29:
467:
Pastor Kim Myung-jin of Light and Truth Church, along with two leaders, affiliated with the
Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong), have been sentenced to prison for "coercion" and "aiding and abetting coercion" after being accused of abusive discipleship training, which included forcing members to
429:
The
General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea created the Global Missions Society (GMS) in South Korea to support evangelism and missions. The Global Mission Society, the missionary body of the Hapdong General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian
335:
in 1960. But this union did not last and a group of Koshin churches separated a few years later, although about 150 Koshin congregations stayed with HapDong. In 1961, another group separated to form the Bible
Presbyterian Church, later to be called the
363:
with more than 2.2 million communicant members, 5,123 congregations, and 6,300 ordained pastors. These figures differ from the statistics offered by
Chongshin Seminary, which claims the church has 11,000 congregations and about 3 million members.
309:. The church was divided for and against Park Hyun-nyon, president of the Presbyterian Seminary Society of the General Assembly. The anti-Park party is called 'Tonghap' (the united body) and the pro-Park party is called 'Hapdong' (the union body).
1459:
355:
and non-mainline groups. The debate centered about two issues: the authorship of the
Pentateuch and the relationship with the ChongShin Seminary. The non-mainline section fragmented in the following years.
312:
The divisions from all three splits during the 50s still exist. The divisions from the third split between
Tonghap and Hapdong respectively are still the largest Presbyterian dominations in South Korea.
468:
eat feces and depriving them of sleep. The
Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong) is facing public backlash for remaining silent and failing to take action against these criminal acts.
1454:
1191:
996:
1585:
1580:
1201:
1196:
892:
792:[Supreme Court Upholds Prison Sentences for Pastor Kim Myung-jin and Two Leaders of Light and Truth Church for Abusive Discipleship Training].
1334:
947:
1299:
1224:
1126:
1294:
1284:
1259:
1136:
1031:
831:
343:
At the 64th
General assembly in 1979 the church suffered another division. Kim Hee Bo the President of the ChongShin Seminary advocated for the
1309:
1289:
1264:
1254:
1239:
1206:
1146:
1131:
681:
557:
Kim, In Soo (2008). "Towards Peace and
Reconciliation between South and North Korean Churches: Contextual Analysis of the Two Churches (Ch9)".
1449:
1444:
1304:
1279:
1249:
1234:
1229:
1181:
1086:
1344:
1161:
991:
907:
1349:
1269:
1156:
1041:
1590:
1339:
1319:
1274:
1244:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1091:
1051:
932:
359:
In the 1990s the
Hapdong branch experienced phenomenal growth. By the early 2000s, Hapdong developed into the largest denomination in
1418:
1324:
1141:
1096:
887:
383:
Hapdong is a theologically conservative denomination. The Hapdong group subscribe the historic Presbyterian Confessions, such as the
1314:
897:
1329:
1216:
1186:
1171:
1151:
1081:
1066:
1046:
1036:
1001:
331:
Hapdong was the more conservative group in the schism. Its conservative doctrinal basis made it possible to unite later with the
301:
the denomination divided for the third time (1951, 1953, and 1959) into two equal parts due to the church's view of the issue of
1465:
1359:
1211:
1166:
1101:
1076:
1026:
1021:
1016:
986:
981:
337:
317:
108:
1493:
1354:
1176:
1106:
1061:
1011:
912:
332:
128:
1071:
1056:
942:
922:
824:
927:
774:
614:
917:
658:
566:
532:
730:
1006:
937:
388:
1383:
861:
856:
817:
216:
1524:
396:
1519:
1514:
969:
392:
325:
298:
118:
633:
1378:
1488:
1407:
708:
1509:
321:
306:
882:
877:
685:
1436:
902:
151:
1426:
522:
604:
840:
230:
69:
414:
344:
789:
8:
1534:
352:
74:
1559:
421:
are the only official educational institutions of the Hapdong Church to train pastors.
384:
1539:
957:
610:
562:
528:
431:
1554:
1544:
402:
1549:
498:
484:
434:
organization in South Korea and the world with over 2,500 missionaries working in
848:
372:
270:
253:
59:
1393:
267:
316:
The Hapdong section represented more theologically conservative wing than the
1574:
1529:
1388:
952:
524:
Religions of the World: A Comprehensive Encyclopedia of Beliefs and Practices
447:
368:
274:
582:
1370:
360:
286:
278:
96:
84:
62:
809:
738:
760:
39:
221:
302:
49:
451:
443:
435:
184:
103:
552:
550:
418:
348:
282:
200:
559:
Peace and Reconciliation : In Search of Shared Identity
328:
and allowed relatively wide range of theological positions.
246:
The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea (GAPCK)
547:
439:
235:
28:
520:
320:. The Tonghap group maintained its affiliation to the
179:
The General Assembly of Presbyterian Church in Korea
165:
628:
626:
893:Conservative Reformed Presbyterian Church in Korea
948:Independent Reformed Presbyterian Church in Korea
405:'s instructions, there are no women ordinations.
1572:
623:
367:In South Korea there are about 15 million
825:
790:"대법원, '가학적 제자훈련' 빛과진리교회 김명진 목사와 리더 2명에 실형 확정"
992:Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea
908:Presbyterian Church in the Republic of Korea
700:
297:In 1959 at the 44th General Assembly of the
257:
206:
190:
1586:Christian organizations established in 1959
684:. Christian Reformed Church. Archived from
653:
651:
462:
933:Women Pastors Presbyterian Church in Korea
832:
818:
27:
1581:Presbyterian denominations in South Korea
1419:Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople
888:Conservative Presbyterian Church in Korea
839:
516:
514:
512:
898:Korean Christian Fundamentalist Assembly
648:
634:"Presbyterian Church of Korea (HapDong)"
408:
709:"Chongshin University: What We Believe"
281:. The headquarters of the church is in
1573:
1360:Presbyterian Church in Korea (GaeHyuk)
679:
509:
338:Presbyterian Church in Korea (Daeshin)
109:Presbyterian Church in Korea (TongHap)
22:Presbyterian Church in Korea (Hapdong)
1494:National Council of Churches in Korea
913:National Council of Churches in Korea
813:
723:
706:
609:. New York: Peter Lang. p. 125.
602:
596:
561:. Farnham: Ashgate Pub. p. 137.
333:Presbyterian Church in Korea (Koshin)
129:Presbyterian Church in Korea (Koshin)
16:Christian denomination in South Korea
943:Independent Reformed Church in Korea
787:
682:"Touched by Devotion in South Korea"
673:
923:United Presbyterian Church in Korea
606:Mission from a Position of Weakness
556:
273:denomination, which is the biggest
237:Taehan yesugyo changnohoe (Haptong)
13:
1489:The Communion of Churches in Korea
928:Union Presbyterian Church in Korea
583:"The Presbyterian Church of Korea"
575:
521:Melton, J.G.; Baumann, M. (2010).
223:Daehan yesugyo jangnohoe (Hapdong)
14:
1602:
1591:Evangelical denominations in Asia
1450:Russian Orthodox diocese of Korea
1445:Church of the Life-Giving Trinity
918:Pure Presbyterian Church in Korea
680:Meehan, Chris (4 October 2010).
457:
375:in more than 100 denominations.
938:Korea Campus Crusade for Christ
788:Park, In Jae (30 August 2024).
781:
767:
753:
389:Westminster Confession of Faith
1384:Pyongyang Theological Seminary
862:Catholic Church in North Korea
857:Catholic Church in South Korea
491:
477:
258:
207:
191:
1:
1525:Marie-Nicolas-Antoine Daveluy
1455:Korean Ecclesiastical Mission
471:
397:Westminster Shorter Catechism
1515:Laurent-Joseph-Marius Imbert
775:"국내 최대 선교기구 GMS '드라이브스루 선거'"
393:Westminster Larger Catechism
351:. The church divided into a
326:National Council of Churches
299:Presbyterian Church of Korea
119:Presbyterian Church of Korea
7:
1379:Korean Christian Federation
707:Chung, Ilung (3 May 2013).
424:
378:
371:, about 9 million are
236:
222:
10:
1607:
958:The Church of Almighty God
527:. ABC-CLIO. p. 2297.
292:
1502:
1479:
1435:
1417:
1406:
1368:
966:
870:
847:
763:. Korea Computer Mission.
401:According to the Apostle
322:World Council of Churches
307:World Council of Churches
229:
215:
199:
183:
178:
160:
150:
142:
134:
124:
114:
102:
90:
80:
68:
55:
45:
35:
26:
21:
883:Korea Baptist Convention
878:Anglican Church of Korea
761:"Global Mission Society"
463:Light & Truth Church
1520:Siméon-François Berneux
1437:Russian Orthodox Church
903:Korean Methodist Church
1427:Korean Orthodox Church
1192:Ko-Ryu-Anti-Accusation
735:Global Mission Society
661:. Chongshin University
841:Christianity in Korea
603:Jeong, P. Y. (2007).
409:Theological Education
1510:Barthélemy Bruguière
1202:HapDongChongShin II.
415:Chongshin University
217:Revised Romanization
1535:Horace Newton Allen
1480:Interdenominational
1197:HapDongChongShin I.
777:. 6 September 2021.
711:. The Reformed News
345:historical-critical
1560:Ambrosios Zografos
1335:GaeHyukHapDong III
419:Chongshin Seminary
1568:
1567:
1540:Henry Appenzeller
1475:
1474:
1402:
1401:
1300:GaeHyukHapDong II
1225:JeongTongGyeSeung
1127:JeongTongChongHap
636:. Reformed Online
243:
242:
231:McCune–Reischauer
174:
173:
1598:
1555:Sotirios Trambas
1545:Mary F. Scranton
1463:
1415:
1414:
1295:GaeHyukHapDong I
1285:HapDongYeChong I
1260:HapDongBoSu III.
1137:HapDongJeongShin
1032:HapDongChongShin
964:
963:
834:
827:
820:
811:
810:
805:
804:
802:
800:
785:
779:
778:
771:
765:
764:
757:
751:
750:
748:
746:
737:. Archived from
727:
721:
720:
718:
716:
704:
698:
697:
695:
693:
677:
671:
670:
668:
666:
655:
646:
645:
643:
641:
630:
621:
620:
600:
594:
593:
591:
590:
579:
573:
572:
554:
545:
544:
542:
541:
518:
507:
506:
495:
489:
488:
481:
347:approach to the
261:
260:
248:, also known as
239:
225:
210:
209:
194:
193:
176:
175:
170:
167:
161:Official website
31:
19:
18:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1600:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1595:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1564:
1498:
1481:
1471:
1457:
1431:
1409:
1398:
1364:
1310:HapDongJangShin
1290:HapDongSeongHoe
1265:HapDongBoSu II.
1255:HapDongBoSu IV.
1240:HapDongBoSu II.
1221:HapDongChongHoe
1207:HapDongSeungHoe
1147:HapDongEunChong
1132:HapDongChungYun
1037:HapDongChunTong
973:
971:
968:
962:
866:
843:
838:
808:
798:
796:
786:
782:
773:
772:
768:
759:
758:
754:
744:
742:
729:
728:
724:
714:
712:
705:
701:
691:
689:
678:
674:
664:
662:
657:
656:
649:
639:
637:
632:
631:
624:
617:
601:
597:
588:
586:
581:
580:
576:
569:
555:
548:
539:
537:
535:
519:
510:
497:
496:
492:
483:
482:
478:
474:
465:
460:
427:
411:
385:Apostles' Creed
381:
295:
211:
195:
164:
95:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1604:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1506:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1496:
1491:
1485:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1429:
1423:
1421:
1412:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1394:Chilgol Church
1391:
1386:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1366:
1365:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1305:HapDongGaeHyuk
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1280:DaeHanShinChuk
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1250:HapDongHwanWon
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:HapDongBoSu I.
1232:
1230:HapDongTongHap
1227:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1182:HapDongYeChong
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1087:JapDongJungAng
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
997:Fundamentalist
994:
989:
984:
978:
976:
961:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
910:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
874:
872:
868:
867:
865:
864:
859:
853:
851:
845:
844:
837:
836:
829:
822:
814:
807:
806:
780:
766:
752:
722:
699:
688:on 9 July 2017
672:
647:
622:
616:978-1433100963
615:
595:
574:
567:
546:
533:
508:
490:
475:
473:
470:
464:
461:
459:
456:
426:
423:
410:
407:
380:
377:
294:
291:
250:Yejang Hapdong
241:
240:
233:
227:
226:
219:
213:
212:
205:
203:
197:
196:
189:
187:
181:
180:
172:
171:
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158:
157:
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148:
147:
144:
140:
139:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
104:Separated from
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99:
92:
88:
87:
82:
78:
77:
72:
66:
65:
57:
53:
52:
47:
43:
42:
37:
36:Classification
33:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1603:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1550:Karl Gützlaff
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1530:Charles Corfe
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1505:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1490:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1482:organisations
1478:
1467:
1461:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1405:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1389:Bongsu Church
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1367:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1345:BoSuJeongTong
1343:
1341:
1338:
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1326:
1323:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1311:
1308:
1306:
1303:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1162:HapDongYunHap
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
977:
975:
965:
959:
956:
954:
953:Victory Altar
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
909:
906:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
875:
873:
871:Protestantism
869:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
852:
850:
846:
842:
835:
830:
828:
823:
821:
816:
815:
812:
795:
791:
784:
776:
770:
762:
756:
741:on 2012-03-27
740:
736:
732:
726:
710:
703:
687:
683:
676:
660:
654:
652:
635:
629:
627:
618:
612:
608:
607:
599:
584:
578:
570:
568:9780754664611
564:
560:
553:
551:
536:
534:9781598842043
530:
526:
525:
517:
515:
513:
504:
500:
494:
486:
480:
476:
469:
458:Controversies
455:
453:
449:
448:Latin America
445:
441:
437:
433:
422:
420:
416:
406:
404:
399:
398:
394:
390:
386:
376:
374:
373:Presbyterians
370:
365:
362:
357:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
334:
329:
327:
323:
319:
314:
310:
308:
304:
300:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
269:
265:
255:
251:
247:
238:
234:
232:
228:
224:
220:
218:
214:
204:
202:
198:
188:
186:
182:
177:
169:
163:
159:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
135:Congregations
133:
130:
127:
123:
120:
117:
115:Branched from
113:
110:
107:
105:
101:
98:
93:
89:
86:
83:
79:
76:
73:
71:
67:
64:
61:
58:
54:
51:
48:
44:
41:
38:
34:
30:
25:
20:
1503:Missionaries
1350:HapDongYeSun
1270:ChongHoe II.
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