Portuguese Empire - Knowledge

5145: 5564: 4204: 4561: 14477: 3749: 3891: 5576: 3799: 3818: 6305: 3524: 3051: 5016: 6345: 4324: 3576: 6289: 5053: 82: 3695: 12384: 5373: 6087: 5478: 6388: 66: 5891: 6365: 5242: 3987: 4938: 5099: 3903: 5533:, leaders proposed a society without slavery, food prices would be lowered, and trade restriction abolished. Impoverished social conditions and a high cost of living were among reasons of the revolt. Authorities diffused the plot before major action began; they executed four of the conspirators and exiled several others to the Atlantic Coast of Africa. Several more smaller-scale slave rebellions and revolts would occur from 1801 and 1816 and fears within Brazil were that these events would lead to a 4643: 1015: 5670: 5262: 3558:. While following the same south-westerly route as Gama across the Atlantic Ocean, Cabral made landfall on the Brazilian coast. This was probably an accidental discovery, but it has been speculated that the Portuguese secretly knew of Brazil's existence and that it lay on their side of the Tordesillas line. Cabral recommended to the Portuguese King that the land be settled, and two follow up voyages were sent in 1501 and 1503. The land was found to be abundant in 3834: 3245: 3137: 3424:, stone crosses engraved with the Portuguese coat of arms marking their claims, and built forts and trading posts. From these bases, they engaged profitably in the slave and gold trades. Portugal enjoyed a virtual monopoly on the African seaborne slave trade for over a century, importing around 800 slaves annually. Most were brought to the Portuguese capital Lisbon, where it is estimated black Africans came to constitute 10 percent of the population. 1444: 15058: 3433: 4068: 3383: 5254:

Madeira, and the Azores. All correspondence concerning overseas possessions were funneled through the council. When the Portuguese court fled to Brazil in 1807, following the Napoleonic invasion of Iberia, Brazil was removed from the jurisdiction of the council. It made recommendations concerning personnel for the administrative, fiscal, and military, as well as bishops of overseas dioceses. A distinguished seventeenth-century member was

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Pombal, and he made provisions to improve each. Although he failed to spike the gold revenue, two short-term companies he established for the plantation economy drove a significant increase in production of cotton, rice, cacao, tobacco, and sugar. Slave labor increased as well as involvement from the textile economy. The economic development as a whole was inspired by elements of the

5800:, in northern Mozambique, the territory having been subjugated by Germany. In 1916, after Portugal interned German ships in Lisbon, Germany declared war on Portugal. Portugal followed suit, thus entering World War I. Early in the war, Portugal was involved mainly in supplying the Allies positioned in France. In 1916, there was only one attack on the Portuguese territory, in 5715: 5404:", with a large influx of migrants. The village became the new economic center of the empire, with rapid settlement and some conflicts. This gold cycle led to the creation of an internal market and attracted a large number of immigrants. By 1739, at the apex of the mining boom, the population of Minas Gerais was somewhere between 200,000 and 250,000. 6151:, which when combined total 10,742,000 km, or 7.2% of the Earth's landmass (148 939 063 km). As at 2023, there are 32 associate observers of the CPLP, reflecting the global reach and influence of Portugal's former empire. Moreover, twelve candidate countries or regions have applied for membership to the CPLP and are awaiting approval. 5129:– 8 February 1611), formerly the Dutch secretary of the Archbishop of Goa, had acquired information while serving in that position that contained the location of secret Portuguese trade routes throughout Asia, including those to the East Indies and Japan. It was published in 1595 and then greatly expanded the next year as his 5942:. The existence of the remaining Portuguese colonies in India became increasingly untenable and Nehru enjoyed the support of almost all the Indian domestic political parties as well as the Soviet Union and its allies. In 1961, shortly after an uprising against the Portuguese in Angola, Nehru ordered the Indian Army into 5970:

According to one historian, Portuguese rulers were unwilling to meet the demands of their colonial subjects (unlike other European powers) in part because Portuguese elites believed that "Portugal lacked the means to conduct a successful "exit strategy" (akin to the "neocolonial" approach followed by

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The outbreak of violence in February 1961 in Angola was the beginning of the end of Portugal's empire in Africa. Portuguese army officers in Angola held the view that it would be incapable of dealing militarily with an outbreak of guerilla warfare and therefore that negotiations should begin with the

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In spite of the conspiracies, the rule of Portugal in Brazil was not under serious threat. Historian A. R. Disney states that the colonists did not until the transferring of the Kingdom in 1808 assert influence of policy changing due to direct contact, and historian Gabriel Paquette mentions that the

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had success against Bahadur, the latter signed another treaty with the Portuguese to confirm the provisions and allowed the fort to be built in Diu. Shortly afterward, Humayun turned his attention elsewhere, and the Gujarats allied with the Ottomans to regain control of Diu and lay siege to the fort.

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was to build settlements, grant allotments and administer justice, being responsible for developing and taking the costs of colonization, although not being the owner: he could transmit it to offspring, but not sell it. Twelve recipients came from Portuguese gentry who become prominent in Africa and

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incited poor relations with China due to his pirate activities, raiding Chinese shipping, attacking a Chinese official, and kidnappings of Chinese. He based himself at Tamao island in a fort. The Chinese claimed that Simão kidnapped Chinese boys and girls to be molested and cannibalized. The Chinese

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The completion of these negotiations with Spain is one of several reasons proposed by historians for why it took nine years for the Portuguese to follow up on Dias's voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, though it has also been speculated that other voyages were in fact taking place in secret during this

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Throughout 1917 Portugal dispatched contingents of troops to the Allied front in France. Midway in the year, Portugal suffered its first World War I casualty. In Portuguese Africa, Portugal and the British fought numerous battles against the Germans in both Mozambique and Angola. Later in the year,

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Gold discovered in Mato Grosso and Goiás sparked an interest to solidify the western borders of the colony. In the 1730s contact with Spanish outposts occurred more frequently, and the Spanish threatened to launch a military expedition in order to remove them. This failed to happen and by the 1750s

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began. Even before the war's final resolution, the crown established the Overseas Council, conceived in 1642 on the short-lived model of the Council of India (1604–1614), and established in 1643, it was the governing body for most of the Portuguese overseas empire. The exceptions were North Africa,

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was discovered by Vasco da Gama. In contrast to Almeida, Albuquerque was more concerned with strengthening the navy, as well as being more compliant with the interests of the kingdom. His first objective was to conquer Goa, due to its strategic location as a defensive fort positioned between Kerala

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Soon its ships were bringing into the European market highly valued gold, ivory, pepper, cotton, sugar, and slaves. The slave trade, for example, was conducted by a few dozen merchants in Lisbon. In the process of expanding the trade routes, Portuguese navigators mapped unknown parts of Africa, and

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The Tordesillas boundary between Spanish and Portuguese control in South America was then increasingly ignored by the Portuguese, who pressed beyond it into the heart of Brazil, allowing them to expand the territory to the west. Exploratory missions were carried out both ordered by the government,

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was discovered by Cunha whilst possibly being accompanied by Albuquerque. After the capture of Socotra, Cunha and Albuquerque operated separately. While Cunha traveled India and Portugal for trading purposes, Albuquerque went to India to take over as governor after Almeida's three-year term ended.

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Today, Portuguese is one of the world's major languages, ranked sixth overall with approximately 240 million speakers around the globe. It is the third most spoken language in the Americas, mainly due to Brazil, although there are also significant communities of Lusophones in nations such as

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within the 'Minas' group had a reputation to have been experts in extrapolating gold in their native regions, and became the preferred group. In spite of the high death rate associated with the slaves involved in the mining industry, the owners that allowed slaves that extracted above the minimum

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created in the latter. The crown also restricted the diamond mining within its jurisdiction and to private contractors. In spite of gold galvanizing global trade, the plantation industry became the leading export for Brazil during this period; sugar constituted at 50% of the exports (with gold at

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harbour among other reasons. In the same year, Manuel I ordered Almeida to fortify the Portuguese fortresses in Kerala and within eastern Africa, as well as probe into the prospects of building forts in Sri Lanka and Malacca in response to growing hostilities with Muslims within those regions and

2837:. With its smaller population, Portugal found itself unable to effectively defend its overstretched network of trading posts, and the empire began a long and gradual decline. Eventually, Brazil became the most valuable colony of the second era of empire (1663–1825), until, as part of the wave of 5509:

population by encouraging intermarriage between them and the white population. Indigenous freedom decreased in contrast to its period under the Jesuits, and the response to intermarriage was lukewarm at best. The crown's revenue from gold declined and plantation revenue increased by the time of

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intercontinental trade had a substantial and increasingly positive impact on economic growth. In the heyday of colonial expansion, eliminating the economic links to empire would have reduced Portugal's per capita income by roughly a fifth. While the empire helped the domestic economy it was not

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to return the enclaves, viewing them as integral parts of Portugal. The following year, the Portuguese constitution was amended to change the status of the colonies to overseas provinces. In 1954, a local uprising resulted in the overthrow of the Portuguese authorities in the Indian enclave of

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The Tamoio had been allied with the French since the settlement of France Antarctique, and despite the French loss in 1560, the Tamoio were still a threat. They launched two attacks in 1561 and 1564 (the latter event was assisting the French), and were nearly successful with each. By this time

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sent a squadron of junks against Portuguese caravels that succeeded in driving the Portuguese away and reclaiming Tamao. As a result, the Chinese posted an edict banning men with Caucasian features from entering Canton, killing multiple Portuguese there, and driving the Portuguese back to sea.

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to South-east Asia, seeking an agreement with the Sultan of Malacca, and Jorge de Aguiar followed by Duarte de Lemos were sent to the area between the Cape of Good Hope and Gujarat. However, such posts were centralized by Afonso de Albuquerque after his succession and remained so in subsequent

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interfered with the process with denunciations, and later sent a Kongo mission to Ndongo after the latter had arrested the Portuguese mission that came. The growing official and unofficial slave trading with Ndongo strained relations between Kongo and the Portuguese, and even had Portuguese

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was a military success, and marked one of the first steps in Portuguese expansion beyond the Iberian Peninsula, but it proved costly to defend against the Muslim forces that soon besieged it. The Portuguese were unable to use it as a base for further expansion into the hinterland, and the

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Spanish imperial trade networks now were opened to Portuguese merchants, which was particularly lucrative for Portuguese slave traders who could now sell slaves in Spanish America at a higher price than could be fetched in Brazil. In addition to this newly acquired access to the Spanish

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was also incorporated into the Macau-Nagasaki trading network, allowing Macanese of Portuguese descent to act as trading agents for Philippine Spaniards and use Spanish silver from the Americas in trade with China, and they later drew competition with the Dutch East India Company.

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the British, the French, or the Belgians)" and in part due to the lack of "a free and open debate on the costs of upholding an empire against the anti-colonial consensus that had prevailed in the United Nations since the early 1960s". The rise of Soviet influence among the

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Free from threats to its existence and unchallenged by the wars fought by other European states, Portuguese attention turned overseas and towards a military expedition to the Muslim lands of North Africa. There were several probable motives for their first attack, on the

6070:, the Portuguese transfer to China was met with less resistance than that of Britain regarding Hong Kong, as Portugal had already recognized Macau as Chinese territory under Portuguese administration in 1979. Under the transfer agreement, Macau is to be governed under a 5693:

and all but a few bases in Asia. During this phase, Portuguese colonialism focused on expanding its outposts in Africa into nation-sized territories to compete with other European powers there. Portugal pressed into the hinterland of Angola and Mozambique, and explorers

5825:. As autumn approached, Germany found success in both Portuguese Africa and against Portuguese vessels, sinking multiple ships. After nearly three years of fighting (from a Portuguese perspective), World War I ended, with an armistice being signed by Germany. At the 4698:

to serve as a base for cod fishing. Pressure from natives and competing European fisheries prevented a permanent establishment and it was abandoned five years later. Several attempts to establish settlements in Newfoundland over the next half-century also failed.

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in 1576 and soon became a slave port. De Novais' subsequent alliance with Ndongo angered Luso-Africans who resented the influence from the Crown. In 1579, Ndongo ruler Ngola Kiluanje kia Ndamdi massacred Portuguese and Kongolese residents in the Ndongo capital

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In 1914, the German Empire formulated plans to usurp Angola from Portuguese control. Skirmishes between Portuguese and German soldiers ensued, resulting in reinforcements being sent from the mainland. The main objective of these soldiers was to recapture the

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and never returned to Brazil. The French attacks did cease to an extent after retaliation led to the Portuguese paying the French to stop attacking Portuguese ships throughout the Atlantic, but the attacks would continue to be a problem well into the 1560s.

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also created instabilities among Portuguese overseas populations, as the United States and Soviet Union vied to increase their spheres of influence. Following the granting of independence to India by Britain in 1947, and the decision by France to allow its

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After the Sultan of Bintan detained several Portuguese under Tomás Pires, the Chinese then executed 23 Portuguese and threw the rest into prison where they resided in squalid, sometimes fatal conditions. The Chinese then massacred Portuguese who resided at

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led by Rodrigo de Lima in 1520. This coincided with the Portuguese search for Prester John, as they soon associated the kingdom as his land. The fear of Turkish advances within the Portuguese and Ethiopian sectors also played a role in their alliance. The

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along the coasts of Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. This commercial network and the colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth (1500–1800) when it accounted for about a fifth of Portugal's per-capita income.

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Jorge Alvares was the first European to reach China by sea, while the Romans were the first overland via Asia Minor. He was also the first European to discover Hong Kong. In 1514, Afonso de Albuquerque, the Viceroy of the Estado da India, dispatched

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by this period. However, they soon began to shield Chinese junks and a cautious trade began. In 1557 the Chinese authorities allowed the Portuguese to settle in Macau, creating a warehouse in the trade of goods between China, Japan, Goa and Europe.

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and formally annexed the following year. Salazar refused to recognize the transfer of sovereignty, believing the territories to be merely occupied. The Province of Goa continued to be represented in the Portuguese National Assembly until 1974.

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independence movements. However, Salazar publicly stated his determination to keep the empire intact, and by the end of the year, 50,000 troops had been stationed there. The same year, the tiny Portuguese fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá in

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made its way to India, exploring trade opportunities with the Indians and Arabs, and winding up finally in Ethiopia. His detailed report was eagerly read in Lisbon, which became the best-informed center for global geography and trade routes.

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Guarding its trade from both European and Asian competitors, Portugal dominated not only the trade between Asia and Europe, but also much of the trade between different regions of Asia and Africa, such as India, Indonesia, China, and Japan.

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warrior-slaves, these men acted as feudal-like lords, either levying tax from local chieftains, defending them and their estates from marauding tribes, participating in the ivory or slave trade, and becoming involved in the politics of the

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entered Portuguese waters again and once more attacked Madeira, sinking multiple Portuguese ships. Through the beginning of 1918, Portugal continued to fight along the Allied front against Germany, including participation in the infamous

6288: 5347:, Goa. They belonged to the noble Pinto clan, hence the name of the rebellion. This was fought due to the Portuguese refusing to create bishops and other officials from the colonies and demanded equality. The family was one of the first 3299:, the accessibility of Madeira attracted Genoese and Flemish traders keen to bypass Venetian monopolies. Slaves were used, and the proportion of imported slaves in Madeira reached 10% of the total population by the 16th century. By 1480 3956:(as it was recaptured on her feast day), and attempted to build rapport with the Hindus by protecting their temples and reducing their tax requirements. The Portuguese maintained friendly relations with the south Indian Emperors of the 3564:, or brazilwood, from which it later inherited its name, but the failure to find gold or silver meant that for the time being Portuguese efforts were concentrated on India. In 1502, to enforce its trade monopoly over a wide area of the 5317:

and several minor bases in India, and managed to regain territories in Brazil and Africa, but lost forever to prominence in Asia as trade was diverted through increasing numbers of English, Dutch and French trading posts. In 1787, in

5424:(immigrants from Portugal and other regions in Brazil), so a whole set of bureaucratic controls began in 1710 with the captaincy of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. By 1718, São Paulo and Minas Gerais became two captaincies, with eight 6108:

Macau was returned to China on 20 December 1999, under the terms of an agreement negotiated between People's Republic of China and Portugal twelve years earlier. Nevertheless, the Portuguese language remains co-official with

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had some seventy ships engaged in the Madeira sugar trade, with the refining and distribution concentrated in Antwerp. By the 1490s Madeira had overtaken Cyprus as a producer of sugar. The success of sugar merchants such as

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Upon de Sousa's arrival and success, fifteen latitudinal tracts, theoretically to span from the coast to the Tordesillas limit, were decreed by João III on 28 September 1532. The plot of the lands formed as a hereditary

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put an end to Ottoman ambitions, confirming the Portuguese hegemony in the region, as well as gaining superiority over the Mughals. However, the Ottomans fought off attacks from the Portuguese in the Red Sea and in the

3798: 2825:, although the realms continued to have separate administrations. As the King of Spain was also King of Portugal, Portuguese colonies became the subject of attacks by three rival European powers hostile to Spain: the 6026:

promptly broke out, with incoming communist governments formed by the former rebels (and backed by the Soviet Union, Cuba, and other communist countries) fighting against insurgent groups supported by nations like

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to England as part of a dowry, and over the next hundred years the English gradually became the dominant trader in India, gradually excluding the trade of other powers. In 1668 Spain recognized the end of the

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in the mid-15th century, a ship that could be sailed closer to the wind than any other in operation in Europe at the time. Using this new maritime technology, Portuguese navigators reached ever more southerly

5610:), and the capital was transferred from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, the only instance of a European country being ruled from one of its colonies. There was also the election of Brazilian representatives to the 4889:, took part as members of attacks on the Tamoios and as spies for their resources. From 1565 through 1567 Mem de Sá and his forces eventually destroyed France Antarctique at Guanabara Bay. He and his nephew, 4794:. The rise of the sugar industry came about because the Crown took the easiest sources of profit (brazilwood, spices, etc.), leaving settlers to come up with new revenue sources. The establishment of the 5415:

The gold rush considerably increased the revenue of the Portuguese crown, who charged a fifth of all the ore mined, or the "fifth". Diversion and smuggling were frequent, along with altercations between

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against Islam; to the military class, it promised glory on the battlefield and the spoils of war; and finally, it was also a chance to expand Portuguese trade and to address Portugal's economic decline.

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in 1567, after Mem de Sá proclaimed the area "São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro" in 1565. By 1575, the Tamoios had been subdued and essentially were extinct, and by 1580 the government became more of an

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Along with Almeida's initial attempts, Manuel I and his council in Lisbon had tried to distribute power in the Indian Ocean, creating three areas of jurisdiction: Albuquerque was sent to the Red Sea,

5995:) – was to end the wars and negotiate Portuguese withdrawal from its African colonies. These events prompted a mass exodus of Portuguese citizens from Portugal's African territories (mostly from 6344: 4383:. In a shifting series of alliances, the Portuguese dominated much of the southern Persian Gulf for the next hundred years. With the regular maritime route linking Lisbon to Goa since 1497, the 4167:

Despite initial harmony and excitement between the two cultures, difficulties began to arise shortly afterwards, including misunderstanding, bigotry, and even hostility. The Portuguese explorer

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in 1999. The empire began in the 15th century, and from the early 16th century it stretched across the globe, with bases in Africa, North America, South America, and various regions of Asia and

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system ineffective, João III decided to centralize the government of the colony in order to "give help and assistance" to grantees. In 1548 he created the first General Government, sending in

5012:". These expeditions lasted for years venturing into unmapped regions, initially to capture natives and force them into slavery, and later focusing on finding gold, silver and diamond mines. 3975:

traded there. Albuquerque targeted Malacca to impede the Muslim and Venetian influence in the spice trade and increase that of Lisbon. By July 1511, Albuquerque had captured Malacca and sent

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the Church of England was a " state church " in the colonies the way it indisputably was in England, and as the Roman Catholic Church was in the neighboring Spanish and Portuguese empires.

3209:, Henry's brother and by then regent of the Kingdom, granted him the monopoly of navigation, war and trade in the lands south of Cape Bojador. Later this monopoly would be enforced by the 9730: 5726:, was the main objective of Portuguese policy in the 1880s. However, the idea was unacceptable to the British, who had their own aspirations of contiguous British territory running from 3117:

on the African coast. Henry wished to know how far the Muslim territories in Africa extended, and whether it was possible to reach Asia by sea, both to reach the source of the lucrative

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attacked and conquered regions of Kongo in 1568, Portuguese assisted Kongo in their defeat. In response, the Kongo allowed the colonization of Luanda Island; Luanda was established by

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Although Ceuta proved to be a disappointment for the Portuguese, the decision was taken to hold it while exploring along the Atlantic African coast. A key supporter of this policy was

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Although the royal family returned to Portugal in 1821, the interlude led to a growing desire for independence amongst Brazilians. In 1822, the son of Dom João VI, then prince-regent

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under the influence of Portuguese renegades. Both the Portuguese and Kongo fought against Ndongo, and off-and-on warfare between the Ndongo and Portugal would persist for decades.

3910:("State of India"), with its capital in Goa, included possessions (as subjected areas with a certain degree of autonomy) in all the Asian sub-continents, East Africa, and Pacific. 3542:

left Portugal in 1497, rounded the Cape and continued along the coast of East Africa, where a local pilot was brought on board who guided them across the Indian Ocean, reaching

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and the north Atlantic coast of Canada, which accounts for the appearance of "Labrador" on topographical maps of the period. Subsequently, in 1500–1501 and 1502, the brothers

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in 1541, and in the northern region of the Persian Gulf in 1546 and 1552. Each entity ultimately had to respect the sphere of influence of the other, albeit unofficially.

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in order to ensure the protection of this trade, which was held again as a royal monopoly. The equator was crossed by navigators sponsored by Fernão Gomes in 1473 and the

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were captured. During these battles the Ming Chinese captured weapons from the defeated Portuguese which they then reverse engineered and mass-produced in China such as

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threats in Brazil were largely unrealized in Portugal until 1808 because of effective policing and espionage. More revolts would occur after the arrival of the court.

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According to economic historians, Portugal's colonial trade had a substantial positive impact on Portuguese economic growth, 1500–1800. Leonor Costa et al. conclude:

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trading posts in 1545 and 1549, due to extensive and damaging raids by the Portuguese along the coast, which irritated the Chinese. Portuguese pirating was second to

14630: 3113:, and who took the lead role in promoting and financing Portuguese maritime exploration until his death in 1460. At the time, Europeans did not know what lay beyond 5144: 4497:

with Portuguese soldiers and muskets. Though the Ottomans responded with support of soldiers and muskets to the Adal Sultanate, after the death of the Adali sultan

17685: 5979:(1961–1974), in which Portugal resisted to the emerging nationalist guerrilla movements in some of its African territories, eventually led to the collapse of the 5249:

The loss of colonies was one of the reasons that contributed to the end of the personal union with Spain. In 1640 John IV was proclaimed King of Portugal and the

4247:. With the Portuguese already established in nearby Ternate, conflict was inevitable, leading to nearly a decade of skirmishes. A resolution was reached with the 3971:, the largest spice market of the period. Though the trade was largely dominated by the Gujarati, other groups such as the Turks, Persians, Armenians, Tamils and 3070:, a strategically located North African Muslim enclave along the Mediterranean Sea, and one of the terminal ports of the trans-Saharan gold and slave trades. The 6441: 1499: 9772: 5505:, which led to the dissolution of the order in the region by 1759. Pombal wished to improve the status of the natives by declaring them free and increasing the 5497:, which reported directly to the Crown in Lisbon. The 18th century was marked by increasing centralization of royal power throughout the Portuguese empire. The 17695: 6230: 5529:, was hanged. Among the conspiracies led by the African population was the Bahian revolt in 1798, led primarily by João de Deus do Nascimento. Inspired by the 3686:

came to the attention of Portuguese officials soon after for their resistance to missionary activities as well as logistical reasons due to its proximity with

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in Lisbon seeing to his interests. Philip even had the capital moved to Lisbon for a two-year period (1581–83) due to it being the most important city in the

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policy, in which it will retain a high degree of autonomy and maintain its capitalist way of life for at least 50 years after the handover, until 2049. The

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the coast of Africa and the Atlantic archipelagos in 1418–1419, using recent developments in navigation, cartography, and maritime technology such as the

17690: 14957: 14669: 6431: 5603: 5558: 5602:, ordered the transfer of the royal court to Brazil. In 1815 Brazil was elevated to the status of Kingdom, the Portuguese state officially becoming the 4537:

In east-Africa, the main agents acting on behalf of the Portuguese Crown, exploring and settling the territory of what would become Mozambique were the

14704: 3224:(1455), granting Portugal the trade monopoly for the newly discovered lands. A major advance that accelerated this project was the introduction of the 1492: 1139: 5765:. Two years later, on October 5, 1910, he was overthrown and fled into exile in England in Fulwell Park, Twickenham near London and Portugal became a 4984:. At Tomar, Philip promised to keep the empires legally distinct, leaving the administration of the Portuguese Empire to Portuguese nationals, with a 2179: 7582: 5460:

killed between 40,000 and 60,000 people out of a population of 275,000. This sharply checked Portuguese colonial ambitions in the late 18th century.

81: 4682:, and Greenland, claiming these lands for Portugal. In 1506, King Manuel I created taxes for the cod fisheries in Newfoundland waters. Around 1521, 17645: 14637: 9053: 3323:. Gomes, who had to explore 100 miles (160 km) of the coast each year for five years, discovered the islands of the Gulf of Guinea, including 2117: 2087: 1992: 1857: 5049:, leading Philip II to prohibit commerce with Dutch ships, including in Brazil where Dutch had invested large sums in financing sugar production. 4168: 3760:

Although requested by Manuel I to further explore interests in Malacca and Sri Lanka, Almeida instead focused on western India, in particular the

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and his brother Pero Lopes went to patrol the whole Brazilian coast, banish the French, and create some of the first colonial towns – among them

4198: 3866: 12079:: history of the Portuguese and the Dutch in Ceylon, India, Malacca, Bengal, Formosa, Africa, Brazil. Language Heritage, lists of remains, maps. 4203: 2007: 9833:"Joint declaration of the Government of the People's Republic of China and The Government of the Republic of Portugal on the question of Macao" 9750: 9704: 5563: 5433: 3502: 2219: 309: 15895: 7014: 5432:

Africans became the largest group of people in Minas Gerais. Slaves labeled as 'Minas' and 'Angolas' rose in high demand during the boom. The

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in mainland Europe. However, the diminished influence from states such as the United Kingdom increased the Kingdom's dependence upon Brazil.

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playing a large role in Minas Gerais, the number of them that received marginalization was greater there than in any other region in Brazil.

4865:, and slave forces from France Antarctique, but left survivors after burning their fortifications and villages. These survivors would settle 3094: 1472: 5037:, countries which were beginning to establish their own overseas empires. The primary threat came from the Dutch, who had been engaged in a 17715: 12383: 5804:. In 1917, one of the actions taken by Portugal was to assist Britain in its timber industry, imperative to the war effort. Along with the 259: 5168:

in the war. The Dutch attained victories in Asia and Africa with assistance of various indigenous allies, eventually wrenching control of

5019: 3201:, and whether it was possible to return once it was passed, were assuaged in 1434 when it was rounded by one of Infante Henry's captains, 17675: 17038: 11709: 10082: 5067:, the Portuguese were able to solve their bullion shortage issues with access to the production of the silver mining in Peru and Mexico. 10846: 10433:

Christian-Muslim Relations. a Bibliographical History.: Volume 7. Central and Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and South America (1500–1600)

10029: 5133:. Dutch and English interests used this new information, leading to their commercial expansion, including the foundation of the English 3998:

The Malacca peninsula became the strategic base for Portuguese trade expansion with China and Southeast Asia. A strong gate, called the

17635: 14416: 6295: 6148: 6098: 6055: 5554: 4658:, the Portuguese Crown, under the kings Manuel I, John III and Sebastian, also claimed territorial rights in North America (reached by 3264:, off the coast of Mauritania, to attract Muslim traders and monopolize the business in the routes travelled in North Africa. In 1446, 2974: 2943: 2523: 2476: 2471: 1216: 1036: 12677: 12083:"The Present State of the West-Indies: Containing an Accurate Description of What Parts Are Possessed by the Several Powers in Europe" 10179: 4560: 2915: 928: 17705: 17660: 14777: 10473: 10363: 10137: 5967:) that had gained its independence from France. Unrest spread from Angola to Guinea, which rebelled in 1963, and Mozambique in 1964. 4707:

Within a few years after Cabral arrived from Brazil, competition came along from France. In 1503, an expedition under the command of

2545: 2174: 1347: 9988: 4973:

in 1578. At the Cortes of Tomar in 1581, Philip was crowned Philip I of Portugal, uniting the two crowns and overseas empires under

17670: 17640: 17630: 15471: 14320: 12118: 7665: 6279: 5664: 3485:

time. Whether or not this was the case, the long-standing Portuguese goal of finding a sea route to Asia was finally achieved in a

2597: 1707: 844: 12773: 12723: 5746: 5468:

sufficient to annul the tendency towards decline in relation to Europe's advanced core which set in from the 17th century onwards.

4543:, to whom vast estates around the Zambezi River were leased by the King as a reward for their services. Commanding vast armies of 17605: 14512: 14263: 10431: 9810: 6191: 5517:

Encouraged by the example of the United States of America, which had won its independence from Britain, the colonial province of

5121:

The Dutch eventually realized the importance of Goa in breaking up the Portuguese empire in Asia. In 1583, merchant and explorer

4632: 3477:, or 970 miles (1,560 km), west of the Cape Verde islands. However, as it was not possible at the time to correctly measure 14476: 14149: 10528: 9859: 7534: 5223:. In Ethiopia and Japan in the 1630s, the ousting of missionaries by local leaders severed influence in the respective regions. 17700: 15441: 14744: 8618: 6199: 6048: 4231:

arrived in the region and claimed the Philippines for Spain. In 1525, Spain under Charles V sent an expedition to colonize the

4010:(modern Thailand), where he was the first European to arrive, establishing amicable relations and trade between both kingdoms. 11769: 11391: 8880: 7788: 6183: 3022:. After establishing itself as a separate kingdom in 1139, Portugal completed its reconquest of Moorish territory by reaching 2712: 16848: 16230: 15206: 14159: 14059: 11933: 11914: 11893: 11865: 11842: 11821: 11610: 11443: 11422: 11357: 11315: 11288: 11267: 11246: 11160: 11022: 10896: 10789: 10726: 10619: 10547: 10483: 10420: 10352: 10333: 10238: 10210: 10168: 10066: 9643: 9392: 9166: 8794: 8760: 8256: 8144: 7979: 7673: 7467: 7440: 7413: 7386: 7352: 7316: 6691: 6387: 6144: 4739: 3465:, which he believed to be Asia, led to disputes between the Spanish and the Portuguese. These were eventually settled by the 2269: 1550: 17: 11470: 10265: 8671: 15144: 15103: 14892: 14391: 14371: 7790:

The Voyage of Don Stefano de Gama from Goa to Suez, in 1540, with the intention of Burning the Turkish Galleys at that port

7555: 6219: 5926:

to be incorporated into the newly independent nation, pressure was placed on Portugal to do the same. This was resisted by

4138: 3748: 2627: 2535: 16754: 9601: 17710: 17665: 17553: 15257: 15201: 14972: 14947: 14907: 14313: 13326: 12111: 10758: 9768: 8913: 6278:

In light of its international importance, Portugal and Brazil are leading a movement to include Portuguese as one of the

6044: 5782: 5660: 5441:. Those that became free partook in artisan jobs such as cobblers, tailors, and blacksmiths. In spite of free blacks and 5236: 5232: 5219:, would result in a draw. They would continue to use Muscat as a base for repetitive incursions within the Indian Ocean, 4030: 3890: 3877: 3486: 3084: 2999: 2939: 2612: 2379: 1226: 1211: 1189: 1146: 240: 9917: 6035:

also declared independence in 1975 by making an exodus of many Portuguese refugees to Portugal, which was also known as

5575: 4857:

as new Brazilian governor general, and Sá left for Brazil in 1557. By 1560, Sá and his forces had expelled the combined

3335:(the mine), where he established a trading post. Trade between Elmina and Portugal grew throughout a decade. During the 1331: 1244: 17407: 16900: 15900: 15497: 15275: 14790: 14729: 14253: 11779: 11758: 11737: 11527: 11494: 11380: 11225: 11181: 11118: 10959: 10768: 10747: 10684: 10657: 10638: 10441: 10312: 10147: 10126: 8923: 8890: 6421: 6075: 5881: 5326:, also known as the Pinto Revolt, known in Portuguese as A Conjuração dos Pintos occured, this was a rebellion against 4833:, the latter which Nóbrega co-founded. Along with the Jesuit missions later came disease among the natives, among them 4791: 4002:, was erected to defend the city and remains. Learning of Siamese ambitions over Malacca, Albuquerque immediately sent 2951: 2849: 2736: 1807: 1727: 1337: 788: 439: 6012: 5164:, which would last for over sixty years (1602–1663). Other European nations, such as Protestant England, assisted the 2797:

Over the following decades, Portuguese sailors continued to explore the coasts and islands of East Asia, establishing

2159: 15544: 14739: 14714: 13839: 12020: 11988: 11954: 11800: 11692: 11671: 11631: 11589: 11567: 11548: 11464: 11401: 11336: 11204: 11139: 11097: 11076: 11045: 11001: 10980: 10938: 10917: 10872: 10840: 10819: 10705: 10598: 10574: 10504: 10462: 10399: 10373: 10291: 10259: 10189: 9724: 8982: 8058: 8033: 7999: 7570: 6156: 6137: 6040: 5076: 4958: 4251:

in 1529, attributing the Moluccas to Portugal and the Philippines to Spain. The Portuguese traded regularly with the

4087:

In their first attempts at obtaining trading posts by force, the Portuguese were defeated by the Ming Chinese at the

3934: 2798: 2647: 1465: 495: 71: 10522:

Imperial Culture and Colonial Projects: The Portuguese-Speaking World from the Fifteenth to the Eighteenth Centuries

5525:

failed, its leaders were arrested, and of the participants in the insurrections, the one of lowest social position,

1607: 1318: 17538: 17133: 14396: 14258: 14169: 9836: 7505: 6411: 4932: 4600: 2814: 2439: 2319: 2107: 1555: 1166: 65: 9468:

Vincent-Smith, J. D. (Sep 1974). "The Anglo-German Negotiations over the Portuguese Colonies in Africa, 1911–14".

5629:. Unlike the Spanish colonies of South America, Brazil's independence was achieved without significant bloodshed. 17655: 17563: 17166: 17031: 16526: 15113: 14604: 14446: 14248: 12071: 12037: 10139:

Ethiopia and the Red Sea: The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim European Rivalry in the Region

6298:; member states (blue), associate observers (green), and officially-interested countries & territories (gold) 6000: 4798:

industry demanded intensive labor that would be met with Native American and, later, African slaves. Deeming the

3745:

Almeida refused to turn over power and soon placed Albuquerque under house arrest, where he remained until 1509.

3654:

of Portuguese India, establishing the Portuguese government in the east. That year the Portuguese also conquered

3336: 2763: 2456: 2194: 2052: 2017: 1982: 1962: 1622: 1392: 1279: 15688: 14118: 9054:

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/pinto-revolt-murals-to-adorn-candolim-road/articleshow/56129402.cms

5972: 3833: 3205:. Once this psychological barrier had been crossed, it became easier to probe further along the coast. In 1443, 17350: 17183: 17121: 15285: 14807: 12091: 10739:

The Asian Mediterranean: Port Cities and Trading Networks in China, Japan and Southeast Asia, 13th–21st Century

10540:

An Earth-colored Sea: Race, Culture And The Politics Of Identity In The Post-colonial Portuguese-speaking World

9885: 7772: 6129: 6102: 6063: 6058:

with the People's Republic of China to establish the process and conditions for the transfer of sovereignty of

5745:

The King's reaction to the ultimatum was exploited by republicans. On February 1, 1908, King Carlos and Prince

5102: 4272: 3386: 3248:

Map of Western Africa by Lázaro Luis (1563). The large castle in West Africa represents the São Jorge da Mina (

3206: 2962: 2958: 2838: 2652: 2540: 2309: 2184: 2037: 1977: 1907: 1737: 1570: 1434: 1411: 774: 198: 14624: 6207: 5927: 5906: 5004:

of France in exchange for the promise to cede Brazil. Spanish forces eventually captured the islands in 1583.

2884: 17558: 17467: 16964: 15159: 15118: 15083: 14770: 14072: 14033: 12061: 10566: 6627:, p. 56: Henry, a product of 15th-century Portugal, was inspired by both religious and economic factors. 6393: 6078:

on December 20, 1999, officially marked the end of the Portuguese Empire and the end of colonialism in Asia.

5951: 4647: 4304: 4142: 3885: 3700: 2550: 2189: 1657: 1376: 1355: 14992: 9952: 5849: 3324: 1266: 830: 17625: 16959: 16843: 15466: 15309: 15247: 15033: 15028: 14724: 14491: 14046: 14020: 5826: 5674: 5245:

Flag of Portugal (1667–1706). From the 15th–19th centuries the Portuguese flags all looked similar to this.

5106: 4712: 3606:) and a trading post that was the first European settlement in India. They established a trading center at 2830: 2518: 2032: 1987: 1535: 1458: 1396: 1380: 1293: 1121: 1091: 994: 7586: 7295:

Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania by Barbara A. West. Infobase Publishing, 2009. p. 800

5829:, Portugal regained control of all its lost territory, but did not retain possession (by the principle of 5095:

was sent by Dutch merchants to Lisbon, to gather as much information as he could about the Spice Islands.

4762:(Capitanias Hereditárias) to grantees rich enough to support settlement, as had been done successfully in 4730:

to press an effort to establish effective occupation of the territory. In 1531, a royal expedition led by

4368: 3622:) city in (1503) in 1502, which became the centre of trade in pepper, and after founding manufactories at 3125:

that was rumoured to exist somewhere in the "Indies". Under his sponsorship, soon the Atlantic islands of

17517: 17512: 17128: 16969: 16006: 15451: 15179: 15093: 14987: 14902: 14887: 14674: 12051: 8726: 6090: 5996: 5786: 5216: 5149: 4821:, at the Bay of All Saints in 1549. Among de Sousa's 1000 man expedition were soldiers, workers, and six 4240: 3953: 3518: 3514: 3075:

trans-Saharan caravans merely shifted their routes to bypass Ceuta and/or used alternative Muslim ports.

2642: 2369: 2314: 1261: 1116: 1084: 872: 156: 121: 14386: 7482:

Hong Kong & Macau 14 By Andrew Stone, Piera Chen, Chung Wah Chow Lonely Planet, 2010. pp. 20–21

4966: 3311:

In 1469, after prince Henry's death and as a result of meagre returns of the African explorations, King

2072: 17615: 17573: 17568: 17024: 15108: 15078: 14962: 14932: 14421: 14411: 14296: 14289: 11906:

Exiles, Allies, Rebels: Brazil's Indianist Movement, Indigenist Politics, and the Imperial Nation-State

5615: 5250: 5122: 4926: 4683: 4498: 4264: 4050: 3881: 3769: 3523: 2434: 2364: 1967: 1767: 1757: 1672: 1196: 1041: 361: 9042: 8709: 4997: 4663: 4212: 2399: 17650: 17610: 17543: 17297: 17258: 16927: 16075: 15639: 15098: 15038: 15012: 14982: 14977: 14461: 14456: 5917:, decolonization movements began to gain momentum in the empires of the European powers. The ensuing 5778: 5110: 5033:

However, the union meant that Spain dragged Portugal into its conflicts with England, France and the

4829:. The Jesuits would have an essential role in the colonization of Brazil, including São Vicente, and 4715:

traded for brazilwood after making contact in southern Brazil a year later. Expeditions sponsored by

4679: 4364: 4335:

The Portuguese empire expanded into the Persian Gulf, contesting control of the spice trade with the

4134: 3952:

in India in 1510. He encouraged Portuguese settlers to marry local women, built a church in honor of

2602: 2560: 2506: 2409: 2224: 2047: 1947: 1842: 1677: 1642: 1602: 1400: 1342: 1251: 1231: 4866: 3948:, on November 25 of the same year it was recaptured. In Goa, Albuquerque began the first Portuguese 2555: 16885: 16860: 16710: 16369: 16364: 15381: 15346: 15326: 15184: 15149: 14897: 14763: 10888:

Africa and the Americas: Culture, Politics, and History: A Multidisciplinary Encyclopedia, Volume 2

9519: 7006: 6071: 6051:

resulted in a majority of East Timorese choosing independence, which was finally achieved in 2002.

5988: 5790: 5695: 5323: 5212: 5161: 4870: 4411: 4220: 4130: 3510: 3343:

fleet attempted to wrest control of this lucrative trade, but were decisively defeated in the 1478

2935: 2491: 2461: 2374: 2304: 2249: 2112: 2082: 1882: 1832: 1827: 1797: 1787: 1697: 1652: 1627: 1617: 1585: 1545: 1388: 1046: 746: 348: 14559: 9359: 5754: 5522: 5355:

by the Portuguese crown and two brothers were granted a coat of arms in 1770, and included in the

3994:' in the Age of Discovery. Afonso de Albuquerque's strategy to encircle the Indian Ocean is shown. 3050: 17620: 17548: 17206: 16952: 16833: 16374: 16327: 16270: 15969: 15913: 15661: 15409: 15356: 15331: 15237: 15196: 15189: 15002: 14734: 10718:

Africa and the World: An Introduction to the History of Sub-Saharan Africa from Antiquity to 1840

10454:

Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonization in the Portuguese Empire, 1550–1755

10025: 6175: 6007:. Portugal's new ruling authorities also recognized Goa and other Portuguese India's territories 5976: 5931: 5873: 5805: 5625:, proclaimed the independence of Brazil on September 7, 1822, and was crowned Emperor of the new 5192: 5160:

The Dutch took their fight overseas, attacking Spanish and Portuguese colonies and beginning the

5087:, which was loaded with 900 tons of merchandise from India and China estimated at half a million 5080: 5015: 4476:

After a series of prolonged contacts with Ethiopia, the Portuguese embassy made contact with the

4407: 4388: 4344: 4268: 3788: 3780:. In retaliation, the Portuguese fought and destroyed the Mamluks and Gujarati fleets in the sea 2978: 2923: 2637: 2513: 2424: 2414: 2384: 2329: 2294: 2234: 2169: 2144: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2042: 2022: 2002: 1957: 1867: 1862: 1802: 1782: 1752: 1742: 1702: 1590: 1305: 413: 374: 14351: 11980: 11792:

Goa Through the Ages: An Economic History, Issue 6 of Goa University publication series Volume 2

10676: 9030: 6132:

that remain politically linked to Portugal. Although Portugal began the process of decolonizing

5380:

Thus, throughout the century, Brazil gained increasing importance to the empire, which exported

3736:, they instead followed a strategy intended to close off commerce to and from the Indian Ocean. 3555: 2787: 17372: 17201: 16974: 16875: 16870: 16558: 16506: 16426: 16359: 16263: 16248: 16141: 15908: 15862: 15703: 15590: 15436: 15164: 14997: 14942: 14937: 14917: 14659: 14619: 14441: 14381: 14128: 13573: 13219: 11519: 11412: 6456: 5980: 5963:, a remnant of the West African slave trade, was annexed by the new government of Dahomey (now 5939: 5735: 5614:(Portuguese Constitutional Courts), the Parliament that assembled in Lisbon in the wake of the 5579: 5550: 5453: 5023: 4731: 4607:, and it became the major trading port in Japan in the triangular trade with China and Europe. 4494: 4486: 3804: 3595:, the Portuguese were well-received and seen as allies, as they obtained a permit to build the 3088: 2894:

made some ill-fated attempts to cling on to its last remaining colonies. Under the ideology of

2888: 2873: 2845: 2834: 2724: 2451: 2289: 2254: 2239: 2149: 2139: 2097: 2092: 1942: 1937: 1887: 1817: 1692: 1560: 1299: 1206: 1156: 387: 11883: 11811: 11433: 11347: 11307: 11215: 11150: 11129: 11108: 11087: 11056:

The Decolonization of Portuguese Africa: Metropolitan Revolution and the Dissolution of Empire

10991: 10970: 10928: 10907: 10779: 10737: 10716: 10302: 10086: 10052: 8972: 8752: 8751:(4th ed.). Berkeley and Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. p. 7342: 4735: 4592: 4516:

and its ruler Ngola Kiljuane in 1520, after the latter requested missionaries. Kongolese king

4460: 3777: 3663: 3575: 3554:) in south-western India in May 1498. The second voyage to India was dispatched in 1500 under 2164: 17452: 17317: 16905: 16865: 16678: 16553: 15617: 15607: 15566: 15537: 15431: 15361: 15336: 15295: 15211: 15169: 15154: 15066: 15043: 14922: 14719: 14466: 14376: 13927: 12546: 12503: 12433: 11904: 11748: 11728:

Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil: The High Court of Bahia and Its Judges, 1609–1751

11642: 11600: 11278: 11257: 11171: 11066: 11012: 10949: 10830: 10588: 10494: 10452: 10021: 9633: 9382: 7762: 6466: 6461: 5808:, Portuguese personnel established logging infrastructure in an area now referred to as the " 5762: 5638: 5310: 4962: 4759: 4720: 4655: 4403: 4236: 3895: 3858: 3717: 3466: 3453: 3437: 3305: 2826: 2344: 2324: 2244: 2209: 2102: 2077: 2027: 1952: 1877: 1792: 1732: 1540: 1418: 1384: 1256: 187: 16793: 14305: 11790: 11506:(1953). Asia and Western dominance, 1498–1945, by K.M. Panikkar. London: G. Allen and Unwin. 11487:

Imperial Portugal in the Age of Atlantic Revolutions: The Luso-Brazilian World, c. 1770–1850

10695: 9716: 9156: 8784: 6215: 6136:

in 1975, during 1999–2002 was sometimes considered Portugal's last remaining colony, as the

4723:. By 1531, the French had stationed a trading post off of an island on the Brazilian coast. 3824: 2565: 17507: 17502: 17442: 17377: 17282: 16998: 16828: 16798: 16673: 16604: 16575: 16494: 15828: 15666: 15656: 15456: 15366: 15132: 15007: 13697: 13232: 12444: 9191:"The great escape? The contribution of the empire to Portugal's economic growth, 1500–1800" 7583:"When Portugal Ruled the Seas | History & Archaeology | Smithsonian Magazine" 6451: 6023: 5984: 5877: 5809: 5739: 5686: 5511: 5137:

in 1600, and the Dutch East India Company in 1602. These developments allowed the entry of

5052: 4922: 4691: 4584: 4580: 4568: 4526: 4502: 4415: 4384: 4323: 4313: 4145:

and rented Macau as a trading post from China by paying annual lease of hundreds of silver

4100: 3781: 3761: 3753: 3647: 3643: 3592: 3458: 3410: 3312: 3238: 3185: 2931: 2570: 2389: 2354: 2299: 2012: 1917: 1762: 1325: 1176: 1126: 1061: 705: 663: 426: 16778: 11173:

Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the Western Hemisphere (2 Volumes)

8026:

Possessed by the Virgin: Hinduism, Roman Catholicism, and Marian Possession in South India

5177: 4826: 4391:

and a hospital. In the Azores, the Islands Armada protected the ships en route to Lisbon.

4363:

Albuquerque's expedition in that same year and another attempt by Albuquerque's successor

3367:, with which it soon developed a rapport. During his 1485–86 expedition, Cão continued to 3352: 3347:, which firmly established an exclusive Portuguese control. In 1481, the recently crowned 2786:

reached India. In 1500, either by an accidental landfall or by the crown's secret design,

2339: 1897: 8: 17472: 17402: 17345: 17262: 17088: 16690: 16570: 16536: 16438: 16258: 16253: 16065: 15784: 15720: 15595: 15580: 15490: 15401: 15376: 15351: 15290: 15265: 15225: 14882: 14876: 14798: 14709: 14699: 14654: 14584: 14569: 14366: 14337: 14095: 13717: 10650:

History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 2, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807

10631:

History of Portugal and the Portuguese Empire Volume 1, Portugal: From Beginnings to 1807

9912: 8643: 6370: 6253: 5699: 5599: 5591: 5356: 5302: 5220: 5138: 5092: 5001: 4918: 4767: 4716: 4521:

ambassadors from Sao Tome support Ndongo against the Kingdom of Kongo. However, when the

4490: 4444: 4440: 4328: 4062: 4058: 3957: 3441: 3376: 3348: 3331:

gold trade among the natives and visiting Arab and Berber traders at the port then named

3106: 3059: 3005: 2911: 2895: 2861: 2853: 2755: 2720: 2683: 2671: 2394: 2334: 1927: 1812: 1717: 1632: 1612: 1371: 1003: 691: 481: 111: 47: 16406: 16396: 14609: 12056: 11999: 11602:

Slavery in the United States: A Social, Political, and Historical Encyclopedia: Volume 2

11514:

Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century

9353: 7994:

Yosaburō Takekoshi, "The Economic Aspects of the History of the Civilization of Japan",

5372: 4886: 4434:

and passing through Bassein to pay duties and allow the horse trade. After Mughal ruler

4414:

with the Portuguese, establishing an alliance to regain the country, giving in exchange

4022: 3980: 3713: 3694: 3265: 3031: 2961:, both had overwhelmingly Portuguese populations, and Lisbon subsequently changed their 2716: 271: 17578: 17482: 17266: 17218: 17213: 17116: 17106: 17063: 17055: 16803: 16783: 16766: 16717: 16582: 16391: 16342: 16275: 16193: 16134: 16129: 16124: 16080: 16050: 15942: 15840: 15708: 15683: 15419: 15414: 15341: 15270: 15252: 14865: 14554: 14501: 14406: 13628: 12209: 11973: 11726: 11512: 11193: 10669: 10388: 9501: 9493: 7968: 6471: 6446: 6416: 6179: 5587: 5534: 5282: 5169: 5134: 4954: 4946: 4890: 4846: 4811: 4695: 4564: 4296: 4248: 4228: 4081: 3972: 3938: 3862: 3572:

licensing system, granting merchant ships protection against pirates and rival states.

3133:(1427) were reached and started to be settled, producing wheat for export to Portugal. 2970: 2810: 2466: 2264: 2229: 2122: 1837: 1822: 1682: 1580: 1565: 1423: 1111: 1066: 1031: 579: 537: 175: 14594: 10862: 9806: 5313:

and at the end of confrontations with the Dutch, Portugal was only able to cling onto

5056:

Dutch and English warships engaging a Portuguese galleon at the Battle of Cadis, 1608.

5008:

the "entradas" (entries), and by private initiative, the "bandeiras" (flags), by the "

17457: 17432: 17412: 17382: 17272: 17254: 17223: 17156: 17073: 17047: 16808: 16744: 16739: 16668: 16565: 16280: 16208: 16203: 16045: 15974: 15957: 15952: 15947: 15747: 15698: 15506: 15461: 15446: 15391: 15371: 15321: 15242: 15088: 14694: 14664: 14614: 14506: 14356: 13514: 12797: 12790: 12744: 12619: 12513: 12255: 12196: 12016: 11984: 11950: 11929: 11910: 11889: 11861: 11854: 11838: 11817: 11796: 11775: 11754: 11733: 11688: 11667: 11648: 11627: 11606: 11585: 11563: 11544: 11523: 11490: 11460: 11456:

Colonialism: An International, Social, Cultural, and Political Encyclopedia, Volume 2

11439: 11418: 11397: 11376: 11369: 11353: 11332: 11311: 11300: 11284: 11263: 11242: 11221: 11200: 11177: 11156: 11135: 11114: 11093: 11072: 11041: 11034: 11018: 10997: 10976: 10955: 10934: 10913: 10892: 10868: 10836: 10815: 10808: 10785: 10764: 10743: 10722: 10701: 10680: 10653: 10634: 10615: 10594: 10584: 10570: 10559: 10543: 10500: 10479: 10458: 10437: 10416: 10395: 10369: 10348: 10329: 10308: 10287: 10255: 10234: 10206: 10185: 10164: 10143: 10122: 10062: 9856: 9720: 9639: 9505: 9485: 9388: 9162: 9026: 8978: 8919: 8886: 8790: 8756: 8745: 8663: 8252: 8054: 8029: 7995: 7975: 7768: 7669: 7566: 7526: 7463: 7436: 7409: 7382: 7348: 7312: 6227: 6110: 6067: 6019: 5885: 5758: 5646: 5642: 5611: 5568: 5530: 5502: 5494: 5348: 5185: 5173: 5046: 4989: 4974: 4908: 4874: 4807: 4675: 4671: 4549: 4531: 4517: 4513: 4300: 4276: 4007: 3292: 3110: 3071: 3055: 3015: 2966: 2957:

to China in 1999. The only overseas possessions to remain under Portuguese rule, the

2919: 2899: 2779: 2732: 2632: 2575: 2419: 2349: 2279: 1932: 1922: 1892: 1687: 1647: 1287: 1201: 1106: 914: 719: 649: 607: 551: 523: 296: 217: 12097: 10525: 8853:

Willem Floor, "Dutch Relations with the Persian Gulf", in Lawrence G. Potter (ed.),

8622: 6264: 6238: 6086: 5987:", one of the first acts of the MFA-led government which then came into power – the 5255: 4776: 4708: 4013:

The Portuguese empire pushed further south and proceeded to discover Timor in 1512.

2817:

in 1580, there began a 60-year union between Spain and Portugal known to subsequent

2801:

and factories as they went. By 1571, a string of naval outposts connected Lisbon to

17447: 17362: 17307: 17277: 17228: 17188: 17171: 17161: 17096: 17068: 16761: 16548: 16543: 16499: 16486: 16416: 16384: 16379: 16243: 16238: 16220: 16181: 16114: 16097: 16038: 16028: 16023: 15964: 15920: 15890: 15850: 15833: 15816: 15779: 15530: 15386: 14870: 14579: 14361: 14273: 13763: 13739: 13707: 13159: 12754: 11089:

Colonialism and Postcolonial Development Spanish America in Comparative Perspective

9712: 9477: 9212: 9202: 6426: 6378: 6269: 6249: 6133: 6059: 5934: 5895: 5822: 5650: 5626: 5582:

crippled the Portuguese Empire, both economically and politically, for a long time.

5477: 5401: 5038: 4834: 4822: 4818: 4612: 4509: 4477: 4380: 4336: 4280: 4232: 4185: 4161: 4088: 4014: 4003: 3976: 3850: 3506: 3445: 3398: 3364: 3344: 3340: 3295:

capital to produce the "sweet salt" that was rare in Europe. Already cultivated in

3220: 3027: 2954: 2869: 2865: 2857: 2844:

The third era of empire covers the final stage of Portuguese colonialism after the

2751: 2592: 2486: 2429: 2404: 2284: 2274: 2214: 2204: 2154: 2134: 1872: 1847: 1772: 1747: 1637: 1575: 1101: 1024: 760: 733: 621: 509: 14589: 14549: 11414:

Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor: Volume 1

6358:, India, an example of Portuguese architecture and one of Asia's largest churches. 4803: 3898:. Albuquerque is credited with laying the foundations of Portuguese power in Asia. 3420:

As the Portuguese explored the coastlines of Africa, they left behind a series of

17487: 17462: 17250: 17233: 17078: 16979: 16947: 16820: 16788: 16771: 16727: 16722: 16700: 16695: 16653: 16646: 16621: 16481: 16476: 16317: 16198: 16092: 16087: 16055: 15880: 15870: 15764: 15757: 15752: 15737: 15693: 15575: 15561: 15511: 15424: 15280: 15174: 14564: 14544: 14534: 14451: 14085: 14007: 13361: 12343: 12010: 11944: 11832: 11682: 11661: 11621: 11538: 11454: 11326: 11236: 10886: 10832:

Central Africans, Atlantic Creoles, and the Foundation of the Americas, 1585–1660

10609: 10532: 10410: 10323: 10281: 10249: 10228: 10200: 10158: 9863: 8246: 7797: 7562: 7457: 7430: 7403: 7306: 6436: 6170:

For instance, as Portuguese merchants were presumably the first to introduce the

6160: 6008: 5890: 5797: 5750: 5486: 5306: 5270: 5180:. The Dutch also had regional control of the lucrative sugar-producing region of 4751: 4616: 4449: 4292: 4252: 4157: 4116: 4112: 3968: 3773: 3705: 3659: 3394: 3363:

in 1482. It was during this expedition that the Portuguese first encountered the

3145: 3039: 2775: 2728: 2622: 2587: 2481: 2359: 2259: 2199: 1912: 1902: 1777: 1712: 1662: 1448: 400: 322: 16401: 14539: 11644:

Fidalgos and Philanthropists: The Santa Casa da Misericórdia of Bahia, 1550–1755

10160:

A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century

9355:

History of England: From the Roman Invasion to the Accession of Queen Victoria I

6258: 5269:

saluting the squadron of Admiral Ball at Malta in 1798. In the 18th century the

4588: 3320: 3136: 1484: 17437: 17427: 17422: 17417: 17397: 17387: 17302: 17245: 17138: 17101: 16922: 16917: 16880: 16855: 16838: 16749: 16734: 16705: 16663: 16511: 16471: 16466: 16421: 16347: 16307: 16297: 16287: 16102: 15981: 15875: 15742: 15624: 14952: 14599: 13638: 13477: 12920: 12880: 12576: 12304: 12183: 12086: 11503: 11059: 10058: 9605: 6125: 5830: 5718:

In the 19th century, Portugal launched campaigns to solidify Portuguese Africa.

5709: 5204: 5196: 5098: 5088: 5042: 5034: 5027: 4992:. All the Portuguese colonies accepted the new state of affairs except for the 4978: 4937: 4894: 4576: 4482: 4469: 4340: 4084:

to sail to China in order to pioneer European trade relations with the nation.

3902: 3854: 3683: 3584: 3579:"Vasco da Gama Meets the Zamorin of Calicut", painting by Veloso Salgado, 1898. 3316: 3273: 3042:(in present-day Morocco). It offered the opportunity to continue the Christian 2982: 2818: 2617: 2607: 1972: 1722: 942: 635: 125: 100: 9481: 8647: 4878: 3986: 3772:

along with the Gujarati sultanate attacked Portuguese forces in the harbor of

2841:

that swept the Americas during the early 19th century, it broke away in 1822.

2496: 17599: 17533: 17332: 17003: 16890: 16685: 16658: 16631: 16609: 16587: 16354: 16337: 16322: 16166: 16119: 16107: 16033: 15925: 15799: 15794: 15769: 15651: 14927: 14496: 14401: 13487: 13443: 13074: 12961: 12242: 9907: 9754: 9489: 8667: 7308:

Historical Dictionary of the Discovery and Exploration of the Pacific Islands

5947: 5853: 5703: 5690: 5595: 5501:, who protected the natives against slavery, were brutally suppressed by the 5437:

amount of gold to keep the excesses, which in turn led to the possibility of

5298: 5287: 5188:, but the Portuguese regained these territories after considerable struggle. 5084: 4981: 4942: 4914: 4842: 4771: 4360: 4255:

from 1530 and described the capital of Brunei as surrounded by a stone wall.

4104: 3928: 3596: 3539: 3527: 3490: 3474: 3249: 3175: 2947: 2822: 2783: 2501: 1997: 1667: 1171: 1151: 956: 802: 335: 229: 16431: 16411: 13838:

1975 is the year of East Timor's Declaration of Independence and subsequent

10800:

Portuguese Decolonization in the Indian Ocean World: History and Ethnography

6062:, its last remaining overseas possession. While this process was similar to 5000:, a Portuguese rival claimant to the throne who had garnered the support of 4037:, where they encountered Muslims, Hindus, and Portuguese deserters known as 3764:

due to his suspicions of traders from the region possessing more power. The

17492: 17322: 17193: 17111: 16895: 16636: 16626: 16592: 16521: 16516: 16443: 16233: 16215: 16176: 16171: 16151: 16146: 16018: 16011: 16001: 15996: 15991: 15885: 15823: 15804: 15789: 15725: 14967: 14684: 14436: 14431: 14426: 13664: 13024: 12844: 12556: 11771:

The Portuguese in the East: A Cultural History of a Maritime Trading Empire

9563:

German and Austrian U-boats of World War I - Kaiserliche Marine - Uboat.net

9558: 6351: 6171: 5923: 5914: 5844:

Portuguese territories in Africa eventually included the modern nations of

5656: 5518: 5396:

in Brazil. Major discoveries of gold and, later, diamonds in Minas Gerais,

5393: 5208: 5191:

Meanwhile, in the Persian Gulf region, the Portuguese also lost control of

5181: 5165: 5009: 4642: 4522: 4288: 4284: 4216: 4208: 4054: 3991: 3729: 3565: 3269: 3214: 3198: 3122: 3114: 1221: 900: 593: 11834:

The Portuguese Empire in Asia, 1500–1700: A Political and Economic History

9207: 9190: 5975:'s military (MFA) and working class, and the cost and unpopularity of the 5449:

the Portuguese were able to implant a political stronghold in the region.

5241: 4854: 4830: 4687: 3360: 17477: 17355: 17340: 17312: 17148: 16614: 16599: 16448: 16161: 16070: 16060: 15986: 15634: 15629: 14825: 14815: 14574: 13950: 13430: 13407: 13394: 13140: 13004: 12910: 10383: 9217: 8648:"The Presence of the "Portugals" in Macau and Japan in Richard Hakluyt's 5622: 5438: 5397: 5333:

The leaders of the plot were three prominent priests from the village of

5261: 4620: 4596: 4034: 3949: 3915: 3808: 3687: 3560: 3406: 3356: 3118: 3103: 3026:

in 1249, but its independence continued to be threatened by neighbouring

3010: 2771: 2759: 2708: 1014: 14294: 12456: 9832: 9635:

Paradigm Shift in Language Planning and Policy: Game-Theoretic Solutions

8251:. trans. by Arthur Irakel. Oxford University Press. pp. 35, 38–40. 5669: 4727: 3941:

in 1510 was soon countered by the Bijapuris, but with the help of Hindu

3844: 3473:

between the Portuguese and the Spanish along a north–south meridian 370

3244: 17240: 16641: 16458: 16332: 16292: 16225: 14860: 14850: 14218: 14192: 13794: 13744: 13084: 13044: 12667: 12599: 11652: 9497: 9155:

Ramasamy, SM.; Kumanan, C.J.; Sivakumar, R.; et al., eds. (2006).

6032: 5894:

In the 20th century, Portugal no longer called itself an empire, but a

5861: 5845: 5526: 5381: 5153: 4795: 4787: 4783: 4659: 4419: 4033:. The Portuguese eventually based their center of operations along the 4026: 4018: 3983:(along with Ferdinand Magellan) to explore the Indonesian archipelago. 3923: 3737: 3607: 3603: 3417:, suggesting that a sea route to the Indies would soon be forthcoming. 3368: 3277: 3210: 3019: 2907: 1852: 1096: 816: 677: 12467: 11280:

Family and Frontier in Colonial Brazil: Santana de Parnaíba, 1580–1822

11152:

Historic Cities of the Americas: An Illustrated Encyclopedia, Volume 1

4591:, and other traders arrived in Japan for the first time. According to 3906:

In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Portuguese Empire of the East, or

3401:

on the coast of Africa, proving false the view that had existed since

17287: 16531: 16302: 16186: 16156: 15937: 15811: 15602: 14855: 14835: 14830: 14679: 13453: 13263: 12317: 12291: 12219: 11971:

White, Paula (2005). Bowman, John Stewart; Isserman, Maurice (eds.).

11036:

Early Latin America: A History of Colonial Spanish America and Brazil

10251:

The Dynamics of Global Dominance, European Overseas Empires 1415–1980

5930:, who had taken power in 1933. Salazar rebuffed a request in 1950 by 5731: 5490: 5442: 4862: 4841:. Subsequently, the French would resettle in Portuguese territory at 4667: 4120: 4067: 3942: 3919: 3741: 3675: 3551: 3543: 3478: 3462: 3432: 3382: 3284: 3202: 3184:

began exploring the Indian Ocean. In 1487, an overland expedition by

2770:, with the aim of finding a sea route to the source of the lucrative 1056: 1051: 17016: 14755: 12103: 10496:

The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism: 1870–1920

10022:"Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database: Sorting Citrus Names" 9769:"The Geographical Oddity of Fortaleza de Sao Joao Baptista de Ajuda" 7491:

Hong Kong & Macau by Jules Brown Rough Guides, 2002. p. 195

5902: 4355:

at the head of the Persian Gulf, establishing it as a vassal state.

3421: 2848:

in the 1820s. By then, the colonial possessions had been reduced to

2744: 17497: 17292: 15932: 15715: 15673: 15612: 15057: 14840: 14820: 14786: 13940: 13687: 13550: 13527: 13504: 13351: 13315: 12935: 12566: 12330: 12098:"Repression of Buddhism in Sri Lanka by the Portuguese (1505–1658)" 12082: 9881: 9868: 9043:

https://goemkarponn.com/cm-places-wreath-at-pintos-revolt-memorial/

5918: 5838: 5766: 5723: 5376:

Coat of Arms of the Pintos, awarded by the King of Portugal in 1770

5366: 5339: 5334: 5327: 4858: 4838: 4604: 4544: 4539: 4465: 4126: 4108: 4096: 4072: 3999: 3671: 3481:, the exact boundary was disputed by the two countries until 1777. 3469:

in 1494, which divided the world outside of Europe in an exclusive

3414: 3328: 3257: 3230: 3165: 2942:

by Indonesia. Decolonization prompted the exodus of nearly all the

2877: 2802: 981: 145: 139: 14205: 4909:

Iberian Union, Protestant rivalry, and colonial stasis (1580–1663)

4192: 4092: 3807:

and explorations: first arrival places and dates; main Portuguese

17367: 17178: 15845: 15774: 15730: 15585: 13888: 13817: 13774: 13651: 13384: 13278: 12981: 12930: 12710: 12641: 12589: 12536: 12232: 12076: 11856:

The Slave Trade: The Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade: 1440–1870

9972: 9948: 8810: 8682: 6397: 6242: 6164: 6121: 5817: 5801: 5753:

in Lisbon by two Portuguese republican activist revolutionaries,

5506: 5498: 5457: 5407: 5352: 5063: 4970: 4763: 4435: 4431: 4430:. It also regulated the trade of Gujarati ships departing to the 4395: 4372: 4317: 4309: 3964: 3725: 3721: 3651: 3588: 3547: 3470: 3402: 3372: 3300: 3296: 3234: 3225: 3126: 3100: 3043: 3023: 2977:(CPLP) is the cultural successor of the Empire, analogous to the 2903: 2767: 15646: 11684:

The First Imperial Age, European Overseas Expansion c. 1400–1715

11623:

Viagem ao fundo das consciências: a escravatura na época moderna

10972:

Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume I: The Century of Discovery

10781:

Africa's Legacies Of Urbanization: Unfolding Saga of a Continent

10671:

Islands and Empires: Western Impact on the Pacific and East Asia

10475:

The Missionary Strategies of the Jesuits in Ethiopia (1555–1632)

7700:

Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p. 37

6218:. Related names can be found in other languages, such as Arabic 6178:

the fruit has been named after them. Some examples are Albanian

4227:

Portuguese operations in Asia did not go unnoticed, and in 1521

4215:. A significant portion of the crews on Portuguese ships on the 3121:

and perhaps to join forces with the fabled Christian kingdom of

15678: 15553: 13902: 13677: 13371: 13204: 13183: 13034: 12939: 12900: 12890: 12688: 12630: 12490: 12423: 12356: 12278: 8728:

The Voyage of John Huyghen van Linschoten to the East Indies...

6117: 5960: 5857: 5834: 5493:

created there functioned under a centralized administration in

5344: 5278: 5068: 4993: 4786:

and São Vicente, prospered. Both were dedicated to the crop of

4423: 4399: 4376: 4348: 4244: 4181: 4177: 4152: 4123: 3945: 3765: 3679: 3667: 3655: 3639: 3631: 3623: 3619: 3611: 3569: 3332: 3288: 3261: 3130: 2791: 1071: 95: 86:

Areas of the world that were once part of the Portuguese Empire

12817: 11110:

Maritime India: Trade, Religion and Polity in the Indian Ocean

10810:

A History of Latin America: From the Beginnings to the Present

10590:

Inhuman Bondage: The Rise And Fall of Slavery in the New World

10054:

The Europeans: A Geography of People, Culture, and Environment

8948:, vol. 4, pp. 254–255. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons 1996. 8783:

Bowen, H. V.; Lincoln, Margarette; Rigby, Nigel, eds. (2002).

6155:

Canada, the US and Venezuela. In addition, there are numerous

5521:

attempted to achieve the same objective in 1789. However, the

4239:, since there was no set limit to the east. The expedition of 16312: 14845: 14335: 13784: 13420: 13341: 13291: 13170: 13064: 13054: 12971: 12951: 12867: 12857: 12783: 12609: 12477: 12173: 9154: 8051:

American History from a Global Perspective: An Interpretation

6374: 6028: 5964: 5727: 5706:

were among the first Europeans to cross Africa west to east.

5678: 5362: 5291: 4850: 4746: 4427: 4352: 4146: 3733: 3531: 3260:

trade post overseas was established in 1445 on the island of

3067: 2758:

would eventually expand across the globe. In the wake of the

2740: 886: 858: 565: 9004:

History of the Konkan by Alexander Kyd Nairne pp. 84–85

5710:

British Ultimatum and end of Portuguese monarchy (1890–1910)

4711:

reported French raids on the Brazilian coasts, and explorer

4111:

in 1548 where several Portuguese were captured and near the

2926:

in Africa lasted from 1961 until the final overthrow of the

13014: 8537: 8535: 6831: 5714: 5200: 4738:, in 1532. Sousa returned to Lisbon a year later to become 4552:, to the point of installing client kings upon its throne. 4356: 3827:, depicting a Portuguese nobleman with his retinue in India 3149: 15522: 13842:. In 2002, East Timor's independence was fully recognized. 10951:

South East Asia, Colonial History: Imperialism before 1800

10885:

Juang, Richard M.; Morrissette, Noelle Anne, eds. (2008).

9249: 8961:, vol. 5, p. 2. New York: Charles A. Scribner's Sons 1996. 8957:

Francis A. Dutra, "Salvador Correia de Sá e Benavides" in

5481:

Plan of the city of S. Sebastião (Rio de Janeiro) in 1820.

5411:

Provinces of the Portuguese Empire in the Americas by 1817

13245: 8724: 7970:

Technology in World Civilization: A Thousand-year History

7764:

A Military History of the Ottomans: From Osman to Atatürk

7554:

p. 343–344, Denis Crispin Twitchett, John King Fairbank,

7432:

The Grove Encyclopedia of Materials and Techniques in Art

6355: 5943: 5319: 5314: 5117:, showing the main street of Portuguese Goa in the 1580s. 4726:

The increase in brazilwood smuggling from the French led

2750:

The Portuguese Empire originated at the beginning of the

11217:

History of the Portuguese Navigation in India, 1497–1600

11014:

Paula Rego's Map of Memory: National and Sexual Politics

10806:

Herring, Hubert Clinton; Herring, Helen Baldwin (1968).

8532: 8296: 8070: 5689:

in the 19th century, Portugal had lost its territory in

5297:

After the Portuguese were defeated by the Indian rulers

5020:

The Recovery of São Salvador da Bahia de Todos os Santos

4719:

along the North American coast directly violated of the

3496: 10515:

Conquerors: How Portugal Forged the First Global Empire

10412:

Portuguese Trade in Asia Under the Habsburgs, 1580–1640

9189:

Costa, Leonor Freire; Palma, Nuno; Reis, Jaime (2015).

7935: 7899: 6987: 6442:

Persecution of Jews and Muslims by Manuel I of Portugal

5909:

sought the preservation of a pluricontinental Portugal.

4626: 4258: 4021:

in 1526, naming it the "Island of the Papua". In 1517,

3192: 7887: 7377:

Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John King (1978).

6147:. Together with Portugal, they are now members of the 5472: 4790:, and the settlers managed to maintain alliances with 3914:

By the end of 1509, Albuquerque became viceroy of the

3670:(modern Sri Lanka), where he discovered the source of 11975:

Exploration in the World of the Middle Ages, 500–1500

11926:

Pidgins, Creoles and Mixed Languages: An Introduction

11371:

History of Portugal: From Lusitania to Empire; Vol. 1

11328:

A History of Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1668

11259:

Go-Betweens and the Colonization of Brazil: 1500–1600

9638:. Boston/Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, Inc. p. 98. 9102: 9100: 9075: 9073: 8426: 8424: 7947: 7916: 7914: 7720: 7718: 7241: 6268:, literally "(the) Portuguese (one)", in contrast to 6003:), creating over a million Portuguese refugees – the 5387: 4595:, who claimed to be in this journey, they arrived at 3845:

Trade with Maritime Asia, Africa and the Indian Ocean

3280:

Islands were discovered in 1456 and settled in 1462.

3233:, advancing at an average rate of one degree a year. 13859: 11453:

Page, Melvin E.; Sonnenburg, Penny M., eds. (2003).

10343:

Bethencourt, Francisco; Curto, Diogo Ramada (2007).

10230:

Portuguese Colonial Cities in the Early Modern World

9408: 8344: 8202: 8143:

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8134: 8132: 8130: 7730: 7105: 7103: 6338:

Main sea explorations, routes and areas of influence

4885:

period, Manuel de Nóbrega, along with fellow Jesuit

14958:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

14670:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

11946:

Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910–1926

11767: 11366: 10829:Heywood, Linda M.; Thornton, John K., eds. (2007). 10561:

The North Atlantic World in the Seventeenth Century

10083:"ONU: Petição para tornar português língua oficial" 10044: 9282: 9225: 9112: 8944:Francis A. Dutra. "Overseas Council (Portugal)" in 8290: 8278: 8184: 7405:

China and Europe Since 1978: A European Perspective

7115: 7088: 7064: 7028: 6939: 6891: 6783: 6432:

List of topics on the Portuguese Empire in the East

5833:) of territories gained during the war, except for 5604:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

5559:

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves

4853:to report the French intrusion, Joao III appointed 14705:List of titles and honours of the Portuguese Crown 11972: 11853: 11725: 11705:MIGRAÇÃO SOB CONTRATO: A OPINIÃO DE EÇA DE QUEIROZ 11619: 11576:Priolkar, A.K. The Goa Inquisition (Bombay, 1961). 11511: 11368: 11299: 11192: 11033: 10807: 10668: 10558: 10387: 10365:War in the World: A Comparative History, 1450–1600 10178:Appiah, Anthony; Gates, Henry Louis, eds. (2010). 9977: 9787: 9461: 9237: 9097: 9070: 8959:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 8946:Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture 8744: 8600: 8598: 8421: 8163: 8106: 7967: 7911: 7877: 7875: 7715: 7641: 7575: 7556:The Cambridge history of China, Volume 2; Volume 8 7231: 7229: 6710: 6513: 6064:the agreement between the United Kingdom and China 4662:in 1497 and 1498). To that end, in 1499 and 1500, 3871: 10050: 8977:. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 180. 8782: 8776: 8382: 8380: 8272: 8180: 8178: 8127: 7851: 7703: 7376: 7298: 7180: 7178: 7127: 7100: 6608: 6606: 4806:as first governor and selecting a capital at the 4775:India and senior officials of the court, such as 4508:The Portuguese also made direct contact with the 4505:in 1543, the joint Adal-Ottoman force retreated. 2850:forts and plantations along the African coastline 1514: 17597: 14725:Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza (current pretender) 14638:Project for the Royal Palace in Campo de Ourique 14631:Juvarra's Project for the Royal Palace in Lisbon 12001:The Rise of Portuguese Power in India, 1497–1550 10884: 10342: 10199:Arnold, James R.; Wiener, Roberta, eds. (2012). 10051:Ostergren, Robert C.; Le Bossé, Mathias (2011). 9835:. Government Printing Bureau (Macao SAR). 1987. 8725:Burnell, Arthur Coke; et al., eds. (1885), 8541: 8508: 8457: 8308: 8302: 8226: 8082: 8076: 7034: 6897: 6789: 6519: 6489: 4678:explored what is today the Canadian province of 4029:, and by 1528, the Portuguese had established a 3287:in Madeira started in 1455, using advisers from 2731:in European history, lasting 584 years from the 2702: 2692: 39: 17686:1999 disestablishments in the Portuguese Empire 14279:Theory of the Portuguese discovery of Australia 14269:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 13980: 11238:Advanced Study in the History of Medieval India 10828: 10611:Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415–1580 10429: 9709:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History 9686: 9684: 9333: 9303: 9270: 9136: 9124: 8860: 8835: 8595: 8248:Chapters of Brazil's Colonial History 1500–1800 8214: 8094: 8005: 7941: 7905: 7872: 7760: 7226: 7151: 6915: 6903: 6819: 6734: 6537: 5083:a large Portuguese carrack off the Azores, the 4782:Of the fifteen original captaincies, only two, 4199:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 4193:Spice Islands (Moluccas) and Treaty of Zaragoza 3867:Portuguese Empire in the Indonesian Archipelago 3427: 3397:rounded the southern tip of Africa and reached 3308:would propel the investment in future travels. 678:Parts of the Viceroyalty of the Rio de la Plata 11452: 11345: 11195:Spain and Portugal in the New World, 1492–1700 10805: 9874: 9188: 8707: 8486: 8484: 8445: 8392: 8377: 8284: 8190: 8175: 8151: 8138: 8112: 7709: 7175: 7139: 7052: 6879: 6807: 6667: 6618: 6603: 6525: 6495: 6143:Eight of the former colonies of Portugal have 4468:unload cargo in Lisbon. Original engraving by 4099:. In 1521, the Portuguese lost 2 ships at the 3823:16th century Portuguese illustration from the 3503:Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India 3440:meridian divided the world between the crowns 2507:Banda Oriental and Rio Grande do Sul (1762–63) 17696:States and territories disestablished in 1999 17032: 15538: 14771: 14321: 12119: 11393:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 11106: 10608:Diffie, Bailey W.; Winius, George D. (1977). 10430:Chesworth, John; Thomas, David, eds. (2015). 10016: 10014: 9908:"Cataloging Policy and Support Office: Macau" 9467: 9449: 9439: 9437: 9435: 9148: 8882:Historical Dictionary of European Imperialism 7736: 7304: 7253: 6039:. However, East Timor was almost immediately 6011:, as Indian territories. Benin's claims over 5867: 5761:. Luís Filipe's brother, Manuel, became King 5722:The project to connect the two colonies, the 5571:sought the disbandment of the United Kingdom. 4387:became a strategic port, and there was built 3315:granted the monopoly of trade in part of the 3095:European enclaves in North Africa before 1830 1500: 1466: 17681:1415 establishments in the Portuguese Empire 16995:"Empire" as a description of foreign policy 11830: 11659: 11640: 11438:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc. 11349:Port Cities of Atlantic Iberia, c. 1500–1900 10930:The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters 10697:Portugal: A Twentieth Century Interpretation 10607: 10198: 10109: 9793: 9681: 8571: 8547: 8411: 8409: 8407: 8350: 8320: 8238: 8232: 8088: 7682: 7527:"'Portugal's Discovery in China' on Display" 7163: 7157: 7133: 7121: 7094: 7070: 7040: 6993: 6945: 6921: 6909: 6837: 6825: 6740: 6716: 6673: 6624: 6612: 6531: 5226: 4849:. While a Portuguese ambassador was sent to 12012:Choque Luso No Japão Dos Séculos XVI e XVII 10926: 10714: 10177: 10116: 10085:. Diario.iol.pt. 2005-11-17. Archived from 9538: 9374: 9142: 9085: 8964: 8496: 8481: 8332: 8053:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 314. 7629: 7619: 7617: 7615: 7462:. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 12. 7449: 7402:Edmonds, Richard L., ed. (September 2002). 7395: 7381:. Cambridge University Press. p. 336. 7277: 7265: 7076: 7046: 7007:"Thangasseri, Kollam, Dutch Quilon, Kerala" 6975: 6963: 6813: 6722: 5632: 5361:This was the first anti-colonial revolt in 4817:Tomé de Sousa built the capital of Brazil, 4160:, during the golden age of colonization of 3927:and Gujarat, as well as its prominence for 3704:exemplified the might and the force of the 3515:Indian Ocean trade § Portuguese period 3413:, traveling secretly overland, had reached 3078: 2988: 17691:States and territories established in 1415 17039: 17025: 15545: 15531: 14778: 14764: 14328: 14314: 12126: 12112: 11923: 11750:Goa-Kanara Portuguese Relations, 1498–1763 11518:. University of California Press. p. 11131:The Atlantic World and Virginia, 1550–1624 10715:Gann, Louis Henry; Duignan, Peter (1972). 10537: 10011: 9625: 9476:(3). Cambridge University Press: 620–629. 9432: 9420: 9345: 8583: 8559: 8023: 7959: 7214: 7190: 6867: 6843: 6759: 6690:harvnb error: no target: CITEREFDaus1983 ( 6630: 6554: 6552: 6296:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 6149:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 6124:(the latter administering the uninhabited 6099:Community of Portuguese Language Countries 5608:Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves 5555:Transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil 5485:Unlike Spain, Portugal did not divide its 4750:A map from 1574 showing the 15 hereditary 4207:Portugal was the first European nation to 3682:initially resisted contact with them, the 3158: Covilhã's travel 1489–†1490 (orange) 2975:Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries 1507: 1493: 1473: 1459: 80: 13601: 12008: 11809: 11747:Shastry, Bhagamandala Seetharama (2000). 11598: 11190: 11064: 10735: 10693: 10675:. University of Minnesota Press. p. 9216: 9206: 9058: 9007: 8974:Early Modern Spain: A Documentary History 8736: 8520: 8502: 8469: 8404: 8356: 7920: 7857: 7808: 7806: 7761:Uyar, Mesut; J. Erickson, Edward (2003). 7742: 7408:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. 7334: 7247: 7082: 6981: 6969: 6885: 6728: 6569: 6567: 5544: 5273:was among the most powerful in the world. 4615:missionaries, followed the Portuguese to 4555: 4489:in 1529, and Islam spread further in the 2993: 2934:of April 1974 in Lisbon led to the hasty 2910:was normally exempt. In August 1961, the 12100:, Australian Centre for Sri Lankan Unity 11997: 11881: 11788: 11723: 11579: 11484: 11031: 10947: 10408: 10390:The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415–1825 10345:Portuguese Overseas Expansion, 1400–1800 10300: 10279: 10104: 9702: 9690: 8689: 8577: 8553: 8514: 8490: 8463: 8326: 8314: 8244: 8048: 7893: 7666:Continuum International Publishing Group 7635: 7612: 7422: 7235: 7220: 7202: 7196: 6873: 6855: 6849: 6795: 6642: 6636: 6501: 6280:official languages of the United Nations 6085: 5901: 5889: 5713: 5668: 5665:Campaigns of Pacification and Occupation 5574: 5562: 5476: 5406: 5371: 5260: 5240: 5143: 5097: 5051: 5014: 4936: 4745: 4641: 4559: 4459: 4322: 4308: 4235:, claiming they were in his zone of the 4202: 4151: 4066: 3985: 3901: 3889: 3747: 3712:A Portuguese fleet under the command of 3693: 3574: 3522: 3431: 3381: 3243: 3135: 3049: 2682: 17646:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 16819: 14513:House of Braganza-Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 14264:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 12092:Forts of the Spice Islands of Indonesia 11942: 11746: 11701: 11557: 11509: 11276: 11255: 11127: 11085: 10861:Jesus, Carlos Augusto Montalto (1902). 10777: 10756: 10647: 10628: 10492: 10321: 10226: 10202:Cold War: The Essential Reference Guide 9766: 9544: 9455: 9426: 9339: 9309: 9288: 9276: 9255: 9243: 9231: 9130: 9118: 9106: 9091: 9079: 8911: 8866: 8841: 8816: 8714:(in Dutch), Amsterdam: Cornelis Claesz. 8656:Bulletin of Portuguese/Japanese Studies 8604: 8338: 8100: 8028:. Oxford University Press. p. 14. 8011: 7953: 7881: 7724: 7647: 7455: 7435:. Oxford University Press. p. 37. 7401: 7184: 7169: 7145: 7109: 7058: 6927: 6771: 6765: 6698: 6591: 6549: 6507: 6031:, South Africa, and the United States. 5452:In 1755 Lisbon suffered a catastrophic 5041:against Spain since 1568. In 1581, the 4633:Portuguese colonization of the Americas 4623:to Asia and Africa with mixed success. 4394:In 1534, Gujarat faced attack from the 3583:Profiting from the rivalry between the 3268:pushed on almost as far as present-day 14: 17598: 12396: 11902: 11851: 11324: 11297: 11213: 11169: 11148: 11134:. University of North Carolina Press. 11010: 10450: 9443: 9414: 9387:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 59–61. 9380: 8970: 8621:. The Newberry Library. Archived from 8589: 8565: 8451: 8430: 8415: 8398: 8386: 8220: 8208: 8196: 8169: 8157: 7803: 7748: 7600: 7504:. Algarvedailynews.com. Archived from 7340: 7259: 6861: 6754:Os Descobrimentos e a Economia Mundial 6679: 6662:The World since 1500: a Global history 6648: 6597: 6564: 6558: 6543: 5221:including capturing Fort Jesus in 1698 4587:. At the same time Francisco Zeimoto, 4579:arrived in Goa at the service of King 4107:. The Portuguese also lost 2 ships at 3839:16th century heavy Portuguese carrack. 3546:, the capital of the kingdom ruled by 17046: 17020: 15526: 14785: 14759: 14309: 14293: 13979: 13858: 13600: 13111: 12816: 12395: 12145: 12133: 12107: 11970: 11885:Warfare in Atlantic Africa, 1500–1800 11389: 11234: 10989: 10927:Kozák, Jan; Cermák, Vladimir (2007). 10905: 10860: 10666: 10583: 10471: 10382: 10361: 10156: 9717:10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.41 9705:"Decolonization in Portuguese Africa" 9631: 9618:Thomas, H.B., "The Kionga Triangle", 9351: 9064: 9013: 8878: 8616: 8526: 8475: 8362: 7965: 7659: 7623: 7606: 7208: 6933: 6801: 6777: 6704: 6573: 6145:Portuguese as their official language 4599:, where the locals were impressed by 4455: 4316:, one of the best-preserved forts in 3963:In April 1511, Albuquerque sailed to 3497:The Portuguese enter the Indian Ocean 2754:, and the power and influence of the 1488: 14392:Portuguese succession crisis of 1580 13989: 13868: 13610: 13121: 12826: 12786:) and small temporary coastal bases. 12405: 12155: 11768:de Silva Jayasuriya, Shihan (2008). 11582:A History of Indonesia since c. 1300 11306:. Indiana University Press. p. 10968: 10879:Carlos Augusto Montalto Jesus Macao. 10135: 9767:Travels, Geographic (July 8, 2012). 9703:Oliveira, Pedro Aires (2017-05-24). 9556: 8786:The Worlds of the East India Company 8742: 8695: 8642: 8619:"Early Modern Ship-types, 1450–1650" 7585:. Smithsonianmag.com. Archived from 7565:, Cambridge University Press, 1978, 7428: 7283: 6756:, Arcádia, 1965, Vol 1 and 2, Lisboa 6685: 6159:, including the one utilized by the 5369:subjects in all European colonies. 4627:Colonization efforts in the Americas 4493:. Portugal responded by aiding king 4259:South Asia, Persian Gulf and Red Sea 3894:Second Portuguese governor of India 3568:, the Portuguese Empire created the 3193:Initial African coastline excursions 3062:and initiated the Portuguese Empire. 17716:Historical transcontinental empires 17554:History of the Mediterranean region 14745:His Most Faithful Majesty's Council 14295:Articles and topics related to the 11789:de Souza, Teotonio R., ed. (1990). 11584:(2nd ed.). London: MacMillan. 11431: 11410: 11214:Mathew, Kuzhippalli Skaria (1988). 9195:European Review of Economic History 9161:. New India Publishing. p. 8. 8857:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2009), p. 240. 8847: 8789:. Boydell & Brewer. p. 2. 8708:Van Linschoten, Jan Huygen (1596), 7688: 7347:. Aleph Book Company. p. 225. 7305:Quanchi, Max; Robson, John (2005). 7271: 6049:United Nations-sponsored referendum 6015:were accepted by Portugal in 1974. 5783:East African Campaign (World War I) 5473:Pombaline and post-Pombaline Brazil 5456:, which together with a subsequent 5215:, one of the most important of the 4967:Portuguese attack on Alcácer Quibir 4690:rights to the inner islands of the 4571:for a missionary expedition in Asia 4115:. In 1549 two Portuguese junks and 4071:The Portuguese visited the city of 3461:'s 1492 discovery for Spain of the 2981:for countries formerly part of the 2940:1975 annexation of Portuguese Timor 2936:decolonization of Portuguese Africa 2898:, the regime renamed its colonies " 24: 17676:1999 disestablishments in Portugal 14730:Family tree of Portuguese monarchs 14254:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 11998:Whiteway, Richard Stephen (1899). 11732:. University of California Press. 11681:Scammell, Geoffrey Vaughn (1997). 11666:. Johns Hopkins University Press. 11647:. University of California Press. 11620:do Rosário Pimente, Maria (1995). 11367:de Oliveira Marques, A.H. (1972). 11071:. Educa Books, Facsimile edition. 10304:A History of Latin America to 1825 9813:from the original on 26 April 2023 8819:, pp. 73–74, 168–171, 226–231 8711:Itinerario, Voyage ofte Schipvaert 8245:de Abreu, João Capistrano (1998). 7311:. Scarecrow Press. p. xliii. 6422:Evolution of the Portuguese Empire 6101:(CPLP) serves as the cultural and 6009:invaded by India's military forces 5882:Transfer of sovereignty over Macau 5612:Cortes Constitucionais Portuguesas 5388:Minas Gerais and the gold industry 4646:The Portuguese mapped and claimed 4044: 3740:was partly explored by Cunha, and 3732:in 1507. Having failed to conquer 2916:Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá 2764:Portuguese sailors began exploring 2737:transfer of sovereignty over Macau 2727:. It was one of the longest-lived 929:Fort of São João Baptista de Ajudá 25: 17727: 17636:Portuguese colonisation in Africa 14740:Style of the Portuguese sovereign 14715:Pantheon of the House of Braganza 12678:São João Baptista de Ajudá, Benin 12077:Dutch Portuguese Colonial History 12031: 11949:. University of Wisconsin Press. 11435:Historical Dictionary of Malaysia 11199:. University of Minnesota Press. 10614:. University of Minnesota Press. 10325:The Independence of Latin America 10247: 9920:from the original on 28 June 2022 9888:from the original on 27 June 2022 9775:from the original on May 29, 2023 9751:Dismantling the Portuguese Empire 9579:. Newforestexplorersguide.co.uk. 8879:Olson, James Stuart, ed. (1991). 6585: 6157:Portuguese-based creole languages 6138:Indonesian invasion of East Timor 6056:Sino-Portuguese Joint Declaration 5742:and the Pink Map came to an end. 4943:Luso-Hispanic (or Iberian) Empire 4694:and also created a settlement on 4343:. In 1515, Afonso de Albuquerque 4243:reached the Moluccas, docking at 4209:establish trade routes with Japan 3387:Portuguese possessions in Morocco 2920:India annexed Goa, Daman, and Diu 1212:Imperial decline, war, and revolt 496:Indigenous people of the Americas 27:Colonial empire between 1415–1999 17706:1999 disestablishments in Europe 17661:Early modern history of Portugal 17539:Bibliography of European history 17134:Fall of the Western Roman Empire 15056: 14475: 14417:Transfer of the Portuguese court 14397:War of the Portuguese Succession 14259:Portuguese colonial architecture 13860:North America and North Atlantic 12724:Portuguese São Tomé and Príncipe 12382: 12146: 11680: 11560:World History: A New Perspective 11241:. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. 11176:. University of Oklahoma Press. 10538:de Almeida, Miguel Vale (2004). 10280:Anderson, James Maxwell (2000). 10181:Encyclopedia of Africa, Volume 2 10075: 10032:from the original on 15 May 2013 10002: 9966: 9941: 9932: 9900: 9850: 9825: 9799: 9760: 9744: 9696: 9670: 9659: 9612: 9594: 9569: 9550: 9512: 9324: 9315: 9294: 9261: 9182: 9047: 9036: 9019: 8998: 8951: 8938: 8905: 8885:. Greenwood Press. p. 204. 8872: 8822: 8718: 8701: 8636: 8610: 8436: 8368: 8118: 8042: 8017: 7988: 7926: 7502:"Tne Portuguese in the Far East" 6957: 6412:Portuguese colonial architecture 6386: 6373:remains an official language in 6363: 6343: 6303: 6287: 5392:In 1693, gold was discovered at 4933:War of the Portuguese Succession 4472:, 1593, coloured at a later date 4367:in 1516. In 1521 a force led by 3832: 3816: 3797: 3691:threats from the Mamluk sultan. 3014:, the gradual reconquest of the 2707:), was composed of the overseas 1442: 1332:Processo Revolucionário Em Curso 1167:War of the Portuguese Succession 1013: 961: 947: 933: 919: 905: 891: 877: 863: 849: 835: 821: 807: 793: 779: 765: 751: 726: 712: 698: 684: 670: 656: 642: 628: 614: 600: 586: 572: 558: 544: 530: 516: 502: 488: 474: 64: 17671:1415 establishments in Portugal 17641:Portuguese colonisation in Asia 17631:History of European colonialism 17564:History of Western civilization 17167:Christianity in the Middle Ages 14948:History of Portugal (1777–1834) 14447:Municipal Library Elevator Coup 14249:Armorial of Portuguese colonies 12004:. Archibald Constable & Co. 11837:(2 ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. 11663:The Portuguese Empire 1415–1808 11536: 11473:from the original on 2023-01-11 10975:. University of Chicago Press. 10849:from the original on 2023-02-16 10721:. University Press of America. 10557:Davies, Kenneth Gordon (1974). 10268:from the original on 2023-07-03 9955:from the original on 2009-11-27 9882:"CPLP Histórico – Como surgiu?" 9839:from the original on 2011-07-20 9807:"East Timor: Birth of a nation" 9733:from the original on 2021-05-13 9676: 9665: 9622:Volume 31 1951, pp. 47–50. 9583:from the original on 2023-06-27 8912:Goodman, Grant K., ed. (1991). 8832:. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1957. 8674:from the original on 2023-03-30 7863: 7842: 7833: 7824: 7815: 7781: 7754: 7694: 7653: 7548: 7537:from the original on 2022-05-15 7519: 7494: 7485: 7476: 7370: 7361: 7325: 7289: 7017:from the original on 2014-05-14 6999: 6951: 6746: 6654: 6140:was not justified by Portugal. 5898:nation with overseas provinces. 5661:History of Portugal (1834–1910) 5351:families to be considered as a 5290:and in exchange Portugal ceded 5277:In 1661 the Portuguese offered 5237:History of Portugal (1777–1834) 5233:History of Portugal (1640–1777) 4893:, then established the city of 4485:defeated the Ethiopians in the 4156:A depiction, from 1639, of the 4006:on a diplomatic mission to the 3878:Adil Shahi–Portuguese conflicts 3872:Goa, Malacca and Southeast Asia 3337:War of the Castilian Succession 3109:, who had been involved in the 3085:History of Portugal (1415–1578) 3000:History of Portugal (1139–1415) 2735:in North Africa in 1415 to the 17408:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 17351:Christianity in the modern era 17122:Christianity in late antiquity 13112: 11979:. Facts on File, Inc. p. 11810:Stapleton, Timothy J. (2013). 11795:. Concept Publishing Company. 11543:. Cambridge University Press. 11489:. Cambridge University Press. 11092:. Cambridge University Press. 11040:. Cambridge University Press. 10835:. Cambridge University Press. 10802:(Bloomsbury Publishing, 2018). 10667:Dodge, Ernest Stanley (1976). 10652:. Cambridge University Press. 10633:. Cambridge University Press. 10556: 10347:. Cambridge University Press. 10328:. Cambridge University Press. 10286:. Greenwood Publishing Group. 10227:Brockey, Liam Matthew (2008). 10157:Ahmed, Farooqui Salma (2011). 8830:The Dutch in Brazil, 1624–1654 8374:Metcalf (2005), pp. 36–37 7379:The Cambridge History of China 6579: 5983:regime in 1974. Known as the " 5772: 5148:The Portuguese victory at the 4478:Ethiopian (Abyssinian) Kingdom 4273:Portuguese invasion of Bahrain 4137:which they named as Folangji ( 3638:, Kannur), built a factory at 3276:was reached in the 1460s. The 3066:In 1415 an attack was made on 2878:Portuguese ambitions in Africa 13: 1: 17701:1415 establishments in Europe 17559:History of the European Union 13279:Portuguese Paliacate outpost 11831:Subrahmanyam, Sanjay (2012). 11708:. Unesp- Ceru. Archived from 11660:Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1998). 11641:Russell-Wood, A.J.R. (1968). 11599:Rodriguez, Junius P. (2007). 11375:. Columbia University Press. 11283:. University of Texas Press. 11262:. University of Texas Press. 11011:Lisboa, Maria Manuel (2008). 10760:Japan and the Dutch 1600-1835 10567:University of Minnesota Press 10457:. Stanford University Press. 10451:Coates, Timothy Joel (2002). 10436:. Brill Academic Publishers. 10028:(www.search.unimelb.edu.au). 9559:"Ships hit during WWI: Dacia" 8915:Japan and the Dutch 1600-1853 7662:Interracial Intimacy in Japan 7341:Harris, Jonathan Gil (2015). 6477: 6174:in Europe, in several modern 6054:In 1987, Portugal signed the 5487:colonial territory in America 5420:(residents of São Paulo) and 5199:and the English in 1622, and 5045:gained independence from the 4965:'s death during a disastrous 4945:in 1598, during the reign of 4305:Gujarati-Portuguese conflicts 4143:Luso-Chinese agreement (1554) 3886:Acehnese-Portuguese conflicts 3701:Santa Catarina do Monte Sinai 1518:Portuguese colonial campaigns 14492:Portuguese House of Burgundy 14021:Captaincy Colonies of Brazil 13814: • 1938–1941 13791: • 1890–1999 13781: • 1851–1999 13771: • 1864–1999 13671: • 1578–1650 13658: • 1576–1605 13645: • 1522–1575 13570: • 1779–1954 13547: • 1687–1749 13484: • 1598–1610 13474: • 1579–1632 13450: • 1568–1659 13440: • 1559–1961 13427: • 1548–1658 13417: • 1540–1612 13404: • 1536–1662 13391: • 1535–1739 13368: • 1534–1661 13358: • 1534–1601 13348: • 1531–1571 13338: • 1531–1571 13322: • 1528–1666 13312: • 1523–1662 13288: • 1521–1740 13275: • 1518–1619 13242: • 1510–1961 13229: • 1507–1657 13216: • 1502–1661 13194: • 1502–1658 13180: • 1501–1663 13167: • 1500–1663 12062:Resources in other libraries 11943:Wheeler, Douglas L. (1998). 11813:A Military History of Africa 11724:Schwartz, Stuart B. (1973). 11390:Olson, James Stuart (1991). 11346:O'Flanagan, Patrick (2008). 11107:Malekandathil, Pius (2010). 11065:Macmillan, Allister (2000). 10736:Gipouloux, François (2011). 10117:Abeyasinghe, Tikiri (1986). 9620:Tanganyika Notes and Records 9352:Angus, William, ed. (1837). 8542:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8303:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8077:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 8024:C. Bloomer, Kristin (2018). 7800:(Volume 6, Chapter 3, eText) 7035:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6898:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6790:Bethencourt & Curto 2007 6520:Juang & Morrissette 2008 6482: 6323:Areas of influence and trade 6066:two years earlier regarding 5973:Movimento das Forças Armadas 5837:, a port city in modern-day 5738:was reluctantly accepted by 4949:, King of Portugal and Spain 4752:captaincy colonies of Brazil 4713:Binot Paulmier de Gonneville 3776:, resulting in the death of 3752:First viceroy of India, Dom 3428:Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) 2950:from the colonies. Portugal 2944:Portuguese colonial settlers 2918:, and in December that year 2852:(expanded inland during the 2684:[ĩˈpɛ.ɾjupuɾ.tuˈɣeʃ] 1294:Portugal during World War II 1122:Portuguese House of Burgundy 1092:Umayyad conquest of Hispania 7: 17518:Russian invasion of Ukraine 17129:Crisis of the Third Century 15552: 13981:South America and Caribbean 11924:Velupillai, Viveka (2015). 11325:Newitt, Malyn D.D. (2005). 11298:Newitt, Malyn D.D. (1995). 11235:Mehta, Jaswant Lal (1980). 10593:. Oxford University Press. 10233:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 10184:. Oxford University Press. 10163:. Pearson Education India. 10119:Jaffna Under the Portuguese 9857:Macau and the end of empire 9258:, pp. 277–279, 283–284 8855:The Persian Gulf in History 7942:Heywood & Thornton 2007 7906:Heywood & Thornton 2007 6405: 6091:Monument of the Discoveries 5928:António de Oliveira Salazar 5907:António de Oliveira Salazar 5787:Portugal during World War I 5195:by a joint alliance of the 5150:Second Battle of Guararapes 4877:with the assistance of the 4575:In 1542, Jesuit missionary 3519:Portuguese presence in Asia 3178:'s travel 1497–1499 (black) 2887:(in office 1932–1968), the 2856:in the late 19th century), 2815:seized the Portuguese crown 1262:Portugal during World War I 873:Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli 375:End of Moroccan territories 10: 17732: 17711:2nd millennium in Portugal 17666:Modern history of Portugal 17606:Bahrain–Portugal relations 17574:Military history of Europe 17569:Maritime history of Europe 14422:Liberal Revolution of 1820 14412:Portuguese Restoration War 14129:Nova Colónia do Sacramento 13208:(Coulão / Kollam) 12279:Santa Cruz do Cabo de Gué 12072:Portuguese Empire Timeline 11882:Thornton, John K. (2000). 11485:Paquette, Gabriel (2014). 11277:Metcalf, Alida C. (2005). 11256:Metcalf, Alida C. (2006). 11128:Mancall, Peter C. (2007). 10948:Kratoska, Paul H. (2004). 10867:. Kelly & Walsh, ltd. 10757:Goodman, Grant K. (2000). 10121:. Lake House Investments. 9381:Levine, Robert M. (2003). 9330:Pequette, pp. 106–114 9033:(Baywolf Press) p. 35 9025:Portuguese Studies Review 8442:Metcalf (2005), p. 37 8139:Pickett & Pickett 2011 8124:Metcalf (2006), p. 60 8113:Herring & Herring 1968 7429:Ward, Gerald W.R. (2008). 7367:de Silva Jayasuriya, p. 87 7331:de Silva Jayasuriya, p. 86 6496:Page & Sonnenburg 2003 6013:São João Baptista de Ajudá 5993:Junta de Salvação Nacional 5871: 5868:Decolonization (1954–1999) 5776: 5654: 5636: 5616:Liberal Revolution of 1820 5548: 5251:Portuguese Restoration War 5230: 5123:Jan Huyghen van Linschoten 4930: 4927:Portuguese Restoration War 4912: 4630: 4499:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Ghazi 4262: 4196: 4135:breech-loading swivel guns 4051:Chinese people in Portugal 4048: 3935:The initial capture of Goa 3882:Malay-Portuguese conflicts 3875: 3848: 3770:Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghawri 3500: 3451: 3405:that the Indian Ocean was 3164: Covilhã's travel to 3144: Pêro da Covilhã and 3092: 3082: 2997: 2906:, from which only a small 2876:led to the contraction of 2704:Império Colonial Português 2699:Portuguese Colonial Empire 1042:Roman conquest of Hispania 362:Portuguese Restoration War 255:• 1834–1835 (first) 213:• 1911–1915 (first) 17544:Genetic history of Europe 17526: 17331: 17147: 17087: 17054: 16988: 16940: 16457: 15861: 15560: 15484: 15400: 15317: 15308: 15233: 15224: 15140: 15131: 15074: 15065: 15054: 15021: 14806: 14797: 14647: 14525: 14484: 14473: 14462:Royalist attack on Chaves 14457:5 October 1910 revolution 14344: 14303: 14244: 13986: 13975: 13865: 13854: 13607: 13596: 13330:(Porto Grande De Bengala) 13118: 13107: 12823: 12812: 12402: 12391: 12380: 12152: 12141: 12096:Senaka Weeraratna, 2005, 12057:Resources in your library 11537:Pearson, Michael (1987). 11510:Pearson, Michael (1976). 10912:. Yale University Press. 10254:. Yale University Press. 10248:Abernethy, David (2000). 10110:General and cited sources 9677:Pearson 1987, p. 160 9666:Pearson 1987, p. 158 9520:"Portugal enters the war" 9482:10.1017/s0018246x0000532x 8971:Cowans, Jon, ed. (2003). 8918:. Routledge. p. 13. 8747:The Epic of Latin America 8731:, London: Hakluyt Society 6250:southern Italian dialects 6105:successor of the Empire. 6081: 5779:German campaign in Angola 5227:Second empire (1663–1822) 5039:struggle for independence 4957:invaded Portugal after a 4702: 4680:Newfoundland and Labrador 4637: 4439:The two failed sieges of 4398:and the Rajput states of 4365:Lopo Soares de Albergaria 3197:Fears of what lay beyond 3030:until the signing of the 1526: 977: 453: 449: 436: 423: 410: 397: 384: 371: 358: 345: 332: 319: 306: 293: 289: 281: 277: 265: 253: 249: 239: 235: 225:• 1996–1999 (last) 223: 211: 207: 197: 193: 181: 171:• 1415–1433 (first) 169: 165: 155: 132: 117: 107: 91: 79: 61: 56: 34: 15258:Exclusive Economic Zone 15145:Administrative divisions 14387:Battle of Alcácer Quibir 12009:Yamashiro, José (1989). 11702:Scarano, Julita (2009). 11191:McAlister, Lyle (1984). 11032:Lockhart, James (1983). 10969:Lach, Donald F. (1994). 10778:Goodwin, Stefan (2008). 10493:Corrado, Jacopo (2008). 10472:Cohen, Leonardo (2009). 10409:Boyajian, James (2008). 10322:Bethell, Leslie (1985). 10301:Bakewell, Peter (2009). 10136:Abir, Mordechai (1980). 9794:Arnold & Wiener 2012 8291:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8279:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8233:Diffie & Winius 1977 8185:de Oliveira Marques 1972 8089:Diffie & Winius 1977 8049:J. Russo, David (2000). 7456:Gleason, Carrie (2007). 7158:Diffie & Winius 1977 7122:Diffie & Winius 1977 7095:Diffie & Winius 1977 7071:Diffie & Winius 1977 6994:Diffie & Winius 1977 6946:Diffie & Winius 1977 6922:Diffie & Winius 1977 6910:Diffie & Winius 1977 6838:Diffie & Winius 1977 6826:Diffie & Winius 1977 6741:Diffie & Winius 1977 6674:Diffie & Winius 1977 6625:Diffie & Winius 1977 6613:Diffie & Winius 1977 6532:Diffie & Winius 1977 6072:one country, two systems 5989:National Salvation Junta 5791:Battle of the Lys (1918) 5633:Third empire (1822–1999) 5598:in place of his mother, 5365:and one of the first by 5324:Conspiracy of the Pintos 5152:ended Dutch presence in 4845:, which would be called 4617:violently and forcefully 4031:settlement in Chittagong 3511:Portuguese India Armadas 3079:First empire (1415–1663) 2989:History and colonisation 2546:Banda Oriental (1816–20) 2524:Banda Oriental (1776–77) 2477:Banda Oriental (1735–37) 2250:Cape of Good Hope (1630) 1047:Romanization of Hispania 401:Loss of Indian provinces 267:• 1995–1999 (last) 183:• 1908–1910 (last) 17549:History of Christianity 14973:Constitutional monarchy 14735:Portuguese Crown Jewels 14160:Grão-Pará and Rio Negro 14079: • 1621–1815 14066: • 1578–1607 14053: • 1572–1578 14040: • 1572–1578 14027: • 1549–1572 14014: • 1534–1549 13381: • 1535 13253: • 1512–1525 12921:Julfar (Ras al-Khaimah) 11580:Ricklefs, M.C. (1991). 11562:. Chatto & Windus. 11558:Ponting, Clive (2000). 11540:The Portuguese in India 11302:A History of Mozambique 11220:. Mittal Publications. 11086:Mahoney, James (2010). 10694:Gallagher, Tom (1982). 10524:(Berghahn Books, 2020) 10478:. Harrassowitz Verlag. 10283:The History of Portugal 10026:University of Melbourne 9884:(in Portuguese). CPLP. 9143:Kozák & Cermák 2007 7830:Chesworth; Thomas p. 86 7660:Leupp, Gary P. (2003). 6996:, pp. 274, 320–323 6814:Gann & Duignan 1972 6394:Pillar of Vasco da Gama 6176:Indo-European languages 5977:Portuguese Colonial War 5874:Portuguese Colonial War 5806:Canadian Forestry Corps 5217:Portuguese–Safavid wars 4664:João Fernandes Lavrador 4410:was forced to sign the 4408:Bahadur Shah of Gujarat 4269:Capture of Ormuz (1507) 3789:Diogo Lopes de Sequeira 3724:at the entrance of the 3327:, and found a thriving 2979:Commonwealth of Nations 2924:Portuguese Colonial War 2904:system of forced labour 2813:(Philip I of Portugal) 2648:Guinea-Bissau (1963–74) 2180:Coromandel Coast (1619) 1338:Transition to democracy 1306:Portuguese Colonial War 1227:Constitutional Monarchy 1207:Great Lisbon earthquake 414:Portuguese Colonial War 260:Pedro de Sousa Holstein 17656:Portuguese Renaissance 17373:Grand Duchy of Tuscany 15276:Science and technology 14943:1761 Lisbon earthquake 14938:1755 Lisbon earthquake 14660:Kingdom of the Algarve 14620:Sintra National Palace 14442:31 January 1891 revolt 14382:Battle of Alfarrobeira 14336:Topics related to the 14150:Grão-Pará and Maranhão 13574:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 11860:. Simon and Schuster. 11753:. Concept Publishers. 11432:Ooi, Keat Gin (2009). 11411:Ooi, Keat Gin (2004). 11352:. Ashgate Publishing. 11170:Marley, David (2008). 11149:Marley, David (2005). 11017:. Ashgate Publishing. 10954:. Taylor and Francis. 10700:. St. Martin's Press. 10648:Disney, A.R. (2009b). 10629:Disney, A.R. (2009a). 10368:. Palgrave Macmillan. 10362:Black, Jeremy (2011). 9632:Koffi, Ettien (2012). 9577:"Portuguese Fireplace" 9470:The Historical Journal 8743:Crow, John A. (1992). 7966:Pacey, Arnold (1991). 6457:Portuguese Inquisition 6094: 5940:Dadra and Nagar Haveli 5910: 5899: 5736:1890 British Ultimatum 5719: 5682: 5590:invaded Portugal, and 5583: 5580:Brazilian independence 5572: 5551:Independence of Brazil 5545:Brazilian Independence 5482: 5470: 5412: 5377: 5294:to the Spanish crown. 5274: 5246: 5213:1625 Battle off Hormuz 5157: 5141:into the East Indies. 5118: 5057: 5030: 5024:Philip III of Portugal 4961:brought about by King 4950: 4754: 4732:Martim Afonso de Sousa 4651: 4650:in 1499 and the 1500s. 4572: 4556:Missionary expeditions 4487:battle of Shimbra Kure 4473: 4332: 4327:Persian portrait of a 4320: 4265:Persian–Portuguese war 4241:García Jofre de Loaísa 4224: 4164: 4076: 3995: 3911: 3899: 3805:Portuguese discoveries 3757: 3709: 3642:in 1503. In 1505 King 3580: 3535: 3487:ground-breaking voyage 3449: 3390: 3253: 3241:were reached in 1445. 3180: 3089:Portuguese discoveries 3063: 3058:, in 1415, was led by 2994:Background (1139–1415) 2902:" while retaining the 2874:1890 British Ultimatum 2846:independence of Brazil 2839:independence movements 2790:reached what would be 2703: 2693: 2675: 2561:Mozambique (1847–1910) 2185:Persian Gulf (1621–22) 2088:Indian Ocean (1586–89) 1858:Indian Ocean (1538–60) 1658:Persian Gulf (1507–15) 1623:Indian Ocean (1505–17) 1157:Portuguese Renaissance 845:East Timor (1975–1976) 388:Independence of Brazil 98:(1415–1808; 1821–1999) 40: 17453:Industrial Revolution 16965:Medieval great powers 14978:Republican Revolution 14923:Treaty of Tordesillas 14908:Portuguese golden age 14893:1383–1385 interregnum 14720:Most Faithful Majesty 14590:Rio de Janeiro Palace 14467:Monarchy of the North 14377:Battle of Aljubarrota 13840:invasion by Indonesia 13602:East Asia and Oceania 12774:São Tomé and Príncipe 12547:Portuguese Mozambique 12504:Portuguese Gold Coast 11903:Treece, Dave (2000). 11852:Thomas, Hugh (1997). 11068:Mauritius Illustrated 10906:Kamen, Henry (1999). 10520:Curto, Diogo Ramada. 10105:Explanatory footnotes 9557:Helgason, Guðmundur. 9384:The History of Brazil 9321:Pequette, p. 106 9300:Paquette, p. 104 8617:Smith, Roger (1986). 7821:Appiah; Gates, p. 130 6467:Portuguese Surinamese 6462:Portuguese inventions 6328:Claims of sovereignty 6089: 5950:, which were quickly 5932:Indian Prime Minister 5905: 5893: 5850:São Tomé and Príncipe 5827:Versailles Conference 5763:Manuel II of Portugal 5755:Alfredo Luís da Costa 5717: 5672: 5655:Further information: 5639:Portuguese Mozambique 5578: 5566: 5549:Further information: 5523:Inconfidência Mineira 5480: 5465: 5410: 5375: 5311:Keladi Nayaka Kingdom 5264: 5244: 5231:Further information: 5147: 5101: 5055: 5018: 4996:, which held out for 4963:Sebastian of Portugal 4940: 4749: 4721:Treaty of Tordesilhas 4684:João Álvares Fagundes 4656:Treaty of Tordesillas 4645: 4563: 4463: 4326: 4312: 4237:Treaty of Tordesillas 4206: 4155: 4070: 4025:commanded a fleet to 3989: 3905: 3896:Afonso de Albuquerque 3893: 3859:Portuguese Chittagong 3751: 3718:Afonso de Albuquerque 3697: 3658:, where they founded 3578: 3526: 3467:Treaty of Tordesillas 3454:Treaty of Tordesillas 3438:Treaty of Tordesillas 3435: 3385: 3325:São Tomé and Príncipe 3306:Bartolomeo Marchionni 3247: 3139: 3053: 2963:constitutional status 2687:), also known as the 2440:East Africa (1696–98) 1728:Sri Lanka (1520–1658) 1257:Monarchy of the North 831:São Tomé and Príncipe 108:Common languages 18:The Portuguese Empire 17508:European debt crisis 17503:European integration 17443:Age of Enlightenment 17283:Republic of Florence 16975:European colonialism 16960:Ancient great powers 15472:World Heritage Sites 15008:Carnation Revolution 14605:São Cristóvão Palace 14437:Portuguese Civil War 14352:Battle of São Mamede 10990:Ladle, Jane (2000). 10384:Boxer, Charles Ralph 9866:, 18 December 1999. 9358:. Glasgow. pp. 9267:Paquette, p. 67 9158:Geomatics in Tsunami 8644:Puga, Rogério Miguel 7839:Newitt (2004), p. 86 7459:The Biography of Tea 6452:Portuguese in Africa 6130:overseas territories 6041:invaded by Indonesia 5985:Carnation Revolution 5878:Carnation Revolution 5810:Portuguese Fireplace 5740:Carlos I of Portugal 5687:European colonialism 5400:and Goiás led to a " 5162:Dutch–Portuguese War 5103:Joannes van Doetecum 5075:In 1592, during the 4959:crisis of succession 4923:Dutch-Portuguese War 4692:Gulf of St. Lawrence 4585:Apostolic Nunciature 4581:John III of Portugal 4569:John III of Portugal 4527:Paulo Dias de Novais 4503:battle of Wayna Daga 4385:island of Mozambique 4101:Battle of Sincouwaan 3918:with the capital at 3762:Sultanate of Gujarat 3754:Francisco de Almeida 3648:Francisco de Almeida 3644:Manuel I of Portugal 3556:Pedro Álvares Cabral 3459:Christopher Columbus 3239:Cape Verde Peninsula 3152:in 1487–1488 (green) 2932:Carnation Revolution 2930:regime in 1974. The 2788:Pedro Álvares Cabral 2725:Republic of Portugal 2717:overseas territories 2680:European Portuguese: 2653:Mozambique (1964–74) 2618:Mozambique (1917-18) 2613:Mozambique (1917–18) 2598:East Timor (1911–12) 2536:French Guiana (1809) 2390:2nd Sri Lanka (1654) 2385:1st Sri Lanka (1654) 1808:Moluccas (1530–1607) 1326:Carnation Revolution 1177:Dutch-Portuguese War 706:Ahmednagar Sultanate 664:Sultanate of Bijapur 427:Carnation Revolution 349:Dutch-Portuguese War 17626:Kingdom of Portugal 17473:Revolutions of 1848 17403:Early modern France 17184:Anglo-Saxon England 17089:Classical antiquity 16970:Modern great powers 14883:Kingdom of Portugal 14877:Manifestis Probatum 14710:Council of Portugal 14700:Portuguese nobility 14675:Portuguese Monarchs 14655:Kingdom of Portugal 14585:Quinta da Boa Vista 14570:Necessidades Palace 14367:Manifestis Probatum 14338:Portuguese monarchy 12493:(São Jorge da Mina) 12344:São João da Mamora 12186:(El Qsar es Seghir) 11626:. Edições Colibri. 10784:. Lexington Books. 10307:. Wiley-Blackwell. 9985:"língua portuguesa" 9913:Library of Congress 9208:10.1093/ereh/heu019 8544:, pp. 111, 117 7650:, pp. 175, 184 7073:, pp. 233, 235 5700:Hermenegildo Capelo 5357:Portuguese nobility 5265:Portuguese warship 5139:chartered companies 5093:Cornelis de Houtman 5079:, an English fleet 5002:Catherine de Medici 4986:Viceroy of Portugal 4919:Council of Portugal 4810:, making it at the 4593:Fernão Mendes Pinto 4329:Portuguese nobleman 4063:Portuguese Nagasaki 4059:Slavery in Portugal 3958:Vijayanagara Empire 3664:Lourenço de Almeida 3377:Tropic of Capricorn 3148:'s common route to 3107:Henry the Navigator 3060:Henry the Navigator 3006:Kingdom of Portugal 2896:pluricontinentalism 2854:Scramble for Africa 2756:Kingdom of Portugal 2721:Kingdom of Portugal 2689:Portuguese Overseas 2225:Persian Gulf (1625) 2195:Persian Gulf (1622) 2165:Persian Gulf (1614) 2108:Sri Lanka (1587–88) 2093:Persian Gulf (1586) 1978:Sri Lanka (1557–58) 1968:Gulf of Oman (1554) 1953:Persian Gulf (1551) 1823:Persian Gulf (1534) 1803:Persian Gulf (1529) 1449:Portugal portal 747:Portuguese Republic 692:Maratha Confederacy 482:Kingdom of Portugal 17579:Crusading movement 17483:Russian Revolution 17318:Hundred Years' War 17214:Maritime republics 17117:Early Christianity 17107:Hellenistic period 17064:Paleolithic Europe 15286:Telecommunications 14963:Liberal Revolution 14866:County of Portugal 14625:Vila Viçosa Palace 14555:Citadel of Cascais 14407:Forty Conspirators 14206:Portuguese Guiana 14170:Maranhão and Piauí 13818:Lapa and Montanha 13629:Portuguese Malacca 13515:Portuguese Ceylon 13469:(Portuguese India) 13307:(Portuguese India) 12938: • 12397:Sub-Saharan Africa 11928:. John Benjamins. 11054:MacQueen, Norrie. 10585:Davis, David Brion 10542:. Berghahn Books. 10531:2022-03-06 at the 10008:Velupillai, p. 519 9862:2015-10-16 at the 9602:"Battle of La Lys" 9417:, pp. 335–336 9342:, pp. 177–178 9291:, pp. 296–297 9279:, pp. 163–164 9246:, pp. 288–289 9234:, pp. 298–302 9121:, pp. 273–275 9109:, pp. 267–268 9082:, pp. 268–269 8828:Charles R. Boxer, 8517:, pp. 104–105 8317:, pp. 190–191 8305:, pp. 111–119 8211:, pp. 694–696 8079:, pp. 262–265 7956:, pp. 208–211 7896:, pp. 100–101 7796:2006-10-14 at the 7787:D. João de Castro 7739:, pp. 116–118 7737:Malekandathil 2010 7561:2022-12-13 at the 7344:The First Firangis 7286:, pp. 520–521 7250:, pp. 301–302 7124:, pp. 245–247 7112:, pp. 128–129 7097:, pp. 237–239 6948:, pp. 176–185 6472:Strait of Magellan 6447:Portuguese Armadas 6417:Edict of Expulsion 6313:Actual possessions 6095: 5911: 5900: 5720: 5683: 5675:St. Paul's College 5588:Napoleon Bonaparte 5584: 5573: 5483: 5413: 5378: 5275: 5267:Rainha de Portugal 5247: 5158: 5135:East India Company 5119: 5105:'s 1596 print of " 5058: 5031: 4955:Philip II of Spain 4951: 4847:France Antarctique 4812:Captaincy of Bahia 4755: 4696:Cape Breton Island 4652: 4583:, in charge of an 4573: 4565:St. Francis Xavier 4474: 4456:Sub-Saharan Africa 4389:Fort São Sebastião 4333: 4321: 4297:Portuguese Socotra 4249:Treaty of Zaragoza 4225: 4165: 4113:Dongshan Peninsula 4082:Rafael Perestrello 4077: 3996: 3912: 3900: 3863:Portuguese Malacca 3825:Códice Casanatense 3758: 3710: 3581: 3536: 3450: 3391: 3254: 3181: 3168:1490–†1530? (blue) 3064: 3004:The origin of the 2971:autonomous regions 2967:overseas provinces 2959:Azores and Madeira 2900:overseas provinces 2811:Philip II of Spain 2719:, governed by the 2694:Ultramar Português 2608:Angola (1914–1917) 2519:Angola (1774–1778) 2330:Malaysia (1640–41) 2270:East Africa (1632) 2190:Trincomalee (1622) 2160:Brazil (1612–1615) 1893:East Africa (1542) 1853:Brazil (1534–1536) 1798:East Africa (1528) 1713:East Africa (1517) 1638:East Africa (1507) 1618:East Africa (1505) 1147:Imperial expansion 1112:County of Portugal 1067:Visigothic Kingdom 1032:Prehistoric Iberia 580:Pre-colonial Timor 538:Sultanate of Kilwa 310:Sea route to India 17616:Portuguese Empire 17593: 17592: 17587: 17586: 17513:COVID-19 pandemic 17458:French Revolution 17433:Habsburg monarchy 17413:Cossack Hetmanate 17393:Portuguese Empire 17383:Absolute monarchy 17378:Thirty Years' War 17273:Holy Roman Empire 17198:Bulgarian Empire 17157:Early Middle Ages 17074:Bronze Age Europe 17048:History of Europe 17014: 17013: 16936: 16935: 16901:Polish–Lithuanian 16076:Gurjara-Pratihara 15520: 15519: 15480: 15479: 15304: 15303: 15220: 15219: 15207:Political parties 15160:Foreign relations 15127: 15126: 15089:Iberian Peninsula 15052: 15051: 14898:Treaty of Windsor 14753: 14752: 14695:Portuguese Cortes 14690:Portuguese Empire 14665:Kingdom of Brazil 14615:Santa Cruz Estate 14518: 14507:House of Braganza 14502:House of Habsburg 14357:Battle of Ourique 14297:Portuguese Empire 14287: 14286: 14240: 14239: 14234: 14233: 14227: 14226: 14175: 14174: 14134: 14133: 14101: 14100: 13971: 13970: 13965: 13964: 13956: 13955: 13910: 13909: 13850: 13849: 13833: 13832: 13826: 13825: 13808:Portuguese Macau 13800: 13799: 13753: 13752: 13723: 13722: 13592: 13591: 13586: 13585: 13579: 13578: 13564:Portuguese India 13556: 13555: 13541:Portuguese India 13533: 13532: 13496: 13495: 13459: 13458: 13297: 13296: 13151: 13150: 13141:Laccadive Islands 13103: 13102: 13097: 13096: 13090: 13089: 12987: 12986: 12808: 12807: 12798:Portuguese Angola 12791:Portuguese Guinea 12767: 12766: 12760: 12759: 12745:Portuguese Guinea 12729: 12728: 12695: 12694: 12650: 12649: 12620:Portuguese Angola 12519: 12518: 12514:Mascarene Islands 12378: 12377: 12372: 12371: 12365: 12364: 12261: 12260: 12229:1487–16th century 12135:Portuguese Empire 12043:Portuguese Empire 12038:Library resources 11935:978-1-85109-549-0 11916:978-1-85109-549-0 11895:978-1-135-36584-4 11867:978-0-684-83565-5 11844:978-1-118-27401-9 11823:978-0-313-39569-7 11612:978-1-85109-549-0 11445:978-0-8108-5955-5 11424:978-1-57607-771-9 11359:978-0-7546-6109-2 11317:978-0-253-34006-1 11290:978-0-292-70652-1 11269:978-0-292-71276-8 11248:978-81-207-0617-0 11162:978-1-57607-574-6 11024:978-0-7546-0720-5 10898:978-1-85109-441-7 10791:978-0-7391-5176-1 10728:978-0-7618-1520-4 10621:978-0-8166-0782-2 10549:978-1-78238-854-8 10499:. Cambria Press. 10485:978-3-447-05892-6 10422:978-0-8018-8754-3 10354:978-0-521-84644-8 10335:978-0-521-34927-7 10240:978-0-7546-6313-3 10212:978-1-61069-003-4 10170:978-81-317-3202-1 10068:978-1-60918-140-6 9938:de Almeida, p. 92 9645:978-1-934078-10-5 9394:978-1-4039-6255-3 9168:978-81-89422-31-8 8796:978-1-84383-073-3 8762:978-0-520-07723-2 8646:(December 2002). 8351:Russell-Wood 1968 8281:, pp. 255–56 8258:978-0-19-802631-0 7981:978-0-262-66072-3 7675:978-0-8264-6074-5 7469:978-0-7787-2493-3 7442:978-0-19-531391-8 7415:978-0-521-52403-2 7388:978-0-521-24333-9 7354:978-93-83064-91-5 7318:978-0-8108-6528-0 7134:Subrahmanyam 2012 6717:Russell-Wood 1998 6660:L.S. Stavrianos, 6111:Cantonese Chinese 6103:intergovernmental 6076:handover of Macau 6047:it until 1999. A 5924:enclaves in India 5886:Annexation of Goa 5685:At the height of 5647:Portuguese Guinea 5643:Portuguese Angola 5569:Portuguese Cortes 5531:French Revolution 5503:Marquis of Pombal 5178:São Jorge da Mina 5107:The Market of Goa 4990:Iberian peninsula 4827:Manuel da Nóbrega 4808:Bay of All Saints 4740:governor of India 4676:Miguel Corte-Real 4550:Kingdom of Mutapa 4412:Treaty of Bassein 4301:Portuguese Ceylon 4277:History of Kuwait 4221:Indian Christians 4186:Japanese pirating 4129:which they named 3939:Bijapur sultanate 3706:Portuguese Armada 3409:. Simultaneously 3371:, in present-day 3353:São Jorge da Mina 3351:decided to build 3207:Infante Dom Pedro 3056:Conquest of Ceuta 3040:Marinid Sultanate 3016:Iberian Peninsula 2948:mixed-race people 2780:Cape of Good Hope 2733:conquest of Ceuta 2676:Império Português 2668:Portuguese Empire 2663: 2662: 2576:Mozambique (1895) 2571:Mozambique (1895) 2395:Malabar (1658–63) 2295:Gold Coast (1637) 2235:Gold Coast (1625) 2123:India (1599–1600) 2038:Chaul (1570–1571) 1923:Insulindia (1545) 1778:Insulindia (1526) 1773:Insulindia (1525) 1768:Sumatra (1523–24) 1743:Insulindia (1521) 1603:India (1500–1513) 1556:Morocco (1463–64) 1483: 1482: 1356:COVID-19 pandemic 1288:Ditadura Nacional 1217:Transfer of Court 1202:House of Braganza 1162:Portuguese Empire 1107:Almoravid dynasty 1037:Pre-Roman Peoples 987: 986: 973: 972: 969: 968: 915:Dutch East Indies 739: 738: 720:Marinid Sultanate 650:Malacca Sultanate 608:Gujarat Sultanate 552:Kingdom of Maravi 524:Kingdom of Mutapa 440:Handover of Macau 297:Conquest of Ceuta 218:Manuel de Arriaga 122:Roman Catholicism 41:Império Português 36:Portuguese Empire 16:(Redirected from 17723: 17651:Overseas empires 17611:Christian states 17448:Great Divergence 17363:Age of Discovery 17308:Late Middle Ages 17278:High Middle Ages 17189:Byzantine Empire 17172:Christianization 17162:Migration Period 17097:Classical Greece 17069:Neolithic Europe 17041: 17034: 17027: 17018: 17017: 16817: 16816: 16482:Austro-Hungarian 16182:Chagatai Khanate 15547: 15540: 15533: 15524: 15523: 15500: 15493: 15315: 15314: 15261: 15248:Economic history 15231: 15230: 15138: 15137: 15072: 15071: 15060: 14871:Treaty of Zamora 14804: 14803: 14780: 14773: 14766: 14757: 14756: 14610:São Jorge Castle 14516: 14479: 14362:Treaty of Zamora 14330: 14323: 14316: 14307: 14306: 14291: 14290: 14274:Portuguese India 14222: 14209: 14196: 14186: 14185: 14183: 14143: 14142: 14140: 14112: 14111: 14109: 14084: 14071: 14058: 14045: 14032: 14019: 14001: 14000: 13998: 13990: 13977: 13976: 13931: 13921: 13920: 13918: 13880: 13879: 13877: 13869: 13856: 13855: 13821: 13811: 13810: 13806: 13768: 13767: 13764:Portuguese Macau 13761: 13749: 13748: 13740:Portuguese Timor 13732: 13731: 13729: 13676: 13663: 13650: 13622: 13621: 13619: 13611: 13598: 13597: 13567: 13566: 13562: 13544: 13543: 13539: 13518: 13498: 13497: 13491: 13463: 13462: 13434: 13411: 13398: 13375: 13331: 13301: 13300: 13282: 13268: 13257: 13236: 13223: 13222:(Cochin de Cima) 13209: 13198: 13187: 13174: 13164: 13163: 13160:Portuguese India 13157: 13145: 13133: 13132: 13130: 13122: 13109: 13108: 12998: 12997: 12995: 12943: 12871: 12848: 12838: 12837: 12835: 12827: 12814: 12813: 12755:Portuguese Congo 12738: 12737: 12735: 12714: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12691: 12661: 12660: 12658: 12645: 12633: 12580: 12530: 12529: 12527: 12494: 12481: 12459: 12447: 12417: 12416: 12414: 12406: 12393: 12392: 12386: 12360: 12347: 12334: 12321: 12308: 12307:(Souira Guedima) 12295: 12282: 12272: 12271: 12269: 12246: 12223: 12200: 12187: 12167: 12166: 12164: 12156: 12143: 12142: 12128: 12121: 12114: 12105: 12104: 12026: 12005: 11994: 11978: 11967: 11965: 11963: 11939: 11920: 11899: 11878: 11876: 11874: 11859: 11848: 11827: 11806: 11785: 11764: 11743: 11731: 11720: 11718: 11717: 11698: 11677: 11656: 11637: 11616: 11595: 11573: 11554: 11533: 11517: 11500: 11481: 11479: 11478: 11449: 11428: 11407: 11386: 11374: 11363: 11342: 11321: 11305: 11294: 11273: 11252: 11231: 11210: 11198: 11187: 11166: 11145: 11124: 11113:. Primus Books. 11103: 11082: 11051: 11039: 11028: 11007: 10996:. American Map. 10986: 10965: 10944: 10923: 10902: 10881: 10857: 10855: 10854: 10825: 10813: 10795: 10774: 10753: 10742:. Edward Elger. 10732: 10711: 10690: 10674: 10663: 10644: 10625: 10604: 10580: 10564: 10553: 10513:Crowley, Roger. 10510: 10489: 10468: 10447: 10426: 10405: 10393: 10379: 10358: 10339: 10318: 10297: 10276: 10274: 10273: 10244: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10195: 10174: 10153: 10132: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10094: 10079: 10073: 10072: 10057:(2nd ed.). 10048: 10042: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10018: 10009: 10006: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9996: 9987:. Archived from 9981: 9975: 9970: 9964: 9963: 9961: 9960: 9945: 9939: 9936: 9930: 9929: 9927: 9925: 9904: 9898: 9897: 9895: 9893: 9878: 9872: 9854: 9848: 9847: 9845: 9844: 9829: 9823: 9822: 9820: 9818: 9803: 9797: 9796:, pp. 11–12 9791: 9785: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9764: 9758: 9748: 9742: 9741: 9739: 9738: 9700: 9694: 9688: 9679: 9674: 9668: 9663: 9657: 9656: 9654: 9652: 9629: 9623: 9616: 9610: 9609: 9608:on June 3, 2007. 9604:. Archived from 9598: 9592: 9591: 9589: 9588: 9573: 9567: 9566: 9554: 9548: 9542: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9516: 9510: 9509: 9465: 9459: 9458:, pp. 48–61 9453: 9447: 9441: 9430: 9424: 9418: 9412: 9406: 9405: 9403: 9401: 9378: 9372: 9371: 9369: 9367: 9349: 9343: 9337: 9331: 9328: 9322: 9319: 9313: 9307: 9301: 9298: 9292: 9286: 9280: 9274: 9268: 9265: 9259: 9253: 9247: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9223: 9222: 9220: 9210: 9186: 9180: 9179: 9177: 9175: 9152: 9146: 9140: 9134: 9128: 9122: 9116: 9110: 9104: 9095: 9089: 9083: 9077: 9068: 9062: 9056: 9051: 9045: 9040: 9034: 9023: 9017: 9011: 9005: 9002: 8996: 8995: 8993: 8991: 8968: 8962: 8955: 8949: 8942: 8936: 8935: 8933: 8932: 8909: 8903: 8902: 8900: 8899: 8876: 8870: 8864: 8858: 8851: 8845: 8839: 8833: 8826: 8820: 8814: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8803: 8780: 8774: 8773: 8771: 8769: 8750: 8740: 8734: 8732: 8722: 8716: 8715: 8705: 8699: 8693: 8687: 8686: 8680: 8679: 8640: 8634: 8633: 8631: 8630: 8614: 8608: 8602: 8593: 8587: 8581: 8575: 8569: 8563: 8557: 8551: 8545: 8539: 8530: 8524: 8518: 8512: 8506: 8500: 8494: 8488: 8479: 8473: 8467: 8461: 8455: 8449: 8443: 8440: 8434: 8433:, pp. 91–92 8428: 8419: 8413: 8402: 8396: 8390: 8384: 8375: 8372: 8366: 8360: 8354: 8348: 8342: 8336: 8330: 8324: 8318: 8312: 8306: 8300: 8294: 8288: 8282: 8276: 8270: 8269: 8267: 8265: 8242: 8236: 8230: 8224: 8218: 8212: 8206: 8200: 8194: 8188: 8182: 8173: 8172:, pp. 76–78 8167: 8161: 8155: 8149: 8148: 8136: 8125: 8122: 8116: 8110: 8104: 8098: 8092: 8086: 8080: 8074: 8068: 8067: 8046: 8040: 8039: 8021: 8015: 8009: 8003: 7992: 7986: 7985: 7973: 7963: 7957: 7951: 7945: 7939: 7933: 7930: 7924: 7918: 7909: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7885: 7879: 7870: 7869:Cohen, pp. 17–18 7867: 7861: 7855: 7849: 7846: 7840: 7837: 7831: 7828: 7822: 7819: 7813: 7810: 7801: 7785: 7779: 7778: 7758: 7752: 7746: 7740: 7734: 7728: 7727:, pp. 74–82 7722: 7713: 7707: 7701: 7698: 7692: 7686: 7680: 7679: 7657: 7651: 7645: 7639: 7633: 7627: 7621: 7610: 7604: 7598: 7597: 7595: 7594: 7579: 7573: 7552: 7546: 7545: 7543: 7542: 7531:www.china.org.cn 7523: 7517: 7516: 7514: 7513: 7498: 7492: 7489: 7483: 7480: 7474: 7473: 7453: 7447: 7446: 7426: 7420: 7419: 7399: 7393: 7392: 7374: 7368: 7365: 7359: 7358: 7338: 7332: 7329: 7323: 7322: 7302: 7296: 7293: 7287: 7281: 7275: 7269: 7263: 7257: 7251: 7245: 7239: 7233: 7224: 7218: 7212: 7206: 7200: 7194: 7188: 7182: 7173: 7172:, pp. 34–45 7167: 7161: 7155: 7149: 7143: 7137: 7136:, pp. 67–83 7131: 7125: 7119: 7113: 7107: 7098: 7092: 7086: 7080: 7074: 7068: 7062: 7056: 7050: 7047:Abeyasinghe 1986 7044: 7038: 7032: 7026: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7003: 6997: 6991: 6985: 6979: 6973: 6967: 6961: 6955: 6949: 6943: 6937: 6931: 6925: 6919: 6913: 6907: 6901: 6895: 6889: 6888:, pp. 73–75 6883: 6877: 6871: 6865: 6859: 6853: 6847: 6841: 6835: 6829: 6823: 6817: 6811: 6805: 6799: 6793: 6787: 6781: 6775: 6769: 6763: 6757: 6750: 6744: 6738: 6732: 6726: 6720: 6714: 6708: 6702: 6696: 6695: 6683: 6677: 6671: 6665: 6664:(1966) pp. 92–93 6658: 6652: 6646: 6640: 6634: 6628: 6622: 6616: 6610: 6601: 6595: 6589: 6583: 6577: 6571: 6562: 6556: 6547: 6546:, pp. 15–17 6541: 6535: 6529: 6523: 6517: 6511: 6505: 6499: 6493: 6427:Goan Inquisition 6390: 6367: 6347: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6291: 6270:standard Italian 6256:), an orange is 6214:), and Romanian 5935:Jawaharlal Nehru 5896:pluricontinental 5823:Battle of La Lys 5651:Portuguese Timor 5627:Empire of Brazil 5182:northeast Brazil 5128: 4975:Spanish Habsburg 4901:rather than the 4887:José de Anchieta 4792:Native Americans 4381:Muqrin ibn Zamil 4375:, defeating the 4281:History of Qatar 4233:Moluccas islands 4169:Simão de Andrade 4162:Portuguese Macau 4089:Battle of Tunmen 4023:João da Silveira 4015:Jorge de Meneses 4004:Duarte Fernandes 3981:Francisco Serrão 3977:Antonio de Abreu 3851:Portuguese Macao 3836: 3820: 3801: 3766:Mamlûk Sultanate 3714:Tristão da Cunha 3550:, also known as 3538:The squadron of 3530:'s departure to 3507:Portuguese India 3399:Great Fish River 3365:Kingdom of Kongo 3345:Battle of Guinea 3266:Álvaro Fernandes 3221:Romanus Pontifex 3173: 3163: 3157: 3143: 3111:capture of Ceuta 3032:Treaty of Ayllón 2908:indigenous élite 2870:Portuguese Macau 2866:Portuguese India 2858:Portuguese Timor 2752:Age of Discovery 2729:colonial empires 2723:, and later the 2706: 2696: 2686: 2681: 2643:Angola (1961–74) 2638:Africa (1961–74) 2603:Angola (1914–15) 2588:Angola (1902–04) 2551:Brazil (1821–25) 2502:Brazil (1762–63) 2380:Brazil (1652–54) 2335:Angola (1641–48) 2285:Arabia (1633–43) 2048:Mangalore (1571) 1963:Arabia (1552–54) 1521: 1519: 1509: 1502: 1495: 1486: 1485: 1475: 1468: 1461: 1447: 1446: 1445: 1424:Madeiran history 1360: 1352: 1348:Financial crisis 1267:1926 coup d'état 1140:Age of Discovery 1127:1383–1385 Crisis 1102:Gharb Al-Andalus 1017: 1007: 989: 988: 965: 964: 951: 950: 937: 936: 923: 922: 909: 908: 895: 894: 881: 880: 867: 866: 853: 852: 839: 838: 825: 824: 811: 810: 797: 796: 783: 782: 769: 768: 755: 754: 743: 742: 734:Wattasid Dynasty 730: 729: 716: 715: 702: 701: 688: 687: 674: 673: 660: 659: 646: 645: 632: 631: 622:Kingdom of Kotte 618: 617: 604: 603: 590: 589: 576: 575: 562: 561: 548: 547: 534: 533: 520: 519: 510:Kingdom of Kongo 506: 505: 492: 491: 478: 477: 471: 470: 455: 454: 272:António Guterres 84: 68: 51: 43: 32: 31: 21: 17731: 17730: 17726: 17725: 17724: 17722: 17721: 17720: 17596: 17595: 17594: 17589: 17588: 17583: 17522: 17488:Interwar period 17463:Napoleonic Wars 17327: 17298:Mongol invasion 17251:Crown of Aragon 17143: 17083: 17079:Iron Age Europe 17050: 17045: 17015: 17010: 16999:American Empire 16984: 16980:African empires 16932: 16815: 16507:Central African 16453: 16271:Romano-Germanic 15857: 15591:Middle Assyrian 15564: 15556: 15551: 15521: 15516: 15503: 15496: 15489: 15476: 15452:Public holidays 15396: 15300: 15259: 15216: 15180:Law enforcement 15123: 15061: 15048: 15017: 14933:Restoration War 14793: 14784: 14754: 14749: 14643: 14595:Ramalhão Palace 14545:Bemposta Palace 14527: 14521: 14480: 14471: 14452:Lisbon Regicide 14340: 14334: 14299: 14288: 14283: 14236: 14235: 14220: 14207: 14194: 14179: 14136: 14105: 14082: 14069: 14056: 14043: 14030: 14017: 13994: 13982: 13967: 13966: 13929: 13914: 13873: 13861: 13846: 13845: 13834: 13819: 13807: 13802: 13762: 13757: 13742: 13738: 13725: 13674: 13661: 13648: 13615: 13603: 13588: 13587: 13563: 13558: 13540: 13535: 13516: 13490:(Machilipatnam) 13489: 13432: 13409: 13396: 13373: 13362:Salsette Island 13333: 13329: 13328: 13280: 13270: 13266: 13265: 13259: 13255: 13254: 13234: 13221: 13211: 13207: 13206: 13200: 13196: 13195: 13185: 13172: 13158: 13153: 13147: 13143: 13142: 13126: 13114: 13099: 13098: 12991: 12933: 12869: 12846: 12831: 12819: 12804: 12803: 12800:from the 1920s. 12768: 12731: 12712: 12697: 12687: 12654: 12643: 12629: 12578: 12523: 12492: 12479: 12455: 12443: 12410: 12398: 12387: 12374: 12373: 12358: 12345: 12332: 12319: 12306: 12293: 12280: 12265: 12244: 12221: 12198: 12185: 12184:Alcácer Ceguer 12160: 12148: 12137: 12132: 12068: 12067: 12066: 12046: 12045: 12041: 12034: 12029: 12023: 11991: 11961: 11959: 11957: 11936: 11917: 11896: 11872: 11870: 11868: 11845: 11824: 11803: 11782: 11774:. I.B. Taurus. 11761: 11740: 11715: 11713: 11695: 11674: 11634: 11613: 11592: 11570: 11551: 11530: 11497: 11476: 11474: 11467: 11446: 11425: 11404: 11383: 11360: 11339: 11318: 11291: 11270: 11249: 11228: 11207: 11184: 11163: 11142: 11121: 11100: 11079: 11048: 11025: 11004: 10983: 10962: 10941: 10920: 10909:Philip of Spain 10899: 10875: 10852: 10850: 10843: 10822: 10798:Gupta, Pamila. 10792: 10771: 10750: 10729: 10708: 10687: 10660: 10641: 10622: 10601: 10577: 10550: 10533:Wayback Machine 10507: 10486: 10465: 10444: 10423: 10402: 10376: 10355: 10336: 10315: 10294: 10271: 10269: 10262: 10241: 10217: 10215: 10213: 10192: 10171: 10150: 10129: 10112: 10107: 10102: 10101: 10092: 10090: 10081: 10080: 10076: 10069: 10061:. p. 129. 10049: 10045: 10035: 10033: 10020: 10019: 10012: 10007: 10003: 9994: 9992: 9983: 9982: 9978: 9971: 9967: 9958: 9956: 9947: 9946: 9942: 9937: 9933: 9923: 9921: 9906: 9905: 9901: 9891: 9889: 9880: 9879: 9875: 9864:Wayback Machine 9855: 9851: 9842: 9840: 9831: 9830: 9826: 9816: 9814: 9805: 9804: 9800: 9792: 9788: 9778: 9776: 9765: 9761: 9749: 9745: 9736: 9734: 9727: 9701: 9697: 9689: 9682: 9675: 9671: 9664: 9660: 9650: 9648: 9646: 9630: 9626: 9617: 9613: 9600: 9599: 9595: 9586: 9584: 9575: 9574: 9570: 9555: 9551: 9543: 9539: 9529: 9527: 9524:The Independent 9518: 9517: 9513: 9466: 9462: 9454: 9450: 9442: 9433: 9425: 9421: 9413: 9409: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9379: 9375: 9365: 9363: 9350: 9346: 9338: 9334: 9329: 9325: 9320: 9316: 9308: 9304: 9299: 9295: 9287: 9283: 9275: 9271: 9266: 9262: 9254: 9250: 9242: 9238: 9230: 9226: 9187: 9183: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9153: 9149: 9141: 9137: 9129: 9125: 9117: 9113: 9105: 9098: 9090: 9086: 9078: 9071: 9063: 9059: 9052: 9048: 9041: 9037: 9024: 9020: 9012: 9008: 9003: 8999: 8989: 8987: 8985: 8969: 8965: 8956: 8952: 8943: 8939: 8930: 8928: 8926: 8910: 8906: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8877: 8873: 8865: 8861: 8852: 8848: 8840: 8836: 8827: 8823: 8815: 8811: 8801: 8799: 8797: 8781: 8777: 8767: 8765: 8763: 8741: 8737: 8723: 8719: 8706: 8702: 8694: 8690: 8677: 8675: 8641: 8637: 8628: 8626: 8615: 8611: 8603: 8596: 8588: 8584: 8576: 8572: 8564: 8560: 8552: 8548: 8540: 8533: 8525: 8521: 8513: 8509: 8501: 8497: 8489: 8482: 8474: 8470: 8462: 8458: 8450: 8446: 8441: 8437: 8429: 8422: 8414: 8405: 8397: 8393: 8385: 8378: 8373: 8369: 8361: 8357: 8349: 8345: 8337: 8333: 8325: 8321: 8313: 8309: 8301: 8297: 8289: 8285: 8277: 8273: 8263: 8261: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8231: 8227: 8219: 8215: 8207: 8203: 8195: 8191: 8183: 8176: 8168: 8164: 8156: 8152: 8142: 8137: 8128: 8123: 8119: 8111: 8107: 8099: 8095: 8087: 8083: 8075: 8071: 8061: 8047: 8043: 8036: 8022: 8018: 8010: 8006: 7993: 7989: 7982: 7964: 7960: 7952: 7948: 7940: 7936: 7932:Goodwin, p. 184 7931: 7927: 7919: 7912: 7904: 7900: 7892: 7888: 7880: 7873: 7868: 7864: 7856: 7852: 7847: 7843: 7838: 7834: 7829: 7825: 7820: 7816: 7811: 7804: 7798:Wayback Machine 7786: 7782: 7775: 7759: 7755: 7747: 7743: 7735: 7731: 7723: 7716: 7710:O'Flanagan 2008 7708: 7704: 7699: 7695: 7687: 7683: 7676: 7658: 7654: 7646: 7642: 7634: 7630: 7622: 7613: 7605: 7601: 7592: 7590: 7581: 7580: 7576: 7563:Wayback Machine 7553: 7549: 7540: 7538: 7525: 7524: 7520: 7511: 7509: 7500: 7499: 7495: 7490: 7486: 7481: 7477: 7470: 7454: 7450: 7443: 7427: 7423: 7416: 7400: 7396: 7389: 7375: 7371: 7366: 7362: 7355: 7339: 7335: 7330: 7326: 7319: 7303: 7299: 7294: 7290: 7282: 7278: 7270: 7266: 7258: 7254: 7246: 7242: 7234: 7227: 7219: 7215: 7207: 7203: 7195: 7191: 7183: 7176: 7168: 7164: 7156: 7152: 7144: 7140: 7132: 7128: 7120: 7116: 7108: 7101: 7093: 7089: 7081: 7077: 7069: 7065: 7057: 7053: 7045: 7041: 7033: 7029: 7020: 7018: 7005: 7004: 7000: 6992: 6988: 6980: 6976: 6968: 6964: 6956: 6952: 6944: 6940: 6932: 6928: 6920: 6916: 6908: 6904: 6896: 6892: 6884: 6880: 6872: 6868: 6860: 6856: 6848: 6844: 6836: 6832: 6824: 6820: 6812: 6808: 6800: 6796: 6788: 6784: 6776: 6772: 6764: 6760: 6752:Godinho, V. M. 6751: 6747: 6739: 6735: 6727: 6723: 6715: 6711: 6703: 6699: 6689: 6684: 6680: 6672: 6668: 6659: 6655: 6647: 6643: 6635: 6631: 6623: 6619: 6611: 6604: 6596: 6592: 6584: 6580: 6572: 6565: 6557: 6550: 6542: 6538: 6530: 6526: 6518: 6514: 6506: 6502: 6494: 6490: 6485: 6480: 6437:Lusotropicalism 6408: 6401: 6391: 6382: 6368: 6359: 6348: 6339: 6335: 6334: 6330: 6329: 6325: 6324: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6308: 6299: 6292: 6128:) are the only 6116:Currently, the 6097:Presently, the 6084: 5913:In the wake of 5888: 5872:Main articles: 5870: 5798:Kionga Triangle 5793: 5777:Main articles: 5775: 5712: 5667: 5653: 5637:Main articles: 5635: 5561: 5547: 5475: 5390: 5307:Shivappa Nayaka 5271:Portuguese Navy 5239: 5229: 5126: 5043:Seven Provinces 4947:Philip I and II 4935: 4929: 4913:Main articles: 4911: 4899:ouvidor general 4705: 4640: 4635: 4629: 4558: 4458: 4450:Sinai Peninsula 4369:António Correia 4314:Portuguese Fort 4307: 4293:Portuguese Oman 4261: 4253:Bruneian Empire 4201: 4195: 4158:Macau Peninsula 4149:to Ming China. 4117:Galeote Pereira 4073:Nagasaki, Japan 4065: 4047: 4045:China and Japan 4008:Kingdom of Siam 3969:Malay Peninsula 3908:Estado da Índia 3888: 3874: 3869: 3849:Main articles: 3847: 3840: 3837: 3828: 3821: 3812: 3802: 3660:St. Angelo Fort 3521: 3501:Main articles: 3499: 3456: 3430: 3411:Pêro da Covilhã 3395:Bartolomeu Dias 3195: 3186:Pêro da Covilhã 3179: 3171: 3169: 3161: 3159: 3155: 3153: 3146:Afonso de Paiva 3141: 3097: 3091: 3083:Main articles: 3081: 3002: 2996: 2991: 2885:António Salazar 2776:Bartolomeu Dias 2679: 2664: 2659: 2623:Timor (1942–43) 2541:China (1809–10) 2472:India (1729–32) 2345:India (1644–45) 2310:India (1638–39) 2240:Malaysia (1628) 2170:Malaysia (1615) 2150:Malaysia (1606) 2145:Malaysia (1606) 2103:Malaysia (1587) 2098:Malaysia (1586) 2068:Malaysia (1575) 2063:Malaysia (1574) 2058:Malaysia (1573) 2053:India (1570–75) 2033:Goa (1570–1571) 1973:Pakistan (1557) 1958:Malaysia (1551) 1938:Malaysia (1547) 1918:Ethiopia (1543) 1913:Ethiopia (1542) 1908:Ethiopia (1542) 1903:Ethiopia (1542) 1898:Ethiopia (1542) 1888:Ethiopia (1542) 1883:Ethiopia (1541) 1848:Moluccas (1536) 1843:Malaysia (1536) 1838:Malaysia (1535) 1828:Malaysia (1534) 1763:Malaysia (1523) 1723:Malaysia (1520) 1678:Malaysia (1511) 1522: 1517: 1515: 1513: 1479: 1443: 1441: 1429: 1428: 1419:Azorean history 1414: 1404: 1403: 1374: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1350: 1321: 1311: 1310: 1282: 1280:Second Republic 1272: 1271: 1247: 1237: 1236: 1232:1910 Revolution 1197:Restoration War 1192: 1182: 1181: 1142: 1132: 1131: 1087: 1077: 1076: 1027: 1005: 998: 962: 948: 934: 920: 906: 892: 878: 864: 850: 836: 822: 808: 794: 780: 766: 752: 727: 713: 699: 685: 671: 657: 643: 629: 615: 601: 587: 573: 559: 545: 531: 517: 503: 489: 475: 442: 429: 416: 403: 390: 377: 364: 351: 338: 325: 323:Colonial Brazil 312: 299: 268: 256: 241:Prime Ministers 226: 214: 184: 172: 151: 99: 87: 75: 74: 69: 52: 45: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17729: 17719: 17718: 17713: 17708: 17703: 17698: 17693: 17688: 17683: 17678: 17673: 17668: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17643: 17638: 17633: 17628: 17623: 17621:Former empires 17618: 17613: 17608: 17591: 17590: 17585: 17584: 17582: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17561: 17556: 17551: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17530: 17528: 17524: 17523: 17521: 17520: 17515: 17510: 17505: 17500: 17495: 17490: 17485: 17480: 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17455: 17450: 17445: 17440: 17438:Russian Empire 17435: 17430: 17428:British Empire 17425: 17423:Dutch Republic 17420: 17418:Swedish Empire 17415: 17410: 17405: 17400: 17398:Spanish Empire 17395: 17390: 17388:Ottoman Empire 17385: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17359: 17358: 17348: 17343: 17337: 17335: 17329: 17328: 17326: 17325: 17320: 17315: 17310: 17305: 17303:Serbian Empire 17300: 17295: 17290: 17285: 17280: 17275: 17270: 17248: 17243: 17238: 17237: 17236: 17231: 17226: 17221: 17211: 17210: 17209: 17204: 17196: 17191: 17186: 17181: 17176: 17175: 17174: 17164: 17159: 17153: 17151: 17145: 17144: 17142: 17141: 17139:Late antiquity 17136: 17131: 17126: 17125: 17124: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17102:Roman Republic 17099: 17093: 17091: 17085: 17084: 17082: 17081: 17076: 17071: 17066: 17060: 17058: 17052: 17051: 17044: 17043: 17036: 17029: 17021: 17012: 17011: 17009: 17008: 17007: 17006: 17001: 16992: 16990: 16986: 16985: 16983: 16982: 16977: 16972: 16967: 16962: 16957: 16956: 16955: 16944: 16942: 16938: 16937: 16934: 16933: 16931: 16930: 16925: 16920: 16915: 16910: 16909: 16908: 16898: 16893: 16888: 16883: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16852: 16851: 16846: 16836: 16831: 16825: 16823: 16814: 16813: 16812: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16791: 16781: 16776: 16775: 16774: 16764: 16759: 16758: 16757: 16752: 16747: 16737: 16732: 16731: 16730: 16725: 16715: 16714: 16713: 16708: 16703: 16698: 16693: 16683: 16682: 16681: 16676: 16666: 16661: 16656: 16651: 16650: 16649: 16644: 16639: 16634: 16629: 16619: 16618: 16617: 16612: 16602: 16597: 16596: 16595: 16590: 16580: 16579: 16578: 16573: 16563: 16562: 16561: 16556: 16546: 16541: 16540: 16539: 16534: 16529: 16524: 16519: 16509: 16504: 16503: 16502: 16497: 16489: 16484: 16479: 16474: 16469: 16463: 16461: 16455: 16454: 16452: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16436: 16435: 16434: 16429: 16424: 16419: 16414: 16409: 16404: 16394: 16389: 16388: 16387: 16382: 16377: 16372: 16367: 16362: 16352: 16351: 16350: 16345: 16340: 16335: 16325: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16284: 16283: 16278: 16268: 16267: 16266: 16261: 16256: 16251: 16246: 16241: 16228: 16223: 16218: 16213: 16212: 16211: 16206: 16201: 16191: 16190: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16164: 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16139: 16138: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16112: 16111: 16110: 16105: 16100: 16095: 16085: 16084: 16083: 16078: 16073: 16063: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16043: 16042: 16041: 16036: 16031: 16021: 16016: 16015: 16014: 16009: 16004: 15999: 15994: 15989: 15979: 15978: 15977: 15972: 15962: 15961: 15960: 15955: 15950: 15945: 15935: 15930: 15929: 15928: 15918: 15917: 15916: 15911: 15903: 15898: 15893: 15888: 15883: 15878: 15873: 15867: 15865: 15863:Post-classical 15859: 15858: 15856: 15855: 15854: 15853: 15843: 15838: 15837: 15836: 15831: 15821: 15820: 15819: 15809: 15808: 15807: 15802: 15797: 15792: 15787: 15782: 15772: 15767: 15762: 15761: 15760: 15755: 15750: 15745: 15735: 15734: 15733: 15728: 15718: 15713: 15712: 15711: 15706: 15701: 15696: 15691: 15681: 15676: 15671: 15670: 15669: 15664: 15662:Middle Kingdom 15659: 15649: 15644: 15643: 15642: 15637: 15632: 15622: 15621: 15620: 15618:Neo-Babylonian 15615: 15610: 15608:Old Babylonian 15600: 15599: 15598: 15593: 15583: 15578: 15572: 15570: 15558: 15557: 15550: 15549: 15542: 15535: 15527: 15518: 15517: 15515: 15514: 15509: 15502: 15501: 15494: 15486: 15485: 15482: 15481: 15478: 15477: 15475: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15449: 15444: 15439: 15434: 15429: 15428: 15427: 15417: 15412: 15406: 15404: 15398: 15397: 15395: 15394: 15389: 15384: 15379: 15374: 15369: 15364: 15359: 15354: 15349: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15318: 15312: 15306: 15305: 15302: 15301: 15299: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15281:Stock Exchange 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15234: 15228: 15222: 15221: 15218: 15217: 15215: 15214: 15209: 15204: 15199: 15194: 15193: 15192: 15182: 15177: 15172: 15167: 15162: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15141: 15135: 15129: 15128: 15125: 15124: 15122: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15091: 15086: 15081: 15075: 15069: 15063: 15062: 15055: 15053: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15025: 15023: 15019: 15018: 15016: 15015: 15013:Third Republic 15010: 15005: 15000: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14983:First Republic 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14953:Peninsular War 14950: 14945: 14940: 14935: 14930: 14925: 14920: 14915: 14910: 14905: 14900: 14895: 14890: 14885: 14880: 14873: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14838: 14833: 14828: 14823: 14818: 14812: 14810: 14801: 14795: 14794: 14783: 14782: 14775: 14768: 14760: 14751: 14750: 14748: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14677: 14672: 14667: 14662: 14657: 14651: 14649: 14645: 14644: 14642: 14641: 14634: 14627: 14622: 14617: 14612: 14607: 14602: 14600:Ribeira Palace 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14562: 14557: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14531: 14529: 14523: 14522: 14520: 14519: 14509: 14504: 14499: 14494: 14488: 14486: 14482: 14481: 14474: 14472: 14470: 14469: 14464: 14459: 14454: 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14409: 14404: 14399: 14394: 14389: 14384: 14379: 14374: 14372:1383–85 Crisis 14369: 14364: 14359: 14354: 14348: 14346: 14342: 14341: 14333: 14332: 14325: 14318: 14310: 14304: 14301: 14300: 14285: 14284: 14282: 14281: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14245: 14242: 14241: 14238: 14237: 14232: 14231: 14225: 14224: 14216: 14212: 14211: 14203: 14199: 14198: 14190: 14176: 14173: 14172: 14167: 14163: 14162: 14157: 14153: 14152: 14147: 14132: 14131: 14126: 14122: 14121: 14116: 14102: 14099: 14098: 14093: 14089: 14088: 14080: 14076: 14075: 14067: 14063: 14062: 14060:Rio de Janeiro 14054: 14050: 14049: 14041: 14037: 14036: 14028: 14024: 14023: 14015: 14011: 14010: 14005: 13988: 13987: 13984: 13983: 13973: 13972: 13969: 13968: 13963: 13962: 13957: 13954: 13953: 13948: 13944: 13943: 13938: 13934: 13933: 13930:(Newfoundland) 13925: 13911: 13908: 13907: 13898: 13894: 13893: 13884: 13867: 13866: 13863: 13862: 13852: 13851: 13848: 13847: 13844: 13843: 13835: 13831: 13830: 13824: 13823: 13815: 13798: 13797: 13792: 13788: 13787: 13782: 13778: 13777: 13772: 13754: 13751: 13750: 13736: 13721: 13720: 13715: 13711: 13710: 13705: 13701: 13700: 13695: 13691: 13690: 13685: 13681: 13680: 13672: 13668: 13667: 13659: 13655: 13654: 13646: 13642: 13641: 13636: 13632: 13631: 13626: 13609: 13608: 13605: 13604: 13594: 13593: 13590: 13589: 13584: 13583: 13577: 13576: 13571: 13554: 13553: 13548: 13531: 13530: 13525: 13521: 13520: 13512: 13508: 13507: 13502: 13494: 13493: 13485: 13481: 13480: 13475: 13471: 13470: 13467: 13460: 13457: 13456: 13451: 13447: 13446: 13441: 13437: 13436: 13428: 13424: 13423: 13418: 13414: 13413: 13405: 13401: 13400: 13392: 13388: 13387: 13382: 13378: 13377: 13369: 13365: 13364: 13359: 13355: 13354: 13349: 13345: 13344: 13339: 13335: 13334: 13325: 13323: 13319: 13318: 13313: 13309: 13308: 13305: 13298: 13295: 13294: 13289: 13285: 13284: 13276: 13272: 13271: 13262: 13260: 13252: 13249: 13248: 13243: 13239: 13238: 13230: 13226: 13225: 13217: 13213: 13212: 13203: 13201: 13193: 13190: 13189: 13181: 13177: 13176: 13168: 13149: 13148: 13139: 13137: 13120: 13119: 13116: 13115: 13105: 13104: 13101: 13100: 13095: 13094: 13088: 13087: 13082: 13078: 13077: 13072: 13068: 13067: 13062: 13058: 13057: 13052: 13048: 13047: 13042: 13038: 13037: 13032: 13028: 13027: 13022: 13018: 13017: 13012: 13008: 13007: 13002: 12988: 12985: 12984: 12979: 12975: 12974: 12969: 12965: 12964: 12959: 12955: 12954: 12949: 12945: 12944: 12928: 12924: 12923: 12918: 12914: 12913: 12908: 12904: 12903: 12898: 12894: 12893: 12888: 12884: 12883: 12878: 12874: 12873: 12865: 12861: 12860: 12855: 12851: 12850: 12847:(Bandar Abbas) 12842: 12825: 12824: 12821: 12820: 12810: 12809: 12806: 12805: 12802: 12801: 12794: 12787: 12780: 12777: 12769: 12765: 12764: 12758: 12757: 12752: 12748: 12747: 12742: 12727: 12726: 12721: 12717: 12716: 12708: 12693: 12692: 12685: 12681: 12680: 12675: 12671: 12670: 12665: 12651: 12648: 12647: 12639: 12635: 12634: 12627: 12623: 12622: 12617: 12613: 12612: 12607: 12603: 12602: 12597: 12593: 12592: 12587: 12583: 12582: 12574: 12570: 12569: 12564: 12560: 12559: 12554: 12550: 12549: 12544: 12540: 12539: 12534: 12520: 12517: 12516: 12511: 12507: 12506: 12501: 12497: 12496: 12488: 12484: 12483: 12475: 12471: 12470: 12465: 12461: 12460: 12453: 12449: 12448: 12441: 12437: 12436: 12431: 12427: 12426: 12421: 12404: 12403: 12400: 12399: 12389: 12388: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12375: 12370: 12369: 12363: 12362: 12354: 12350: 12349: 12341: 12337: 12336: 12328: 12324: 12323: 12315: 12311: 12310: 12302: 12298: 12297: 12289: 12285: 12284: 12276: 12262: 12259: 12258: 12253: 12249: 12248: 12240: 12236: 12235: 12230: 12226: 12225: 12217: 12213: 12212: 12207: 12203: 12202: 12194: 12190: 12189: 12181: 12177: 12176: 12171: 12154: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12139: 12138: 12131: 12130: 12123: 12116: 12108: 12102: 12101: 12094: 12089: 12087:Thomas Kitchin 12080: 12074: 12065: 12064: 12059: 12054: 12048: 12047: 12036: 12035: 12033: 12032:External links 12030: 12028: 12027: 12021: 12006: 11995: 11989: 11968: 11955: 11940: 11934: 11921: 11915: 11900: 11894: 11879: 11866: 11849: 11843: 11828: 11822: 11807: 11801: 11786: 11781:978-1845115852 11780: 11765: 11760:978-8170228486 11759: 11744: 11739:978-0520021952 11738: 11721: 11699: 11693: 11678: 11672: 11657: 11638: 11632: 11617: 11611: 11596: 11590: 11577: 11574: 11568: 11555: 11549: 11534: 11529:978-0520028098 11528: 11507: 11504:Panikkar, K.M. 11501: 11496:978-1107640764 11495: 11482: 11465: 11450: 11444: 11429: 11423: 11408: 11402: 11387: 11382:978-0231031592 11381: 11364: 11358: 11343: 11337: 11322: 11316: 11295: 11289: 11274: 11268: 11253: 11247: 11232: 11227:978-8170990468 11226: 11211: 11205: 11188: 11183:978-1598841008 11182: 11167: 11161: 11146: 11140: 11125: 11120:978-9380607016 11119: 11104: 11098: 11083: 11077: 11062: 11052: 11046: 11029: 11023: 11008: 11002: 10987: 10981: 10966: 10961:978-0415215404 10960: 10945: 10939: 10924: 10918: 10903: 10897: 10882: 10873: 10864:Historic Macao 10858: 10841: 10826: 10820: 10803: 10796: 10790: 10775: 10770:978-0700712205 10769: 10754: 10749:978-0857934260 10748: 10733: 10727: 10712: 10706: 10691: 10686:978-0816607884 10685: 10664: 10659:978-0521738224 10658: 10645: 10640:978-0521843188 10639: 10626: 10620: 10605: 10599: 10581: 10575: 10554: 10548: 10535: 10518: 10511: 10505: 10490: 10484: 10469: 10463: 10448: 10443:978-9004297203 10442: 10427: 10421: 10406: 10400: 10394:. Hutchinson. 10380: 10374: 10359: 10353: 10340: 10334: 10319: 10314:978-1405183680 10313: 10298: 10292: 10277: 10260: 10245: 10239: 10224: 10211: 10196: 10190: 10175: 10169: 10154: 10149:978-0714631646 10148: 10133: 10128:978-9555520003 10127: 10113: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10100: 10099: 10074: 10067: 10059:Guilford Press 10043: 10010: 10001: 9976: 9965: 9940: 9931: 9899: 9873: 9849: 9824: 9798: 9786: 9759: 9757:(July 7, 1975) 9743: 9725: 9695: 9680: 9669: 9658: 9644: 9624: 9611: 9593: 9568: 9549: 9537: 9526:. Oct 26, 1914 9511: 9460: 9448: 9431: 9419: 9407: 9393: 9373: 9344: 9332: 9323: 9314: 9302: 9293: 9281: 9269: 9260: 9248: 9236: 9224: 9181: 9167: 9147: 9135: 9123: 9111: 9096: 9084: 9069: 9057: 9046: 9035: 9018: 9006: 8997: 8983: 8963: 8950: 8937: 8925:978-0700712205 8924: 8904: 8892:978-0313262579 8891: 8871: 8859: 8846: 8834: 8821: 8809: 8795: 8775: 8761: 8735: 8717: 8700: 8688: 8635: 8609: 8594: 8582: 8570: 8558: 8546: 8531: 8519: 8507: 8503:Gallagher 1982 8495: 8480: 8468: 8456: 8444: 8435: 8420: 8403: 8391: 8376: 8367: 8355: 8343: 8331: 8319: 8307: 8295: 8283: 8271: 8257: 8237: 8225: 8213: 8201: 8189: 8174: 8162: 8150: 8126: 8117: 8105: 8093: 8081: 8069: 8059: 8041: 8034: 8016: 8004: 7987: 7980: 7958: 7946: 7934: 7925: 7921:Stapleton 2013 7910: 7898: 7886: 7871: 7862: 7858:Stapleton 2013 7850: 7841: 7832: 7823: 7814: 7802: 7780: 7773: 7753: 7741: 7729: 7714: 7702: 7693: 7691:, p. 1340 7681: 7674: 7668:. p. 35. 7652: 7640: 7628: 7611: 7599: 7574: 7547: 7518: 7493: 7484: 7475: 7468: 7448: 7441: 7421: 7414: 7394: 7387: 7369: 7360: 7353: 7333: 7324: 7317: 7297: 7288: 7276: 7264: 7252: 7248:Gipouloux 2011 7240: 7225: 7213: 7201: 7189: 7174: 7162: 7150: 7138: 7126: 7114: 7099: 7087: 7083:Macmillan 2000 7075: 7063: 7051: 7039: 7027: 7011:Kerala Tourism 6998: 6986: 6982:McAlister 1984 6974: 6970:McAlister 1984 6962: 6950: 6938: 6926: 6914: 6902: 6890: 6886:McAlister 1984 6878: 6866: 6854: 6842: 6840:, p. 161. 6830: 6818: 6806: 6794: 6782: 6770: 6758: 6745: 6733: 6729:Rodriguez 2007 6721: 6709: 6697: 6678: 6666: 6653: 6641: 6629: 6617: 6602: 6590: 6578: 6563: 6548: 6536: 6524: 6512: 6500: 6487: 6486: 6484: 6481: 6479: 6476: 6475: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6434: 6429: 6424: 6419: 6414: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6402: 6392: 6385: 6383: 6369: 6362: 6360: 6349: 6342: 6340: 6309: 6302: 6300: 6293: 6286: 6198:), Macedonian 6126:Savage Islands 6083: 6080: 6043:, which later 6018:Civil wars in 5869: 5866: 5831:uti possidetis 5774: 5771: 5711: 5708: 5673:The façade of 5634: 5631: 5546: 5543: 5535:"second Haiti" 5474: 5471: 5429:46%) in 1760. 5389: 5386: 5303:Maratha Empire 5256:Salvador de Sá 5228: 5225: 5207:would capture 5077:war with Spain 5035:Dutch Republic 5028:Dutch Republic 4953:In 1580, King 4910: 4907: 4895:Rio de Janeiro 4871:Flamengo Beach 4777:João de Barros 4770:islands. Each 4709:Gonçalo Coelho 4704: 4701: 4639: 4636: 4631:Main article: 4628: 4625: 4577:Francis Xavier 4557: 4554: 4483:Adal Sultanate 4470:Theodor de Bry 4457: 4454: 4341:Ottoman Empire 4331:(16th century) 4260: 4257: 4197:Main article: 4194: 4191: 4046: 4043: 3873: 3870: 3855:History of Goa 3846: 3843: 3842: 3841: 3838: 3831: 3829: 3822: 3815: 3813: 3803: 3796: 3684:Jaffna kingdom 3585:ruler of Kochi 3498: 3495: 3452:Main article: 3429: 3426: 3317:Gulf of Guinea 3291:and (largely) 3274:Gulf of Guinea 3194: 3191: 3170: 3160: 3154: 3140: 3080: 3077: 2998:Main article: 2995: 2992: 2990: 2987: 2983:British Empire 2827:Dutch Republic 2819:historiography 2782:, and in 1498 2661: 2660: 2658: 2657: 2656: 2655: 2650: 2645: 2635: 2630: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2595: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2579: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2563: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2543: 2538: 2532: 2531: 2527: 2526: 2521: 2516: 2514:Morocco (1769) 2511: 2510: 2509: 2499: 2494: 2489: 2484: 2479: 2474: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2448: 2447: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2352: 2347: 2342: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2325:Morocco (1640) 2322: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2297: 2292: 2287: 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2262: 2257: 2252: 2247: 2245:Malacca (1629) 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2172: 2167: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2142: 2140:Sumatra (1606) 2137: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2125: 2120: 2115: 2113:Mombasa (1589) 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2090: 2085: 2080: 2075: 2073:Morocco (1578) 2070: 2065: 2060: 2055: 2050: 2045: 2043:Honavar (1571) 2040: 2035: 2030: 2028:Sumatra (1569) 2025: 2023:Malacca (1568) 2020: 2015: 2010: 2008:Morocco (1564) 2005: 2003:Morocco (1562) 2000: 1995: 1990: 1985: 1980: 1975: 1970: 1965: 1960: 1955: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1935: 1930: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1910: 1905: 1900: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1878:Red Sea (1541) 1875: 1873:Red Sea (1541) 1870: 1868:Red Sea (1541) 1865: 1863:Red Sea (1541) 1860: 1855: 1850: 1845: 1840: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1818:Morocco (1533) 1815: 1810: 1805: 1800: 1795: 1793:Sumatra (1528) 1790: 1785: 1780: 1775: 1770: 1765: 1760: 1755: 1753:Sumatra (1522) 1750: 1745: 1740: 1738:Bahrain (1521) 1735: 1733:Sumatra (1521) 1730: 1725: 1720: 1715: 1710: 1708:Morocco (1516) 1705: 1703:Morocco (1515) 1700: 1698:Morocco (1515) 1695: 1693:Morocco (1514) 1690: 1688:Morocco (1514) 1685: 1683:Morocco (1513) 1680: 1675: 1670: 1665: 1660: 1655: 1650: 1648:Socotra (1507) 1645: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1608:Algeria (1501) 1605: 1599: 1598: 1594: 1593: 1591:Morocco (1490) 1588: 1586:Morocco (1489) 1583: 1581:Morocco (1487) 1578: 1573: 1571:Morocco (1471) 1568: 1566:Morocco (1471) 1563: 1561:Morocco (1468) 1558: 1553: 1551:Morocco (1458) 1548: 1546:Morocco (1437) 1543: 1541:Morocco (1419) 1538: 1536:Morocco (1415) 1532: 1531: 1527: 1524: 1523: 1512: 1511: 1504: 1497: 1489: 1481: 1480: 1478: 1477: 1470: 1463: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1438: 1437: 1431: 1430: 1427: 1426: 1421: 1415: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1405: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1366: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1353: 1345: 1343:Third Republic 1340: 1335: 1328: 1322: 1319:Third Republic 1317: 1316: 1313: 1312: 1309: 1308: 1303: 1296: 1291: 1283: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1269: 1264: 1259: 1254: 1252:First Republic 1248: 1245:First Republic 1243: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1229: 1224: 1219: 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1193: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1183: 1180: 1179: 1174: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1149: 1143: 1138: 1137: 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1124: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1088: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1075: 1074: 1069: 1064: 1062:Suebic Kingdom 1059: 1054: 1049: 1044: 1039: 1034: 1028: 1023: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1010: 1009: 1000: 999: 992: 985: 984: 979: 975: 974: 971: 970: 967: 966: 959: 953: 952: 945: 943:Spanish Guinea 939: 938: 931: 925: 924: 917: 911: 910: 903: 897: 896: 889: 883: 882: 875: 869: 868: 861: 855: 854: 847: 841: 840: 833: 827: 826: 819: 813: 812: 805: 799: 798: 791: 785: 784: 777: 771: 770: 763: 757: 756: 749: 740: 737: 736: 731: 723: 722: 717: 709: 708: 703: 695: 694: 689: 681: 680: 675: 667: 666: 661: 653: 652: 647: 639: 638: 636:Jaffna Kingdom 633: 625: 624: 619: 611: 610: 605: 597: 596: 591: 583: 582: 577: 569: 568: 563: 555: 554: 549: 541: 540: 535: 527: 526: 521: 513: 512: 507: 499: 498: 493: 485: 484: 479: 467: 466: 461: 451: 450: 447: 446: 443: 437: 434: 433: 430: 424: 421: 420: 417: 411: 408: 407: 404: 398: 395: 394: 391: 385: 382: 381: 378: 372: 369: 368: 365: 359: 356: 355: 352: 346: 343: 342: 339: 333: 330: 329: 326: 320: 317: 316: 313: 307: 304: 303: 300: 294: 291: 290: 287: 286: 283: 279: 278: 275: 274: 269: 266: 263: 262: 257: 254: 251: 250: 247: 246: 243: 237: 236: 233: 232: 227: 224: 221: 220: 215: 212: 209: 208: 205: 204: 201: 195: 194: 191: 190: 185: 182: 179: 178: 173: 170: 167: 166: 163: 162: 159: 153: 152: 150: 149: 143: 136: 134: 130: 129: 119: 115: 114: 109: 105: 104: 101:Rio de Janeiro 93: 89: 88: 85: 77: 76: 70: 63: 62: 59: 58: 54: 53: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17728: 17717: 17714: 17712: 17709: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17697: 17694: 17692: 17689: 17687: 17684: 17682: 17679: 17677: 17674: 17672: 17669: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17629: 17627: 17624: 17622: 17619: 17617: 17614: 17612: 17609: 17607: 17604: 17603: 17601: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17560: 17557: 17555: 17552: 17550: 17547: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17534:Art of Europe 17532: 17531: 17529: 17525: 17519: 17516: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17504: 17501: 17499: 17496: 17494: 17491: 17489: 17486: 17484: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17454: 17451: 17449: 17446: 17444: 17441: 17439: 17436: 17434: 17431: 17429: 17426: 17424: 17421: 17419: 17416: 17414: 17411: 17409: 17406: 17404: 17401: 17399: 17396: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17357: 17354: 17353: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17338: 17336: 17334: 17333:Modern period 17330: 17324: 17321: 17319: 17316: 17314: 17311: 17309: 17306: 17304: 17301: 17299: 17296: 17294: 17291: 17289: 17286: 17284: 17281: 17279: 17276: 17274: 17271: 17268: 17264: 17260: 17256: 17252: 17249: 17247: 17244: 17242: 17239: 17235: 17232: 17230: 17227: 17225: 17222: 17220: 17217: 17216: 17215: 17212: 17208: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17199: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17190: 17187: 17185: 17182: 17180: 17177: 17173: 17170: 17169: 17168: 17165: 17163: 17160: 17158: 17155: 17154: 17152: 17150: 17146: 17140: 17137: 17135: 17132: 17130: 17127: 17123: 17120: 17119: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17095: 17094: 17092: 17090: 17086: 17080: 17077: 17075: 17072: 17070: 17067: 17065: 17062: 17061: 17059: 17057: 17053: 17049: 17042: 17037: 17035: 17030: 17028: 17023: 17022: 17019: 17005: 17004:Soviet empire 17002: 17000: 16997: 16996: 16994: 16993: 16991: 16989:Miscellaneous 16987: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16954: 16951: 16950: 16949: 16946: 16945: 16943: 16939: 16929: 16926: 16924: 16921: 16919: 16916: 16914: 16911: 16907: 16904: 16903: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16892: 16889: 16887: 16884: 16882: 16879: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16864: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16850: 16847: 16845: 16842: 16841: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16826: 16824: 16822: 16818: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16790: 16787: 16786: 16785: 16782: 16780: 16777: 16773: 16770: 16769: 16768: 16765: 16763: 16760: 16756: 16753: 16751: 16748: 16746: 16743: 16742: 16741: 16738: 16736: 16733: 16729: 16726: 16724: 16721: 16720: 16719: 16716: 16712: 16709: 16707: 16704: 16702: 16699: 16697: 16694: 16692: 16689: 16688: 16687: 16684: 16680: 16677: 16675: 16672: 16671: 16670: 16667: 16665: 16662: 16660: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16648: 16645: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16635: 16633: 16630: 16628: 16625: 16624: 16623: 16620: 16616: 16613: 16611: 16608: 16607: 16606: 16603: 16601: 16598: 16594: 16591: 16589: 16588:German Empire 16586: 16585: 16584: 16581: 16577: 16574: 16572: 16569: 16568: 16567: 16564: 16560: 16557: 16555: 16552: 16551: 16550: 16547: 16545: 16542: 16538: 16535: 16533: 16530: 16528: 16525: 16523: 16520: 16518: 16515: 16514: 16513: 16510: 16508: 16505: 16501: 16498: 16496: 16493: 16492: 16490: 16488: 16485: 16483: 16480: 16478: 16475: 16473: 16470: 16468: 16465: 16464: 16462: 16460: 16456: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16433: 16430: 16428: 16425: 16423: 16420: 16418: 16415: 16413: 16410: 16408: 16405: 16403: 16400: 16399: 16398: 16395: 16393: 16390: 16386: 16383: 16381: 16378: 16376: 16373: 16371: 16368: 16366: 16363: 16361: 16358: 16357: 16356: 16353: 16349: 16346: 16344: 16341: 16339: 16336: 16334: 16331: 16330: 16329: 16328:Turco-Persian 16326: 16324: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16282: 16279: 16277: 16274: 16273: 16272: 16269: 16265: 16262: 16260: 16257: 16255: 16252: 16250: 16247: 16245: 16242: 16240: 16237: 16236: 16235: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16217: 16214: 16210: 16207: 16205: 16202: 16200: 16197: 16196: 16195: 16192: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16173: 16170: 16169: 16168: 16165: 16163: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16145: 16143: 16140: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16117: 16116: 16113: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16096: 16094: 16091: 16090: 16089: 16086: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16074: 16072: 16069: 16068: 16067: 16064: 16062: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16040: 16037: 16035: 16032: 16030: 16027: 16026: 16025: 16022: 16020: 16017: 16013: 16010: 16008: 16005: 16003: 16000: 15998: 15995: 15993: 15990: 15988: 15985: 15984: 15983: 15980: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15967: 15966: 15963: 15959: 15956: 15954: 15951: 15949: 15946: 15944: 15941: 15940: 15939: 15936: 15934: 15931: 15927: 15924: 15923: 15922: 15919: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15906: 15904: 15902: 15899: 15897: 15894: 15892: 15889: 15887: 15884: 15882: 15879: 15877: 15874: 15872: 15869: 15868: 15866: 15864: 15860: 15852: 15849: 15848: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15835: 15832: 15830: 15827: 15826: 15825: 15822: 15818: 15815: 15814: 15813: 15810: 15806: 15803: 15801: 15798: 15796: 15793: 15791: 15788: 15786: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15777: 15776: 15773: 15771: 15768: 15766: 15763: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15749: 15746: 15744: 15741: 15740: 15739: 15736: 15732: 15729: 15727: 15724: 15723: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15710: 15707: 15705: 15702: 15700: 15697: 15695: 15692: 15690: 15687: 15686: 15685: 15682: 15680: 15677: 15675: 15672: 15668: 15665: 15663: 15660: 15658: 15655: 15654: 15653: 15650: 15648: 15645: 15641: 15638: 15636: 15633: 15631: 15628: 15627: 15626: 15623: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15605: 15604: 15601: 15597: 15594: 15592: 15589: 15588: 15587: 15584: 15582: 15579: 15577: 15574: 15573: 15571: 15568: 15563: 15559: 15555: 15548: 15543: 15541: 15536: 15534: 15529: 15528: 15525: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15504: 15499: 15495: 15492: 15488: 15487: 15483: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15443: 15440: 15438: 15435: 15433: 15430: 15426: 15423: 15422: 15421: 15418: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15407: 15405: 15403: 15399: 15393: 15390: 15388: 15385: 15383: 15380: 15378: 15375: 15373: 15370: 15368: 15365: 15363: 15360: 15358: 15355: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15319: 15316: 15313: 15311: 15307: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15235: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15223: 15213: 15210: 15208: 15205: 15203: 15200: 15198: 15195: 15191: 15188: 15187: 15186: 15183: 15181: 15178: 15176: 15173: 15171: 15168: 15166: 15163: 15161: 15158: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15142: 15139: 15136: 15134: 15130: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15090: 15087: 15085: 15082: 15080: 15077: 15076: 15073: 15070: 15068: 15064: 15059: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15026: 15024: 15020: 15014: 15011: 15009: 15006: 15004: 15001: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14934: 14931: 14929: 14928:Iberian Union 14926: 14924: 14921: 14919: 14916: 14914: 14911: 14909: 14906: 14904: 14903:Consolidation 14901: 14899: 14896: 14894: 14891: 14889: 14886: 14884: 14881: 14879: 14878: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14842: 14839: 14837: 14834: 14832: 14829: 14827: 14824: 14822: 14819: 14817: 14814: 14813: 14811: 14809: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14796: 14792: 14788: 14781: 14776: 14774: 14769: 14767: 14762: 14761: 14758: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14676: 14673: 14671: 14668: 14666: 14663: 14661: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14652: 14650: 14648:Miscellaneous 14646: 14640: 14639: 14635: 14633: 14632: 14628: 14626: 14623: 14621: 14618: 14616: 14613: 14611: 14608: 14606: 14603: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14580:Queluz Palace 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14550:Buçaco Palace 14548: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14536: 14533: 14532: 14530: 14524: 14515: 14514: 14510: 14508: 14505: 14503: 14500: 14498: 14497:House of Aviz 14495: 14493: 14490: 14489: 14487: 14483: 14478: 14468: 14465: 14463: 14460: 14458: 14455: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14410: 14408: 14405: 14403: 14402:Iberian Union 14400: 14398: 14395: 14393: 14390: 14388: 14385: 14383: 14380: 14378: 14375: 14373: 14370: 14368: 14365: 14363: 14360: 14358: 14355: 14353: 14350: 14349: 14347: 14343: 14339: 14331: 14326: 14324: 14319: 14317: 14312: 14311: 14308: 14302: 14298: 14292: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14246: 14243: 14230: 14223: 14217: 14214: 14213: 14210: 14204: 14201: 14200: 14197: 14191: 14188: 14187: 14184: 14182: 14177: 14171: 14168: 14165: 14164: 14161: 14158: 14155: 14154: 14151: 14148: 14145: 14144: 14141: 14139: 14130: 14127: 14124: 14123: 14120: 14117: 14114: 14113: 14110: 14108: 14103: 14097: 14094: 14091: 14090: 14087: 14081: 14078: 14077: 14074: 14068: 14065: 14064: 14061: 14055: 14052: 14051: 14048: 14042: 14039: 14038: 14035: 14029: 14026: 14025: 14022: 14016: 14013: 14012: 14009: 14006: 14003: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13992: 13991: 13985: 13978: 13974: 13961: 13958: 13952: 13949: 13946: 13945: 13942: 13939: 13936: 13935: 13932: 13926: 13923: 13922: 13919: 13917: 13912: 13906: 13905: 13904: 13899: 13896: 13895: 13892: 13891: 13890: 13885: 13882: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13871: 13870: 13864: 13857: 13853: 13841: 13837: 13836: 13829: 13822: 13816: 13813: 13812: 13809: 13805: 13796: 13793: 13790: 13789: 13786: 13783: 13780: 13779: 13776: 13773: 13770: 13769: 13766: 13765: 13760: 13755: 13746: 13741: 13737: 13734: 13733: 13730: 13728: 13719: 13716: 13713: 13712: 13709: 13706: 13703: 13702: 13699: 13696: 13693: 13692: 13689: 13686: 13683: 13682: 13679: 13673: 13670: 13669: 13666: 13660: 13657: 13656: 13653: 13647: 13644: 13643: 13640: 13637: 13634: 13633: 13630: 13627: 13624: 13623: 13620: 13618: 13613: 13612: 13606: 13599: 13595: 13582: 13575: 13572: 13569: 13568: 13565: 13561: 13552: 13549: 13546: 13545: 13542: 13538: 13529: 13526: 13523: 13522: 13519: 13513: 13510: 13509: 13506: 13503: 13500: 13499: 13492: 13488:Masulipatnam 13486: 13483: 13482: 13479: 13476: 13473: 13472: 13468: 13465: 13464: 13461: 13455: 13452: 13449: 13448: 13445: 13444:Daman and Diu 13442: 13439: 13438: 13435: 13433:(Thoothukudi) 13429: 13426: 13425: 13422: 13419: 13416: 13415: 13412: 13410:(Kodungallur) 13406: 13403: 13402: 13399: 13397:(Vasai-Virar) 13393: 13390: 13389: 13386: 13383: 13380: 13379: 13376: 13370: 13367: 13366: 13363: 13360: 13357: 13356: 13353: 13350: 13347: 13346: 13343: 13340: 13337: 13336: 13332: 13324: 13321: 13320: 13317: 13314: 13311: 13310: 13306: 13303: 13302: 13299: 13293: 13290: 13287: 13286: 13283: 13277: 13274: 13273: 13269: 13261: 13251: 13250: 13247: 13244: 13241: 13240: 13237: 13231: 13228: 13227: 13224: 13218: 13215: 13214: 13210: 13202: 13192: 13191: 13188: 13182: 13179: 13178: 13175: 13169: 13166: 13165: 13162: 13161: 13156: 13146: 13144:(Lakshadweep) 13138: 13135: 13134: 13131: 13129: 13124: 13123: 13117: 13110: 13106: 13093: 13086: 13085:Bandar-e Kong 13083: 13080: 13079: 13076: 13075:Dibba Al-Hisn 13073: 13070: 13069: 13066: 13063: 13060: 13059: 13056: 13053: 13050: 13049: 13046: 13043: 13040: 13039: 13036: 13033: 13030: 13029: 13026: 13023: 13020: 13019: 13016: 13013: 13010: 13009: 13006: 13003: 13000: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12989: 12983: 12980: 12977: 12976: 12973: 12970: 12967: 12966: 12963: 12960: 12957: 12956: 12953: 12950: 12947: 12946: 12941: 12937: 12932: 12929: 12926: 12925: 12922: 12919: 12916: 12915: 12912: 12909: 12906: 12905: 12902: 12899: 12896: 12895: 12892: 12889: 12886: 12885: 12882: 12879: 12876: 12875: 12872: 12866: 12863: 12862: 12859: 12856: 12853: 12852: 12849: 12843: 12840: 12839: 12836: 12834: 12829: 12828: 12822: 12815: 12811: 12799: 12795: 12792: 12788: 12785: 12781: 12778: 12775: 12771: 12770: 12763: 12756: 12753: 12750: 12749: 12746: 12743: 12740: 12739: 12736: 12734: 12725: 12722: 12719: 12718: 12715: 12709: 12706: 12705: 12702: 12700: 12690: 12686: 12683: 12682: 12679: 12676: 12673: 12672: 12669: 12666: 12663: 12662: 12659: 12657: 12652: 12646: 12640: 12637: 12636: 12632: 12628: 12625: 12624: 12621: 12618: 12615: 12614: 12611: 12608: 12605: 12604: 12601: 12598: 12595: 12594: 12591: 12588: 12585: 12584: 12581: 12575: 12572: 12571: 12568: 12565: 12562: 12561: 12558: 12555: 12552: 12551: 12548: 12545: 12542: 12541: 12538: 12535: 12532: 12531: 12528: 12526: 12521: 12515: 12512: 12509: 12508: 12505: 12502: 12499: 12498: 12495: 12489: 12486: 12485: 12482: 12478:Fernando Poo 12476: 12473: 12472: 12469: 12466: 12463: 12462: 12458: 12454: 12451: 12450: 12446: 12442: 12439: 12438: 12435: 12432: 12429: 12428: 12425: 12422: 12419: 12418: 12415: 12413: 12408: 12407: 12401: 12394: 12390: 12385: 12368: 12361: 12355: 12352: 12351: 12348: 12342: 12339: 12338: 12335: 12329: 12326: 12325: 12322: 12316: 12313: 12312: 12309: 12303: 12300: 12299: 12296: 12290: 12287: 12286: 12283: 12277: 12274: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12263: 12257: 12254: 12251: 12250: 12247: 12241: 12238: 12237: 12234: 12231: 12228: 12227: 12224: 12218: 12215: 12214: 12211: 12208: 12205: 12204: 12201: 12195: 12192: 12191: 12188: 12182: 12179: 12178: 12175: 12172: 12169: 12168: 12165: 12163: 12158: 12157: 12151: 12144: 12140: 12136: 12129: 12124: 12122: 12117: 12115: 12110: 12109: 12106: 12099: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12084: 12081: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12069: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12053: 12050: 12049: 12044: 12039: 12024: 12022:1-74059-421-5 12018: 12014: 12013: 12007: 12003: 12002: 11996: 11992: 11990:3-87294-202-6 11986: 11982: 11977: 11976: 11969: 11958: 11956:0-299-07450-1 11952: 11948: 11947: 11941: 11937: 11931: 11927: 11922: 11918: 11912: 11908: 11907: 11901: 11897: 11891: 11888:. Routledge. 11887: 11886: 11880: 11869: 11863: 11858: 11857: 11850: 11846: 11840: 11836: 11835: 11829: 11825: 11819: 11815: 11814: 11808: 11804: 11802:81-7022-259-1 11798: 11794: 11793: 11787: 11783: 11777: 11773: 11772: 11766: 11762: 11756: 11752: 11751: 11745: 11741: 11735: 11730: 11729: 11722: 11712:on 2013-02-04 11711: 11707: 11706: 11700: 11696: 11694:0-415-09085-7 11690: 11687:. Routledge. 11686: 11685: 11679: 11675: 11673:0-8018-5955-7 11669: 11665: 11664: 11658: 11654: 11650: 11646: 11645: 11639: 11635: 11633:972-8047-75-4 11629: 11625: 11624: 11618: 11614: 11608: 11604: 11603: 11597: 11593: 11591:0-333-57689-6 11587: 11583: 11578: 11575: 11571: 11569:0-7011-6834-X 11565: 11561: 11556: 11552: 11550:0-521-25713-1 11546: 11542: 11541: 11535: 11531: 11525: 11521: 11516: 11515: 11508: 11505: 11502: 11498: 11492: 11488: 11483: 11472: 11468: 11466:1-57607-335-1 11462: 11458: 11457: 11451: 11447: 11441: 11437: 11436: 11430: 11426: 11420: 11416: 11415: 11409: 11405: 11403:9780313262579 11399: 11396:. Greenwood. 11395: 11394: 11388: 11384: 11378: 11373: 11372: 11365: 11361: 11355: 11351: 11350: 11344: 11340: 11338:0-415-23979-6 11334: 11331:. Routledge. 11330: 11329: 11323: 11319: 11313: 11309: 11304: 11303: 11296: 11292: 11286: 11282: 11281: 11275: 11271: 11265: 11261: 11260: 11254: 11250: 11244: 11240: 11239: 11233: 11229: 11223: 11219: 11218: 11212: 11208: 11206:0-8166-1216-1 11202: 11197: 11196: 11189: 11185: 11179: 11175: 11174: 11168: 11164: 11158: 11154: 11153: 11147: 11143: 11141:9780807838839 11137: 11133: 11132: 11126: 11122: 11116: 11112: 11111: 11105: 11101: 11099:9780521116343 11095: 11091: 11090: 11084: 11080: 11078:0-313-31106-4 11074: 11070: 11069: 11063: 11061: 11057: 11053: 11049: 11047:0-521-29929-2 11043: 11038: 11037: 11030: 11026: 11020: 11016: 11015: 11009: 11005: 11003:9780887291302 10999: 10995: 10994: 10988: 10984: 10982:9780226467085 10978: 10974: 10973: 10967: 10963: 10957: 10953: 10952: 10946: 10942: 10940:9789048133246 10936: 10932: 10931: 10925: 10921: 10919:9780300078008 10915: 10911: 10910: 10904: 10900: 10894: 10890: 10889: 10883: 10880: 10876: 10874:9781143225352 10870: 10866: 10865: 10859: 10848: 10844: 10842:9780521770651 10838: 10834: 10833: 10827: 10823: 10821:0-224-60284-5 10817: 10812: 10811: 10804: 10801: 10797: 10793: 10787: 10783: 10782: 10776: 10772: 10766: 10763:. Routledge. 10762: 10761: 10755: 10751: 10745: 10741: 10740: 10734: 10730: 10724: 10720: 10719: 10713: 10709: 10707:9780719008764 10703: 10699: 10698: 10692: 10688: 10682: 10678: 10673: 10672: 10665: 10661: 10655: 10651: 10646: 10642: 10636: 10632: 10627: 10623: 10617: 10613: 10612: 10606: 10602: 10600:9780195140736 10596: 10592: 10591: 10586: 10582: 10578: 10576:0-8166-0713-3 10572: 10568: 10563: 10562: 10555: 10551: 10545: 10541: 10536: 10534: 10530: 10527: 10526:online review 10523: 10519: 10516: 10512: 10508: 10506:9781604975291 10502: 10498: 10497: 10491: 10487: 10481: 10477: 10476: 10470: 10466: 10464:9780804733595 10460: 10456: 10455: 10449: 10445: 10439: 10435: 10434: 10428: 10424: 10418: 10415:. JHU Press. 10414: 10413: 10407: 10403: 10401:0-09-131071-7 10397: 10392: 10391: 10385: 10381: 10377: 10375:9780230344266 10371: 10367: 10366: 10360: 10356: 10350: 10346: 10341: 10337: 10331: 10327: 10326: 10320: 10316: 10310: 10306: 10305: 10299: 10295: 10293:0-313-31106-4 10289: 10285: 10284: 10278: 10267: 10263: 10261:0-300-09314-4 10257: 10253: 10252: 10246: 10242: 10236: 10232: 10231: 10225: 10214: 10208: 10204: 10203: 10197: 10193: 10191:9780195337709 10187: 10183: 10182: 10176: 10172: 10166: 10162: 10161: 10155: 10151: 10145: 10142:. Routledge. 10141: 10140: 10134: 10130: 10124: 10120: 10115: 10114: 10089:on 2009-01-09 10088: 10084: 10078: 10070: 10064: 10060: 10056: 10055: 10047: 10031: 10027: 10023: 10017: 10015: 10005: 9991:on 2010-10-12 9990: 9986: 9980: 9974: 9969: 9954: 9950: 9944: 9935: 9919: 9915: 9914: 9909: 9903: 9887: 9883: 9877: 9871: 9870: 9865: 9861: 9858: 9853: 9838: 9834: 9828: 9812: 9808: 9802: 9795: 9790: 9774: 9770: 9763: 9756: 9755:Time Magazine 9752: 9747: 9732: 9728: 9726:9780190277734 9722: 9718: 9714: 9710: 9706: 9699: 9693:, p. 153 9692: 9691:Anderson 2000 9687: 9685: 9678: 9673: 9667: 9662: 9647: 9641: 9637: 9636: 9628: 9621: 9615: 9607: 9603: 9597: 9582: 9578: 9572: 9564: 9560: 9553: 9547:, p. 128 9546: 9541: 9525: 9521: 9515: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9495: 9491: 9487: 9483: 9479: 9475: 9471: 9464: 9457: 9452: 9446:, p. 134 9445: 9440: 9438: 9436: 9428: 9423: 9416: 9411: 9396: 9390: 9386: 9385: 9377: 9361: 9357: 9356: 9348: 9341: 9336: 9327: 9318: 9312:, p. 298 9311: 9306: 9297: 9290: 9285: 9278: 9273: 9264: 9257: 9252: 9245: 9240: 9233: 9228: 9219: 9218:10400.5/26870 9214: 9209: 9204: 9200: 9196: 9192: 9185: 9170: 9164: 9160: 9159: 9151: 9145:, p. 131 9144: 9139: 9133:, p. 288 9132: 9127: 9120: 9115: 9108: 9103: 9101: 9094:, p. 203 9093: 9088: 9081: 9076: 9074: 9067:, p. 168 9066: 9061: 9055: 9050: 9044: 9039: 9032: 9028: 9022: 9016:, p. 330 9015: 9010: 9001: 8986: 8984:0-8122-1845-0 8980: 8976: 8975: 8967: 8960: 8954: 8947: 8941: 8927: 8921: 8917: 8916: 8908: 8894: 8888: 8884: 8883: 8875: 8869:, p. 350 8868: 8863: 8856: 8850: 8844:, p. 169 8843: 8838: 8831: 8825: 8818: 8813: 8798: 8792: 8788: 8787: 8779: 8764: 8758: 8754: 8749: 8748: 8739: 8730: 8729: 8721: 8713: 8712: 8704: 8698:, p. 200 8697: 8692: 8684: 8673: 8669: 8665: 8661: 8657: 8653: 8651: 8645: 8639: 8625:on 2008-07-20 8624: 8620: 8613: 8607:, p. 186 8606: 8601: 8599: 8592:, p. 163 8591: 8586: 8580:, p. 250 8579: 8578:Lockhart 1983 8574: 8568:, p. 159 8567: 8562: 8556:, p. 105 8555: 8554:Anderson 2000 8550: 8543: 8538: 8536: 8529:, p. 386 8528: 8523: 8516: 8515:Anderson 2000 8511: 8504: 8499: 8492: 8491:Boyajian 2008 8487: 8485: 8478:, p. 177 8477: 8472: 8465: 8464:Schwartz 1973 8460: 8453: 8448: 8439: 8432: 8427: 8425: 8417: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8400: 8395: 8388: 8383: 8381: 8371: 8365:, p. 185 8364: 8359: 8352: 8347: 8341:, p. 246 8340: 8335: 8329:, p. 496 8328: 8327:Bakewell 2009 8323: 8316: 8315:Lockhart 1983 8311: 8304: 8299: 8293:, p. 255 8292: 8287: 8280: 8275: 8260: 8254: 8250: 8249: 8241: 8235:, p. 310 8234: 8229: 8223:, p. 694 8222: 8217: 8210: 8205: 8198: 8193: 8187:, p. 254 8186: 8181: 8179: 8171: 8166: 8159: 8154: 8146: 8140: 8135: 8133: 8131: 8121: 8115:, p. 214 8114: 8109: 8103:, p. 116 8102: 8097: 8091:, p. 464 8090: 8085: 8078: 8073: 8066: 8062: 8060:9780275968960 8056: 8052: 8045: 8037: 8035:9780190615093 8031: 8027: 8020: 8014:, p. 195 8013: 8008: 8001: 8000:0-415-32379-7 7997: 7991: 7983: 7977: 7974:. MIT Press. 7972: 7971: 7962: 7955: 7950: 7943: 7938: 7929: 7923:, p. 175 7922: 7917: 7915: 7907: 7902: 7895: 7894:Thornton 2000 7890: 7884:, p. 207 7883: 7878: 7876: 7866: 7860:, p. 121 7859: 7854: 7848:Black, p. 102 7845: 7836: 7827: 7818: 7809: 7807: 7799: 7795: 7792: 7791: 7784: 7776: 7770: 7766: 7765: 7757: 7751:, p. 138 7750: 7745: 7738: 7733: 7726: 7721: 7719: 7712:, p. 125 7711: 7706: 7697: 7690: 7685: 7677: 7671: 7667: 7663: 7656: 7649: 7644: 7638:, p. 339 7637: 7636:Whiteway 1899 7632: 7626:, p. 226 7625: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7608: 7603: 7589:on 2012-12-25 7588: 7584: 7578: 7572: 7571:0-521-24333-5 7568: 7564: 7560: 7557: 7551: 7536: 7532: 7528: 7522: 7508:on 2013-01-30 7507: 7503: 7497: 7488: 7479: 7471: 7465: 7461: 7460: 7452: 7444: 7438: 7434: 7433: 7425: 7417: 7411: 7407: 7406: 7398: 7390: 7384: 7380: 7373: 7364: 7356: 7350: 7346: 7345: 7337: 7328: 7320: 7314: 7310: 7309: 7301: 7292: 7285: 7280: 7274:, p. 202 7273: 7268: 7261: 7256: 7249: 7244: 7237: 7236:Kratoska 2004 7232: 7230: 7222: 7221:Ricklefs 1991 7217: 7211:, p. 291 7210: 7205: 7199:, p. 220 7198: 7197:de Souza 1990 7193: 7187:, p. 130 7186: 7181: 7179: 7171: 7166: 7160:, p. 238 7159: 7154: 7148:, p. 129 7147: 7142: 7135: 7130: 7123: 7118: 7111: 7106: 7104: 7096: 7091: 7084: 7079: 7072: 7067: 7061:, p. 128 7060: 7055: 7048: 7043: 7037:, p. 207 7036: 7031: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7002: 6995: 6990: 6983: 6978: 6971: 6966: 6959: 6954: 6947: 6942: 6935: 6930: 6924:, p. 176 6923: 6918: 6912:, p. 174 6911: 6906: 6900:, p. 165 6899: 6894: 6887: 6882: 6875: 6874:Anderson 2000 6870: 6863: 6858: 6851: 6850:Anderson 2000 6846: 6839: 6834: 6828:, p. 156 6827: 6822: 6816:, p. 273 6815: 6810: 6804:, p. 138 6803: 6798: 6792:, p. 232 6791: 6786: 6779: 6774: 6768:, p. 482 6767: 6762: 6755: 6749: 6743:, p. 469 6742: 6737: 6730: 6725: 6718: 6713: 6706: 6701: 6693: 6687: 6682: 6675: 6670: 6663: 6657: 6650: 6645: 6638: 6637:Anderson 2000 6633: 6626: 6621: 6614: 6609: 6607: 6599: 6594: 6587: 6582: 6575: 6570: 6568: 6560: 6555: 6553: 6545: 6540: 6534:, p. 301 6533: 6528: 6522:, p. 894 6521: 6516: 6509: 6504: 6498:, p. 481 6497: 6492: 6488: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6433: 6430: 6428: 6425: 6423: 6420: 6418: 6415: 6413: 6410: 6409: 6399: 6395: 6389: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6372: 6366: 6361: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6341: 6333:Trading posts 6306: 6301: 6297: 6290: 6285: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6267: 6266: 6261: 6260: 6255: 6251: 6247: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6221: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6197: 6193: 6189: 6185: 6181: 6177: 6173: 6168: 6166: 6162: 6158: 6152: 6150: 6146: 6141: 6139: 6135: 6131: 6127: 6123: 6119: 6114: 6112: 6106: 6104: 6100: 6092: 6088: 6079: 6077: 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6030: 6025: 6021: 6016: 6014: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5974: 5968: 5966: 5962: 5956: 5953: 5949: 5948:Daman and Diu 5945: 5941: 5936: 5933: 5929: 5925: 5920: 5916: 5908: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5883: 5879: 5875: 5865: 5863: 5859: 5855: 5854:Guinea-Bissau 5851: 5847: 5842: 5840: 5836: 5832: 5828: 5824: 5819: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5792: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5743: 5741: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5725: 5716: 5707: 5705: 5704:Roberto Ivens 5701: 5697: 5692: 5691:South America 5688: 5680: 5676: 5671: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5652: 5648: 5644: 5640: 5630: 5628: 5624: 5619: 5617: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5601: 5600:Queen Maria I 5597: 5596:prince regent 5593: 5589: 5581: 5577: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5542: 5538: 5536: 5532: 5528: 5524: 5520: 5515: 5513: 5512:Enlightenment 5508: 5504: 5500: 5496: 5492: 5488: 5479: 5469: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5455: 5450: 5446: 5444: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5427: 5423: 5419: 5409: 5405: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5385: 5383: 5374: 5370: 5368: 5364: 5359: 5358: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5341: 5336: 5331: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5316: 5312: 5308: 5304: 5300: 5299:Chimnaji Appa 5295: 5293: 5289: 5288:Iberian Union 5284: 5280: 5272: 5268: 5263: 5259: 5257: 5252: 5243: 5238: 5234: 5224: 5222: 5218: 5214: 5211:in 1650. The 5210: 5206: 5202: 5198: 5194: 5189: 5187: 5183: 5179: 5175: 5171: 5167: 5163: 5155: 5151: 5146: 5142: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5124: 5116: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5094: 5090: 5086: 5085:Madre de Deus 5082: 5078: 5073: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5054: 5050: 5048: 5047:Habsburg rule 5044: 5040: 5036: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5011: 5005: 5003: 4999: 4995: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4982:Iberian Union 4980: 4976: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4948: 4944: 4939: 4934: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4916: 4915:Iberian Union 4906: 4904: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4891:Estácio de Sá 4888: 4882: 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4848: 4844: 4843:Guanabara Bay 4840: 4836: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4820: 4815: 4813: 4809: 4805: 4804:Tomé de Sousa 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4785: 4780: 4778: 4773: 4772:captain-major 4769: 4765: 4761: 4753: 4748: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4733: 4729: 4724: 4722: 4718: 4714: 4710: 4700: 4697: 4693: 4689: 4685: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4654:Based on the 4649: 4644: 4634: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4553: 4551: 4546: 4542: 4541: 4535: 4533: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4515: 4512:vassal state 4511: 4506: 4504: 4500: 4496: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4479: 4471: 4467: 4462: 4453: 4451: 4446: 4442: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4406:. The Sultan 4405: 4401: 4397: 4392: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4370: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4354: 4350: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4337:Ajuran Empire 4330: 4325: 4319: 4315: 4311: 4306: 4302: 4298: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4282: 4278: 4274: 4270: 4266: 4256: 4254: 4250: 4246: 4242: 4238: 4234: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4173: 4170: 4163: 4159: 4154: 4150: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4132: 4128: 4125: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4105:Lantau Island 4102: 4098: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4083: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4060: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4036: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3993: 3988: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3974: 3970: 3966: 3961: 3959: 3955: 3954:St. Catherine 3951: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3932: 3930: 3929:Arabian horse 3925: 3921: 3917: 3909: 3904: 3897: 3892: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3835: 3830: 3826: 3819: 3814: 3811:routes (blue) 3810: 3806: 3800: 3795: 3794: 3793: 3790: 3785: 3783: 3782:Battle of Diu 3779: 3778:Almeida's son 3775: 3771: 3767: 3763: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3735: 3731: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3715: 3707: 3703: 3702: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3669: 3665: 3661: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3630:, Kochi) and 3629: 3625: 3621: 3617: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3600: 3594: 3590: 3586: 3577: 3573: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3549: 3545: 3541: 3540:Vasco da Gama 3533: 3529: 3528:Vasco da Gama 3525: 3520: 3516: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3494: 3492: 3491:Vasco da Gama 3489:commanded by 3488: 3482: 3480: 3476: 3472: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3434: 3425: 3423: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3396: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3307: 3302: 3298: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3283:Expansion of 3281: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3251: 3250:Elmina Castle 3246: 3242: 3240: 3236: 3232: 3227: 3223: 3222: 3217: 3216: 3212: 3208: 3204: 3200: 3190: 3187: 3177: 3176:Vasco da Gama 3167: 3151: 3147: 3138: 3134: 3132: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3105: 3102: 3096: 3090: 3086: 3076: 3073: 3069: 3061: 3057: 3052: 3048: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3012: 3007: 3001: 2986: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2956: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2933: 2929: 2925: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2868:) and China ( 2867: 2863: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2832: 2828: 2824: 2823:Iberian Union 2820: 2816: 2812: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2795: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2784:Vasco da Gama 2781: 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2705: 2700: 2695: 2690: 2685: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2654: 2651: 2649: 2646: 2644: 2641: 2640: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2594: 2593:Angola (1907) 2591: 2589: 2586: 2585: 2581: 2580: 2577: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2567: 2564: 2562: 2559: 2557: 2554: 2552: 2549: 2547: 2544: 2542: 2539: 2537: 2534: 2533: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2520: 2517: 2515: 2512: 2508: 2505: 2504: 2503: 2500: 2498: 2497:Brazil (1756) 2495: 2493: 2490: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2480: 2478: 2475: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2467:Angola (1723) 2465: 2463: 2462:Brazil (1711) 2460: 2458: 2457:Brazil (1710) 2455: 2453: 2450: 2449: 2445: 2444: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2430:Angola (1681) 2428: 2426: 2425:Angola (1671) 2423: 2421: 2420:Angola (1670) 2418: 2416: 2415:Angola (1670) 2413: 2411: 2410:Brazil (1666) 2408: 2406: 2405:Angola (1665) 2403: 2401: 2400:Margão (1659) 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2375:Arabia (1650) 2373: 2371: 2370:Brazil (1649) 2368: 2366: 2365:Brazil (1648) 2363: 2361: 2360:Angola (1647) 2358: 2356: 2355:Brazil (1645) 2353: 2351: 2350:Brazil (1645) 2348: 2346: 2343: 2341: 2340:Brazil (1641) 2338: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2321: 2320:Brazil (1640) 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2305:Brazil (1638) 2303: 2301: 2298: 2296: 2293: 2291: 2290:Brazil (1636) 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2280:Arabia (1633) 2278: 2276: 2275:Bengal (1632) 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2265:Brazil (1631) 2263: 2261: 2258: 2256: 2255:Brazil (1630) 2253: 2251: 2248: 2246: 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2230:Brazil (1625) 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2220:Angola (1624) 2218: 2216: 2215:Brazil (1624) 2213: 2211: 2210:Angola (1623) 2208: 2206: 2205:Angola (1622) 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2176: 2175:Jaffna (1619) 2173: 2171: 2168: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2146: 2143: 2141: 2138: 2136: 2133: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2118:Jaffna (1591) 2116: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2083:Arabia (1581) 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2071: 2069: 2066: 2064: 2061: 2059: 2056: 2054: 2051: 2049: 2046: 2044: 2041: 2039: 2036: 2034: 2031: 2029: 2026: 2024: 2021: 2019: 2018:Brazil (1567) 2016: 2014: 2011: 2009: 2006: 2004: 2001: 1999: 1996: 1994: 1993:Jaffna (1560) 1991: 1989: 1986: 1984: 1983:Brazil (1558) 1981: 1979: 1976: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1964: 1961: 1959: 1956: 1954: 1951: 1949: 1948:Arabia (1548) 1946: 1944: 1943:Arabia (1548) 1941: 1939: 1936: 1934: 1931: 1929: 1926: 1924: 1921: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1909: 1906: 1904: 1901: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1864: 1861: 1859: 1856: 1854: 1851: 1849: 1846: 1844: 1841: 1839: 1836: 1834: 1831: 1829: 1826: 1824: 1821: 1819: 1816: 1814: 1811: 1809: 1806: 1804: 1801: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1789: 1786: 1784: 1781: 1779: 1776: 1774: 1771: 1769: 1766: 1764: 1761: 1759: 1758:Arabia (1523) 1756: 1754: 1751: 1749: 1746: 1744: 1741: 1739: 1736: 1734: 1731: 1729: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1719: 1716: 1714: 1711: 1709: 1706: 1704: 1701: 1699: 1696: 1694: 1691: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1674: 1671: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1654: 1653:Arabia (1507) 1651: 1649: 1646: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1587: 1584: 1582: 1579: 1577: 1576:Guinea (1478) 1574: 1572: 1569: 1567: 1564: 1562: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1547: 1544: 1542: 1539: 1537: 1534: 1533: 1529: 1528: 1525: 1520: 1510: 1505: 1503: 1498: 1496: 1491: 1490: 1487: 1476: 1471: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1456: 1454: 1453: 1450: 1440: 1439: 1436: 1433: 1432: 1425: 1422: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1413: 1408: 1407: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1382: 1378: 1373: 1368: 1367: 1357: 1354: 1349: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1339: 1336: 1334: 1333: 1329: 1327: 1324: 1323: 1320: 1315: 1314: 1307: 1304: 1302: 1301: 1297: 1295: 1292: 1290: 1289: 1285: 1284: 1281: 1276: 1275: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1249: 1246: 1241: 1240: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1186: 1185: 1178: 1175: 1173: 1172:Iberian Union 1170: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1152:House of Aviz 1150: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1128: 1125: 1123: 1120: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1089: 1086: 1081: 1080: 1073: 1070: 1068: 1065: 1063: 1060: 1058: 1055: 1053: 1050: 1048: 1045: 1043: 1040: 1038: 1035: 1033: 1030: 1029: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1002: 1001: 996: 991: 990: 983: 980: 978:Today part of 976: 960: 958: 957:Dutch Malacca 955: 954: 946: 944: 941: 940: 932: 930: 927: 926: 918: 916: 913: 912: 904: 902: 899: 898: 890: 888: 885: 884: 876: 874: 871: 870: 862: 860: 857: 856: 848: 846: 843: 842: 834: 832: 829: 828: 820: 818: 815: 814: 806: 804: 803:Guinea-Bissau 801: 800: 792: 790: 787: 786: 778: 776: 773: 772: 764: 762: 759: 758: 750: 748: 745: 744: 741: 735: 732: 725: 724: 721: 718: 711: 710: 707: 704: 697: 696: 693: 690: 683: 682: 679: 676: 669: 668: 665: 662: 655: 654: 651: 648: 641: 640: 637: 634: 627: 626: 623: 620: 613: 612: 609: 606: 599: 598: 595: 592: 585: 584: 581: 578: 571: 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15596:Neo-Assyrian 15581:Neo-Sumerian 15410:Architecture 15382:Prostitution 15347:Homelessness 15327:Demographics 15243:Central bank 15185:Human rights 15150:Constitution 15003:Overseas War 14968:Liberal Wars 14912: 14875: 14689: 14685:Sebastianism 14636: 14629: 14565:Mafra Palace 14560:Évora Palace 14540:Belém Palace 14535:Ajuda Palace 14511: 14485:Royal houses 14432:April Revolt 14427:Vilafrancada 14345:Major events 14228: 14181:19th century 14180: 14178: 14138:18th century 14137: 14135: 14107:17th century 14106: 14104: 13996:16th century 13995: 13993: 13959: 13916:16th century 13915: 13913: 13901: 13900: 13887: 13886: 13875:15th century 13874: 13872: 13827: 13804:20th century 13803: 13801: 13759:19th century 13758: 13756: 13727:17th century 13726: 13724: 13617:16th century 13616: 13614: 13580: 13560:18th century 13559: 13557: 13537:17th century 13536: 13534: 13235:(Nagapatnam) 13155:16th century 13154: 13152: 13128:15th century 13127: 13125: 13091: 12993:17th century 12992: 12990: 12962:Tarut Island 12833:16th century 12832: 12830: 12818:Middle East 12784:Anosy Region 12761: 12733:19th century 12732: 12730: 12699:18th century 12698: 12696: 12656:17th century 12655: 12653: 12557:Saint Helena 12525:16th century 12524: 12522: 12412:15th century 12411: 12409: 12366: 12267:16th century 12266: 12264: 12162:15th century 12161: 12159: 12147:North Africa 12134: 12052:Online books 12042: 12011: 12000: 11974: 11960:. 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Retrieved 7010: 7001: 6989: 6984:, p. 76 6977: 6972:, p. 75 6965: 6960:, p. 13 6953: 6941: 6936:, p. 36 6929: 6917: 6905: 6893: 6881: 6876:, p. 55 6869: 6864:, p. 47 6857: 6852:, p. 59 6845: 6833: 6821: 6809: 6797: 6785: 6780:, p. 84 6773: 6766:Ponting 2000 6761: 6753: 6748: 6736: 6731:, p. 79 6724: 6712: 6707:, p. 29 6700: 6688:, p. 33 6681: 6676:, p. 68 6669: 6661: 6656: 6651:, p. 60 6644: 6639:, p. 50 6632: 6620: 6615:, p. 55 6600:, p. 21 6593: 6581: 6576:, p. 19 6561:, p. 19 6539: 6527: 6515: 6510:, p. xv 6508:Brockey 2008 6503: 6491: 6377:, alongside 6352:Se Cathedral 6318:Explorations 6277: 6272: 6263: 6257: 6245: 6234: 6223: 6211: 6203: 6195: 6187: 6182:, Bulgarian 6172:sweet orange 6169: 6153: 6142: 6115: 6107: 6096: 6053: 6036: 6017: 6004: 5992: 5969: 5957: 5915:World War II 5912: 5843: 5814: 5794: 5759:Manuel Buíça 5751:assassinated 5744: 5721: 5684: 5657:Liberal Wars 5620: 5607: 5585: 5539: 5519:Minas Gerais 5516: 5484: 5466: 5462: 5451: 5447: 5431: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5414: 5394:Minas Gerais 5391: 5379: 5360: 5338: 5332: 5296: 5276: 5266: 5248: 5190: 5166:Dutch Empire 5159: 5130: 5120: 5114: 5074: 5062: 5059: 5032: 5010:bandeirantes 5006: 4952: 4902: 4898: 4883: 4816: 4799: 4781: 4756: 4725: 4706: 4686:was granted 4653: 4609: 4589:António Mota 4574: 4538: 4536: 4507: 4475: 4393: 4334: 4289:Bandar Abbas 4285:Qeshm Island 4226: 4217:Japan voyage 4174: 4166: 4086: 4078: 4055:Nanban trade 4038: 4012: 3997: 3992:mare clausum 3962: 3933: 3922:, after the 3913: 3907: 3786: 3759: 3728:in 1506 and 3711: 3699: 3698:The carrack 3635: 3627: 3615: 3598: 3582: 3566:Indian Ocean 3559: 3537: 3483: 3457: 3419: 3392: 3321:Fernão Gomes 3319:to merchant 3310: 3282: 3270:Sierra Leone 3255: 3219: 3215:Dum Diversas 3213: 3199:Cape Bojador 3196: 3182: 3123:Prester John 3115:Cape Bojador 3098: 3065: 3036: 3009: 3003: 2946:and of many 2927: 2914:annexed the 2892:dictatorship 2889: 2882: 2843: 2808: 2796: 2778:rounded the 2749: 2715:, and later 2698: 2688: 2667: 2665: 2633:India (1961) 2628:India (1954) 2582:20th century 2566:China (1849) 2556:China (1846) 2530:19th century 2492:India (1752) 2487:India (1746) 2482:India (1746) 2452:India (1704) 2446:18th century 2435:India (1693) 2315:India (1639) 2300:India (1638) 2260:Jambi (1630) 2200:China (1622) 2155:India (1612) 2129:17th century 2078:India (1581) 2013:Japan (1565) 1998:Japan (1561) 1988:India (1559) 1933:India (1547) 1928:India (1546) 1833:Tunis (1535) 1813:India (1531) 1783:India (1526) 1748:China (1521) 1673:India (1510) 1668:India (1509) 1663:India (1508) 1643:India (1507) 1633:India (1506) 1628:India (1506) 1613:India (1504) 1597:16th century 1530:15th century 1516: 1330: 1298: 1286: 1222:Liberal Wars 1161: 901:Dutch Ceylon 594:Ming Dynasty 464:Succeeded by 463: 458: 72:Coat of arms 29: 17478:World War I 17468:Nationalism 17356:Reformation 17341:Renaissance 17313:Black Death 17246:Kievan Rus' 17149:Middle Ages 16343:Khwarezmian 16276:Carolingian 16081:Rashtrakuta 15785:Shaishunaga 15684:Hellenistic 15667:New Kingdom 15657:Old Kingdom 15357:Immigration 15332:Drug policy 15238:Agriculture 15114:Earthquakes 14998:Estado Novo 14988:World War I 14918:Renaissance 14826:Lusitanians 14816:Oestriminis 14575:Pena Palace 14219:Upper Peru 14193:Cisplatina 13951:Nova Scotia 13928:Terra Nova 13517:(Sri Lanka) 13408:Cranganore 13267:(Kozhikode) 13220:Pallipuram 13005:Khor Fakkan 12958:1521?–1551? 12782:A factory ( 12320:(El Jadida) 12294:(Essaouira) 12222:(El Jadida) 11909:. Praeger. 10036:11 December 9892:16 December 9444:Lisboa 2008 9415:Newitt 1995 9201:(1): 1–22. 8650:Navigations 8590:Newitt 2005 8566:Thomas 1997 8505:, p. 8 8452:Marley 2008 8431:Marley 2008 8416:Treece 2000 8399:Marley 2008 8387:Marley 2008 8221:Marley 2008 8209:Marley 2005 8197:Marley 2008 8170:Marley 2008 8158:Marley 2008 7812:Abir, p. 86 7749:Mathew 1988 7609:, p. 5 7260:Newitt 2005 7049:, p. 2 6862:Newitt 2005 6719:, p. 9 6649:Coates 2002 6598:Newitt 2005 6588:, p. 4 6559:Newitt 2005 6544:Newitt 2005 6294:Map of the 6248:. Also, in 6237:), Turkish 6235:p'ort'oxali 6206:), Persian 5981:Estado Novo 5773:World War I 5747:Luís Filipe 5696:Serpa Pinto 5623:Dom Pedro I 5491:captaincies 5439:manumission 5398:Mato Grosso 5384:and sugar. 5205:Al-Ya'arubs 5184:as well as 5026:, from the 4861:, Scottish 4760:captaincies 4736:São Vicente 4621:Catholicism 4597:Tanegashima 4567:requesting 4464:Portuguese 4359:, however, 4035:Hugli River 4017:discovered 3973:Abyssinians 3916:East Indies 3809:spice trade 3688:Trincomalee 3674:. Although 3666:arrived in 3442:of Portugal 3407:land-locked 3389:(1415–1769) 3375:, near the 3357:Congo River 3218:(1452) and 3211:papal bulls 3129:(1419) and 3119:spice trade 3011:reconquista 3008:lay in the 2938:and to the 2928:Estado Novo 2890:Estado Novo 2774:. In 1488, 2772:spice trade 2760:Reconquista 2135:Java (1601) 1788:Java (1527) 1359:(2020–2023) 1351:(2010–2014) 1300:Estado Novo 1117:Reconquista 1004:History of 459:Preceded by 148:(1910–1999) 142:(1415–1910) 103:(1808–1821) 17600:Categories 17241:Viking Age 17056:Prehistory 16913:Portuguese 16794:Revival Le 16784:Vietnamese 16427:Later Tran 16397:Vietnamese 16293:Singhasari 16281:Holy Roman 15905:Bulgarian 15841:Satavahana 15812:Phoenician 15748:Achaemenid 15709:Indo-Greek 15689:Macedonian 15603:Babylonian 15432:Literature 15202:Parliament 15165:Government 14993:28 de Maio 14861:Al-Andalus 14528:residences 14517:(disputed) 13947:1516–1579? 13937:1500–1579? 13924:1500–1579? 13795:Ilha Verde 13745:East Timor 13431:Tuticorin 13327:Chittagong 13233:Negapatam 13184:Cannanore 13113:South Asia 12948:1521–1529? 12917:1515–1633? 12793:from 1879. 12776:from 1753. 12668:Ziguinchor 12600:Madagascar 12434:Cape Verde 12333:(Azemmour) 12015:. Ibrasa. 11716:2012-11-29 11653:B0006BWO3O 11477:2020-10-03 10853:2016-05-16 10272:2015-06-18 10093:2010-04-21 9995:2010-08-12 9959:2010-08-12 9843:2010-04-26 9737:2022-03-22 9587:2014-08-06 9065:Boxer 1969 9014:Ahmed 2011 8931:2017-08-27 8898:2017-08-27 8678:2022-03-26 8662:: 81–116. 8629:2009-05-08 8527:Boxer 1969 8476:Kamen 1999 8363:Ladle 2000 7774:0275988767 7624:Dodge 1976 7607:Jesus 1902 7593:2013-04-18 7541:2013-05-03 7512:2013-04-18 7209:Mehta 1980 7021:2014-09-01 6934:Boxer 1969 6802:White 2005 6778:Davis 2006 6705:Boxer 1969 6574:Boxer 1969 6478:References 6371:Portuguese 6259:portogallo 6254:Neapolitan 6224:bourtouqal 6163:people in 6134:East Timor 6113:in Macau. 6037:retornados 6033:East Timor 6024:Mozambique 6005:retornados 6001:Mozambique 5862:Mozambique 5846:Cape Verde 5527:Tiradentes 5454:earthquake 5382:brazilwood 5328:Portuguese 5203:under the 5154:Pernambuco 5131:Itinerario 5115:Itinerario 5111:Linschoten 4977:rule in a 4931:See also: 4867:Gloria Bay 4800:capitanias 4796:sugar cane 4788:sugar cane 4784:Pernambuco 4768:Cape Verde 4660:John Cabot 4495:Gelawdewos 4263:See also: 4127:arquebuses 4049:See also: 4027:Chittagong 4019:New Guinea 3924:Cape route 3876:See also: 3738:Madagascar 3720:conquered 3646:appointed 3608:Tangasseri 3604:Fort Kochi 3561:pau-brasil 3446:of Castile 3369:Cape Cross 3339:, a large 3278:Cape Verde 3272:, and the 3256:The first 3093:See also: 2864:in India ( 2809:When King 2672:Portuguese 1718:Goa (1517) 1190:Bragantine 1097:Al-Andalus 817:Cape Verde 789:Mozambique 199:Presidents 133:Government 112:Portuguese 48:Portuguese 17288:Feudalism 17259:Catalonia 16906:Couronian 16544:Ethiopian 16532:Manchukuo 16487:Brazilian 16333:Ghaznavid 16303:Srivijaya 16254:Trebizond 16239:Byzantine 16221:North Sea 16216:Norwegian 16204:Almoravid 16187:Ilkhanate 16157:Majapahit 16130:Muromachi 16039:Solomonic 16024:Ethiopian 15938:Caliphate 15871:Aragonese 15699:Ptolemaic 15442:Monuments 15362:Languages 15337:Education 15296:Transport 15212:President 15170:Judiciary 15155:Elections 15119:Volcanoes 15084:Mountains 15067:Geography 14856:Visigoths 14836:Gallaecia 14831:Lusitania 14680:Miguelism 14221:(Bolivia) 14202:1809–1817 14195:(Uruguay) 14189:1808–1822 14166:1772–1775 14156:1772–1775 14146:1751–1772 14125:1680–1777 14115:1621–1751 14092:1536–1620 14004:1500–1822 13820:(Hengqin) 13735:1642–1975 13714:1580–1586 13704:1557–1999 13698:Larantuka 13694:1515–1859 13684:1512–1665 13635:1512–1621 13625:1511–1641 13524:1558–1573 13511:1518–1658 13501:1518–1521 13454:Mangalore 13281:(Pulicat) 13199:1659–1661 13136:1498–1545 13071:1624–1648 13021:1621–1622 12978:1588–1648 12968:1550–1551 12927:1521–1602 12897:1515–1650 12877:1515–1648 12864:1515–1622 12854:1507–1643 12841:1506–1615 12751:1885–1974 12741:1879–1974 12720:1753–1975 12713:(Mombasa) 12711:Mombassa 12707:1728–1729 12684:1687–1974 12674:1680–1961 12664:1645–1888 12644:(Mombasa) 12642:Mombassa 12638:1593–1698 12626:1588–1974 12616:1575–1975 12606:1557–1578 12596:1508–1547 12586:1506–1511 12573:1505–1512 12563:1503–1698 12553:1502–1659 12543:1501–1975 12533:1500–1630 12510:1498–1540 12500:1482–1642 12487:1482–1637 12474:1478–1778 12464:1474–1778 12452:1471–1975 12440:1470–1975 12430:1462–1975 12420:1455–1633 12353:1577–1589 12340:1515–1541 12327:1513–1541 12314:1506–1769 12301:1506–1525 12288:1506–1525 12275:1505–1541 12239:1488–1541 12216:1485–1550 12206:1471–1662 12193:1471–1550 12180:1458–1550 12170:1415–1640 10814:. Knopf. 9506:162822016 9490:0018-246X 9031:1057-1515 8696:Lach 1994 8668:0874-8438 7284:Lach 1994 6686:Daus 1983 6586:Abernethy 6483:Citations 6265:purtuallo 6231:ფორთოხალი 6216:portocală 6212:porteghal 6196:portokali 6192:πορτοκάλι 6190:), Greek 6180:portokall 6093:in Lisbon 6068:Hong Kong 5732:Cape Town 5586:In 1808, 5443:mulattoes 5418:Paulistas 5402:gold rush 4903:ouvidores 4881:natives. 4875:Parapapuã 4863:Calvinist 4855:Mem de Sá 4831:São Paulo 4717:Francis I 4668:Greenland 4666:explored 4540:prazeiros 4510:Kongolose 4371:captured 4351:state of 4345:conquered 4131:bird guns 4121:matchlock 3990:Iberian ' 3943:privateer 3937:from the 3931:imports. 3920:Velha Goa 3784:in 1509. 3742:Mauritius 3676:Cankili I 3632:Cannanore 3552:Kozhikode 3479:longitude 3463:New World 3436:The 1494 3393:In 1488, 3361:Diogo Cão 3341:Castilian 3285:sugarcane 3231:latitudes 3203:Gil Eanes 3034:in 1411. 3018:from the 2713:factories 2697:) or the 1057:Gallaecia 1052:Lusitania 432:1974–1975 419:1961–1974 367:1640–1668 354:1588–1654 341:1580–1640 188:Manuel II 118:Religion 57:1415–1999 17527:See also 17498:Cold War 17293:Crusades 17263:Valencia 16886:Japanese 16849:Scottish 16829:American 16821:Colonial 16750:Imperial 16718:Moroccan 16654:Japanese 16632:Afsharid 16491:Burmese 16477:Austrian 16432:Later Le 16407:Early Le 16392:Venetian 16318:Tiwanaku 16231:Hellenic 16194:Moroccan 16125:Kamakura 16115:Japanese 16098:Saffarid 16051:Georgian 15965:Chalukya 15943:Rashidun 15933:Calakmul 15901:Bruneian 15780:Haryanka 15758:Sasanian 15753:Parthian 15704:Bactrian 15694:Seleucid 15674:Goguryeo 15652:Egyptian 15586:Assyrian 15576:Akkadian 15567:Colonies 15507:Category 15457:Religion 15367:Naturism 15197:Military 15133:Politics 15044:Language 15034:Military 15022:By topic 14888:Monarchs 14841:Hispania 14821:Ophiussa 14808:Timeline 14791:articles 14787:Portugal 14119:Maranhão 14096:Barbados 13941:Labrador 13718:Nagasaki 13688:Makassar 13551:Mylapore 13528:Maldives 13505:Maldives 13374:(Mumbai) 13316:Mylapore 13186:(Kannur) 12936:Muharraq 12796:Part of 12789:Part of 12779:Or 1600. 12772:Part of 12567:Zanzibar 12457:Príncipe 12445:São Tomé 12359:(Asilah) 12346:(Mehdya) 12318:Mazagan 12292:Mogador 12281:(Agadir) 12256:Graciosa 12220:Mazagan 12199:(Asilah) 11471:Archived 10847:Archived 10587:(2006). 10529:Archived 10386:(1969). 10266:Archived 10030:Archived 9953:Archived 9918:Archived 9886:Archived 9869:BBC News 9860:Archived 9837:Archived 9811:Archived 9773:Archived 9731:Archived 9581:Archived 9530:July 24, 8672:Archived 7794:Archived 7689:Ooi 2004 7559:Archived 7535:Archived 7272:Ooi 2009 7015:Archived 6958:Scammell 6406:See also 6400:, Kenya. 6246:birtukan 6239:portakal 6228:Georgian 6220:البرتقال 6204:portokal 6200:портокал 6188:portokal 6184:портокал 6161:Kristang 6045:occupied 5952:captured 5919:Cold War 5839:Tanzania 5767:republic 5724:Pink Map 5592:Dom João 5495:Salvador 5422:Emboabas 5367:Catholic 5340:concelho 5335:Candolim 5197:Safavids 5081:captured 5064:asientos 4979:dynastic 4859:Huguenot 4839:smallpox 4819:Salvador 4728:João III 4688:donatary 4605:Nagasaki 4601:firearms 4545:chikunda 4518:Afonso I 4466:carracks 4361:resisted 4339:and the 4229:Magellan 4139:Frankish 4109:Shuangyu 4097:Tuen Mun 4000:A Famosa 3792:ruling. 3672:cinnamon 3599:Immanuel 3587:and the 3548:Zamorins 3534:in 1497. 3415:Ethiopia 3329:alluvial 3313:Afonso V 3258:feitoria 3166:Ethiopia 3072:conquest 2973:". The 2952:returned 2862:enclaves 2803:Nagasaki 2709:colonies 1435:Timeline 1397:Military 1385:Language 1377:Archives 1085:Medieval 1006:Portugal 995:a series 993:Part of 982:Portugal 157:Monarchs 146:Republic 140:Monarchy 17368:Baroque 17267:Majorca 17179:Francia 16953:largest 16948:Empires 16928:Swedish 16923:Spanish 16918:Russian 16881:Italian 16856:Chinese 16844:English 16839:British 16834:Belgian 16809:Vietnam 16799:Tay son 16745:Tsarist 16740:Russian 16735:Ottoman 16701:Dzungar 16696:Khoshut 16669:Mexican 16664:Maratha 16647:Pahlavi 16627:Safavid 16622:Iranian 16549:Haitian 16512:Chinese 16472:Ashanti 16444:Wagadou 16370:Eastern 16365:Western 16348:Timurid 16308:Tibetan 16298:Songhai 16288:Serbian 16209:Almohad 16199:Idrisid 16103:Samanid 16093:Tahirid 16088:Iranian 16066:Kannauj 16046:Genoese 15982:Chinese 15975:Eastern 15970:Western 15958:Fatimid 15953:Abbasid 15948:Umayyad 15921:Burmese 15881:Ayyubid 15876:Angevin 15846:Xianbei 15834:Eastern 15829:Western 15775:Magadha 15738:Iranian 15731:Xiongnu 15716:Hittite 15625:Chinese 15613:Kassite 15562:Ancient 15554:Empires 15491:Outline 15467:Symbols 15420:Cuisine 15402:Culture 15377:Poverty 15352:Housing 15310:Society 15291:Tourism 15266:Fishing 15226:Economy 15104:Regions 15094:Islands 15029:Economy 14799:History 14208:(Amapá) 13889:Madeira 13775:Coloane 13652:Ternate 13395:Baçaím 13385:Ponnani 13372:Bombay 13264:Calicut 13173:(Kochi) 13171:Cochim 13081:1624?–? 13045:Libedia 13011:1621?–? 12931:Bahrain 12907:1515?–? 12881:Quriyat 12870:(Ormus) 12868:Hormuz 12590:Socotra 12579:(Kilwa) 12577:Quíloa 12537:Malindi 12491:Elmina 12480:(Bioko) 12468:Annobón 12357:Arzila 12331:Azamor 12233:Ouadane 12210:Tangier 12197:Arzila 11962:12 July 11873:10 July 11058:(1997) 10218:12 July 9973:pt:CPLP 9924:12 July 9817:12 July 9651:12 July 9498:2638392 9400:10 July 9366:10 July 9174:10 July 8990:10 July 8802:10 July 8768:10 July 8683:Redalyc 8264:10 July 6398:Malindi 6379:Chinese 6273:arancia 6252:(e.g., 6243:Amharic 6165:Malacca 6122:Madeira 5818:U-boats 5802:Madeira 5507:mestizo 5499:Jesuits 5458:tsunami 5353:Fidalgo 5337:in the 5330:rule. 5309:of the 5305:and by 5301:of the 5283:Tangier 5170:Malacca 4998:António 4971:Morocco 4825:led by 4823:Jesuits 4764:Madeira 4619:spread 4501:in the 4436:Humayun 4432:Red Sea 4428:Bassein 4396:Mughals 4373:Bahrain 4318:Bahrain 4039:Chatins 3967:on the 3965:Malacca 3768:sultan 3726:Red Sea 3722:Socotra 3652:Viceroy 3636:Canonor 3593:Calicut 3589:Zamorin 3544:Calicut 3475:leagues 3471:duopoly 3422:padrões 3403:Ptolemy 3373:Namibia 3349:João II 3301:Antwerp 3297:Algarve 3293:Genoese 3235:Senegal 3226:caravel 3127:Madeira 3101:Infante 3044:crusade 3028:Castile 3024:Algarve 2912:Dahomey 2872:). 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