556:. His family admired him as the first son of their family. His mother prevented him from playing with other peers. According to Kasravi himself, from the age of five, his head was shaved according to the tradition of that time, which made him very upset. He was sent to a school in Hekmavar when he was six years old. Nevertheless, Kasravi was a leader in learning, comparing himself to his peers, and he learned many things with his own efforts and with the help of his family. His father died at the age of 12 and (after two years of carpet weaving) he returned to religious school and continued it according to his father's will. Haji Mir Mohsen Agha, who was the husband of the aunt and guardian of the Kasravi family, sent him to the Talibiyeh school. In that school, Kasravi first studied in the school with a man named Mullah Hassan. Kasravi first met Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani, who taught
587:. Tabriz was blockaded. At that time, Haji Mirza Hassan Mojtahed and a group of like-minded people in Dohchi formed the Islamic Association, and Kasravi, who was still a student at the time, was watching. After that, Tabriz suffered from conflict and bloodshed for four months, which resulted in the cessation of the Islamic Association. Kasravi, who was seventeen at the time, was forced to stay at home and read books. At this time, most of the people of Hakmavar, as well as Kasravi's family, were enemies of the constitution, and Kasravi, who had attached himself to the constitution, by force of circumstance camouflaged his attachment. In the meantime, he followed the events of Tabriz until Tabriz calmed down and Kasravi started studying again. After studying for two years, he finally became a clergyman.
723:", so he went to Mr Chesp, the principal of that school, and repeated his request. Chesp considered Kasravi's high school year as a ban on his studentship at that school and had initially suggested that he go there as a teacher and study for two hours a day. Kasravi, who suffers from unemployment, accepted the offer and taught Arabic to The students who studied English themselves. It was in the first few months that he became self-taught about Esperanto and became attached to the language. He also chose a way to teach Arabic to his students. Then he wrote a book about this method called Al-Najm al-Darya, which was taught in Tabriz high schools for some time. In the American school, there were three Christian tribes (Armenian and Assyrian), Muslim and
922:
to go to Tehran when his wife fell ill. At this time, he and a group of thinkers were trying to spread
Esperanto in Tabriz. At the end of September of that year, Kasravi's wife's condition worsened and her hands and feet became swollen. Doctors determined that he had dehydration and needed surgery. After the operation, she recovered for two days, but on the second night she died suddenly and Kasravi was deeply saddened. Kasravi's first wife was his youngest cousin, and Kasravi had no attachment to her and was forced to marry her only at the insistence of her family; But after the marriage, according to Kasravi, the woman had put her love in Kasravi's heart with her purity and simplicity.
838:. They decided that from now on the party would use Persian language and one of its ideals would be to spread this language in Azerbaijan. In the meantime, Khiabani returned to Tabriz, but some of his actions, such as returning the expelled from the party and blaming others for his previous assassinations in Tabriz, angered the Democrats. In the meantime, Kasravi got bored and left the party. With the start of the fourth round of parliamentary elections on 21 July 1919, the street regrouped the Democrats and apologized for their previous actions, calling for the Democrats to show solidarity again; But still, Khiabani dictatorship annoyed Kasravi and others. At this time,
795:, the last Russian tsar, was overthrown. This overthrow affected the time of Iran at that time, especially Tabriz, where the Russians were influential. Meanwhile, a street reopened the Democratic Party in Azerbaijan. At this time, according to Kasravi, some constitutionalists, who had suffered a great deal from others in the past six years, resorted to grudges that Kasravi tried to keep quiet and sheltered some of his former enemies. It was at this time that high schools opened and Kasravi was called to teach Arabic in high school. It was at this time that Kasravi joined the
1034:. Then it was difficult to go to Shushtar, which was the centre of Khuzestan at that time. Kasravi was surprised by the lack of interest in this city and its small size. There he learned that Khazal in Khuzestan did not dominate only Dezful, Shushtar and Ramhormoz, where he also bribed most government employees. Sheikh Khazal was also in the hands of mercenaries who, for example, had killed Sayyid Abdullah, one of the former heads of the judiciary, at the behest of one of these assassins. At this time, 250 Iranian troops were gathered in
834:, which was one of the best alleys in Tabriz at that time. At this time, Taqi Rifat, one of the street supporters, with the help of the Ottomans, founded a Turkish-language newspaper called Azarbadegan, in which he promoted Pan-Turkism. However, since World War I had led to the defeat of the Allies, in October of that year, the Ottoman troops left Tabriz and the Islamic Union collapsed. So Kasravi and the other Democrats reorganized their organization and expelled those who had collaborated with the Ottomans and tried to spread
200:
858:. Kasravi and his companions disbanded their group, but Sheikh Khiabani pursued them and harassed a group of them. Kasravi also had to stay at home. After a few days, he had to go to Fakhrabad, a village two miles from Tabriz. Two weeks later, Major Edmund, the head of the British Political Bureau, called for a meeting with Kasravi. Kasravi went to the British Consulate in Tabriz and met with Major Edmund. According to Kasravi, Britain was concerned about the spread of Bolshevism, as
55:
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things followers of Sufism have done to Islam. The next chapter is about the negative effect of Sufism on its followers because of the nature of the belief system. In the sixth chapter he calls followers of Sufism liars, and criticizes the message of their books as "kramat". The next two chapters are about the
Mongolians' attack on Iran and its relationship with Sufism; Kasravi blames Sufism for Iran’s defeat. The last chapter is about the Greek philosopher
965:. In October, a law was passed to test the knowledge of judges, so Kasravi went to Tehran for the exam and he received the highest score in this exam. He stayed in Tehran for two months and spent this time researching the history of Mazandaran and writing notes on the history of Tabarestan in the weekly Nobahar and researching Ibn Esfandiar's manuscript and comparing it with foreign manuscripts, which he considered the beginning of his writing life.
891:. In the meantime, he was appointed head of the Tabriz Judiciary, which he refused. Meanwhile, Kasravi had not yet brought his family to Tehran and did not have enough money to do so. In the meantime, he was offered membership in the Tabriz Appeal, which he accepted. In February, he set out for Tabriz, where snow and storm kept him on the road for twenty days. At this time, Azerbaijan, like other parts of Iran, was in turmoil, and
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and called him a democrat in order to disperse the people around him. At this time, Kasravi sent his two younger brothers to Nejat
Elementary School, which was not a good thing in the eyes of the people of that time, because his brothers, like other Sayyids, did not wear headscarves and did not wear green scarves. Kasravi, unlike other elected clerics, wore a beard, high-heeled shoes, and machine-made socks, wore a small
811:
their rations. Then typhoid and typhoid diseases spread in Tabriz and left many dead. Meanwhile, one of
Kasravi's brothers and niece also fell ill but recovered, but Kasravi's mother Khadijeh Khanum contracted typhus and did not recover and died. This incident upset Kasravi and he said it was the saddest event in his life after his father's death.
603:, fastened his scarf, and wore glasses, which his opponents considered all because of his cult. After all, he did not fast and criticized the fasting people, and according to him, he only did things such as reciting the wedding sermon. From then on, he took over the management of his family, but he became poor. At this time, he began to recite the
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Sari and stayed there for four months, bringing his wife there as well. He enjoyed life in
Mazandaran, where he studied the Mazandaran language and studied. At this time, Simko Shikak had reached Mahabad and surrendered to the gendarmes and killed them. On the other hand, in Mazandaran, Amir Moayed's revolt had subsided and he had surrendered.
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sell his books, and, of course, enlisted the help of his father's old friends. Kasravi was offered to weave socks and he bought a sock machine, but the machine was unhealthy and
Kasravi returned it, however, the seller did not return his advance payment. He bought another sock weaving machine, but this one also got into trouble and he lost it.
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because his uprising was for
Azerbaijan. At the same time, the Prime Minister had received a coded telegram from the critics that if you rise up to fight the street sheikh, the government will help you, which was also not accepted. At that time, Kasravi had returned to Tabriz, but he and his friends were under pressure and threats.
977:, where they had problems dismissing the former head of the court. After two months, he was offered to go to Arak and he accepted, but the offer was rejected by the people of Zanjan who wanted him to stay. In Zanjan, he resumed writing the book "Azerbaijan in the Twentieth Century". He also researched events related to the
1042:, which was the only government force in Khuzestan at that time, and Sheikh Khazal had a separate government from the central government of Iran. Britain, which benefits many in Khuzestan, also supported Khazal. At this time, Reza Khan was thinking of restoring the central government's influence over this part of Iran.
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beliefs, he criticizes Sufism and brings up contradictions and flaws in Sufism; in the second chapter, for example, he mentions the fact that most of Sufis do not have any occupation, do not get married, and do not care about life before death. The third chapter is about Islam and Sufism, and the bad
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is a book by Ahmad
Kasravi in which he discusses Sufism was published in 1944. It has eight chapters. In the introduction he touches on some common beliefs about Sufism; for example, he says that Sufism has many followers and is very diverse and that there are Sufis in places such as Tehran, Mashhad,
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Kasravi's views threatened both modernist (blind followers of western culture in materialistic concept) intellectuals and the traditionalist cleric class (who worked along and gave legitimacy to traditionalists and Shia leaders who oppose progressive needed changes to modernize the country), not only
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When a group of
Kasravi's companions were arrested in the prison of Sheikh Khayabani, Kasravi had to leave Tabriz with his wife, leaving the cities and diyats alone until he contracted a nausea fever in Shahindaj and stayed there for a month and a half. Because there was no doctor there, Kasravi went
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had allied himself with them, and
Britain wanted to abandon the ideology of Sheikh Khiabani. Major Edmund wanted to incite Kasravi to pursue a street fight, but Kasravi refused and explained that firstly his group would not be able to confront the street sheikh and secondly that he would not face him
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of Nia Kasravi and forced Kasravi to learn from him; But the two were at hostility. Kasravi's leaning towards the constitution and the opposition of this cleric and Mir Mohsen Agha to the constitution also increased his enmity. Therefore, Kasravi stopped learning from him, and as a result, his family
921:
took the rest of his property. Inevitably, Kasravi left his books to his brother to open a library and not be unemployed. At this time, Mukhbar al-Saltanah, who had a good relationship with Kasravi, paid Kasravi's remaining salary, and he paid his debts, and he was somewhat out of trouble. He wanted
810:
were in power in Russia. There was chaos in Iran as well, especially in Azerbaijan. The retreating Russians looted and destroyed cities like Khoy. In Urmia and Salmas, the Assyrian uprising caused bloodshed. With the onset of winter, the government, which fed the meagre, got into trouble and reduced
802:
At this time, cholera spread in Tabriz and Kasravi also contracted the disease. Tabriz also suffered from drought. Under these circumstances, the government provided flour to the people, and the Democrats mediated the distribution of flour among the people. Kasravi also tried to do this in Hekmavar.
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On his return, the enmity between Muslims and Armenians increased, and Kasravi had verbal confrontations with them until one day when he left school, several Armenian students followed him and dragged his cloak away. This led to a Muslim strike at the school, and although the principal apologized to
676:
Through the shop from which he bought the book, Kasravi met several freedom fighters, one of whom was a street that had come to the Caucasus and from there to Tabriz after the parliament closed, and thus a friendship developed between them. He also met Reza Soltanzadeh, who said that this friendship
598:
and his eyes became dim and he suffered from indigestion. After recovering from his illness, his relatives and locals, according to him, forcibly took him to the prayer mosque to become a cleric there. On the other hand, an opponent cleric, whose son-in-law was Mir Mohsen, also preached anti-Kasravi
1113:
were the new rulers in the region, not respectful of Islamic law, thus letting some Sufis (like Hafez) "free to indulge in drinking wine, whereas previously they had to be cautious not to offend the Islamic sentiments of the rulers and the religious authorities." Kasravi was also critical about the
960:
In March, Tehran was informed that Mazandaran's appeal had been dismissed, and Kasravi had to leave for Tehran. On his return to Tehran, he met with Abdolhossein Teymourtash, and this acquaintance later led to their cooperation. After a while, he was sent to Damavand by the judiciary to resolve the
850:
At the same time, divisiveness among Democrats escalated, with Kasravi splitting from the party. In the last meeting that took place between Kasravi and Khayabani, the two talked loudly, and after that Kasravi did not meet with Khayabani anymore. However, in his biography, Kasravi has expressed his
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and after a month he returned to Baku the way he had come and when he could not find work again he went to Tbilisi again. In Tiflis he became acquainted with freedom-seekers and also liked the city and its people, so he remained there for a while. There he became acquainted with botany. However, he
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under the pressure of Haji Mir Mohsen Agha, Guardian their family. However, for the few days that he went to the pulpit, the clerics excommunicated him, and the cleric who was with him in Hakmavar incited the thugs to harm him, and eventually, the people gradually dispersed from his pulpit, and he
1079:
ne is the religion that that honourable Arab man brought one thousand, three hundred and fifty years ago and was established for centuries. The other is the Islam that there is today and has turned into many colours from Sunnism, Shi'ism, Esmaili, Aliollahi, Sheikhi, and Karimkhani, and the like.
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sent him with another caravan, but because the caravan was not satisfied with his company, Kasravi left him and set off on foot to Sari. It was during this trip that Kasravi first came across Iranian dialects and became aware of their existence. Despite all the difficulties, he finally arrived in
934:
was killed in Khorasan. On 12 October, after a long trip, he arrived in Tehran, and after some rest, he went to see the then Minister of Justice, Amid al-Saltanah, but there was no room for him in the judiciary. Thus, Kasravi was caught in bipolar again. He remarried in Tehran. Eventually, he was
680:
At this time, Kasravi made a marriage contract with his cousin, the eldest daughter of their family, Mir Mohsen Agha; But at this time he saw the persecution of the clergy and was accused of cultism and disbelief in religion. On the other hand, because he had nothing to do, he became poor, had to
1249:
was Persian and therefore advocated the linguistic assimilation of Persian in Azarbaijan. In 1927-8 Ahmad Kasravi led the way in establishing the ancestry of the Safavids dynasty with the publication of three influential articles, and disputed the validity of the 'official' Safavid family tree
870:
In Tehran, Kasravi met with his companions who had been expelled from Tabriz by a street sheikh. Although his illness had not left him, he went in search of work. He was eventually accepted to teach Arabic at Servat High School. Meetings were held in Tehran and Kasravi was asked to fight in the
1054:
in Khuzestan. He also saw the ruins of Jundishapur. In Khuzestan, when he became acquainted with the Arabs of that region, he knew that few people except his graduates were familiar with eloquent Arabic. He also knew that not all Arabs have a good relationship with Sheikh Khazal. At this time,
1009:
as prime minister. At that time, Mu'adh al-Saltanah had become the Minister of Justice. Kasravi also set conditions for the acceptance of Khuzestan, and when he was accepted, Kasravi also agreed to go to Khuzestan. Before leaving, he met Reza Khan Sardar Sepah for the first time. Sardar Sepah
684:
Kasravi, who had failed to provide a career and had also sold his books, became very depressed. He was interested in three disciplines: mathematics, history and Arabic, and he spent his time learning and reading these. At this time he wrote a speech in Arabic for a magazine called
1080:
They call both Islam, but they are not one. They are completely different and are opposite of one another.... Nothing is left of that Islam. This establishment that the mullas are running not only does not have many benefits but also causes many harms and results in wretchedness.
961:
disputes between the judiciary staff and the ruler there. After resolving the dispute, they asked him to stay in Damavand and Kasravi accepted. At this time, Kasravi began writing a book in Arabic called "Azerbaijan in the Twentieth Century" and sending it to the monthly
871:
streets, but Kasravi refrained from doing so. Meanwhile, Mukhbar al-Saltanah, who had just become the governor of Azerbaijan, asked Kasravi to join him in quelling the street uprising, but Kasravi refused. Khiabani was killed two weeks later and the riot was suppressed.
1250:
contained in the Safvat al-Safa, and argued convincingly that the ancestors of Shaykh Safi al-Din, who founded the Safavid Order (tariqa), were indigenous inhabitants of Iran. Today, the consensus among Safavid historians is that the Safavid family hailed from
1045:
At first, Khazal and his sons were pleased to know that Kasravi had knowledge of Arabic, but when Kasravi wrote in Arabic newspapers in response to Khuzestan's independent reading and called Khuzestan part of Iran, Khazal became angry with him. Kasravi visited
1084:
Basically, he believed and wrote that "all the present-day representations of Islam have deviated from the essence and the true concept of its foundation". He was particularly critical of Shia (since its formation since the sixth emam, Emam Jafar Sadegh) and
846:
with Britain, but Mohammad Khiabani, contrary to the expectations of his allies, remained silent and did not act on it, which also increased the resentment of the Democrats. It was at this time that Kasravi began working in the judiciary (15 September 1919).
4722:
Contemporary Persian and Classical Persian are the same language, but writers since 1900 are classified as contemporary. At one time, Persian was a common cultural language of much of the non-Arabic Islamic world. Today it is the official language of
1263:
Our words have deep strong roots, and will never be eradicated with a pistol. There will be no better result from using a pistol than bloodshed. Say and write whatever you like, we will never be offended, but your support for thugs has a different
1190:
Shiraz, Maragheh, etc. He goes on to claim that it is not true that science will destroy Sufism and talks about why Europeans adore Sufism. He talks about the root of Sufism and its origin in Greek philosophy. Like his other books about Shia and
659:
From then on, Kasravi was a homemaker for a while and read various books and became acquainted with the sciences of the day, and gradually found friends among the freedom seekers. According to Kasravi, one of the books that moved him to read was
642:
had also begun, he advised the people on the pulpit. Kasravi was not satisfied with this and tried to join the fighters with several rifles; But the war did not last more than four days and the Mujahideen left the city and the Russians conquered
1105:, and thus trying to characterize the Iranian spirit with the errors he thinks belong to Sufis (immorality, irrationality, ...), further promoting idleness and passivity in order to keep Iran subjugated to foreign imperialists. His criticism of
718:
In 1915, Kasravi, in search of new knowledge, found himself in need of learning a European language. At first, he tried to learn French, but he knew that he could not learn without it. So he wanted to go to the American school in Tabriz called
727:, which was a conflict between Christians and Muslims, and Kasravi was not relieved of this conflict. Some Muslim officials were also hostile to him there. Nevertheless, Kasravi calls Mr Chesp a righteous man who was far from religious.
571:
and, according to him, he was dedicated to the constitution from the very beginning. At the same time, a young cleric in Hakmavar became the son-in-law of Mir Mohsen Agha, the guardian of Kasravi's family, and Mir Mohsen started the
830:, which was joined by a group of Tabrizis as well as Democrats, but Kasravi did not join them. At this time, Kasravi, who had been in the hands of enemies for some time, saw better to change his place of life, so he moved to
1565:
The Iranian Language: Originally published as "Kasravi's Papers on the Persian Language by Hasan Yazdani in 1979, is a collection of all Kasravi's writings on the matter of Persian language and linguistics throughout his
651:, one of the long-time enemies of the Constitution, over the city. Anti-constitutional clerics and their followers also inflicted severe violence on the constitutionalists. Kasravi was also forced to visit Samad Khan in
511:, supported the act of Kasravi being murdered, and Navvab and the Fada'iyan were proclaimed heroes following the assassination. Kasravi was the first Iranian Azerbaijani intellectual to take a firm position against
1118:
and considered it as another continuation of the same deviation that started from Shia (penetration and influence of Old Iranian and Judaism beliefs about "a supposed to come saviour" into Islam) to
905:, which was published in Azerbaijan after the Caucasus uprising at the time, also covered the devastation in humorous language. However, Kasravi did not stay in Tabriz for more than three weeks, as
909:
took power in a coup d'etat and he had ordered the closure of the judiciary on 14 March. Thus Kasravi became unemployed again and faced poverty. In 1922, Tabatabaee was ousted and replaced by
749:
When the school closed on 2 July 1916, Kasravi borrowed loans from acquaintances to find work and health (doctors had offered to travel for further recovery) and travelled by rail to the
5210:
1302:, was also against Kasravi's ideas and had called for young martyrs for Islam to counter "this illiterate Tabrizi" a few weeks after the first unsuccessful assassination attempt.
2239:(Tehran: Payedar, fifth printing, 1969), p.4 quoted by Sohrab Behdad, "Utopia of Assassins: Nawab Safavi and the Fada'ian-e Eslamin Prerevolutionary Iran" in Ramin Jahanbegloo,
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After forty days after the death of his wife, on 20 September, Kasravi handed over his children to his brother and left for Tehran again. When Kasravi was on his way to Tehran,
774:
did not find anything there. Then, in mid-October, he returned to Tabriz following his mother's motivation letter and the call of Mr Chesp, the director of the Memorial School.
1274:
On 11 March 1946, while being tried on charges of "slander against Islam," Kasravi and one of his assistants named Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Haddadpour, were knifed and killed in
1146:, he hardly takes into account the historical circumstances under which the movement first appeared and his pontifical judgements no doubt are influenced by his own vision of
981:
in Zanjan, which later helped him write a book on Baha'ism. The differences between the dialects of the Zanjanis and the Azerbaijanis also prompted Kasravi to research the
4764:
495:
He was attacked vehemently by the Shi'ite clergy for his secular ideas and by the court for his anti-monarchical statements. In his early period he was linked with the
5360:
5285:
1142:, believes that Kasravi's work regarding the Bahá'í called Bahaigari is "a short polemic of little historical value". He further explains "in his criticism of the
1199:, whom Kasravi believes is the founder of Sufism, and Kasravi's critique of his ideas. The book attacks all Sufi beliefs, taking some examples from Sufi books.
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17:
1067:, he was respected for his deep knowledge of the religion, as "even his orthodox opponents admit that Kasravi was an able theologian and regard his
1348:
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because of his vision of religion (apart from Shi'a faith and Sufism, he was also sceptical of the Baháʼí), but also due to his critical stance on
478:
220:
4757:
943:, and Kasravi rented a horse and ran away. At this time, Amir Moayed Savadkuhi had revolted against the government in Savadkuh and Sardar Sepah (
5395:
5101:
935:
made a member of the Mazandaran Appeal. On 17 November, Kasravi left for Mazandaran, where at that time the only way to get there was to use
1290:), led by two brothers, Hossein and Ali-Mohammad Emami. The same group had failed in assassinating Kasravi earlier in April 1945 in Tehran.
985:
language and its writings and works. At the end of the summer of 1923, Kasravi was sent to Qazvin to be tested by the judiciary. He went to
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in Tabriz. Although Kasravi was far from a conflict in Hekmavar, this conflict and the stability of the Iranians affected him, and since
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2426:"Iran Chamber Society: History of Iran: Is there an ultimate use for historians? Reflections on Safavid history and historiography"
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and the influx of Turkic words began only with the Seljuq invasion, Ahmad Kasravi believed that the true national language of
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594:. As a result of this disease, Kasravi suffered from a constant disability that was always with him. He also suffered from
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2222:
Sohrab Behdad, "Utopia of Assassins: Nawab Safavi and the Fada'ian-e Eslamin Prerevolutionary Iran" in Ramin Jahanbegloo,
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followed the same path, considering him "a source of disgrace", saying that his "immorality" was due to the fact that the
627:
missionary, he dressed as a Shiite cleric. At Talebieh School, he was a classmate of Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani and Sheikh
1089:, to which he ascribed many ills, from its supposed promotion of stagnation, "irrationality" or even being a tool of the
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Amanat, Abbas. Resurrection and Renewal: The Making of the Babi Movement in Iran. Cornell University Press, 1989. 348-9
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Ahmadi, Hamid (2017). "The Clash of Nationalisms: Iranian response to Baku's irredentism". In Kamrava, Mehran (ed.).
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Ahmadi, Hamid (2017). "The Clash of Nationalisms: Iranian response to Baku's irredentism". In Kamrava, Mehran (ed.).
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947:) had sent an army to suppress him and Kasravi's caravan in Firoozkooh was prevented from following the trip. So the
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entrusted Kasravi to establish a judiciary that would be superior to the British judiciary on the other side of the
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in Iran. In 1941 he established a political party, Azadegan. Kasravi was eventually assassinated by followers of
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2530:(History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution), in Persian, 951 p. (Negāh Publications, Tehran, 2003),
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At this time, too, Kasravi allegedly harassed clerics who knew he was going to an American school to study
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advanced to Tabriz and repulsed Russia, but it was not long before they were defeated and retreated. Thus,
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An Islamic Utopian' 7-10p. (I.B Tauris Publishers, New York, 2000), The Political and Religious Setting.
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and some of his allies and drove him out of Tabriz. The Ottomans formed a party in Tabriz called the
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thus withdrew from the clergy. According to him, the burden of the clergy was removed from his neck.
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1847:(Mongolica, 4), Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, Vol.
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Memoirs of Mohammad Mehdi Abdokhodai, Islamic Revolution Documentation Center Publications, p. 27
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3562:
3368:
1275:
1238:
1223:
1055:
Kasravi was constantly reporting to the Prime Minister on the critical situation in Khuzestan.
628:
507:
group. Many of the prominent members of the then Iranian clergy, including the later Ayatollah
333:
320:
199:
183:
105:
1150:". It should be noted, however, that Amanat considers himself a follower of the Baháʼí Faith.
5215:
5124:
5066:
5036:
4911:
4487:
4315:
4292:
4147:
3894:
3074:
2845:
2764:
2400:
1429:
1231:
931:
906:
792:
5260:
5255:
5011:
4845:
4527:
4392:
4372:
4310:
4069:
3739:
3404:
3389:
3319:
3298:
3280:
3225:
3107:
3038:
2921:
2714:
2709:
2698:
1097:, appreciated by Iranian intellectuals of all tendencies, whom he accused to have favoured
982:
851:
remorse for being so big against a man who was eighteen or seventeen years older than him.
652:
504:
415:
4835:
2032:
1191:
1115:
1027:
888:
731:
464:
Kasravi was the founder of a political-social movement whose goal was to build an Iranian
8:
5119:
5041:
5026:
5006:
4901:
4452:
4191:
4109:
3961:
3946:
3862:
3769:
3726:
3570:
3233:
1376:
1295:
1210:
962:
687:
442:
234:
155:
5164:
5086:
5071:
4991:
4926:
4596:
4581:
4551:
4412:
4256:
3997:
3915:
3802:
3784:
3285:
3186:
2941:
2880:
2835:
2794:
2779:
2685:
1246:
1102:
297:
2573:
2465:
1949:
1071:
as the best book on the fundamentals of Islam and Shi'ism of his time", and, like Dr.
5179:
4996:
4976:
4936:
4820:
4662:
4601:
4507:
4472:
4457:
4442:
4353:
4216:
4129:
4089:
4074:
3992:
3987:
3900:
3807:
3759:
3501:
3353:
3290:
3143:
3087:
2916:
2759:
2645:
2562:
2531:
2516:
2501:
2408:
2209:
Charles D. Fletcher, "The Methodology of Abdolkarim Soroush: A Preliminary Study" in
2038:
2011:
1986:
1961:
1928:
1903:
1878:
1824:
1821:
Islam, Democracy and Religious Modernism in Iran, 1953–2000: From Bāzargān to Soroush
1299:
1251:
1064:
899:. The judiciary has also suffered a lot of corruption, as Kasravi said. The magazine
859:
823:
528:
520:
508:
4742:
1639:
765:
after two days. He did not find anything in Baku, so he boarded a ship and left for
255:
159:
4941:
4860:
4804:
4683:
4512:
4502:
4462:
4447:
4427:
4407:
4402:
4335:
4211:
4178:
4114:
4012:
4007:
3842:
3754:
3721:
3509:
3399:
3181:
2824:
2649:
2589:. In Kate Fleet; Gudrun Krämer; Denis Matringe; John Nawas; Everett Rowson (eds.).
2328:"Juan Cole: Critic assails his possible appointment by Yale | History News Network"
1557:
1535:
1494:
1466:
1407:
1381:
1353:
1325:
1242:
1167:
839:
754:
473:
364:
269:
171:
163:
783:
him through the middle leg, Kasravi, who was upset, did not go to school anymore.
5149:
5001:
4971:
4698:
4657:
4616:
4522:
4477:
4437:
4236:
4201:
4162:
4157:
4104:
3857:
3832:
3812:
3789:
3779:
3734:
3607:
3538:
3325:
3262:
3171:
3148:
3138:
3082:
3009:
2840:
2389:
1953:
1283:
1139:
1075:
some three decades later, Kasravi considered that there were two kinds of Islam:
469:
1298:
had issued fatwas for killing Ahmad Kasravi. The future Supreme Leader of Iran,
4667:
4652:
4647:
4637:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4546:
4517:
4482:
4417:
4397:
4387:
4330:
4266:
4221:
4206:
4084:
4049:
4017:
3977:
3956:
3951:
3936:
3867:
3852:
3749:
3594:
3448:
3358:
3217:
3022:
2493:
2382:
1775:
1227:
1171:
1035:
815:
516:
458:
2327:
5244:
5195:
4881:
4688:
4611:
4606:
4591:
4586:
4561:
4422:
4382:
4300:
4152:
4142:
4119:
4099:
4002:
3931:
3882:
3817:
3774:
3546:
3461:
3438:
3433:
3363:
3345:
3330:
3315:
3311:
3238:
3153:
3059:
3030:
2993:
2967:
2926:
2814:
2640:
2635:
1279:
1106:
1011:
917:
had looted Kasravi's brother's shop in Baku, and when he returned to Tabriz,
708:
500:
314:
1863:
Iran and Its Place Among Nations, Alidad Mafinezam, Aria Mehrabi, 2008, p.57
5129:
5021:
4621:
4497:
4467:
4305:
4271:
4196:
4186:
4079:
4033:
3890:
3827:
3744:
3599:
3551:
3530:
3493:
3477:
3453:
3428:
3303:
3270:
3097:
3046:
2936:
2819:
2774:
2555:
History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution: Tārikh-e Mashrute-ye Iran
1163:
1135:
1123:
1094:
1090:
1072:
1023:
974:
892:
724:
568:
411:
734:
history and beliefs, had discussions with the preachers of this religion.
5061:
5051:
4916:
4732:
4492:
4345:
4325:
4251:
3941:
3837:
3794:
3525:
2799:
2558:
2510:
1098:
910:
835:
704:
512:
453:. He deserted his clerical training after this event and enrolled in the
399:
54:
993:. After that, he returned to Zanjan. In the meantime, he made a trip to
5056:
4986:
4728:
4432:
4340:
4287:
3822:
3257:
3166:
3117:
3102:
3069:
3017:
3001:
2988:
2931:
2809:
1741:
Why did I leave the Ministry of Justice? (A speech on 22 November 1944)
1436:
1155:
994:
914:
880:
807:
712:
635:
532:
465:
407:
3191:
1852:
1282:, a Shi'a extremist cleric who had founded an organization called the
1222:
Kasravi is known for his solid and controversial research work on the
990:
786:
519:, and authored the most important work on the Iranian identity of the
3384:
2910:
2719:
2654:
1159:
1119:
1006:
989:
with his family and stayed there for a month, where he learned about
944:
918:
884:
577:
guardian also resented Kasravi and changed his attitude towards him.
524:
391:
126:
1958:
Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume XVI/1: Kashan–Kašši , Abu ʿAmr Mohammad
1127:
978:
738:
5211:
Russian Empire involvement in the Persian Constitutional Revolution
3469:
3176:
2949:
2906:
2445:
2443:
1960:. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 92–94.
1196:
1039:
766:
750:
639:
549:
446:
430:
403:
138:
134:
2367:
3982:
3198:
3122:
3064:
2769:
2306:
Sufi Castigator: Ahmad Kasravi and the Iranian Mystical Tradition
2293:
Sufi Castigator: Ahmad Kasravi and the Iranian Mystical Tradition
2280:
Sufi Castigator: Ahmad Kasravi and the Iranian Mystical Tradition
2267:
Sufi Castigator: Ahmad Kasravi and the Iranian Mystical Tradition
2254:
Sufi Castigator: Ahmad Kasravi and the Iranian Mystical Tradition
1925:
Sufi castigator. Ahmad Kasravi and the Iranian mystical tradition
1230:. Due to this discovery, he was granted membership of the London
1110:
1015:
770:
557:
130:
2440:
2008:
The Great Game in West Asia: Iran, Turkey and the South Caucasus
1983:
The Great Game in West Asia: Iran, Turkey and the South Caucasus
1030:
in his special ship. From there, he sat on a device and went to
623:
as a teenager and studied Islamic sciences. After a while, as a
531:. Kasravi is widely despised by pan-Turkists in the Republic of
3629:
3409:
3206:
2972:
2962:
2957:
2901:
2896:
1226:. He showed that the ancient Azari language was an offshoot of
1204:
1086:
1051:
986:
831:
758:
677:
was lasting and lasted until the last years of Kasravi's life.
644:
624:
620:
600:
595:
591:
573:
553:
434:
419:
395:
290:
101:
79:
1877:(Rev. ed.). Oxford : Oneworld Publications. p. 104.
1875:
The mantle of the prophet : religion and politics in Iran
1143:
1131:
822:. They were pessimistic about the Democrats, so they captured
3661:
3394:
3092:
2561:, 347 p. (Mazda Publications, Costa Mesa, California, 2006).
2369:
Sayyed Ahmad Kasravi historian, language reformer and thinker
1800:
1031:
1019:
936:
896:
692:
608:
604:
383:; 29 September 1890 – 11 March 1946), later known as
4724:
3443:
3340:
1047:
940:
762:
438:
423:
388:
116:
2605:
2030:
1698:
A Conversation (Goft-o-Shenid, Literally "Said and Heard")
2542:
This book is also available in two volumes, published by
1158:
and the fact that he was "the first Iranian to criticize
2498:
The Mantle of the Prophet: Religion and Politics in Iran
1014:. Kasravi also set off and reached Khuzestan via Iraq (
913:, but the judiciary remained closed. At this time, the
715:
was the battlefield of the states involved in the war.
535:
and Iran, who view him as a "traitor" to Azerbaijanis.
2500:, 416 p. (Simon and Schuster, New York, 1985), Ch. 3.
2354:
Islamism and Modernism: The Changing Discourse in Iran
730:
Between 1915 and 1916, Kasravi, who was familiar with
4772:
1649:
1643:
1549:
1508:
1480:
1421:
1395:
1367:
1339:
1217:
567:
in Tabriz, Kasravi first came across the name of the
476:. The most important works from his body of work are
472:. Kasravi authored more than 70 books, mostly in the
378:
2450:
Mohammad Amini. "Kasravi, Ahmad ii. Assassination".
2383:احمد کسروی؛ پژوهشگری،سرکشی و خرده نگری Khosro Naghed
1710:
A Letter to the Men of Science in Europe and America
879:
In Tehran, he wrote articles about the mourning for
695:, and sent it to publish it without any compromise.
607:
and tried to learn the meaning of the verses of the
2010:. Oxford University Press. p. 299 (note 111).
787:
Joining the Democrat Party and post-February events
614:
1819:Jahanbakhsh, Forough (2001). "Opposition Groups".
1788:
1713:Superstitions (Pendarha, literally "Suppositions")
887:groups. He also had meetings and discussions with
563:In 1904, at the same time as the beginning of the
5242:
2571:
2407:, 122–289 p. (Columbia University Press, 1995).
2405:Russia and a Borderland in Transition Azerbaijan
1806:
1349:History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
634:On 30 April 1909, the Russians clashed with the
479:History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
445:. During his early years, Kasravi enrolled in a
221:History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution
5286:People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution
2725:Inscription of Xerxes the Great in Van Fortress
1093:. His main target in that field was the famous
2356:, University of Texas Press (2010), pp. 50–51.
2142:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2034:The religious thought of Aḥmad Kasravī Tabrīzī
1900:Religion and Politics in Modern Iran: A Reader
1823:. Vol. 77. Brill Publishers. p. 52.
1310:Some of his more famous books are as follows:
777:
619:Ahmad Kasravi entered the Talibiyeh school in
4758:
2670:
1922:
1897:
1604:
883:'s grave, which led to his acquaintance with
548:Kasravi was born on 29 September 1890 in the
468:identity. The movement was formed during the
341:
43:
5361:People assassinated by the Fada'iyan-e Islam
2365:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2077:
2075:
2073:
1600:What are the Benefits of the United Nations?
1202:Kasravi also published several periodicals:
503:, the founder of the Shi'ite fundamentalist
2372:(ML thesis). Durham University. p. 20.
2123:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
1818:
1531:Azari or the Ancient Language of Azerbaijan
753:. During this trip, Kasravi tried to learn
485:Azari or the Ancient Language of Azerbaijan
277:Azari or the Ancient Language of Azerbaijan
168:Azari or the Ancient Language of Azerbaijan
5301:Academic staff of the University of Tehran
4765:
4751:
2730:Achaemenid inscription in the Kharg Island
2677:
2663:
2449:
1872:
348:
334:
53:
4731:and one of the two official languages of
2641:Books from Ahmad Kasravi in Kavehsara.com
2550:1961 edition is in one volume, 934 pages.
2098:
2084:
2070:
744:
2591:The Encyclopedia of Islam, Third Edition
2578:Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. XVI, Fasc. 1
2045:
1985:. Oxford University Press. p. 121.
1754:The Nation's Judgement On Poetry in iran
1005:He was in Zanjan until the beginning of
2584:
2557:, Volume I, translated into English by
2466:"IICHS موسسه مطالعات تاريخ معاصر ايران"
2213:, Vol. 44, No. 4 (Winter 2005), p. 531
1794:
1760:Kasravi's Speech In the Literary Circle
1130:(followers of Ali Muhammad, called the
707:broke out in Europe. At this time, the
14:
5243:
2684:
2423:
2005:
1980:
874:
854:Shortly afterwards, Mohammad Khiabani
418:, as well as an attorney and judge in
5396:Politicians assassinated in the 1940s
4746:
3691:
2862:
2746:
2696:
2658:
2241:Iran: Between Tradition and Modernity
2224:Iran: Between Tradition and Modernity
1947:
1845:Mongol Place-Names in Mukri Kurdistan
2604:Website dedicated to Ahmad Kasravi:
1551:Âzari yâ Zabân-e Bâstân-e Âzarbâyjân
5296:Democrat Party (Persia) politicians
2311:
2031:Mohammad Doustdar Haghighi (1998).
1539:
1498:
1470:
1458:A Brief History of The Lion and Sun
1411:
1385:
1357:
1329:
671:
414:. He was a professor of law at the
368:
44:
24:
4831:Malek Mansur Mirza Shoa O-Saltaneh
2424:Savory, Roger M. (16 March 1995).
1950:"KASRAVI, AḤMAD ii. ASSASSINATION"
1729:
1218:Works about the old Azari language
698:
455:American Memorial School of Tabriz
152:The Constitutional History of Iran
25:
5407:
4932:Mirza Abdul'Rahim Talibov Tabrizi
4774:Persian Constitutional Revolution
2765:Counsels of Adurbad-e Mahrspandan
2598:
1927:. London: Routledge. p. 20.
1404:The 500 Year History of Khuzestan
1321:The 18 Year History of Azerbaijan
1177:
791:It was at this time in 1917 that
565:Persian Constitutional Revolution
560:, at the same school in Talebia.
490:The 18 Year History of Azerbaijan
451:Iranian Constitutional Revolution
228:The 18 Year History of Azerbaijan
18:The 18 Year History of Azerbaijan
5381:20th-century Iranian politicians
5331:Assassinated Iranian politicians
5227:
5226:
3692:
2627:Why is Safavid history important
2454:. Vol. XVI. pp. 92–94.
1738:10 Years in the Judiciary (1944)
1707:Now and the Future Belongs to Us
1341:Târix-e Hijdahsâle-ye Âzarbâyjân
1257:
925:
615:Leaving the profession of clergy
590:In 1909, Kasravi went down with
461:'s words, "a true anti-cleric."
198:
5346:20th-century Iranian historians
4967:Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai
4694:Mohammad Ebrahim Bastani Parizi
4125:Mohammad Hanif (Iranian writer)
2458:
2417:
2394:
2376:
2359:
2346:
2320:
2298:
2285:
2282:, Routledge (2006), pp. 121–135
2272:
2259:
2246:
2243:, Lexington Books (2004), p. 73
2229:
2226:, Lexington Books (2004), p. 73
2216:
2203:
2194:
2185:
2176:
2167:
2158:
2149:
2114:
2061:
2024:
1999:
1974:
1588:The Government Should Answer Us
1490:History of the Lion and the Sun
1134:), then into the Baháʼí Faith.
1000:
856:revolted against the government
242:History of the Lion and the Sun
4877:Kamran Mirza Nayeb es-Saltaneh
3765:Mahmoud Mosharraf Azad Tehrani
2785:Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan
1941:
1916:
1891:
1866:
1857:
1837:
1812:
1771:Intellectual Movements in Iran
1719:The First of Dey and Its Story
1448:History of America's Discovery
1432:or Part of Khuzestan's History
1423:Târix-e Pânsadsâle-ye Xuzestân
973:After a while, he was sent to
955:
457:. Thenceforward he became, in
13:
1:
5110:Zahra Khanom Tadj es-Saltaneh
4897:Mohammad Vali Khan Tonekaboni
3873:Mohammad-Reza Shafiei Kadkani
3113:Abu'l Hasan Mihyar al-Daylami
2863:
2490:Ahmad Kasravi, My Life (1945)
2484:
2269:, Routledge (2006), pp. 50–57
1745:
1680:The Maladies and The Remedies
1540:آذری یا زبان باستان آذربایجان
1523:
1451:An Excerpt of Plutarch's Book
1313:
543:
5386:Linguistic purism in Persian
5351:Victims of Islamic terrorism
5306:Iranian critics of religions
5175:Russian occupation of Tabriz
5155:Persian Constitution of 1906
4826:Mass'oud Mirza Zell-e Soltan
1642:(Shiʿism), 1943, revised as
1627:On the Matter of Materialism
1585:What will be Iran's Destiny?
1570:
1519:History of the Jewish People
1330:تاریخ هیجده سالهی آذربایجان
1241:had been closely related to
968:
380:Ahmad-e Hokmabadi-ye Tabrizi
27:Iranian academic (1890–1946)
7:
5366:Assassinated Iranian people
5316:Iranian former Shia Muslims
5042:Jahangir-Khan Sur-e-Esrafil
3576:Mohammad Qoli Salim Tehrani
1851:, No. 1, pp. 58–81, p. 66.
1764:
1650:
1644:
1630:On the Matter of Philosophy
1579:What is the Solution Today?
1550:
1509:
1481:
1463:Sheikh Safi and His Progeny
1442:Sheikh Muhammad Khiabani's
1422:
1396:
1368:
1340:
1058:
778:Leaving the Memorial School
379:
10:
5412:
4957:Haji-Mirza Hassan Roshdieh
4922:Morteza Gholi Khan Hedayat
4887:Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma
4851:Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma
4795:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar
3654:Mirza Mohammad Taqi Sepehr
2747:
2528:Tārikh-e Mashruteh-ye Iran
2308:, Routledge (2006), p. 148
1902:. I.B.Tauris. p. 55.
1701:In Response to Ill-wishers
1605:Religious and social books
1582:What Should be Done Today?
1412:تاریخ پانصد سالهی خوزستان
1278:in Tehran by followers of
1138:, professor of history at
867:to Tehran sometime later.
5391:Iranian magazine founders
5356:Iranian terrorism victims
5336:Deaths by firearm in Iran
5224:
5188:
5142:
5100:
5077:Jamshid Bahman Jamshidian
4869:
4813:
4787:
4780:
4720:
4676:
4630:
4536:
4362:
4280:
4171:
4062:
4042:
4026:
3970:
3924:
3908:
3878:Mohammad-Hossein Shahriar
3715:
3702:
3698:
3687:
3622:
3587:
3518:
3486:
3421:
3414:Emad al-Din Faqih Kermani
3377:
3250:
3131:
2981:
2889:
2873:
2869:
2858:
2805:Shahrestanha-ye Eranshahr
2755:
2742:
2705:
2692:
2607:Ahmad Kasravi 1891 – 1946
2572:Multiple Authors (2012).
2295:, Routledge (2006) p. 141
2256:, Routledge (2006), p. 47
1689:Our Sisters and Daughters
1651:Beḵᵛānand o dāvari konand
1562:The Book of "K" (Kafnama)
824:Sheikh Mohammad Khayabani
691:, which was published in
585:bombardment of the Majlis
369:سید احمد حکمآبادی تبریزی
145:
122:
112:
90:
61:
52:
41:
34:
5206:Jungle Movement of Gilan
5201:1921 Persian coup d'état
4293:Mirza Fatali Akhundzadeh
3336:Zartosht Bahram e Pazhdo
3159:Shahab al-Din Suhrawardi
3055:Fakhruddin As'ad Gurgani
2715:Old Persian inscriptions
1948:Amini, Moḥammad (2012).
1873:Mottahedeh, Roy (2009).
1781:
1704:Is it Culture or Malice?
1624:In Response to Haqiqatgu
1618:On the Matter of Animals
1305:
1174:' and made it a genre."
1026:, then in Abadan he met
523:region and the region's
5376:20th-century memoirists
5341:People murdered in Iran
5326:Politicians from Tabriz
5291:Iranian revolutionaries
5115:Bibi Khanoom Astarabadi
5092:Edward Granville Browne
5032:Mohammad Farrokhi Yazdi
5017:Mahammad Amin Rasulzade
4962:Jamal al-Din al-Afghani
4907:Ali-Qoli Khan Bakhtiari
4800:Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar
4643:Houshang Moradi Kermani
4247:Houshang Moradi Kermani
4242:Jaafar Modarres-Sadeghi
4227:Mohammad-Ali Jamalzadeh
4138:Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei
3638:Zayn al-Abidin Shirvani
3612:Abbas Foroughi Bastami
2697:
2622:Ahmad Kasravi biography
2585:Ridgeon, Lloyd (2018).
2544:Amir Kabir Publications
2388:9 February 2006 at the
1645:Beḵᵛānid o dāvari konid
1636:On the Matter of Novels
1615:On the Matter of Kherad
1591:In the Path of Politics
1510:Tāriḵča-ye šir o ḵoršid
1369:Târix-e Mašrute-ye Irân
703:In the summer of 1914,
666:Zeyn al-Abedin Maraghei
582:Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar
538:
449:. Later, he joined the
361:Ahmad Hokmabadi Tabrizi
84:Sublime State of Persia
66:Ahmad Hokmabadi Tabrizi
5371:20th-century linguists
5082:William Morgan Shuster
4982:Mirza Abutaleb Zanjani
4841:Sheikh Fazlollah Noori
4095:Ghassem Hashemi Nezhad
3646:Reza-Qoli Khan Hedayat
3267:Shams al-Din Qays Razi
3010:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
2646:Works by Ahmad Kasravi
2332:historynewsnetwork.org
1923:Lloyd Ridgeon (2006).
1898:Lloyd Ridgeon (2005).
1722:The First of Dey, 1322
1677:Religion and the World
1633:On the Matter of Ravan
1621:On the Matter of Islam
1516:History and Its Advice
1272:
1239:ancient Azari language
1234:and American Academy.
1224:ancient Azari language
1082:
745:Travel to the Caucasus
629:Gholam Hossein Tabrizi
321:Mujahideen of Saturday
106:Imperial State of Iran
5216:Iranian Enlightenment
5125:Bibi Maryam Bakhtiari
5067:Haydar Khan Amo-oghli
5037:Mirza Fatali Akhundov
4631:Children's literature
4488:Rasoul Mollagholipour
4378:Rakhshan Bani-E'temad
4321:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
4316:Alireza Koushk Jalali
4262:Gholam-Hossein Sa'edi
4148:Shahriyar Mandanipour
3390:Shah Ni'matullah Wali
3234:Kamal al-Din Esfahani
3075:Ayn-al-Quzat Hamadani
2846:Shikand-gumanig Vizar
2829:Anthology of Zadspram
2401:Tadeusz Swietochowski
2366:Minoo Ramyar (1969).
1843:V. Minorsky. (1957).
1807:Multiple Authors 2012
1716:Work, Jobs, and Money
1695:Questions and Answers
1683:Questions and Answers
1611:The Sacred Foundation
1594:We and Our Neighbours
1261:
1232:Royal Asiatic Society
1077:
1022:). First, he went to
932:Mohammad Taqi Pessian
907:Zia ol Din Tabatabaee
5321:Iranian Shia clerics
5276:Iranian nationalists
5271:Iranian Esperantists
5012:Mohammad Ali Tarbiat
4846:Mirza Nasrullah Khan
4528:Sohrab Shahid-Saless
4393:Pouran Derakhshandeh
4373:Mohammad Reza Aslani
4311:Amir Reza Koohestani
4070:Ali Mohammad Afghani
3740:Mohammad Reza Aslani
3669:Mahmud Saba Kashani
3405:Fazlallah Astarabadi
3281:Afdal al-Din Kashani
3276:Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī
3226:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
3108:Afdal al-Din Kashani
2922:Abu Tahir Khosrovani
2710:Behistun Inscription
2632:Criticism at Kasravi
2452:Encyclopædia Iranica
2237:Dar Piramoun-e Eslam
1757:On Poetry and Sufism
1751:What does Hafez Say?
1725:The Way of Salvation
1482:Šeyx Safi va Tabâraš
1358:تاریخ مشروطهی ایران
416:University of Tehran
387:, was a pre-eminent
5281:Linguists from Iran
5120:Sediqeh Dowlatabadi
5027:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
5007:Mirza Alakbar Sabir
4902:Mostowfi ol-Mamalek
4453:Varuzh Karim-Masihi
4192:Abolhassan Etessami
4110:Mahmoud Dowlatabadi
3962:Abdul Ali Mustaghni
3947:Khalilullah Khalili
3887:Manouchehr Sheybani
3863:Tahereh Saffarzadeh
3770:Mohammad-Taqi Bahar
3727:Mehdi Akhavan-Sales
3369:Zu'l-Fiqar Shirvani
3214:Faramarz-e Khodadad
2800:Shabuhragan of Mani
2146:My Life, p. 100-103
1674:Inquisition in Iran
1397:Šahriyârân-e Gomnâm
1377:The Forgotten Kings
1296:Sadr al-Din al-Sadr
1292:Ayatollah Borujerdi
983:Azerbaijani Turkish
875:Death of first wife
443:Iranian Azerbaijani
249:Religious criticism
235:The Forgotten Kings
214:Historical Research
184:From article series
156:The Forgotten Kings
5266:Iranian memoirists
5170:Majlis Bombardment
5087:Howard Baskerville
5072:Mirza Reza Kermani
4992:Ali-Akbar Dehkhoda
4927:Mehdi Qoli Hedayat
4870:Constitutionalists
4597:Ebrahim Pourdavoud
4582:Ahmad Kamyabi Mask
4552:Najaf Daryabandari
4413:Behrouz Gharibpour
4257:Shahrnush Parsipur
4232:Aboutorab Khosravi
4134:Aboutorab Khosravi
3998:Gulrukhsor Safieva
3916:Edward Haghverdian
3580:Rasa Salim Tehrani
3299:Abu'l Majd Tabrizi
3286:Fakhr-al-Din Iraqi
2942:Abusaeid Abolkheir
2881:Muhammad ibn Wasif
2836:Zand-i Wahman yasn
2795:Dana-i Menog Khrat
2780:Book of Arda Viraf
2686:Persian literature
2120:My Life, p. 92-100
1671:What is "Culture"?
1499:تاریخچه شیروخورشید
1247:Iranian Azerbaijan
1103:Persian literature
1101:in his history of
820:invaded Azerbaijan
806:At the same time,
769:. Then he went to
5238:
5237:
5180:Triumph of Tehran
5138:
5137:
4997:Rais al-Mojahedin
4977:Mohammad Khiabani
4937:Mirza Malkam Khan
4821:Abdol Majid Mirza
4740:
4739:
4716:
4715:
4712:
4711:
4663:Farhad Hasanzadeh
4602:Hamid Samandarian
4543:Amrollah Abjadian
4508:Fereydoun Rahnema
4473:Mohsen Makhmalbaf
4458:Samuel Khachikian
4443:Ebrahim Hatamikia
4354:Mohammad Yaghoubi
4350:Mirza Aqa Tabrizi
4217:Houshang Golshiri
4130:Houshang Golshiri
4090:Mahshid Amirshahi
4075:Ghazaleh Alizadeh
4058:
4057:
3993:Abolqasem Lahouti
3988:Iskandar Khatloni
3901:Fereydoon Moshiri
3848:Mohammad Mokhtari
3808:Forugh Farrokhzad
3760:Manouchehr Atashi
3683:
3682:
3679:
3678:
3672:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3615:
3604:
3567:
3563:Abdul-Qādir Bēdil
3556:
3543:
3535:
3506:
3502:Muhtasham Kashani
3498:
3474:
3466:
3458:
3354:Nozhat al-Majales
3350:
3308:
3295:
3291:Mahmud Shabistari
3258:Abu Tahir Tarsusi
3243:
3230:
3222:
3211:
3203:
3195:
3163:
3144:Suzani Samarqandi
3088:Abu-al-Faraj Runi
3079:
3051:
3043:
3039:Masud Sa'd Salman
3035:
3027:
3014:
3006:
2998:
2954:
2946:
2917:Abu Shakur Balkhi
2854:
2853:
2790:Cube of Zoroaster
2760:Ayadgar-i Zariran
2738:
2737:
2521:978-1-86064-552-5
2428:. Iranchamber.com
2111:My Life, p. 79-97
2095:My Life, p. 71-77
2039:McGill University
1967:978-1-934283-33-2
1909:978-1-84511-073-4
1548:
1507:
1479:
1454:Kasravi's Karvand
1420:
1394:
1366:
1338:
1300:Ruhollah Khomeini
1288:Devotees of Islam
1252:Persian Kurdistan
1237:Arguing that the
1170:coined the term '
881:Nader Shah Afshar
860:Mirza Kuchik Khan
664:'s travelogue by
509:Ruhollah Khomeini
505:Fada'iyan-e Islam
441:, Kasravi was an
377:
358:
357:
178:
177:
127:Ancient Languages
76:29 September 1890
16:(Redirected from
5403:
5230:
5229:
5165:the First Majlis
5143:Important events
4952:Heydar Latifiyan
4942:Hassan Taqizadeh
4861:Vladimir Liakhov
4805:Ahmad Shah Qajar
4785:
4784:
4767:
4760:
4753:
4744:
4743:
4684:Aydin Aghdashloo
4513:Rasul Sadr Ameli
4503:Kambuzia Partovi
4463:Abbas Kiarostami
4448:Abdolreza Kahani
4428:Ebrahim Golestan
4408:Farrokh Ghaffari
4403:Bahman Farmanara
4336:Abbas Nalbandian
4212:Ebrahim Golestan
4179:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad
4115:Soudabeh Fazaeli
4013:Mirzo Tursunzoda
4008:Payrav Sulaymoni
3843:Shams Langeroodi
3799:Parviz Eslampour
3755:Aminollah Rezaei
3722:Ahmadreza Ahmadi
3713:
3712:
3700:
3699:
3689:
3688:
3670:
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3656:
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3571:Naw'i Khabushani
3565:
3554:
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3533:
3504:
3496:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3400:Abu Ali Qalandar
3348:
3306:
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3228:
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3209:
3201:
3189:
3182:Najm al-Din Razi
3161:
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3025:
3012:
3004:
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2871:
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2825:Dadestan-i Denig
2744:
2743:
2694:
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2679:
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2655:
2650:Internet Archive
2594:
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2352:Farhang Rajaee,
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2183:
2182:Kasravi, 194-242
2180:
2174:
2173:Kasravi, 180–193
2171:
2165:
2164:Kasravi, 165–180
2162:
2156:
2155:Kasravi, 152–165
2153:
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2121:
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2109:
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2059:
2058:My Life, p. 5-57
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2003:
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1996:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1954:Yarshater, Ehsan
1945:
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1870:
1864:
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1810:
1804:
1798:
1792:
1692:What Do We Want?
1653:
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1371:
1361:
1359:
1343:
1333:
1331:
1270:
1243:Persian language
1228:Pahlavi language
1208:(1932–1942) and
1069:Shari'ate Ahmadi
840:Vossug ed Dowleh
672:After the clergy
552:neighborhood of
529:Iranian language
474:Persian language
382:
372:
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5401:
5400:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5234:
5220:
5184:
5160:Siege of Tabriz
5150:Tobacco Protest
5134:
5096:
5002:Mirzadeh Eshghi
4972:Hassan Modarres
4912:Colonel Pessian
4892:Ali Asghar Khan
4865:
4809:
4776:
4771:
4741:
4736:
4708:
4699:Ehsan Yarshater
4672:
4658:Poopak NikTalab
4626:
4617:Ahmad Tafazzoli
4532:
4523:Parviz Shahbazi
4478:Dariush Mehrjui
4438:Abolfazl Jalili
4358:
4276:
4237:Mostafa Mastoor
4202:Simin Daneshvar
4167:
4163:Iraj Pezeshkzad
4158:Mansour Koushan
4105:Simin Daneshvar
4054:
4038:
4022:
3966:
3920:
3904:
3895:She'r-e Nimaa'i
3858:Yadollah Royaee
3833:Siavash Kasraie
3813:Hossein Monzavi
3803:Parvin E'tesami
3790:Hushang Ebtehaj
3780:Simin Behbahani
3735:Qeysar Aminpour
3711:
3694:
3675:
3618:
3608:Neshat Esfahani
3583:
3539:Asir-e Esfahani
3514:
3482:
3417:
3373:
3326:Bahram-e-Pazhdo
3263:Awhadi Maraghai
3246:
3172:Falaki Shirvani
3149:Hassan Ghaznavi
3127:
3123:Mahsati Ganjavi
3083:Uthman Mukhtari
2977:
2885:
2865:
2850:
2841:Drakht-i Asurig
2751:
2734:
2701:
2688:
2683:
2613:Ahmad Kasravi (
2601:
2593:. Brill Online.
2587:"Aḥmad Kasravī"
2574:"Aḥmad Kasravi"
2553:Ahmad Kasravi,
2526:Ahmad Kasravi,
2487:
2482:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2464:
2463:
2459:
2448:
2441:
2431:
2429:
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2418:
2399:
2395:
2390:Wayback Machine
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2347:
2337:
2335:
2334:. 26 April 2006
2326:
2325:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2304:Lloyd Ridgeon,
2303:
2299:
2291:Lloyd Ridgeon,
2290:
2286:
2278:Lloyd Ridgeon,
2277:
2273:
2265:Lloyd Ridgeon,
2264:
2260:
2252:Lloyd Ridgeon,
2251:
2247:
2235:Ahmad Kasravi,
2234:
2230:
2221:
2217:
2211:Islamic Studies
2208:
2204:
2200:kasravi, p. 243
2199:
2195:
2191:Kasravi, p. 242
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1732:
1730:Autobiographies
1607:
1573:
1526:
1471:شیخ صفی و تبارش
1430:Musha'sha'iyian
1386:شهریاران گمنام
1316:
1308:
1284:Fadayan-e Islam
1271:
1268:
1260:
1220:
1180:
1140:Yale University
1065:reform in Islam
1063:A proponent of
1061:
1003:
971:
958:
928:
902:Molla Nasraddin
877:
789:
780:
747:
721:Memorial School
701:
699:Memorial School
674:
617:
546:
541:
470:Pahlavi dynasty
354:
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108:
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5328:
5323:
5318:
5313:
5311:Iranian deists
5308:
5303:
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4889:
4884:
4879:
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4871:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4863:
4858:
4856:Amin al-Soltan
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4836:Sheikh Khaz'al
4833:
4828:
4823:
4817:
4815:
4814:Authoritarians
4811:
4810:
4808:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4791:
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4782:
4778:
4777:
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4673:
4671:
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4668:Ramak NikTalab
4665:
4660:
4655:
4653:Hengameh Mofid
4650:
4648:Babak NikTalab
4645:
4640:
4638:Samad Behrangi
4634:
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4627:
4625:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4577:Saleh Hosseini
4574:
4572:Ramak NikTalab
4569:
4567:Sadegh Hedayat
4564:
4559:
4557:Mohammad Ghazi
4554:
4549:
4547:Jaleh Amouzgar
4544:
4540:
4538:
4534:
4533:
4531:
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4525:
4520:
4518:Mohammad Sadri
4515:
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4483:Reza Mirkarimi
4480:
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4425:
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4418:Bahman Ghobadi
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4398:Asghar Farhadi
4395:
4390:
4388:Hajir Darioush
4385:
4380:
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4366:
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4359:
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4351:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4333:
4331:Hengameh Mofid
4328:
4323:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4298:
4297:Mohsen Yalfani
4295:
4290:
4284:
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4269:
4267:Bahram Sadeghi
4264:
4259:
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4222:Sadegh Hedayat
4219:
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4207:Nader Ebrahimi
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4085:Reza Amirkhani
4082:
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4050:Muhammad Iqbal
4046:
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4020:
4018:Satim Ulugzade
4015:
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4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3978:Sadriddin Ayni
3974:
3972:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3959:
3957:Massoud Nawabi
3954:
3952:Youssof Kohzad
3949:
3944:
3939:
3937:Wasef Bakhtari
3934:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3921:
3919:
3918:
3912:
3910:
3906:
3905:
3903:
3898:
3888:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3870:
3868:Sohrab Sepehri
3865:
3860:
3855:
3853:Nosrat Rahmani
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3750:Ahmad NikTalab
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3731:Hormoz Alipour
3729:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3710:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3667:
3659:
3651:
3643:
3635:
3626:
3624:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3610:
3605:
3597:
3595:Hatef Esfahani
3591:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3560:
3557:
3549:
3544:
3542:(c. 1620–1648)
3536:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3513:
3512:
3507:
3499:
3490:
3488:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3480:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3451:
3449:Kamal Khujandi
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3359:Khwaju Kermani
3356:
3351:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3309:
3301:
3296:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3254:
3252:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3236:
3231:
3223:
3218:Nizami Ganjavi
3215:
3212:
3204:
3196:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3044:
3036:
3028:
3023:Qatran Tabrizi
3020:
3015:
3007:
2999:
2991:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2947:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2904:
2899:
2893:
2891:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2877:
2875:
2867:
2866:
2856:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2843:
2838:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2775:Book of Jamasp
2772:
2767:
2762:
2756:
2753:
2752:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2706:
2703:
2702:
2690:
2689:
2682:
2681:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2643:
2638:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2610:
2600:
2599:External links
2597:
2596:
2595:
2582:
2569:
2551:
2524:
2508:
2494:Roy Mottahedeh
2491:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2457:
2439:
2416:
2393:
2375:
2358:
2345:
2319:
2310:
2297:
2284:
2271:
2258:
2245:
2228:
2215:
2202:
2193:
2184:
2175:
2166:
2157:
2148:
2122:
2113:
2097:
2083:
2081:My Life, 60–71
2069:
2060:
2044:
2023:
2017:978-0190869663
2016:
1998:
1992:978-0190869663
1991:
1973:
1966:
1940:
1933:
1915:
1908:
1890:
1883:
1865:
1856:
1836:
1829:
1811:
1799:
1786:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1776:Kashf al-Asrar
1773:
1766:
1763:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1735:My Life (1944)
1731:
1728:
1727:
1726:
1723:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1687:
1686:God is with Us
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1656:Read and Judge
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1598:
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1589:
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1569:
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1555:
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1522:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1486:
1460:
1455:
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1449:
1446:
1440:
1433:
1427:
1401:
1373:
1345:
1315:
1312:
1307:
1304:
1294:and Ayatollah
1266:
1259:
1256:
1219:
1216:
1183:God Is with Us
1179:
1178:Selected works
1176:
1172:Weststruckness
1122:(followers of
1060:
1057:
1038:Fortress near
1002:
999:
970:
967:
957:
954:
927:
924:
895:had conquered
876:
873:
844:1919 agreement
797:Democrat Party
788:
785:
779:
776:
746:
743:
700:
697:
673:
670:
647:and appointed
616:
613:
545:
542:
540:
537:
517:Ottoman Empire
497:Democrat Party
459:Roy Mottahedeh
356:
355:
353:
352:
345:
338:
330:
327:
326:
325:
324:
317:
309:
308:
307:Related Topics
304:
303:
302:
301:
294:
286:
285:
281:
280:
273:
265:
264:
260:
259:
251:
250:
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238:
231:
224:
216:
215:
209:
208:
204:
203:
195:
194:
188:
187:
176:
175:
149:
143:
142:
124:
123:Known for
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
100:
98:(aged 55)
92:
88:
87:
78:
65:
63:
59:
58:
50:
49:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5408:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
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5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
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5324:
5322:
5319:
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5312:
5309:
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5304:
5302:
5299:
5297:
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5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5277:
5274:
5272:
5269:
5267:
5264:
5262:
5259:
5257:
5254:
5252:
5251:Ahmad Kasravi
5249:
5248:
5246:
5233:
5223:
5217:
5214:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5196:Qajar dynasty
5194:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5166:
5163:
5161:
5158:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5107:
5105:
5103:
5099:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5085:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5047:Saad ad-Daula
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4947:Ahmad Kasravi
4945:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4933:
4930:
4928:
4925:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4900:
4898:
4895:
4893:
4890:
4888:
4885:
4883:
4882:Hassan Pirnia
4880:
4878:
4875:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4812:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4792:
4790:
4786:
4783:
4779:
4775:
4768:
4763:
4761:
4756:
4754:
4749:
4748:
4745:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4719:
4705:
4704:Ahmad Kasravi
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4689:Ali Latifiyan
4687:
4685:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4612:Jafar Shahidi
4610:
4608:
4607:Jalal Sattari
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4592:Mohammad Moin
4590:
4588:
4587:Ahmad Shamlou
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4562:Lili Golestan
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4535:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4423:Fereydun Gole
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4383:Bahram Beyzai
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:Saeed Aghighi
4368:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4355:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4332:
4329:
4327:
4324:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4301:Bahram Beyzai
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4279:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4174:
4172:Short stories
4170:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4153:Abbas Maroufi
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4143:Ahmad Mahmoud
4141:
4139:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4120:Reza Ghassemi
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4100:Reza Baraheni
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4041:
4035:
4032:
4031:
4029:
4025:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4003:Loiq Sher-Ali
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Nadia Anjuman
3930:
3929:
3927:
3923:
3917:
3914:
3913:
3911:
3907:
3902:
3899:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3883:Ahmad Shamlou
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:Hushang Irani
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3775:Reza Baraheni
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3708:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3686:
3668:
3663:
3660:
3655:
3652:
3647:
3644:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3628:
3627:
3625:
3621:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3590:
3586:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3564:
3561:
3558:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3547:Kalim Kashani
3545:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3517:
3511:
3510:'Orfi Shirazi
3508:
3503:
3500:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3489:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3471:
3468:
3463:
3460:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3434:Salman Savaji
3432:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3364:Badr Shirvani
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3347:
3346:Homam Tabrizi
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3331:Pur-Baha Jami
3329:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3255:
3253:
3249:
3240:
3239:Shams Tabrizi
3237:
3235:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3154:Faramarz Nama
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3130:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Ahmad Ghazali
3058:
3056:
3053:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3037:
3032:
3031:Nizam al-Mulk
3029:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3011:
3008:
3003:
3000:
2995:
2994:Nasir Khusraw
2992:
2990:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2980:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:Kisai Marvazi
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2927:Shahid Balkhi
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2879:
2878:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2857:
2847:
2844:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2815:Menog-i Khrad
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2791:
2788:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2757:
2754:
2750:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2680:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2636:Khosro Naghed
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2602:
2592:
2588:
2583:
2580:. p. 87.
2579:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2567:1-56859-197-7
2564:
2560:
2556:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2536:964-351-138-3
2533:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:0-671-55197-3
2503:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2467:
2461:
2453:
2446:
2444:
2427:
2420:
2414:
2413:0-231-07068-3
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2391:
2387:
2384:
2379:
2371:
2370:
2362:
2355:
2349:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2314:
2307:
2301:
2294:
2288:
2281:
2275:
2268:
2262:
2255:
2249:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2225:
2219:
2212:
2206:
2197:
2188:
2179:
2170:
2161:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2104:
2102:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2064:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2041:. p. 19.
2040:
2037:(MA thesis).
2036:
2035:
2027:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2002:
1994:
1988:
1984:
1977:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1944:
1936:
1934:9780415665131
1930:
1926:
1919:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1894:
1886:
1884:9781851686162
1880:
1876:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1840:
1832:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1809:, p. 87.
1808:
1803:
1796:
1791:
1787:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1652:
1646:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1608:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1574:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1546:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1528:
1527:
1518:
1515:
1511:
1505:
1496:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1477:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1441:
1439:and Our Notes
1438:
1435:Histories of
1434:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1418:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1392:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1355:
1351:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1336:
1327:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1311:
1303:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1280:Navvab Safavi
1277:
1269:Ahmad Kasravi
1265:
1258:Assassination
1255:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1215:
1214:(1942–1944).
1213:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1187:Khoda Ba Mast
1184:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1107:Hafez Shirazi
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1056:
1053:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1028:Sheikh Khazal
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1008:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:Babi movement
976:
966:
964:
953:
950:
946:
942:
938:
933:
926:In Mazandaran
923:
920:
916:
912:
908:
904:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
872:
868:
864:
861:
857:
852:
848:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
828:Islamic Union
825:
821:
817:
812:
809:
804:
800:
798:
794:
784:
775:
772:
768:
764:
761:and left for
760:
757:. He went to
756:
752:
742:
740:
735:
733:
728:
726:
722:
716:
714:
710:
706:
696:
694:
690:
689:
682:
678:
669:
667:
663:
657:
654:
650:
646:
641:
637:
632:
630:
626:
622:
612:
610:
606:
602:
597:
593:
588:
586:
583:
578:
575:
570:
566:
561:
559:
555:
551:
536:
534:
530:
527:language, an
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
501:Navvab Safavi
498:
493:
491:
487:
486:
481:
480:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
390:
386:
385:Ahmad Kasravi
381:
375:
366:
362:
351:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
331:
329:
328:
322:
318:
316:
315:Navvab Safavi
313:
312:
311:
310:
306:
305:
300:
299:
295:
293:
292:
288:
287:
283:
282:
279:
278:
274:
272:
271:
267:
266:
262:
261:
258:
257:
253:
252:
248:
247:
244:
243:
239:
237:
236:
232:
230:
229:
225:
223:
222:
218:
217:
213:
212:
211:
210:
206:
205:
201:
197:
196:
193:
192:Ahmad Kasravi
190:
189:
185:
182:
181:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
150:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
94:11 March 1946
93:
89:
85:
81:
64:
60:
56:
51:
40:
36:Ahmad Kasravi
33:
30:
19:
5130:Zainab Pasha
5022:Aref Qazvini
4946:
4703:
4622:Abbas Zaryab
4498:Jafar Panahi
4468:Majid Majidi
4306:Bahman Forsi
4272:Goli Taraqqi
4197:Javad Mojabi
4187:Sadeq Chubak
4183:Shamim Bahar
4080:Bozorg Alavi
4034:Asad Gulzoda
3891:Nima Yooshij
3828:Bijan Jalali
3745:Aref Qazvini
3693:Contemporary
3630:Mirza Ghalib
3600:Azar Bigdeli
3559:Saba Kashani
3552:Hazin Lāhiji
3531:Saib Tabrizi
3494:Vahshi Bafqi
3478:Baba Faghani
3454:Ahli Shirazi
3429:Ubayd Zakani
3304:Amir Khusrau
3294:(1288–1320s)
3271:Sultan Walad
3098:Banu Goshasp
3047:Omar Khayyam
2937:Rabia Balkhi
2820:Jamasp Namag
2614:
2606:
2590:
2577:
2554:
2548:Amir Kabir's
2547:
2543:
2539:
2527:
2514:
2497:
2472:26 September
2470:. Retrieved
2460:
2451:
2432:26 September
2430:. Retrieved
2419:
2404:
2396:
2378:
2368:
2361:
2353:
2348:
2336:. Retrieved
2331:
2322:
2313:
2305:
2300:
2292:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2236:
2231:
2223:
2218:
2210:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2116:
2063:
2033:
2026:
2007:
2001:
1982:
1976:
1957:
1943:
1924:
1918:
1899:
1893:
1874:
1868:
1859:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1820:
1814:
1802:
1795:Ridgeon 2018
1790:
1666:
1661:
1655:
1610:
1597:Our Officers
1529:
1488:
1462:
1457:
1403:
1375:
1347:
1319:
1309:
1287:
1273:
1262:
1236:
1221:
1209:
1203:
1201:
1186:
1182:
1181:
1164:Eurocentrism
1152:
1147:
1136:Abbas Amanat
1124:Shaykh Ahmad
1116:Baháʼí Faith
1095:E. G. Browne
1091:Orientalists
1083:
1078:
1073:Ali Shariati
1068:
1062:
1044:
1024:Khorramshahr
1012:Arvand River
1007:Sardar Sepah
1004:
1001:in Khuzestan
972:
959:
929:
911:Ahmad Ghavam
900:
893:Simko Shikak
878:
869:
865:
853:
849:
813:
805:
801:
790:
781:
748:
736:
729:
717:
702:
686:
683:
679:
675:
658:
633:
618:
589:
579:
569:constitution
562:
547:
513:pan-Turkists
494:
489:
483:
477:
463:
433:(Hokmabad),
428:
412:intellectual
406:, a staunch
384:
360:
359:
296:
289:
284:Publications
275:
268:
254:
240:
233:
226:
219:
191:
147:Notable work
96:(1946-03-11)
29:
5261:1946 deaths
5256:1890 births
5062:Nikol Duman
5052:Sattar Khan
4917:Yeprem Khan
4781:Key figures
4733:Afghanistan
4537:Translators
4493:Amir Naderi
4363:Screenplays
4346:Pari Saberi
4326:Bijan Mofid
4252:Bijan Najdi
3942:Raziq Faani
3925:Afghanistan
3838:Esmail Khoi
3795:Bijan Elahi
3671:(1813–1893)
3665:(1808–1854)
3657:(1801–1880)
3649:(1800–1871)
3641:(1779–1837)
3633:(1797–1869)
3614:(1798–1857)
3603:(1722–1781)
3566:(1642–1720)
3555:(1692–1766)
3534:(1607–1670)
3526:Taleb Amoli
3505:(1500–1588)
3497:(1523–1583)
3473:(1487–1524)
3465:(1483–1556)
3457:(1454–1535)
3349:(1238–1314)
3307:(1253–1325)
3229:(1149–1209)
3221:(1141–1209)
3210:(1126–1189)
3202:(1120–1190)
3162:(1155–1191)
3078:(1098–1131)
3050:(1048–1131)
3042:(1046–1121)
3034:(1018–1092)
3026:(1009–1072)
3013:(1006–1088)
3005:(1058–1111)
2997:(1004–1088)
2832:Warshtmansr
2615:BBC Persian
2559:Evan Siegel
2511:Ali Rahnema
2468:. Iichs.org
1558:Zabân-e Pâk
1286:(literally
1099:Sufi poetry
956:In Damavand
842:signed the
836:Pan-Turkism
793:Nicholas II
725:Ali-Illahis
705:World War I
662:Ibrahim Bey
653:Bagh-e Amir
270:Zabân-e Pâk
263:Linguistics
164:Zabân-e Pâk
113:Nationality
5245:Categories
5057:Bāqer Khān
4987:Iraj Mirza
4729:Tajikistan
4433:Ali Hatami
4341:Akbar Radi
4288:Reza Abdoh
4027:Uzbekistan
3971:Tajikistan
3823:Iraj Mirza
3167:Adib Sabir
3103:Borzu-Nama
3070:Manuchehri
3018:Asadi Tusi
3002:Al-Ghazali
2989:Bābā Tāher
2953:(980–1037)
2945:(967–1049)
2810:Bundahishn
2485:References
2338:22 October
1830:9004119825
1746:Literature
1524:Linguistic
1437:Tabaristan
1314:Historical
1276:open court
1168:Al-e Ahmad
1156:secularism
919:Shahsevans
915:Bolsheviks
808:Bolsheviks
713:Azerbaijan
649:Samad Khan
636:Mujahideen
544:Early life
533:Azerbaijan
521:Azerbaijan
408:secularist
404:theologian
72:1890-09-29
45:احمد کسروی
4677:Essayists
3385:Ibn Yamin
2911:Shahnameh
2864:Classical
2720:Ganjnameh
2546:in 1984.
1576:The Court
1571:Political
1545:romanized
1504:romanized
1476:romanized
1417:romanized
1391:romanized
1363:romanized
1335:romanized
1160:modernism
1120:Shaykhism
995:Soltanieh
969:In Zanjan
945:Reza Shah
885:Esperanto
814:In 1918,
580:In 1908,
525:Old Azeri
515:from the
392:historian
374:romanized
5232:Category
5189:See also
4788:Monarchs
4043:Pakistan
3785:Dehkhoda
3470:Ismail I
3320:Golestān
3242:(d.1248)
3139:Iranshah
2950:Avicenna
2907:Ferdowsi
2386:Archived
1765:See also
1662:Baháʼísm
1640:Šiʿigari
1444:Uprising
1267:—
1264:meaning.
1197:Plotinus
1059:Religion
1040:Shushtar
963:Al-Irfan
949:Cossacks
767:Ashgabat
751:Caucasus
709:Ottomans
688:Al-Irfan
640:Muharram
550:Hokmavar
447:seminary
431:Hokmavar
429:Born in
400:linguist
170:(all in
139:religion
135:Politics
3983:Farzona
3909:Armenia
3199:Khaqani
3118:Mu'izzi
3065:Hujwiri
2932:Bal'ami
2770:Dēnkard
1956:(ed.).
1658:), 1944
1547::
1536:Persian
1513:), 1931
1506::
1495:Persian
1478::
1467:Persian
1419::
1408:Persian
1393::
1382:Persian
1365::
1354:Persian
1337::
1326:Persian
1211:Parcham
1166:before
1148:pakdini
1126:) then
1111:Mongols
1036:Salasel
1016:Baghdad
991:Táhirih
889:Baha'is
818:troops
816:Ottoman
771:Mashhad
755:Russian
558:Ptolemy
466:secular
389:Iranian
376::
365:Persian
298:Parcham
256:Shiʿism
172:Persian
160:Shi'ism
131:history
117:Iranian
4063:Novels
3703:Poetry
3462:Fuzuli
3439:Hatefi
3410:Nasimi
3316:Bustan
3207:Anvari
3192:c.1220
3190:(1142–
2973:Ayyuqi
2963:Asjadi
2958:Unsuri
2902:Daqiqi
2897:Rudaki
2749:Middle
2565:
2534:
2519:
2504:
2411:
2014:
1989:
1964:
1931:
1906:
1881:
1827:
1667:Sufism
1205:Payman
1192:Baháʼí
1128:Babism
1087:Sufism
1052:Dezful
987:Qazvin
975:Zanjan
937:horses
832:Lilava
759:Tiflis
739:Babism
732:Baha'i
645:Tabriz
625:Shiite
621:Tabriz
609:Qur'an
605:Qur'an
601:turban
596:anemia
592:typhus
574:mosque
554:Tabriz
435:Tabriz
420:Tehran
396:jurist
291:Payman
186:about:
102:Tehran
80:Tabriz
5102:Women
4281:Plays
3662:Qaani
3623:1800s
3588:1700s
3519:1600s
3487:1500s
3422:1400s
3395:Hafez
3378:1300s
3312:Saadi
3251:1200s
3187:Attar
3177:Am'aq
3132:1100s
3093:Sanai
2982:1000s
2540:Note:
1952:. In
1853:JSTOR
1782:Notes
1566:life.
1306:Books
1032:Ahvaz
1020:Basra
897:Urmia
693:Sidon
207:Works
4725:Iran
3716:Iran
3444:Jami
3341:Rumi
2890:900s
2874:800s
2563:ISBN
2532:ISBN
2517:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2474:2013
2434:2013
2409:ISBN
2340:2020
2012:ISBN
1987:ISBN
1962:ISBN
1929:ISBN
1904:ISBN
1879:ISBN
1825:ISBN
1162:and
1050:and
1048:Susa
1018:and
941:Mule
939:and
763:Baku
539:Life
488:and
439:Iran
424:Iran
410:and
91:Died
62:Born
2699:Old
2648:at
2634:by
1648:or
1185:or
1144:Bab
1132:Bab
492:.
5247::
4727:,
3318:/
2576:.
2538:.
2513:,
2496:,
2442:^
2403:,
2330:.
2125:^
2100:^
2086:^
2072:^
2047:^
1849:19
1542:,
1538::
1501:,
1497::
1473:,
1469::
1414:,
1410::
1388:,
1384::
1360:,
1356::
1332:,
1328::
1254:.
997:.
799:.
741:.
668:.
611:.
482:,
437:,
426:.
422:,
402:,
398:,
394:,
371:,
367::
166:;
162:;
158:;
154:;
137:,
133:,
129:,
104:,
82:,
4766:e
4759:t
4752:v
4735:.
3897:)
3893:(
3322:)
3314:(
3194:)
2913:)
2909:(
2678:e
2671:t
2664:v
2617:)
2476:.
2436:.
2342:.
2020:.
1995:.
1970:.
1937:.
1912:.
1887:.
1833:.
1797:.
1654:(
1554:)
1534:(
1493:(
1485:)
1465:(
1426:)
1406:(
1400:)
1380:(
1372:)
1352:(
1344:)
1324:(
719:"
363:(
349:e
342:t
335:v
323:"
319:"
174:)
141:.
74:)
70:(
20:)
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