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and Olivia. Through Samuel's story of the adoption, Nettie learns that
Alphonso is her and Celie's stepfather. Their biological father was lynched, and their mother then suffered a mental collapse that Alphonso exploited. Nettie confesses to Samuel and Corrine that she is the children's biological aunt. Corrine, gravely ill, refuses to believe Nettie until Nettie reminds her that she had previously met Celie. Later, Corrine dies, having accepted Nettie's story.
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writing postcards to Celie. Celie pledges to love Shug even if Shug does not love her back. Celie learns that Mister is suffering from a considerable decline in fortunes, and begins calling him by his first name, Albert. Mister proposes that they marry "in the spirit as well as in the flesh", but Celie declines.
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Though the novel has garnered critical acclaim, it has also been the subject of controversy. The
American Library Association placed it on the list of top hundred banned and challenged books in the United States from 1990 to 1999 (17), 2000 to 2009 (17), and 2010 to 2019 (50), as well as the top ten
273:
Alphonso dies. Celie inherits land that rightfully should have been passed down to her and Nettie because it belonged to her biological father and mother. She moves back into her childhood home. Celie is crushed when Shug falls in love with
Germaine, a member of her band. Shug travels with Germaine,
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Sofia returns for a visit and gets into a fight with Harpo's new girlfriend, Squeak. She has a verbal spat with the mayor's wife, Miss Millie, and after the mayor slaps her, she hits him back. She is beaten by the police and sentenced to 12 years in prison. Squeak tricks the warden, her white uncle,
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Shug tells Celie to go with her and they can be together as girlfriends and live freely. The day of Shug's departure arrives and Celie packs her bags and is about to leave with her but she is caught by Mister and Shug leaves while Celie suffers from the departure of her beloved and fears what awaits
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Shug returns to town, newly married to a man called Grady. Together, they learn that Mister has hidden letters from Nettie for years. In the letters, Nettie says she has befriended a missionary couple, Samuel and
Corrine, and gone to Africa with them. Samuel and Corrine had unwittingly adopted Adam
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__) asks to marry her younger sister Nettie, but
Alphonso offers him Celie instead. Celie is abused by Mister and mistreated by his prior children. Nettie runs away and stays with Celie, but Mister eventually makes her leave after she refuses his unwanted sexual advances. Nettie promises to write,
244:
singer and Mister's long-time mistress, moves in. Celie takes care of Shug, who is ill. While Shug is initially rude to Celie, the two become friends and Celie becomes infatuated with Shug. Frustrated by Harpo's domineering behavior, Sofia moves out, taking her children with her. Several months
232:
Mister's son Harpo marries an assertive girl named Sofia. Celie is impressed by Sofia's self-esteem, but Mister chides Harpo for what he considers weakness in his treatment of Sofia. In a moment of envy, Celie tells Harpo to beat Sofia. Sofia fights back and confronts Celie, who apologizes and
265:
Celie visits
Alphonso, who confirms Nettie's story. Celie confides to Shug that she is losing faith in God; Shug explains to Celie her own unique religious philosophy. Celie, Shug and Squeak decide to leave town; Celie curses Mister before leaving him. They settle in Memphis,
258:
into releasing Sofia from prison and having her work as Miss Millie's maid. The plan works, but the warden rapes Squeak. Sofia is released from prison and forced to work for Miss Millie, which she detests. Squeak cares for Sofia's children, and the two women become friends.
44:
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As Celie realizes that she is content without Shug, Shug returns, having ended her relationship with
Germaine. Nettie, Samuel, Olivia, Adam and Tashi arrive at Celie's house. Nettie and Celie reunite after 30 years, introducing one another to their respective families.
223:
in the early 1900s. She writes letters to God because her father
Alphonso beats and rapes her. Due to the rape, she gives birth to two children, Olivia and Adam, whom Alphonso takes away. A farmer identified as "Mister"
1507:
Singh, Sonal, and Sushma Gupta. “Celie’s
Emancipation in the Novel The Color Purple.” International Transactions in Humanities and Social Sciences, vol. 2, no. 2, Dec. 2010, pp. 218–221.Humanities International
329:
in 1985. The controversy centered around the depiction of black men, which some critics saw as feeding stereotypical narratives of black male violence, while others found the representation compelling and relatable.
1511:
Tahir, Ary S. “Gender
Violence in Toni Morrison’s The Bluest Eye and Alice Walker’s The Color Purple.” Journal of Language and Literature Education, no. 11, 2014, pp. 1–19. Literature Resource Center,
249:
where a fully recovered Shug performs nightly. Shug learns that Mister beats Celie, and vows to stay at the house until she is convinced he will stop. Shug and Celie grow closer and the women make love.
181:
list of the 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2000–2010 at number seventeen because of the sometimes explicit content, particularly in terms of violence. In 2003, the book was listed on the BBC's
497:, based on the musical. Spielberg and Quincy Jones return to produce this version, along with the stage musical's producers Scott Sanders and Oprah Winfrey. The film opened on December 25, 2023.
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wrote that it is a "striking and consummately well-written novel", praising its powerful emotional impact and epistolary structure. It was also named a PBS Great American Read Top 100 Pick.
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list for 2007 (6) and 2009 (9). Commonly cited justifications for banning the book include sexual explicitness, explicit language, violence, and homosexuality.
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Nettie and Samuel marry and prepare to return to America. Before they leave, Adam marries Tashi, an African girl. Following tradition, Tashi undergoes
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402:, it won none. This perceived snubbing ignited controversy because many critics, including Roger Ebert, considered it the best picture of the year.
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there were dual hardcover and paperback awards in most categories. Most of the paperback award-winners were reprints, including the 1983 Fiction.
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513:, who argued that Walker "resorted to bigotry and censorship against Hebrew-speaking readers of her writings". Walker, an ardent pro-
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movement (BDS), the author declined publication of the book in Israel in 2012. This decision was criticized by Harvard Law Professor
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1295:"Banned and/or Challenged Books from the Radcliffe Publishing Course Top 100 Novels of the 20th Century"
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967:"April 18, 1983: Alice Walker Becomes the First Woman of Color to Win the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction"
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Bobo, Jacqueline (January 1, 1989). "Sifting Through the Controversy: Reading The Color Purple".
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868:(With essays by Anna Clark and Tarayi Jones from the Awards 60-year anniversary blog.)
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The book received greater scrutiny amidst controversy surrounding the release of the
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The novel has been adapted into various other media, including feature films in
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The novel has been the target of censors numerous times, and appears on the
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and demanded a change in policies before her works can be published there.
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broadcast a radio adaptation of the novel in ten 15-minute episodes as a
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in 1983, making Walker the first black woman to win for fiction; in 1950
208:
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Celie never receives any letters, and Celie concludes that she is dead.
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The reveal kickstarts the BBC's year-long celebration of literature.
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285:. In solidarity, Adam undergoes the same facial scarring ritual.
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19:
This article is about the 1982 novel. For the 1985 film, see
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had won the Pulitzer Prize for poetry. Walker also won the
237:
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Previously the Pulitzer Prize for the Novel from 1917–1947
141:
2007:
517:
activist, in a letter to Yediot Books accused Israel of
879:"The 100 Most Frequently Challenged Books of 2000–2009"
1243:"Top 100 Most Banned and Challenged Books: 2010-2019"
1377:
1375:
1241:
Office of Intellectual Freedom (September 9, 2020).
768:
219:
Celie, a poor African-American girl, lives in rural
1554:: Racism, Violence Against Women Are Global Issues"
1493:"Alice Walker rejects Israeli translation of book"
1159:"100 'most inspiring' novels revealed by BBC Arts"
866:. National Book Foundation. Retrieved 2012-01-26.
350:
1485:
1372:
1267:Office of Intellectual Freedom (March 26, 2013).
1215:Office of Intellectual Freedom (March 26, 2013).
1191:"100 most frequently challenged books: 1990-1999"
1189:Office of Intellectual Freedom (March 26, 2013).
1126:"Blacks in Heated Debate Over 'The Color Purple""
3696:
3333:Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer
1928:
409:of the novel and film with lyrics and music by
2974:The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter
2406:
3725:National Book Award for Fiction winning works
3392:The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay
2392:
1955:
1793:
1656:
1151:
1044:"1983 – National Book Awards Fiction Winners"
1217:"Top 100 Banned/Challenged Books: 2000-2009"
931:. BBC. April 2003, Retrieved August 23, 2017
429:in New York City. The show was produced by
2399:
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1962:
1948:
1800:
1786:
1663:
1649:
42:
1670:
489:announced that they would be releasing a
3745:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction-winning works
1347:
828:
478:and in 2009 the production received the
270:; Celie starts a pants-making business.
1480:Alan Dershowitz: Alice Walker’s Bigotry
3697:
3022:The Collected Stories of Jean Stafford
1453:
1441:from the original on December 24, 2020
1400:from the original on December 11, 2020
1368:Sony Radio Academy Awards 2009: Dramas
1350:"Passion for 'Purple' has Local Roots"
1003:
857:
398:as Sofia. Though nominated for eleven
233:confides in her about Mister's abuse.
186:poll of the UK's "best-loved novels."
2380:
2138:The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty
1943:
1927:
1781:
1644:
1612:Victory Over Japan: A Book of Stories
1598:The Collected Stories of Eudora Welty
1472:
1418:
1301:from the original on December 4, 2019
1292:
1123:
889:from the original on November 2, 2019
292:
3476:The Brief Wondrous Life of Oscar Wao
3285:A Good Scent from a Strange Mountain
1419:Rubin, Rebecca (December 23, 2020).
1269:"Top 10 Most Challenged Books Lists"
1092:
999:
997:
995:
528:
500:
3810:Novels about violence against women
1381:
1341:
13:
3760:Novels set in Georgia (U.S. state)
3730:American novels adapted into films
3249:The Mambo Kings Play Songs of Love
1501:
14:
3821:
1765:In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens
1688:The Third Life of Grange Copeland
1516:
1124:Shipp, E. R. (January 27, 1986).
992:
759:(paperback, United Kingdom, 2017)
729:(paperback, United Kingdom, 2004)
507:Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions
29:The Color Purple (disambiguation)
2902:The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters
2525:
2518:
1550:"Alice Walker on 30th Anniv. of
785:
771:
749:(Tenth Anniversary Edition 2014)
532:
3790:African-Americans in literature
1971:National Book Award for Fiction
1588:National Book Award for Fiction
1542:Photos of the first edition of
1412:
1382:Kit, Borys (November 2, 2018).
1361:
1327:
1313:
1286:
1260:
1234:
1208:
1182:
1117:
1086:
1061:
351:Censorship in the United States
310:National Book Award for Fiction
172:National Book Award for Fiction
2079:Plains Song: For Female Voices
1036:
959:
934:
922:
901:
871:
359:
1:
3780:Female bisexuality in fiction
2998:The Confessions of Nat Turner
942:"1983 Pulitzer Prize Winners"
864:"National Book Awards – 1983"
816:
629:(mass market paperback, 1987)
378:The novel was adapted into a
201:, and a 2008 radio serial on
2291:Ship Fever and Other Stories
1720:Possessing the Secret of Joy
1429:Musical in Theaters in 2023"
1273:American Library Association
1247:American Library Association
1221:American Library Association
1195:American Library Association
1010:(First ed.). New York:
883:American Library Association
851:
842:National Book Awards history
657:, 1992, Anniversary Edition)
445:, who was also an investor.
382:in 1985. It was directed by
374:The Color Purple (2023 film)
366:The Color Purple (1985 film)
179:American Library Association
25:The Color Purple (2023 film)
21:The Color Purple (1985 film)
7:
3775:Novels with bisexual themes
3554:All the Light We Cannot See
3512:A Visit from the Goon Squad
3117:The Stories of John Cheever
2090:The Stories of John Cheever
2068:The World According to Garp
1495:, June 20, 2012. Yahoo News
1384:"Spielberg, Oprah Bringing
836:award for hardcover Fiction
811:African-American literature
764:
524:
345:100 most influential novels
10:
3826:
3805:Novels with lesbian themes
3765:Harcourt (publisher) books
2783:Tales of the South Pacific
2632:Thomas Sigismund Stribling
2567:The Bridge of San Luis Rey
2408:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
1388:to Big Screen (Exclusive)"
1069:"Some Letters Went to God"
909:"Alice Walker – biography"
370:The Color Purple (musical)
363:
319:New York Times Book Review
302:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
168:Pulitzer Prize for Fiction
18:
16:1982 novel by Alice Walker
3800:Novels adapted into plays
3383:
3078:
2821:
2656:Josephine Winslow Johnson
2534:
2516:
2444:The Magnificent Ambersons
2423:
2414:
2340:
2114:So Long, See You Tomorrow
1978:
1937:
1900:
1868:
1849:
1822:
1756:
1738:
1712:The Temple of My Familiar
1679:
1628:So Long, See You Tomorrow
1623:
1607:
1585:
1571:
1566:
1512:doi:10.12973/jlle.11.243.
1421:"Warner Bros. to Release
1334:Rotten Tomatoes page for
1012:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
1007:The Color Purple: A Novel
480:Sony Radio Academy Awards
333:On November 5, 2019, the
279:female genital mutilation
139:
127:
113:
101:
91:
81:
76:Harcourt Brace Jovanovich
71:
63:
53:
41:
23:. For the 2023 film, see
3578:The Underground Railroad
2962:The Keepers of the House
2704:Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings
1537:New Georgia Encyclopedia
1320:Roger Ebert's review of
1293:admin (March 27, 2013).
821:
3785:African-American novels
3755:Novels set in the 1930s
3530:The Orphan Master's Son
3369:Interpreter of Maladies
3141:A Confederacy of Dunces
3046:The Optimist's Daughter
2854:The Old Man and the Sea
2644:Caroline Pafford Miller
1996:The Hair of Harold Roux
1523:Alice Walker discusses
405:On December 1, 2005, a
214:
3740:Novels by Alice Walker
3129:The Executioner's Song
2692:John Phillips Marquand
1393:The Hollywood Reporter
1354:Saint Petersburg Times
1048:www.nbafictionblog.org
1004:Walker, Alice (1982).
27:. For other uses, see
2979:Katherine Anne Porter
2926:To Kill a Mockingbird
2890:A Death in the Family
2687:The Late George Apley
2244:All the Pretty Horses
840:From 1980 to 1983 in
617:mass market paperback
380:film of the same name
254:her now with Mister.
245:later, Harpo opens a
3795:Fiction about incest
3705:1982 American novels
3213:A Summons to Memphis
3110:James Alan McPherson
2608:Margaret Ayer Barnes
2492:The Able McLaughlins
2456:The Age of Innocence
2044:Going After Cacciato
1913:2023 film soundtrack
1908:1985 film soundtrack
929:"BBC – The Big Read"
834:Walker won the 1983
546:adding missing items
482:Silver Drama Award.
474:. The script was by
427:The Broadway Theatre
3750:Novels about racism
3677:Jayne Anne Phillips
2938:The Edge of Sadness
2907:Robert Lewis Taylor
2800:James Gould Cozzens
2747:Journey in the Dark
2711:The Grapes of Wrath
2579:Scarlet Sister Mary
2268:A Frolic of His Own
1560:September 28, 2012.
801:Feminist literature
491:new film adaptation
343:on its list of the
162:by American author
147:PS3573.A425 C6 1982
48:First edition cover
38:
3655:Barbara Kingsolver
3626:The Night Watchman
3445:Marilynne Robinson
3362:Michael Cunningham
3290:Robert Olen Butler
3146:John Kennedy Toole
3010:House Made of Dawn
2914:Advise and Consent
2776:Robert Penn Warren
2771:All the King's Men
2675:Gone with the Wind
2149:Victory Over Japan
2020:The Spectator Bird
1877:Miss Celie's Blues
1423:Mad Max: Fury Road
1167:. November 5, 2019
1130:The New York Times
885:. March 26, 2013.
544:; you can help by
407:musical adaptation
293:Critical reception
166:that won the 1983
36:
3735:Novels about rape
3710:Epistolary novels
3692:
3691:
3686:
3685:
3595:Andrew Sean Greer
3571:Viet Thanh Nguyen
3421:Jeffrey Eugenides
3345:American Pastoral
3338:Steven Millhauser
3309:The Stone Diaries
3297:The Shipping News
3237:Breathing Lessons
3064:The Killer Angels
2812:A. B. Guthrie Jr.
2788:James A. Michener
2680:Margaret Mitchell
2663:Honey in the Horn
2639:Lamb in His Bosom
2374:
2373:
2280:Sabbath's Theater
2256:The Shipping News
1921:
1920:
1775:
1774:
1639:
1638:
1608:Succeeded by
1466:to Publishers at
757:978-1-4746-0725-4
727:978-0-7538-1892-3
701:(paperback, 2003)
691:(paperback, 2002)
681:(paperback, 1998)
562:
561:
501:Boycotting Israel
151:
150:
92:Publication place
37:The Color Purple
3817:
3650:Demon Copperhead
3619:Colson Whitehead
3583:Colson Whitehead
3493:Elizabeth Strout
3488:Olive Kitteridge
3457:Geraldine Brooks
3321:Independence Day
3273:A Thousand Acres
3165:The Color Purple
3015:N. Scott Momaday
2967:Shirley Ann Grau
2955:William Faulkner
2883:MacKinlay Kantor
2871:William Faulkner
2859:Ernest Hemingway
2842:The Caine Mutiny
2759:A Bell for Adano
2723:In This Our Life
2550:(1926; declined)
2529:
2522:
2473:Booth Tarkington
2449:Booth Tarkington
2401:
2394:
2387:
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2377:
2126:The Color Purple
1964:
1957:
1950:
1941:
1940:
1931:The Color Purple
1925:
1924:
1858:The Color Purple
1839:The Color Purple
1831:The Color Purple
1814:The Color Purple
1802:
1795:
1788:
1779:
1778:
1704:The Color Purple
1665:
1658:
1651:
1642:
1641:
1624:Preceded by
1572:Preceded by
1564:
1563:
1552:The Color Purple
1544:The Color Purple
1525:The Color Purple
1496:
1489:
1483:
1482:, June 20, 2012.
1476:
1470:
1457:
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1427:The Color Purple
1416:
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1407:
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1379:
1370:
1365:
1359:
1357:
1345:
1339:
1336:The Color Purple
1331:
1325:
1322:The Color Purple
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946:www.pulitzer.org
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790:
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781:
776:
775:
671:, 1995, reprint)
557:
554:
536:
535:
529:
495:The Color Purple
464:Nikki Amuka-Bird
439:Harvey Weinstein
384:Steven Spielberg
341:The Color Purple
306:Gwendolyn Brooks
298:The Color Purple
227:
160:epistolary novel
155:The Color Purple
143:
117:
83:Publication date
46:
39:
35:
3825:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3818:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3720:Womanist novels
3715:Feminist novels
3695:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3687:
3682:
3614:The Nickel Boys
3566:The Sympathizer
3469:Cormac McCarthy
3433:Edward P. Jones
3428:The Known World
3379:
3302:E. Annie Proulx
3189:Foreign Affairs
3182:William Kennedy
3087:Humboldt's Gift
3074:
3039:Wallace Stegner
3034:Angle of Repose
2991:Bernard Malamud
2817:
2668:Harold L. Davis
2651:Now in November
2596:Oliver La Farge
2572:Thornton Wilder
2560:Louis Bromfield
2530:
2524:
2523:
2514:
2497:Margaret Wilson
2419:
2410:
2405:
2375:
2370:
2336:
2319:Alice McDermott
2307:Charles Frazier
2261:E. Annie Proulx
2249:Cormac McCarthy
2225:Charles Johnson
2189:Larry Heinemann
2153:Ellen Gilchrist
2119:William Maxwell
2056:Sophie's Choice
2037:Mary Lee Settle
2025:Wallace Stegner
2001:Thomas Williams
1974:
1968:
1933:
1922:
1917:
1896:
1864:
1845:
1818:
1806:
1776:
1771:
1752:
1734:
1675:
1669:
1635:
1633:William Maxwell
1631:
1619:
1617:Ellen Gilchrist
1615:
1601:
1593:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1531:World Book Club
1519:
1504:
1502:Further reading
1499:
1490:
1486:
1477:
1473:
1458:
1454:
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1413:
1403:
1401:
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1170:
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1142:
1140:
1122:
1118:
1103:10.2307/2931568
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1073:www.nytimes.com
1067:
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993:
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867:
862:
858:
854:
849:
848:
839:
833:
829:
824:
819:
791:
786:
784:
777:
770:
767:
762:
669:library binding
558:
552:
549:
533:
527:
511:Alan Dershowitz
505:As part of the
503:
476:Patricia Cumper
460:Nadine Marshall
394:as Albert, and
388:Whoopi Goldberg
376:
364:Main articles:
362:
353:
327:film adaptation
295:
283:facial scarring
225:
217:
132:
84:
49:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3823:
3813:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3770:Censored books
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3690:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3668:
3646:
3638:The Netanyahus
3634:
3631:Louise Erdrich
3622:
3610:
3607:Richard Powers
3598:
3586:
3574:
3562:
3550:
3538:
3526:
3523:No award given
3520:
3508:
3496:
3484:
3472:
3460:
3448:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3397:Michael Chabon
3387:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3378:
3377:
3365:
3353:
3341:
3329:
3317:
3305:
3293:
3281:
3269:
3261:Rabbit at Rest
3257:
3254:Oscar Hijuelos
3245:
3233:
3221:
3209:
3206:Larry McMurtry
3197:
3185:
3173:
3161:
3153:Rabbit Is Rich
3149:
3137:
3125:
3113:
3101:
3098:No award given
3095:
3082:
3080:
3076:
3075:
3073:
3072:
3069:Michael Shaara
3060:
3057:No award given
3054:
3042:
3030:
3018:
3006:
3003:William Styron
2994:
2982:
2970:
2958:
2946:
2943:Edwin O'Connor
2934:
2922:
2910:
2898:
2886:
2874:
2862:
2850:
2838:
2835:Conrad Richter
2825:
2823:
2819:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2803:
2795:Guard of Honor
2791:
2779:
2767:
2755:
2743:
2740:Upton Sinclair
2735:Dragon's Teeth
2731:
2719:
2716:John Steinbeck
2707:
2695:
2683:
2671:
2659:
2647:
2635:
2623:
2615:The Good Earth
2611:
2603:Years of Grace
2599:
2587:
2584:Julia Peterkin
2575:
2563:
2551:
2548:Sinclair Lewis
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2512:
2500:
2488:
2476:
2464:
2452:
2440:
2427:
2425:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2404:
2403:
2396:
2389:
2381:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2341:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2322:
2314:Charming Billy
2310:
2298:
2295:Andrea Barrett
2288:
2276:
2273:William Gaddis
2264:
2252:
2240:
2228:
2220:Middle Passage
2216:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2177:E. L. Doctorow
2168:
2156:
2146:
2134:
2122:
2110:
2102:Rabbit Is Rich
2098:
2086:
2076:
2064:
2061:William Styron
2052:
2040:
2028:
2016:
2013:William Gaddis
2004:
1992:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1967:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1934:
1919:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1884:Keep it Movin'
1880:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1865:
1863:
1862:
1853:
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1681:
1677:
1676:
1668:
1667:
1660:
1653:
1645:
1637:
1636:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1609:
1606:
1584:
1576:Rabbit is Rich
1573:
1569:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1558:Democracy Now!
1547:
1539:
1534:
1518:
1517:External links
1515:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1498:
1497:
1484:
1478:Jewish Press,
1471:
1452:
1411:
1371:
1360:
1348:John Fleming.
1340:
1326:
1312:
1285:
1259:
1233:
1207:
1181:
1150:
1116:
1097:(39): 332–42.
1085:
1060:
1035:
1020:
991:
958:
933:
921:
900:
870:
855:
853:
850:
847:
846:
826:
825:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
813:
808:
806:Black feminism
803:
797:
796:
782:
766:
763:
761:
760:
750:
740:
730:
720:
711:
702:
692:
682:
672:
658:
644:
630:
620:
606:
592:
578:
563:
560:
559:
539:
537:
526:
523:
502:
499:
421:, and book by
415:Brenda Russell
400:Academy Awards
361:
358:
352:
349:
294:
291:
236:Shug Avery, a
216:
213:
149:
148:
145:
137:
136:
133:
128:
125:
124:
119:
111:
110:
105:
99:
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88:
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73:
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68:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3822:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
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3738:
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3726:
3723:
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3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
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3702:
3700:
3678:
3674:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3652:
3651:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3608:
3604:
3603:
3602:The Overstory
3599:
3596:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3560:
3559:Anthony Doerr
3556:
3555:
3551:
3548:
3544:
3543:
3542:The Goldfinch
3539:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3521:
3518:
3517:Jennifer Egan
3514:
3513:
3509:
3506:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3490:
3489:
3485:
3482:
3478:
3477:
3473:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3461:
3458:
3454:
3453:
3449:
3446:
3442:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3430:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3418:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:Richard Russo
3406:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3382:
3375:
3374:Jhumpa Lahiri
3371:
3370:
3366:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3314:Carol Shields
3311:
3310:
3306:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3258:
3255:
3251:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3231:
3230:Toni Morrison
3227:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3201:Lonesome Dove
3198:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3147:
3143:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3134:Norman Mailer
3131:
3130:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3089:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3077:
3070:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3027:Jean Stafford
3024:
3023:
3019:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2952:
2951:
2947:
2944:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2899:
2896:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2879:
2878:Andersonville
2875:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2839:
2836:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2813:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2801:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2756:
2753:
2752:Martin Flavin
2749:
2748:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2729:
2728:Ellen Glasgow
2725:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2693:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2621:
2620:Pearl S. Buck
2617:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2597:
2593:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2528:
2521:
2510:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2493:
2489:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2477:
2474:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2461:Edith Wharton
2458:
2457:
2453:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2390:
2388:
2383:
2382:
2379:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2346:
2345:Complete list
2343:
2342:
2339:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2304:
2303:
2302:Cold Mountain
2299:
2296:
2292:
2289:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2250:
2246:
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2241:
2238:
2234:
2233:
2229:
2226:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2173:
2169:
2166:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2084:
2083:Wright Morris
2080:
2077:
2074:
2070:
2069:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2034:
2033:
2029:
2026:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1965:
1960:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1854:
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1848:
1841:
1840:
1836:
1833:
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1828:
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1821:
1816:
1815:
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1803:
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1789:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1767:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1755:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1739:Short stories
1737:
1730:
1729:
1728:Warrior Marks
1725:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1709:
1706:
1705:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1684:
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1678:
1674:
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1661:
1659:
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485:In 2018,
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268:Tennessee
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