409:
392:
214:
47:
4192:
4146:
3205:
1033:, and the bursting of the bubble in 2001 took a heavy toll on Marconi. While the company initially chose to deny any impact to sales, the delayed issue of a profit warning spooked investors. In July 2001, Marconi plc suffered a 54% drop in its share price following the suspension of trading of its shares, profit warning, and redundancies. Having accumulated a sizable debt pile that was continuing to mount due to heavy losses, Marconi was facing bankruptcy.
3217:
563:, GEC expanded to become a global corporation and national institution. The takeover of Fraser and Chalmers in 1918 took GEC into heavy engineering and bolstered their claim to supply 'everything electrical'. In the same year, the maker of electricity meters, Chamberlain and Hookham, was also acquired by GEC.
804:
In 1981, GEC acquired Picker
Corporation, an American manufacturer of medical imaging equipment. GEC merged Picker with Cambridge Instruments, GEC Medical, and American Optical to form Picker International (PI). GEC Medical was itself an amalgamation of Watson & Sons Ltd, formed in the early 20th
445:
Their small business found early success with its unorthodox method of supplying electrical components over the counter. Hugo Hirst was an entrepreneurial salesman who saw the potential of electricity and was able to direct the standardisation of an industry in its infancy. He travelled across Europe
1002:
While the deal was yet to be completed, GEC used much of the anticipated proceeds of the MES sale to buy companies in 1999. This move was part of a major realignment of the firm to focus on the burgeoning telecoms sector, and it became a radio, telecommunications and internet equipment manufacturer.
513:
With the death of Gustav Byng in 1910, Hugo Hirst became the chairman as well as managing director, a position he had assumed in 1906. Hirst's shrewd investment in lamp manufacture was proving extremely profitable. In 1909, Osram began production of the most successful tungsten filament lamps in the
1036:
In
September 2011, Simpson was forced to resign from Marconi and a new management team was brought in under Mike Parton, the new chief executive. Shares that had been worth £12.50 at GEC's peak had fallen to £0.04. Lord Weinstock's own stake, once worth £480 million, was reduced to
669:
the entire
British electrical industry, beginning with the internal rejuvenation of GEC. In a drive for efficiency, Weinstock made cut-backs and instigated mergers, resulting in new growth for the company. GEC returned to profit and the financial markets' confidence was restored.
2347:
993:
A merger of UK companies soon became the most likely development. In mid-January 1999, GEC and
British Aerospace confirmed they were holding talks. On 19 January, it was announced British Aerospace was to acquire Marconi Electronic Systems for £7.7bn ($ 12.75bn).
762:
In 1969, a new subsidiary company was born, English
Electric-AEI Traction Ltd. This new organisation slowly integrated together the traction divisions of both AEI and EE, culminating in 1972 when the company was renamed
252:
11 years later. During the 1890s and 1900s, the company heavily invested into electric lighting, a sector that would prove to be immensely profitable in the long term. The GEC was heavily impacted by the outbreak of the
514:
industry. Rapidly growing private and commercial use of electricity created huge demand. The company expanded both at home and overseas, with the establishment of agencies in Europe, Japan, Australia, South Africa, and
958:
After most of its US acquisitions failed, GEC began to make a loss. The cash reserves that Lord
Weinstock had built up during the 1980s and early 1990s had been all but depleted, and the company was heavily in debt.
990:). GEC had already been active in pursuing consolidation in the defence business. In 1997, it made an ultimately unsuccessful bid to the French government to privatise Thomson-CSF and merge it with MES.
506:(GPO or BPO, a government department). The telephone manufacturing section moved from Manchester to Coventry in 1919, and GEC was one of the "ring" of four (later five) companies supplying the GPO with
923:). Simpson, along with finance director John Mayo, decided to pursue a risky strategy of pursuing fast growth via rapid acquisition of numerous other companies, particularly within the United States.
1876:
502:
to manufacture telephone exchanges and telephones for the GPO; GEC supplied a large CB manual exchange for
Glasgow in 1910. The British telephone system had been taken over and was operated by the
2093:
2355:
915:. In July 1997, the company announced the outcomes of a major review: it would move away from its joint ventures and focus on moving toward "global leadership" in defence and aerospace (
604:, GEC was a major manufacturer of electrical and engineering products for the British armed forces. Significant contributions to the war effort included the development in 1940 of the
3255:
257:, supplying various goods to the military, and thus becoming a major player in the electrical industry. In 1921, a new purpose-built company headquarters (Magnet House) was opened in
4158:
2521:
2188:
4398:
1079:
had said, " so advanced with its products and so entrenched with BT Group plc that its selection looks certain." Various bids were received for the business, including one from
446:
with an eye for the latest products, and in 1887 the company published the first electrical catalogue of its kind. The following year, the company acquired its first factory in
1023:
2316:
2284:
978:
In
December 1998, reports emerged that GEC was seeking a partner for MES, the value of which was greatly increased by the Tracor acquisition. Prospective partners included
900:(VSE) in 1995. VSE was willing to participate in a merger with a larger company to reduce its exposure to cycles in warship production, particularly in light of the post-
635:), along with Harry Railing, took over as joint managing directors. Despite the huge demand for electrical consumer goods, and large investments in heavy engineering and
829:
GEC had become the UK's largest and most successful company and private employer, with about 250,000 employees. In 1984, it became one of the first companies in the new
888:
The move towards electronics and modern technology, particularly in the defence sector, was a departure from the domestic electrical goods market. GEC acquired the
4393:
470:. The company was expanding rapidly, opening new branches and factories and trading in 'everything electrical', a phrase that was to become synonymous with GEC.
3248:
2378:
549:
871:
merged their power generation and transport businesses in a new joint venture, GEC-Alsthom. In May 1989, GEC-Alsthom bought
British rail vehicle manufacturer
4388:
1343:
2632:
1906:
864:
formed a joint company, GEC Siemens plc, to take over
Plessey. As part of the deal, GEC took control of Plessey's avionics and naval systems businesses.
244:. It quickly adopted a then-unorthodox business model of supplying electrical components over the counter. In 1889, the business was incorporated as the
4188:
2770:
530:
transformed GEC into a major player in the electrical industry. The company was heavily involved in the war effort, supplying products such as radios,
1884:
631:
The post-war years saw a decline in GEC's expansion. After the death of Hugo Hirst in 1943, his son-in-law Leslie Gamage (elder son of the founder of
4418:
4149:
3241:
2324:
2294:
1755:
1690:
1026:
in exchange for £391m. Consolidating and monitoring the finances of these acquisitions soon added to the future difficulties encountered by Marconi.
434:
in the 1880s by a German-Jewish immigrant, Gustav Binswanger (later Gustav Byng). Regarded as the year GEC was founded, 1886 saw a fellow immigrant,
2170:
1733:
1630:
1061:, the firm's creditors received 99.5% of the new company's shares. In October 2003, the company announced that it intended to pursue listing on the
4383:
3960:
17:
2725:
801:
technology, space electronics, and other high-security products, doing business throughout the world. (Now owned by L-3 Cincinnati Electronics.)
327:
During the 1980s, the company was Britain's largest private employer with over 250,000 employees; becoming one of the first companies in the new
2147:
4413:
3185:
2730:
1127:
331:
in 1984. It made profits in excess of £1 billion per year at its peak in the 1990s. In June 1998, GEC sold its share of the joint venture
3220:
304:
the British electrical industry and boost efficiency via a series of cut-backs and mergers that returned the company to profit. GEC acquired
2720:
4180:
1294:
2711:
2196:
975:
to create a new European Aerospace and Defence Company. GEC was also seen as a potential partner in a three-way merger with BAe and DASA.
2702:
1934:
1819:
4408:
3726:
885:
By the mid-1990s, GEC was making profits of £1 billion, had cash reserves of £3 billion, and was valued at £10 billion.
2050:
767:
Ltd. Also added to the company was the industrial locomotive division of the former English Electric which was based at Vulcan Works,
4082:
4077:
4072:
3340:
1532:
658:, who became the managing director of GEC in 1963, and moved its headquarters from Kingsway to a new building at 1 Stanhope Gate in
4118:
3264:
3154:
2536:
1122:
912:
1075:(21CN) programme, surprising commentators and sending the company's shares tumbling. Before the announcement, the investment bank
4403:
4232:
686:
4133:
3566:
2920:
2763:
2507:
2424:
1328:
1488:
1247:
897:
2248:
3455:
2845:
2743:
2464:
3280:
2957:
1612:
713:
636:
477:
in 1909), was to lead the way in lamp design, and the burgeoning demand for electric lighting was to make GEC's fortune.
1783:
3124:
3119:
1329:"Summary report on early corporate records of General Electric Company plc, electrical equipment manufacturers, London"
4378:
4108:
3208:
2756:
2673:
1454:
1424:
1003:
At the time, financial markets approved of the strategy; GEC's share value set new all-time highs during early 1999.
2218:
1510:
1470:
4173:
3114:
3109:
2904:
725:
674:
305:
1648:
4322:
4087:
3935:
3748:
2967:
408:
1157:
355:. After buying several US telecoms manufacturers at the top of the market, losses following the bursting of the
3945:
3940:
3676:
2871:
853:
771:(this later became a separate company, GEC Industrial Locomotives Ltd). The company had manufacturing sites at
3995:
3975:
3631:
3275:
1675:
744:, whose products were successful in academic computing and real-time process control in the 1970s and 1980s.
582:
2618:
1058:
391:
4423:
4302:
4292:
3980:
3671:
3596:
2994:
651:
293:
2068:
2021:
1722:
1006:
In 1999, Marconi plc purchased two American equipment-makers: RELTEC Corporation in March for £1.3bn, and
896:
Defence Systems Group in 1990 as well as part of Ferranti International's assets in Italy. It also bought
4357:
4166:
3373:
3323:
3149:
2739:
1634:
1560:
666:
447:
301:
2266:
1986:"BAe and Dasa discuss proposals for merger: Aerospace groups still have 'important issues to resolve'".
1183:
269:) also opened. In the 1920s, the company was heavily involved in the creation and roll-out of Britain's
4267:
4128:
3898:
3738:
2820:
2478:
1087:
916:
810:
340:
1801:
1691:"Otis Elevator and General Electric Company (GEC) reach agreement on purchase of Express Lift Company"
1597:
937:
In March 1998, GEC announced the merger of its radar and avionics business with Alenia Difesa to form
312:
one year later. The company continued to expand via acquisitions; between 1979 and 1981, GEC acquired
280:, GEC made several significant contributions to the Allied war effort, such as the development of the
4227:
3833:
3701:
3651:
3393:
3099:
4015:
3818:
3808:
3803:
3686:
3666:
3656:
3556:
3475:
2399:
2094:"British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems form the third largest defence unit in the world"
621:
613:
2593:
2450:
2001:
1960:
4005:
3848:
3798:
3778:
3758:
3731:
3706:
2914:
2835:
1086:
Prior to the collapse of the Marconi group in 2005 and 2006, the company was a major supplier of
1057:. Marconi shareholders received one Marconi Corporation share for every 559 Marconi shares. In a
682:
510:
automatic telephone exchanges (called "Step-by-Step" or SXS) in use from the 1920s to the 1960s.
360:
747:
The Birmingham Witton works remained one of the company's biggest sites, producing high-voltage
4352:
4342:
3920:
3711:
3490:
3104:
3030:
2861:
1099:
1046:
1011:
938:
920:
481:
352:
249:
141:
122:
57:
1237:
3853:
3783:
3646:
3405:
3330:
3094:
2982:
2940:
2881:
2810:
1302:
879:
733:
698:
594:
488:
473:
In 1893, it decided to invest in the manufacture of lamps. The resulting company, (to become
266:
4317:
4307:
4217:
4045:
4020:
3888:
3873:
3611:
3576:
3480:
3400:
3233:
2989:
2930:
2072:
1760:
1652:
1440:
849:
678:
1845:
8:
4327:
3910:
3878:
3763:
3681:
3601:
3440:
3425:
3420:
3009:
2972:
2952:
2876:
2830:
2825:
2688:
1728:
1132:
927:
845:
776:
721:
575:
503:
2544:
4347:
4337:
4247:
4035:
3930:
3925:
3868:
3636:
3581:
3520:
3515:
3450:
3415:
2493:
1537:
1397:
1076:
905:
786:
The company continued to expand with the acquisition in 1979 of weighing machine maker
737:
270:
982:(by 1998 on the path to privatisation) and various American defence contractors (e.g.
759:
and traction components, until the plant was gradually sold off by Weinstock in 1969.
624:, as well as advances in communications technology and the ongoing mass production of
597:), were symbolic of the continuing expansion of both GEC and the electrical industry.
484:, The General Electric Company (1900) Ltd (the '1900' was dropped three years later).
4040:
3990:
3955:
3696:
3661:
3641:
3535:
2899:
2669:
2111:
2026:
1450:
1420:
1243:
1095:
968:
797:, Ohio, at the time owned by George J Mealey. CE was a leader in military radios and
768:
756:
344:
112:
1372:
1010:
in April for £2.8bn, to complement the telecommunication business of its subsidiary
951:, which became part of MES. The same month, GEC sold its share of the joint venture
213:
3970:
3863:
3858:
3793:
3768:
3753:
3691:
3616:
3591:
3525:
3485:
3388:
3345:
3169:
2947:
2935:
1359:
The Story of the Telephone: A History of the Telecommunications Industry of Britain
1091:
911:
During 1996, Lord Weinstock retired as GEC's managing director and was replaced by
709:
690:
655:
605:
601:
586:
351:. The rest of GEC, mainly telecommunications equipment manufacturing, continued as
309:
297:
281:
277:
258:
191:
31:
2566:
2494:"Marconi savaged after failure to win BT 21CN deal, Share price falls 40 per cent"
673:
During the late 1960s, the electrical industry was revolutionised as GEC acquired
4312:
4297:
4287:
4050:
4030:
3965:
3893:
3843:
3838:
3626:
3606:
3410:
3159:
3068:
3040:
2962:
2815:
2735:
2348:"Marconi sells to Ericsson and consigns a century of industrial might to history"
1911:
1444:
983:
717:
639:, profits began to fall in the face of competition and internal disorganisation.
571:
560:
527:
507:
254:
46:
4332:
4191:
4010:
3915:
3883:
3510:
3500:
3383:
3378:
3308:
3190:
3164:
3004:
2977:
2226:
2148:"Advised: Marconi PLC on its acquisition of Mobile Systems International (MSI)"
1211:
1054:
1030:
830:
787:
729:
648:
356:
336:
328:
313:
146:
581:
In the 1920s, the company was heavily involved in the creation of the UK-wide
4372:
4257:
4123:
4113:
3823:
3716:
3586:
3073:
2795:
2665:
2289:
945:
872:
741:
451:
230:
919:), industrial electronics (GEC Industrial Electronics), and communications (
585:. The opening of a new purpose-built company headquarters (Magnet House) in
374:
acquired the bulk of the company; what was left of the business was renamed
288:, various advances in communications technology, and the mass production of
4222:
3985:
3828:
3721:
3551:
3460:
3430:
3363:
3303:
3144:
2805:
2800:
2748:
2270:
2129:
Turpin, Andrew (4 March 2000). "BAE eyes US targets after profit rockets".
1861:
1007:
817:
In 1999, the company changed its name to Marconi Medical Systems. In 2001,
764:
455:
1239:
Second Chance: Two Centuries of German-speaking Jews in the United Kingdom
4252:
4237:
4212:
4025:
3743:
3530:
3335:
3025:
979:
931:
752:
625:
567:
553:
542:
531:
466:
In 1889, the business was incorporated as a private company known as the
348:
289:
205:
136:
116:
1331:. Historical Manuscripts Commission – via nationalarchives.gov.uk.
4242:
3905:
3561:
908:" defence review. Following GEC's purchase, VSE became Marconi Marine.
794:
772:
748:
617:
492:
435:
427:
395:
229:) was a major British industrial conglomerate involved in consumer and
185:
1098:
products. The majority of Marconi Corporation's businesses (including
4103:
3368:
3313:
944:
In June 1998, it completed the $ 1.4bn acquisition of major American
889:
838:
780:
654:, and with it emerged the new power behind GEC, Sobell's son-in-law
4000:
3788:
3495:
3445:
3063:
2925:
2006:
1344:"Friday Photo: Administration Block to the former GEC Witton Works"
1103:
1069:
1015:
901:
893:
805:
century in London and long a part of GEC, and A E Dean & Co of
798:
694:
535:
371:
364:
169:
2712:
The History of the General Electric Company up to 1900 – Part 2 –
2703:
The History of the General Electric Company up to 1900 – Part 1 –
4282:
3950:
3773:
3505:
3470:
3465:
3355:
3318:
2379:"From blue-chip giant to hi-tech flop: the £30bn fall of Marconi"
1805:
1474:
1072:
1045:
On 19 May 2003, Marconi plc underwent a restructuring and became
1040:
987:
861:
857:
818:
814:
806:
659:
632:
590:
367:
296:. Throughout the mid-to-late 1960s, GEC's new managing director,
262:
2662:
Anatomy of a Merger – A History of GEC, AEI and English Electric
589:
in 1921, and the pioneering industrial research laboratories at
3078:
3035:
2999:
2909:
2866:
2508:"BT names suppliers for IP network: Marconi's out, Huawei's in"
1107:
1080:
1062:
1050:
952:
948:
868:
702:
538:
431:
375:
332:
241:
151:
4197:
3571:
2840:
1019:
609:
515:
474:
359:
in 2001 led to the restructuring in 2003 of Marconi plc into
285:
261:; two years later, GEC's industrial research laboratories at
156:
3263:
1373:"Roots of the Company – The rise and fall of the GEC empire"
962:
793:
In April 1981, GEC acquired Cincinnati Electronics (CE), in
3621:
3351:
2171:"Market Report: GEC the star as market soars to a new peak"
972:
1417:
The Saga of Marconi-Osram Valve: A History of Valve-making
461:
292:, lamps, and lighting equipment. In 1961, GEC merged with
217:
General Electric Company share certificate, issued in 1994
4277:
4262:
3435:
1961:"Business: The Company File: Defense merger on the radar"
1907:"GEC prepares to launch £5bn telecoms and defence strike"
363:. During 2005, the company failed to secure any part of
2260:
2258:
1322:
1320:
834:
821:
bought Marconi Medical Systems for $ 1.1 billion.
4399:
Companies formerly listed on the London Stock Exchange
2736:
Documents and clippings about General Electric Company
440:
The General Electric Apparatus Company (G. Binswanger)
2726:
The former GEC Archives Collection – archived website
2317:"Takeover of Marconi: Business past, business future"
1839:
1837:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1135:– a lift test tower built by The Express Lift Company
824:
521:
2255:
1317:
1158:"Alstom: the key dates of a French industrial jewel"
1113:
On 27 October 2006, the company folded voluntarily.
813:(MRI) unit. In 1998, it acquired the CT division of
518:. It also did substantial trade with South America.
2400:"MARCONI PLC, Form 6-K, Filing Date March 31, 2003"
2189:"Marconi Establishes Enterprise Technology Centers"
2142:
2140:
2195:(Press release). 26 September 2000. Archived from
1826:
1721:
1068:In 2005, the company failed to secure any part of
1029:These acquisitions were made at the height of the
1102:and the rights to the Marconi name) were sold to
1083:, with whom Marconi already had a joint venture.
438:, join Byng, and the company changed its name to
4370:
3961:Port Victoria Marine Experimental Aircraft Depot
2137:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
2022:"Lockeed, Britain's GEC may be in merger talks"
1152:
1150:
1148:
4394:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1999
3186:GEC-Marconi scientist deaths conspiracy theory
2465:"Shareholders lose out in Marconi liquidation"
1128:GEC-Marconi scientist deaths conspiracy theory
1041:Marconi Corporation plc and break-up (2002–05)
642:
487:In 1902, its first purpose-built factory, the
233:electronics, communications, and engineering.
4174:
3249:
2764:
2659:
2249:"Marconi Buys MSI Software for $ 618 Million"
2051:"GEC set to combine Marconi with Thomson-CSF"
1579:
930:, the test equipment arm of GEC, was sold to
30:Not to be confused with the American company
2778:
2425:"SEC ADR listing of Marconi Corporation plc"
2251:. wirelessnetworksonline.com. 25 April 2000.
2122:
1439:
1229:
1145:
882:acquired The Express Lift Company from GEC.
4389:Manufacturing companies established in 1886
2394:
2392:
2112:"BAe set to sign A8bn GEC deal with merger"
1756:"GEC buys out Ferranti in shock £310m deal"
339:. During December 1999, GEC's defence arm,
240:as an electrical goods wholesaler based in
4181:
4167:
3256:
3242:
2771:
2757:
2534:
2491:
1843:
1414:
1206:
1204:
997:
570:manufacturing interests with those of the
45:
4083:Defence Science and Technology Laboratory
4078:Defence Electronics and Components Agency
2619:"Ericsson said to be bidding for Marconi"
2339:
2309:
2277:
2211:
1613:"Share index has not rewarded innovation"
1610:
1356:
1235:
963:Marconi Electronic Systems sale (1998–99)
4419:British companies disestablished in 1999
3265:Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom
2660:Jones, Robert; Marriott, Oliver (1970).
2625:
2585:
2417:
2389:
2376:
2345:
2264:
2181:
2168:
2133:. The Scotsman Publications. p. 26.
2048:
1820:"GEC's knockout bid wins fight for VSEL"
1123:Aerospace industry in the United Kingdom
809:. In 1982, PI introduced the first 1.0T
407:
390:
386:
212:
4384:Defunct companies of the United Kingdom
2524:. investorschronicle.co.uk. 5 May 2005.
2522:"Marconi future in doubt after BT snub"
1446:The GEC Research Laboratories 1919–1984
1326:
1201:
1176:
1106:in 2005, and the remainder was renamed
462:Incorporation and expansion (1889–1913)
27:British engineering company (1886–1999)
14:
4371:
4134:Society of British Aerospace Companies
3567:Air Navigation and Engineering Company
2448:
2128:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
971:(BAe) with the German aerospace group
898:Vickers Shipbuilding & Engineering
867:In early 1989, GEC and French company
4414:British companies established in 1886
4162:
3237:
2752:
2591:
2481:. thefreelibrary.com. 3 October 2003.
2467:. accountancyage.com. 19 August 2002.
2346:Harrison, Michael (26 October 2005).
2169:Guerrera, Francesco (27 April 1999).
1935:"GEC of Britain agrees to buy Tracor"
1623:
1277:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1022:shipyard. In April 2000, it acquired
740:. The Elliot computer company became
665:Weinstock embarked on a programme to
236:It was originally founded in 1886 as
4233:Callenders Cables & Construction
3216:
2846:Vickers Shipbuilding and Engineering
1736:from the original on 12 January 2022
1533:"Medical Venture By Philips and GEC"
1511:"W and T Avery Limited: 1813 - 1979"
1341:
967:In July 1998, reports began linking
4263:Electrical & Musical Industries
3281:Manufacturing in the United Kingdom
2537:"Analyst: Marconi in Line for 21CN"
1844:Birkinshaw, Julian (1 March 2004).
1709:
491:Engineering Works, was opened near
480:In 1900, GEC was incorporated as a
24:
3125:South African Class 10E1, Series 2
3120:South African Class 10E1, Series 1
2685:Forty Years of Electrical Progress
2653:
2621:. techmonitor.ai. 10 October 2005.
2567:"Marconi discussing £600m buy-out"
2451:"Desperate days, drastic measures"
1561:"Philips: Where did it all begin?"
1489:"English Electric Company Limited"
1346:. birminghamconservationtrust.org.
1256:
856:(GPT) was created when GEC bought
825:Acquisitions and mergers (1984–97)
755:, large generators, small motors,
522:World Wars and post-WWII (1914–60)
370:(21CN) programme; that same year,
25:
4435:
4409:1999 disestablishments in England
4109:Farnborough International Airshow
2696:
2535:Le Maistre, Ray (27 April 2005).
2492:Richardson, Tim (28 April 2005).
2377:Harrison, Michael (6 July 2001).
2323:. 27 October 2005. Archived from
2265:McCarthy, Kieren (17 July 2001).
1611:Searjeant, Graham (11 May 2007).
1361:. London: Pitman. pp. 95–96.
726:Robert Stephenson & Hawthorns
677:(AEI) in 1967, which encompassed
4323:Pinchin Johnson & Associates
4190:
4145:
4144:
3215:
3204:
3203:
3115:South African Class 9E, Series 2
3110:South African Class 9E, Series 1
2905:Associated Electrical Industries
2682:
2510:. techmonitor.ai. 28 April 2005.
2449:Gapper, John (31 October 2004).
2049:Harrison, Michael (7 May 1997).
1014:. Later that year, GEC acquired
833:, ranking third in value behind
675:Associated Electrical Industries
628:, lamps and lighting equipment.
458:and switches were manufactured.
306:Associated Electrical Industries
18:The General Electric Company plc
4088:European Aviation Safety Agency
3941:Nieuport & General Aircraft
3936:National Aircraft Factory No. 2
2968:Robert Stephenson and Hawthorns
2611:
2592:Oates, John (25 October 2005).
2559:
2528:
2514:
2500:
2485:
2471:
2457:
2442:
2370:
2267:"Oracle aided Marconi collapse"
2241:
2162:
2104:
2086:
2061:
2042:
2014:
1994:
1979:
1953:
1927:
1899:
1877:"GEC Sells Marconi Instruments"
1869:
1852:
1812:
1794:
1776:
1748:
1683:
1666:
1641:
1631:"What do you know about Govan?"
1604:
1553:
1525:
1503:
1481:
1463:
1433:
1408:
1390:
1242:. Mohr Siebeck. pp. 362–.
308:(AEI) in 1967, and merged with
4404:1886 establishments in England
3946:Norman Thompson Flight Company
3677:British Aircraft Manufacturing
2872:GEC Plessey Telecommunications
2731:Listen to the 1904 "GEC March"
2293:. 10 June 2004. Archived from
1784:"GEC makes rival bid for VSEL"
1673:"GEC swallows Metro-Cammell".
1633:. Evening News. Archived from
1365:
1350:
1335:
1327:Roberts, S. (September 1991).
860:. The following year, GEC and
854:GEC Plessey Telecommunications
13:
1:
3996:Seaplane Experimental Station
3976:Rollason Aircraft and Engines
3727:Aeronautical Technical School
3632:William Beardmore and Company
3276:Economy of the United Kingdom
2995:Radio & Allied Industries
2002:"GEC spoils DASA / BAe party"
1859:"Strategic shake-up at GEC".
1676:Railway Gazette International
1415:Vyse, B.; Jessop, G. (2000).
1342:Webb, Julie (20 March 2015).
1139:
955:on the Paris stock exchange.
652:Radio & Allied Industries
413:
399:
294:Radio & Allied Industries
4303:International Tea Co. Stores
4293:Imperial Chemical Industries
4278:Guest Keen & Nettlefolds
3981:Royal Aircraft Establishment
3672:British Aircraft Corporation
3597:Armstrong Whitworth Aircraft
2721:The Roots of GEC 1670 – 1999
2219:"Kvaerner sells UK shipyard"
1846:"The destruction of Marconi"
1471:"G.E.C. and A.E.I. (merger)"
1024:Mobile Systems International
468:General Electric Company Ltd
246:General Electric Company Ltd
77:; 138 years ago
40:General Electric Company plc
7:
3374:British Airways Engineering
3324:Surrey Satellite Technology
2740:20th Century Press Archives
2683:Whyte, Adam Gowans (1930).
2479:"Marconi to List on Nasdaq"
1116:
839:Shell Transport and Trading
643:Further expansion (1961–83)
576:Marconi-Osram Valve Company
500:Peel-Connor Telephone Works
422:GEC had its origins in the
95:; 25 years ago
10:
4440:
4268:Fine Spinners and Doublers
4213:Associated Portland Cement
4129:Royal Aeronautical Society
3739:Desoutter Aircraft Company
3702:Clayton & Shuttleworth
2821:Marconi Electronic Systems
2069:"Thomson-CSF: 1968 - 2000"
1990:. 24 July 1998. p. 1.
1723:"Obituary: Lord Weinstock"
1236:Carlebach, Julius (1991).
1088:Asynchronous Transfer Mode
917:Marconi Electronic Systems
811:magnetic resonance imaging
381:
341:Marconi Electronic Systems
147:Otis Worldwide Corporation
29:
4205:
4142:
4096:
4063:
3834:Hants and Sussex Aviation
3749:Dunlop Standard Aerospace
3652:Bristol Aeroplane Company
3544:
3296:
3289:
3271:
3199:
3178:
3137:
3100:GEC Stephenson locomotive
3087:
3056:
3049:
3018:
2936:Siemens Brothers & Co
2890:
2854:
2786:
1679:. July 1989. p. 457.
1398:"Chamberlain and Hookham"
1357:Robertson, J. H. (1947).
708:In 1968, GEC merged with
691:Siemens Brothers & Co
647:In 1961, GEC merged with
593:in 1923 (later named the
548:In 1917, GEC created the
424:G. Binswanger and Company
238:G. Binswanger and Company
201:
176:
165:
129:
107:
89:
71:
63:
53:
44:
4379:General Electric Company
4273:General Electric Company
4073:Civil Aviation Authority
4016:Sopwith Aviation Company
3819:Gloster Aircraft Company
3814:General Electric Company
3804:Garland Aircraft Company
3687:Central Aircraft Company
3667:British Aircraft Company
3657:British Aerial Transport
3557:Abbott-Baynes Sailplanes
2780:General Electric Company
2716:, Volume 14, No. 2, 1999
2707:, Volume 14, No. 1, 1999
2354:. London. Archived from
1541:. Reuters. 25 April 1987
1184:"History of Marconi plc"
622:University of Birmingham
566:In 1919, GEC merged its
498:In 1907, GEC set up the
223:General Electric Company
4353:Watney Combe & Reid
4006:SELEX Sistemi Integrati
3879:Lindstrand Technologies
3849:Heston Aircraft Company
3799:Foster, Wikner Aircraft
3779:Fairey Aviation Company
3759:Edgar Percival Aircraft
3707:Comper Aircraft Company
2915:British Thomson-Houston
2836:Marconi Research Centre
2594:"Ericsson buys Marconi"
1802:"Parliamentary debates"
1047:Marconi Corporation plc
998:Marconi plc (1999–2002)
683:British Thomson-Houston
361:Marconi Corporation plc
4343:United Steel Companies
4196:Original companies of
3921:Moss Brothers Aircraft
3854:Hewlett & Blondeau
3712:Cunliffe-Owen Aircraft
3491:Safran Landing Systems
3341:Military Air Solutions
3105:South African Class 4E
3031:Marconi Communications
2983:Willans & Robinson
2862:Alenia Marconi Systems
1598:"COVER STORY: Marconi"
1513:. Science Museum Group
1491:. Science Museum Group
1443:; Algar, Joan (1989).
1100:Marconi Communications
1012:Marconi Communications
939:Alenia Marconi Systems
844:In 1985, GEC acquired
757:mercury arc rectifiers
734:Willans & Robinson
482:public limited company
426:, an electrical goods
419:
405:
353:Marconi Communications
318:Cincinnati Electronics
250:public limited company
218:
111:Defence arm bought by
4358:FW Woolworth & Co
4318:Patons & Baldwins
4200:in the United Kingdom
3889:M. B. Arpin & Co.
3784:Fane Aircraft Company
3647:Boulton Paul Aircraft
3406:Dunlop Aircraft Tyres
3331:Babcock International
3095:British Rail Class 91
2941:William Thomas Henley
2882:Thomson Marconi Sonar
2855:Former joint ventures
2811:Hirst Research Centre
1649:"GEC Alsthom Limited"
1377:BritishTelephones.com
1216:BritishTelephones.com
880:Otis Elevator Company
790:, renamed GEC Avery.
699:William Thomas Henley
595:Hirst Research Centre
411:
394:
387:Early years (1886–88)
267:Hirst Research Centre
216:
4046:Westland Helicopters
3874:Lakes Flying Company
3612:Austin Motor Company
3577:The Airscrew Company
2990:Gilbarco Veeder-Root
2973:Ruston & Hornsby
2953:Dick, Kerr & Co.
2931:Metropolitan-Vickers
2633:"Marconi (2003) plc"
2547:on 25 September 2012
2285:"Back from the dead"
2098:Jane's International
2073:Science Museum Group
1653:Science Museum Group
1449:. Peter Peregrinus.
1188:Funding Universe.com
1073:21st Century Network
1059:debt-for-equity swap
850:British Shipbuilders
722:Ruston & Hornsby
679:Metropolitan-Vickers
649:Sir Michael Sobell's
612:, by the scientists
550:Express Lift Company
526:The outbreak of the
368:21st Century Network
337:Paris stock exchange
4424:Radio manufacturers
4338:Turner & Newall
3931:Nash & Thompson
3926:D. Napier & Son
3911:Matra Marconi Space
3764:Elliotts of Newbury
3441:Hybrid Air Vehicles
3426:GE Aviation Systems
3421:General Dynamics UK
3416:Finmeccanica UK Ltd
3010:Yarrow Shipbuilders
2877:Matra Marconi Space
2831:Marconi-Osram Valve
2826:Marconi Instruments
2787:Former subsidiaries
2689:Ernest Benn Limited
2150:. aquaapartners.com
2010:. 20 December 1998.
1729:The Daily Telegraph
1600:. insidermedia.com.
1567:. 16 September 2008
1477:. 23 November 1967.
1164:. 26 September 2017
1133:National Lift Tower
1081:Huawei Technologies
928:Marconi Instruments
878:In early 1996, the
846:Yarrow Shipbuilders
738:Dick, Kerr & Co
504:General Post Office
412:Early switchboard,
343:(MES), was sold to
194:(managing director)
41:
4348:Vickers-Armstrongs
4036:Vickers-Armstrongs
3956:Parnall & Sons
3899:Electronic Systems
3869:Kingsbury Aviation
3642:Boulton & Paul
3637:Blackburn Aircraft
3582:Airship Industries
3521:Thales Air Defence
3456:Marshall Aerospace
3451:Lockheed Martin UK
3394:Technical Services
3319:Astrium Satellites
2453:. Financial Times.
2327:on 18 October 2012
2297:on 18 October 2012
2199:on 15 October 2012
2118:. 19 January 1999.
2100:. 19 January 1999.
2030:. 28 December 1998
1939:The New York Times
1887:on 18 January 2006
1790:. 29 October 1994.
1565:Philips Healthcare
1538:The New York Times
1077:Dresdner Kleinwort
946:defence contractor
926:In February 1998,
921:GEC Communications
906:Options for Change
420:
406:
322:Picker Corporation
219:
39:
4366:
4365:
4228:Bolsover Colliery
4208:As of 1 July 1935
4156:
4155:
4066:regulatory bodies
4059:
4058:
4041:Westland Aircraft
3991:Scottish Aviation
3697:Chrislea Aircraft
3662:British Aerospace
3536:Ultra Electronics
3369:Boeing Defence UK
3231:
3230:
3133:
3132:
2900:A.B. Dick Company
2027:Los Angeles Times
1764:. 24 January 1990
1249:978-3-16-145741-8
1096:Internet Protocol
1037:£2 million.
969:British Aerospace
835:British Petroleum
769:Newton-le-Willows
345:British Aerospace
265:(later named the
211:
210:
113:British Aerospace
16:(Redirected from
4431:
4298:Imperial Tobacco
4195:
4194:
4183:
4176:
4169:
4160:
4159:
4148:
4147:
4021:Spartan Aircraft
3971:Reid and Sigrist
3864:Hunting Aircraft
3859:Hordern-Richmond
3809:General Aircraft
3794:Folland Aircraft
3769:English Electric
3692:Chilton Aircraft
3617:Aviation Traders
3592:Airwork Services
3526:Thales Optronics
3476:Reaction Engines
3346:Eurofighter GmbH
3294:
3293:
3258:
3251:
3244:
3235:
3234:
3219:
3218:
3207:
3206:
3170:Arnold Weinstock
3054:
3053:
2958:Elliott Brothers
2948:English Electric
2893:and acquisitions
2773:
2766:
2759:
2750:
2749:
2692:
2679:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2563:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2543:. Archived from
2532:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2446:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2435:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2410:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2363:
2358:on 17 April 2010
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2313:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2302:
2281:
2275:
2274:
2262:
2253:
2252:
2245:
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2225:. Archived from
2215:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2157:
2155:
2144:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2046:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2018:
2012:
2011:
1998:
1992:
1991:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1931:
1925:
1924:
1922:
1920:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1892:
1883:. Archived from
1873:
1867:
1866:
1856:
1850:
1849:
1841:
1824:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1732:. 24 July 2002.
1725:
1718:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1659:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1594:
1577:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1507:
1501:
1500:
1498:
1496:
1485:
1479:
1478:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1383:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1348:
1347:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1324:
1315:
1314:
1312:
1310:
1305:on 29 March 2010
1301:. Archived from
1291:
1254:
1253:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1222:
1212:"History of GEC"
1208:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1154:
1092:Gigabit Ethernet
714:Elliott Brothers
712:, incorporating
710:English Electric
656:Arnold Weinstock
606:cavity magnetron
602:Second World War
587:Kingsway, London
418:
415:
404:
401:
310:English Electric
298:Arnold Weinstock
282:cavity magnetron
278:Second World War
259:Kingsway, London
103:
101:
96:
85:
83:
78:
49:
42:
38:
32:General Electric
21:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4433:
4432:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4369:
4368:
4367:
4362:
4333:Tate & Lyle
4288:Hawker Siddeley
4201:
4189:
4187:
4157:
4152:
4138:
4092:
4065:
4055:
4051:J. Samuel White
3966:Lang Propellers
3894:Marconi Company
3844:Hawker Siddeley
3839:Hawker Aircraft
3627:Beagle Aircraft
3540:
3516:Telespazio VEGA
3411:Europa Aircraft
3285:
3267:
3262:
3232:
3227:
3195:
3174:
3160:Martin Sixsmith
3129:
3083:
3069:GEC 4000 series
3045:
3014:
3005:W & T Avery
2963:Marconi Company
2892:
2886:
2850:
2816:Marconi Company
2788:
2782:
2777:
2699:
2676:
2656:
2654:Further reading
2651:
2641:
2639:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2602:
2600:
2590:
2586:
2576:
2574:
2573:. 7 August 2005
2565:
2564:
2560:
2550:
2548:
2533:
2529:
2520:
2519:
2515:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2496:. The Register.
2490:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2463:
2462:
2458:
2447:
2443:
2433:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2418:
2408:
2406:
2404:secdatabase.com
2398:
2397:
2390:
2383:The Independent
2375:
2371:
2361:
2359:
2352:The Independent
2344:
2340:
2330:
2328:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2300:
2298:
2283:
2282:
2278:
2263:
2256:
2247:
2246:
2242:
2232:
2230:
2229:on 14 July 2012
2217:
2216:
2212:
2202:
2200:
2187:
2186:
2182:
2175:The Independent
2167:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2138:
2127:
2123:
2110:
2109:
2105:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2055:The Independent
2047:
2043:
2033:
2031:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1988:Financial Times
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1959:
1958:
1954:
1944:
1942:
1941:. 22 April 1998
1933:
1932:
1928:
1918:
1916:
1912:The Independent
1905:
1904:
1900:
1890:
1888:
1875:
1874:
1870:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1842:
1827:
1822:. Jane's. 1995.
1818:
1817:
1813:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1788:The Independent
1782:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1765:
1754:
1753:
1749:
1739:
1737:
1720:
1719:
1710:
1700:
1698:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1672:
1671:
1667:
1657:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1642:
1637:on 5 July 2008.
1629:
1628:
1624:
1609:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1580:
1570:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1544:
1542:
1531:
1530:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1494:
1492:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1441:Clayton, Robert
1438:
1434:
1427:
1413:
1409:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1355:
1351:
1340:
1336:
1325:
1318:
1308:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1257:
1250:
1234:
1230:
1220:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1156:
1155:
1146:
1142:
1119:
1043:
1000:
984:Lockheed Martin
965:
827:
788:W & T Avery
718:Marconi Company
645:
572:Marconi Company
561:interwar period
528:First World War
524:
464:
430:established in
416:
402:
389:
384:
314:W & T Avery
255:First World War
248:, and became a
197:
179:
161:
137:BAE Systems plc
120:
99:
97:
94:
81:
79:
76:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4437:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4381:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4280:
4275:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4186:
4185:
4178:
4171:
4163:
4154:
4153:
4143:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4098:
4097:Related topics
4094:
4093:
4091:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4064:Government and
4061:
4060:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4053:
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4028:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4011:Siddeley-Deasy
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3916:Miles Aircraft
3913:
3908:
3903:
3902:
3901:
3891:
3886:
3884:Luton Aircraft
3881:
3876:
3871:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
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3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
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3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3602:Arrow Aircraft
3599:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3548:
3546:
3542:
3541:
3539:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3511:Swift Aircraft
3508:
3503:
3501:Short Brothers
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3386:
3384:Chemring Group
3381:
3379:Britten-Norman
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3360:
3359:
3349:
3343:
3333:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3316:
3311:
3309:AgustaWestland
3306:
3300:
3298:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3246:
3238:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3213:
3200:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3191:Phoebus cartel
3188:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3175:
3173:
3172:
3167:
3165:Michael Sobell
3162:
3157:
3155:George Simpson
3152:
3147:
3141:
3139:
3135:
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3016:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2986:
2985:
2980:
2978:Vulcan Foundry
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2945:
2944:
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2928:
2923:
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2698:
2697:External links
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2013:
1993:
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1967:. 10 July 1998
1952:
1926:
1915:. 6 March 1998
1898:
1868:
1865:. 9 July 1997.
1851:
1825:
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1808:. 23 May 1995.
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1697:. 2 April 1996
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1118:
1115:
1055:Morgan Stanley
1042:
1039:
1031:dot-com bubble
999:
996:
964:
961:
913:George Simpson
831:FTSE 100 Index
826:
823:
730:Vulcan Foundry
644:
641:
523:
520:
463:
460:
454:, telephones,
452:electric bells
388:
385:
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357:dot-com bubble
329:FTSE 100 Index
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4258:Dunlop Rubber
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4124:ParcAberporth
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4114:NATS Holdings
4112:
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4027:
4024:
4022:
4019:
4017:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
4001:SELEX Galileo
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
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3824:Grahame-White
3822:
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3725:
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3723:
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3718:
3717:Dart Aircraft
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
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3682:BTR Aerospace
3680:
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3404:
3402:
3401:Draken Europe
3399:
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3325:
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3307:
3305:
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3299:
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3259:
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3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3074:GEC Series 63
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3042:
3039:
3037:
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3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3017:
3011:
3008:
3006:
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3001:
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2834:
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2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2796:GEC Computers
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:and divisions
2785:
2781:
2774:
2769:
2767:
2762:
2760:
2755:
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2737:
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2717:
2715:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2701:
2700:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2677:
2675:0-224-61872-5
2671:
2667:
2666:Jonathan Cape
2663:
2658:
2657:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2620:
2614:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2572:
2568:
2562:
2546:
2542:
2541:Light Reading
2538:
2531:
2523:
2517:
2509:
2503:
2495:
2488:
2480:
2474:
2466:
2460:
2452:
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2395:
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2384:
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2373:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2342:
2326:
2322:
2321:The Economist
2318:
2312:
2296:
2292:
2291:
2290:The Economist
2286:
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2272:
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2259:
2250:
2244:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2184:
2176:
2172:
2165:
2149:
2143:
2141:
2132:
2125:
2117:
2113:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2089:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2056:
2052:
2045:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2003:
1997:
1989:
1982:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1940:
1936:
1930:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1886:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1848:. london.edu.
1847:
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1540:
1539:
1534:
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1512:
1506:
1490:
1484:
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1472:
1466:
1458:
1456:0-86341-146-0
1452:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1426:0-9539127-0-1
1422:
1418:
1411:
1403:
1402:Grace's Guide
1399:
1393:
1378:
1374:
1368:
1360:
1353:
1345:
1338:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1295:"GEC History"
1290:
1288:
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1120:
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1093:
1089:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1052:
1049:, advised by
1048:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1004:
995:
991:
989:
985:
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947:
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940:
935:
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929:
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922:
918:
914:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
886:
883:
881:
876:
874:
873:Metro-Cammell
870:
865:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
822:
820:
816:
812:
808:
802:
800:
796:
791:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
760:
758:
754:
750:
745:
743:
742:GEC Computers
739:
735:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
706:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
668:
663:
661:
657:
653:
650:
640:
638:
637:nuclear power
634:
629:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
596:
592:
588:
584:
583:National Grid
579:
577:
573:
569:
564:
562:
557:
555:
551:
546:
544:
540:
537:
533:
529:
519:
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511:
509:
505:
501:
496:
494:
490:
485:
483:
478:
476:
471:
469:
459:
457:
456:ceiling roses
453:
449:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
410:
397:
393:
379:
377:
373:
369:
366:
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325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
274:
272:
271:National Grid
268:
264:
260:
256:
251:
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243:
239:
234:
232:
228:
224:
215:
207:
204:
200:
193:
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175:
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128:
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118:
114:
110:
106:
92:
88:
74:
70:
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3552:ADC Aircraft
3461:Martin-Baker
3431:GFS Projects
3364:BBA Aviation
3304:AD Aerospace
3221:
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3145:Cyril Hilsum
2891:Predecessors
2806:GEC Traction
2801:GEC Research
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3744:Dowty Group
3531:TUI Airways
3481:Rolls-Royce
3336:BAE Systems
3088:Locomotives
3026:BAE Systems
2921:Edison Swan
2867:GEC Alsthom
2551:28 November
2193:PR Newswire
1891:17 December
1168:3 September
980:Thomson-CSF
953:GEC-Alsthom
932:IFR Systems
852:. In 1988,
687:Edison Swan
667:rationalise
600:During the
568:radio valve
559:During the
556:, England.
554:Northampton
417: 1888
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302:rationalise
276:During the
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3019:Successors
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2705:GEC Review
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1919:9 November
1768:9 November
1761:The Herald
1740:9 November
1701:28 October
1140:References
795:Cincinnati
773:Manchester
749:switchgear
618:Harry Boot
534:, and the
493:Birmingham
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428:wholesaler
396:Hugo Hirst
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186:Hugo Hirst
178:Key people
4104:ADS Group
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3314:Airbus UK
3290:Companies
3057:Computers
2223:CNN Money
1695:Bloomberg
1617:The Times
1299:IPD Group
890:Edinburgh
781:Sheffield
188:(founder)
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130:Successor
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3210:Category
3064:GEC 2050
3050:Products
2926:Hotpoint
2571:BBC News
2007:BBC News
1965:BBC News
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1117:See also
1104:Ericsson
1016:Kvaerner
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