Films set in Mississippi
1527:Vermilye, Jerry (1985).
1364:The Criterion Collection
1288:The Atlanta Constitution
769:The Criterion Collection
739:The Atlanta Constitution
542:Worcester Public Schools
289:The Criterion Collection
250:. It tells the story of
1833:American feminist films
1461:. Lexington, Kentucky:
1012:"Projection jottings".
864:American Film Institute
485:leagues, an article in
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238:drama film directed by
1793:1933 crime drama films
709:A review published in
602:The Smiling Lieutenant
558:
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324:, and brings her to a
1858:Southern Gothic films
771:released the film on
620:Principal photography
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508:Deviations from novel
493:Roman Catholic Church
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410:James Eagles as Tommy
187:May 6, 1933
1873:1930s American films
1596:Criterion Collection
1508:Sabini, Lou (2017).
1493:Salisbury University
1340:Museum of Modern Art
1268:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
765:Museum of Modern Art
733:Brooklyn Daily Eagle
712:The Washington Times
281:Museum of Modern Art
279:was restored by the
1002:, pp. 117–118.
608:Trouble in Paradise
399:Elizabeth Patterson
375:William Collier Jr.
308:home occupied by a
234:is a 1933 American
50:Oliver H.P. Garrett
1559:TCM Movie Database
1400:American Quarterly
1312:The New York Times
1146:Screening the Past
1015:The New York Times
811:Pre-Code sex films
749:The New York Times
559:
532:, in which Temple
488:The New York Times
464:Paramount Pictures
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173:Paramount Pictures
163:Paramount Pictures
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1713:Requiem for a Nun
1667:Requiem for a Nun
1643:Requiem for a Nun
1538:978-0-806-50971-6
1519:978-1-629-33107-2
1481:Phillips, Gene D.
1472:978-0-813-17433-4
1395:Requiem for a Nun
1247:Los Angeles Times
1113:, pp. 80–84.
794:Requiem for a Nun
724:Los Angeles Times
718:New York American
704:Critical response
491:, as well as the
405:Florence Eldridge
371:as Stephen Benbow
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90:Miriam Hopkins
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145:Color process
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46:Screenplay by
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25:
20:
1764:
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1730:Temple Drake
1711:
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1590:an essay by
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1370:November 20,
1368:. Retrieved
1362:
1353:
1338:
1310:
1297:
1286:
1277:
1266:
1263:"The Screen"
1256:
1245:
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1227:
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1188:
1178:November 20,
1176:. Retrieved
1170:
1161:
1150:. Retrieved
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1000:Doherty 1999
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393:Guy Standing
389:as Miss Reba
355:Temple Drake
338:
331:
319:
298:
276:
274:
259:
252:Temple Drake
230:
229:
228:
203:Running time
180:Release date
131:John Leipold
59:
1751:Inspiration
1495:: 263–273.
1208:Sabini 2017
1193:Sabini 2017
1034:Sabini 2017
920:Sabini 2017
884:Sabini 2017
628:Los Angeles
605:(1931) and
576:Diamond Lil
562:George Raft
442:Development
420:James Mason
360:Jack La Rue
301:Mississippi
248:Jack La Rue
108:Karl Struss
95:Jack La Rue
73:Produced by
36:Directed by
1788:1933 films
1782:Categories
1723:Characters
1152:2020-07-05
817:References
756:Home media
693:Box office
643:Censorship
567:bit player
476:(1931) by
458:(pictured)
437:Production
314:bootlegger
306:plantation
207:71 minutes
191:1933-05-06
156:Production
121:Karl Hajos
1766:Cargo 200
1694:Sanctuary
1659:Sanctuary
1637:Sanctuary
1391:Sanctuary
789:Sanctuary
687:Hays Code
667:corn crib
652:Sanctuary
579:opposite
530:Sanctuary
482:debutante
473:Sanctuary
462:In 1932,
452:Sanctuary
428:as Minnie
310:speakeasy
270:Hays Code
261:Sanctuary
61:Sanctuary
1581:AllMovie
1501:43795435
1345:Archived
1317:Archived
1172:AllMovie
1148:(2): C/7
868:Archived
805:See also
671:corn cob
581:Mae West
571:Broadway
538:lynching
534:perjures
334:negligee
322:gun moll
236:pre-Code
220:Language
114:Music by
83:Starring
56:Based on
1705:Theater
1594:at the
1557:at the
1421:2712288
1383:Sources
1069:Filmink
797:, from
773:Blu-ray
680:chippie
638:Release
615:Filming
599:films:
589:Filmink
549:Casting
364:Trigger
326:brothel
223:English
212:Country
189: (
158:company
1735:Popeye
1697:(1961)
1689:(1933)
1670:(1951)
1662:(1931)
1651:Novels
1535:
1516:
1499:
1469:
1444:
1419:
783:Legacy
468:rights
422:as Van
416:as Pap
1497:JSTOR
1491:(2).
1438:117–8
1417:JSTOR
454:, by
1678:Film
1640:and
1570:IMDb
1533:ISBN
1514:ISBN
1467:ISBN
1442:ISBN
1372:2019
1180:2019
775:and
663:rape
344:Cast
295:Plot
246:and
1634:'s
1579:at
1568:at
1409:doi
777:DVD
746:of
622:of
516:of
362:as
353:as
264:by
65:by
1784::
1487:.
1465:.
1440:.
1415:.
1405:28
1403:.
1393:,
1361:.
1343:.
1337:.
1325:^
1309:.
1285:.
1265:.
1200:^
1169:.
1144:.
1118:^
1077:^
1067:.
1041:^
1024:^
944:^
927:^
876:^
866:.
856:.
825:^
689:.
583:.
525:.
495:.
287:.
272:.
1624:e
1617:t
1610:v
1541:.
1522:.
1503:.
1489:1
1475:.
1450:.
1423:.
1411::
1374:.
1182:.
1155:.
1071:.
193:)
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