377:. Abraham Cohen (1812–1874) was the printer of the newspaper by April 1836 and he became co-owner, in partnership with Nichols, in May 1837. Cohen was the editor, printer and sole owner by September 1838 and he remained in charge till September 1839. Printer George Moss (1809–1854) and the Rev. Wickham M. Hesketh (1807–1868) were the co-owners by June 1841 and they continued as joint owners till their partnership was dissolved in June 1843. Thomas Forster was the printer and publisher for the owners by December 1843. Forster and Edwyn Henry Statham (1811–1887) were joint owners by January 1844. Wealthy pastoralist
299:"Statesman," together with Mr Wentworth, son of the Principal Superintendent of Police. These gentleman never solicited my permission to publish their Paper, and, as the opinion of the Law Officers of the Crown coincided with my own that there existed no power to interpose to prevent it without going to Council, I considered it most expedient to try the experiment of the full latitude of the freedom of the Press, and, to enable Your Lordship to judge how far this Newspaper is conducted With moderation, I have ordered a Copy to be regularly transmitted to you.
193:
29:
267:
531:
Mr
Wentworth and Mr Wardell openly incited and encouraged settler violence against Aboriginal people. "Treat them as an open enemy, and let them have enough of red-coat-and-bullet fare", they wrote in 1826. Wentworth and Wardell's racism also extended beyond the page; in 1827 they defended Lieutenant
431:
made regular appeals to subscribers to pay their accounts and threatened to take legal action against customers who were in arrears. One reason for non-payment was because delivery could be irregular. The runners who made deliveries sometimes sold papers to people on the street and kept the money for
302:
The
Government Printer, Mr Howe, finding a Paper published without a censorship, soon applied for the removal of that restraint from His Paper, "The Sydney Gazette"; and, as I considered the same opinion applied to both, the censorship was removed; and several months enjoyment of this privilege to
426:
Income from advertisements was fairly steady and easy to collect. But it made up less than half the newspapers income. The bulk came the sale of copies, especially via subscriptions taken out by individuals. This cost 8 shillings per quarter for Sydney residents and ten shillings and sixpence for
298:
Shortly after the promulgation of the new
Charter of Justice for the Colony, a Newspaper was published here, called "The Australian," Edited by Doctor Wardle , a gentleman educated to the Law and who filled a similar situation in London in the Office of one of the Daily Papers, I believe the
777:
422:
but they could be unreliable employees. In 1838, the owners placed an advertisement cautioning publicans against supplying liquor to, "any
Assigned Servant of this Establishment," and advised that, "Any credit given at their own risk."
290:. In the face of a competitor free of censorship the editor of the gazette approached the governor to request that his publication too should be free of censorship. Governor Brisbane agreed and explained his reasoning in a despatch to
490:
But the system is not now so bad as it used to be. Since Dr
Wardell and young Mr Wentworth came out, and began to look after the government and the magistrates, there are not such dreadful doings as there used to be in former
452:). The additional agents helped to double the circulation of the newspaper. But subscribers were still slow to pay, particularly in rural areas, and the newspaper was owed almost £3,000 in unpaid subscriptions by August 1838.
407:
fluctuated over the years. It was valued at £3,600 when purchased by a consortium of Sydney auctioneers in 1828. But its value had declined to £2,000 by 1843, probably due to the economic depression of the early 1840s.
522:
The newspaper continues, today, to serve the public, in that it provides a detailed source of information on social, political, economic and cultural activities in
Australia in the second quarter of the 19th century.
455:
The last issue of the paper appeared on
Thursday 28 September 1848. Publication ceased due to, "the large amount of unpaid subscriptions, which we are unable to collect without proceeding to compulsory measures".
411:
Its circulation also varied over time. It was reported to average 600 copies per issue in 1827, but this had fallen to 400 by 1836. By March 1838 circulation had risen to 800 copies per issue.
321:
Wool is very well, and so are horses and horned cattle, and skins, and hides, and timber, but for lucrative investment of capital, and
Colonial advancement, chose we the SPERM WHALE FISHERY!
329:
was George
Williams (c1784-1838). The paper initially appeared weekly, and then, from April 1826, bi-weekly. It appeared three times a week from October 1838. It usually consisted of four
998:
887:
873:
845:
471:
in
Australia. It created a new forum for the free discussion of constitutional and political issues that had been lacking before. In particular it gave a voice to the disenfranchised,
239:
and dealt with the day to day running of the paper. Wentworth wrote the occasional editorial and provided £4000 for working capital and running costs. The newspaper championed the
1166:
1247:
313:
took an interest in the economy and provided support for any enterprise that promised to create economic growth and employment. One industry it championed was the
432:
themselves. Extra agents were appointed to collect subscriptions, reduce bad debts and increase circulation. There were three agents outside Sydney in 1836, at
705:
356:
was a four-page paper with four wide columns on each page, and quite modern in appearance and arrangement by comparison with its predecessors ... the
475:, convicts and others on fringes in colonial society. It supported economic growth and encouraged new enterprises likely to create jobs and income.
1227:
478:
It created a forum where the government could be called to account. It is also credited with helping to curb some of the worst excesses of the
1237:
396:
in 1827. In the same year he was sued for libel. The same thing happened to the next editor, Atwell Hayes, who in 1829 was found guilty of
541:
303:
the Editor has impressed me with the opinion that the measure has been productive of more benefit than disadvantage to the Public ...
1222:
286:, first published on 5 March 1803. It was subject from the start to the censorship of the secretary to the Governor, and later, the
369:
Wardell was followed as editor and publisher by Atwell Edwin Hayes in 1828 and he was still in charge in 1837. He was followed by
1232:
162:(1803). The latter was a semi-official publication containing proclamations, regulations and it was censored by the government.
1170:
566:
414:
Sometimes publication had to be suspended due to a shortage of newsprint. Another problem was a shortage of skilled labour.
811:
Historical Records of Australia, Series I, Vol. XVIII, p.746, The Library Committee of the Commonwealth Parliament, (1923)
381:
was a financial backer of the newspaper by mid 1843 and as a mortgagee was owed £2,600. Soon after he assumed ownership.
370:
137:
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1091:
716:
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601:
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was the first independent newspaper in the colonies and as such it was pivotal in helping to establish the
378:
271:
260:
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Respecting "The Australian," I shall beg to decline for the present my opinion in regard to its effects.
486:
and other harsh punishments administered to convicts under sentence in New South Wales went on to say,
441:
532:
Nathaniel Lowe when he was tried for executing an Aboriginal man known as Jackey at Wallis Plains.
345:
247:, trial by jury and for emancipists to be given the right to vote and to sit on juries. It opposed
337:, to report an important event, increased its length to six pages. The newspaper was sold for one
334:
156:
It first appeared in 1824 and was the second newspaper to be printed on mainland Australia after
736:
1144:
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951:
834:
751:
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Settlers and Convicts, or, Recollections of sixteen years’ labour in the Australian backwoods
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508:
500:
496:
479:
445:
342:
119:
778:"Wool+is+very+well"|||dateTo|||dateFrom|||sortby=dateAsc The Australian, 12 May 1829, p. 3.
468:
449:
419:
181:
153:(Sydney, NSW, 1824–1848) was an English-language newspaper published in Sydney, Australia.
737:
Victoria Goff, “Convicts and clerics; their roles in the infancy of the press in Sydney,”
8:
373:
as editor and co-owner till June 1841. The assistant editor under Nichols was journalist
360:
introduced the fashion of printing its leaders and other important matter in larger type.
180:
was uncensored and so government censorship of newspapers was abandoned in 1824 and the
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132:
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712:
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221:
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appeared on Thursday, 14 October 1824. The owners of the newspaper were two lawyers,
196:
444:. This number had increased to thirteen by June 1838, and included one agent in the
192:
859:
788:
672:
820:
512:
169:
511:. Many readers also first became aware of the books of British authors, such as
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There were hazards to editing a colonial newspaper. Wardell was challenged to a
504:
397:
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fit for a freeman." It often expressed liberal views and sometimes opposed the
217:
1211:
404:
291:
224:. They had a printing press and other necessary materials with them on the
385:(1786–1860) was made editor in April 1846 and he remained till June 1847.
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by the governor's private secretary over an article that had appeared in
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Wardell had previously owned and edited a London evening newspaper, the
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330:
240:
46:
28:
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The entire run of the newspaper has been digitised as part of the
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cause in New South Wales. It pushed for an elected assembly, a
104:
1082:
An Emigrant Mechanic (Alexander Harris) (1847, 1977 reprint),
499:. Local writers who were first published in its pages include
1202:
427:
country subscribers in 1838. Like other Sydney newspapers,
389:
172:
realised there was little point in continuing to censor
594:
A history of Australian literature, Volume I, 1789–1923
634:
Wilde, William, Joy Hooton and Barry Andrews (1986),
578:
Atkinson, Alan & Marian Averling (eds.) (1987),
400:, fined £100 and sentenced to six months in prison.
228:which arrived at Sydney from Britain in July 1824.
710:, Canberra, National Library of Australia, p. 350.
348:notes layout innovations introduced by the paper.
168:was the first independent newspaper in Australia.
768:, Sydney, Government printer, (1917) pp. 470–471.
766:Historical Records of Australia, Series I, Vol XI
622:The newspaper press in New South Wales, 1803–1920
582:, Sydney, Fairfax, Syme & Weldon Associates.
284:The Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser
1209:
596:, Sydney, Angus & Robertson, pp. 81–3.
1248:Defunct newspapers published in New South Wales
235:. He edited and wrote most of the articles in
636:The Oxford companion to Australian literature
665:
495:The newspaper provided a showcase for early
708:Bibliography of Australia, Vol 1, 1784–1830
515:, when they were discussed in the pages of
542:Australian Newspapers Digitisation Program
27:
706:John Alexander Ferguson (1975 reprint),
608:Australians: Origins to Eureka, Volume 1
270:Robert Wardell (from memorial tablet in
265:
191:
835:The Australian, 21 September 1838, p. 4
677:, State Library of NSW catalogue entry"
403:The market value of the newspaper as a
1228:Defunct newspapers published in Sydney
1210:
638:, Oxford University Press, Melbourne.
56:Robert Wardell & William Wentworth
1086:, Melbourne University Press, p. 10.
567:List of newspapers in New South Wales
482:. One contemporary who commented on
16:Former weekly newspaper in Australia
1238:Publications disestablished in 1848
1022:The Australian, 26 June 1836, p. 1.
37:newspaper, Thursday 14 October 1824
13:
364:
207:
14:
1259:
1189:
592:Green, Henry and Dorothy (1984),
1223:1824 establishments in Australia
1145:"Newspaper Digitisation Program"
1058:"To our friends and subscribers"
980:Atkinson & Averling, p. 202.
550:State Library of New South Wales
201:State Library of New South Wales
1159:
1147:. National Library of Australia
1137:
1117:
1105:
1096:
1076:
1050:
1038:
1026:
1015:
1012:Atkinson & Aveling, p. 202.
1006:
992:
983:
974:
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956:
941:
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
881:
867:
853:
839:
828:
814:
805:
796:
782:
562:List of newspapers in Australia
535:
1233:Newspapers established in 1824
1064:. 28 September 1848. p. 2
771:
759:
745:
730:
721:
699:
690:
656:
1:
1199: (Sydney, NSW: 1824–1848)
610:, Allen & Unwin, Sydney,
572:
546:National Library of Australia
1167:"Digitising our collections"
89:September 28, 1848
7:
624:, Sydney University Press,
555:
341:per copy. In his survey of
10:
1264:
1127:(2023) Black Inc., p. 21.
849:, 24 September 1839, p. 4.
317:trade in New South Wales.
251:and sought, "to convert a
187:
64:October 14, 1824
1114:, 9 September 1826, p. 3.
606:Keneally, Thomas (2009),
526:
459:
222:William Charles Wentworth
128:
118:
110:
100:
83:
75:
60:
52:
42:
26:
649:
548:in cooperation with the
278:The only early rival to
891:, 2 December 1844, p. 4
821:George Robert Nichols,
755:, 6 January 1825, p. 3.
620:Walker, Thomas (1976),
1047:, 3 August 1838, p. 4.
893:, & Walker, p. 34.
877:2 December 1843, p. 4.
493:
362:
333:pages. The occasional
323:
308:
275:
245:low property franchise
204:
1002:, 15 June 1838, p. 4.
792:14 October 1824, p. 4
497:Australian literature
488:
446:Port Phillip District
350:
343:Australian literature
325:The first printer of
319:
296:
269:
195:
1243:Freedom of the press
1102:Wilde et al., p. 48.
741:, 4 (2) 1998, p. 107
469:freedom of the press
294:dated 12 July 1825.
184:began in Australia.
182:freedom of the press
124:800 (as of 1838)
1218:Newspapers on Trove
1125:Killing for Country
863:26 July 1843, p. 2.
544:, a project of the
212:The first issue of
23:
948:The Sydney Monitor
288:Colonial Secretary
276:
205:
174:The Sydney Gazette
159:The Sydney Gazette
138:List of newspapers
133:Media of Australia
85:Ceased publication
33:The first page of
21:
952:31 May 1828, p. 4
727:Keneally, p. 363.
662:Keneally, p. 363.
418:were used in the
416:Assigned convicts
383:Edward Smith Hall
197:William Wentworth
170:Governor Brisbane
146:
145:
1255:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1169:. Archived from
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580:Australians 1838
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71:
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31:
24:
20:
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1173:on 7 April 2014
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1035:5 January 1839.
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513:Charles Dickens
462:
379:James Macarthur
367:
365:The later years
272:St James Church
210:
208:The early years
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90:
84:
67:
65:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1197:The Australian
1191:
1190:External links
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1116:
1112:The Australian
1104:
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1062:The Australian
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1045:The Australian
1037:
1033:The Australian
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1005:
1000:The Australian
991:
989:Walker, p. 23.
982:
973:
971:Walker, p. 56.
964:
962:Walker, p. 48.
955:
940:
938:Walker, p. 16.
931:
929:Walker, p. 11.
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920:Walker, p. 10.
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911:Walker, p. 35.
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902:Walker, p. 34.
895:
889:The Australian
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509:Richard Howitt
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429:The Australian
398:criminal libel
394:The Australian
371:George Nichols
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327:The Australian
311:The Australian
280:The Australian
237:The Australian
218:Robert Wardell
214:The Australian
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739:Media History
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696:Walker, p. 8.
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1175:. Retrieved
1171:the original
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1149:. Retrieved
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1123:David Marr,
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1111:
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1098:
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1066:. Retrieved
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680:. Retrieved
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630:0-424-000237
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536:Digitisation
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480:penal system
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473:emancipists
420:print works
346:H. M. Green
120:Circulation
1212:Categories
573:References
434:Parramatta
358:Australian
354:Australian
335:supplement
331:broadsheet
241:Emancipist
93:1848-09-28
68:1824-10-14
53:Founder(s)
47:Broadsheet
1068:8 January
249:autocracy
233:Statesman
114:Australia
1201: at
556:See also
484:flogging
450:Victoria
442:Maitland
339:shilling
261:governor
199:c1848. (
76:Language
823:Austlit
682:21 July
315:whaling
255:into a
188:History
111:Country
91: (
79:English
66: (
61:Founded
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527:Racism
491:times.
460:Legacy
257:colony
253:prison
226:Alfred
105:Sydney
43:Format
1203:Trove
650:Notes
176:when
1179:2013
1153:2013
1129:ISBN
1088:ISBN
1070:2017
713:ISBN
684:2013
640:ISBN
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507:and
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390:duel
352:The
282:was
220:and
101:City
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