150:, a Japanese union led by Thomas Hiromo Yumate, who was a produce buyer. Yumate enlisted TNT to try to put economic pressure onto a leading produce seller, Three Star Produce. In turn, TNT asked Yumate to recruit SCRPWU members to sign a proposal to get anti-picketing initiatives on the ballot. Yumate ascertained the signatures, and while TNT attempted to get in contact with the president of Three Star Produce they were never able to reach him. The La Follette Hearings found that TNT was partnering with other Japanese unions in promotion of their campaign for anti-picketing measures.
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organization, was run by corporate interests and only $ 9,000 of its $ 500,000 budget went toward educational pursuits. TNT was soon investigated, as well, and the
Committee found that much of its membership numbers were falsified or were recruited using illegal practices. In addition, the investigations found that TNT was primarily financed by Southern Californians, Inc., and some of its employees, such as the Chairman, testified to destroying numerous documents after being subpoenaed by the La Follette Committee.
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After the La
Follette Committee began investigating worker conditions in Los Angeles during 1939 and 1940, anti-union organizations, such as TNT, were soon targeted by the committee. The committee soon found that one of TNT's major partners, Southern Californians, Inc., designated as an educational
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While the organization rectified itself as a spontaneous creation of local housewives, many argue that it was created by other anti-union organizations, such as the
Merchants and Manufacturers Association. The organization was said to have recruited thousands of women, with membership rates of over
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After the organization shutdown due to the charges brought by the
Justice Department, many of its members formed together, along with members from other California-based anti-union organizations, to form the Employees Advisory Service in April 1939. In the case of NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD v.
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SUN TENT-LUEBBERT CO. et al., it is stated that the aforementioned organization worked to carry on much of the work promoted by TNT. The organization was later sued for partnering with TNT to create an employer-dominated union, which violated the
77:, was recruited by Byron C. Hanna, the leader of The Southern Californians, Incorporated, to lead the organization. In addition to the general activities of the organization, it also broadcast a radio program, referred to as the "
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The radio broadcasts by the organization, the
California Caravan, provided both entertainment and information about the anti-union movement that the organization supported. However, the program was shut down by the
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Founded in 1937, The
Neutral Thousands was a group primarily targeting toward anti-union women. The organization was described as a "voluntary association of housewives concerned with labor
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The organization claimed to have over 100,000 members at its high point, according to membership logs by the leader, Bessie Ochs. However, In 1940, after an investigation by the
73:. The organization rose along with a tide of similar organizations in the period of the late-19th century to the mid-twentieth century. Bessie Ochs, formerly a speaker for the
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and its effects on consumer prices". The group was promoted as an association created by local housewives that sought to attract women toward their cause. The slogan
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of TNT. The organization's leader, Bessie Ochs, was described as a woman who was "fiftyish, peroxide-blond and tough as nails."
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After the investigation of the La
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100,000, according to Bessie Ochs. In addition to its radio program, the
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375:. Vol. 115, no. 155. San Jose News. January 10, 1940
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Radical L.A.: From Coxey's Army to the Watts Riots, 1894–1965
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Radical L.A.: From Coxey's Army to the Watts Riots, 1894–1965
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Endangered Dreams: The Great
Depression in California
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Endangered Dreams: The Great
Depression in California
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Endangered Dreams: The Great Depression in California
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The Southern California Retail Produce Workers Union
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448:Women's organizations based in the United States
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395:"NATIONAL LABOR REL. BOARD v. SUN TENT-LUEBBERT"
433:History of labor relations in the United States
373:"Attempts to Hamstring Labor Activities Probed"
170:Dissolution and the Employees Advisory Service
166:. Soon after, the organization was dissolved.
287:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 237.
231:. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 237.
428:1940 disestablishments in the United States
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341:Starr, Kevin (1997).
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