385:
1993:
363:
451:
2397:
407:
51:
429:
3184:
473:
341:
33:
319:
502:
closely resembles a modern royal tern. It may be an unexpectedly early (3.7–4.8 million years before present) specimen of that species, or an ancestral member of the crested tern group.
704:"Miocene and Pliocene birds from the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina" in Ray, C. E. & Bohaska, D.J. (2001). "Geology and Paleontology of the Lee Creek Mine, North Carolina, III."
234:
These large terns breed in very dense colonies on coasts and islands, and exceptionally inland on suitable large freshwater lakes close to the coast. They nest in a ground scrape.
242:. The offering of fish by the male to the female is part of the courtship display. These species have long thin sharp bills, usually a shade of yellow or orange except in the
238:
terns feed by plunge-diving for fish, almost invariably from the sea. They usually dive directly, and not from the "stepped-hover" favoured by, for example, the
2289:
378:
Southern
Mediterranean and Red Seas across the Indian Ocean to the western Pacific, and Australia, also wintering on African west coast south to Senegal.
2536:
227:
It has a worldwide distribution, and many of its species are abundant and well-known birds in their ranges. This genus had originally been created by
1716:
2576:
2044:
1619:
1420:
3316:
2472:
1366:
3030:
2781:
2248:
2119:
1768:
1479:
3355:
2988:
2902:
2771:
2761:
2309:
1656:
1377:
1355:
3132:
3068:
2462:
2442:
2299:
2142:
1854:
1706:
1489:
3142:
2999:
2751:
3160:
2609:
2556:
2347:
1930:
1440:
2272:
2234:
2095:
1253:
647:
3290:
384:
1992:
546:"A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution"
3329:
3455:
655:
3334:
641:
334:
Coasts of the
Americas, from Virginia, USA south to Chubut, Argentina in east, and California south to Peru in west.
3404:
3360:
231:
in 1822, but had been abandoned until a 2005 study confirmed the need for a separate genus for the crested terns.
739:
250:
where the bills are black with yellow tips in most subspecies. All species have a shaggy crest. In winter, the
3422:
3342:
1246:
466:
East coast of the
Americas from New Jersey south to Chubut, Argentina, also wintering on the Pacific coast.
2396:
3269:
3264:
3251:
519:
444:
Northern Europe to
Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas, wintering south to South Africa and Sri Lanka.
671:
50:
3409:
3370:
395:
1239:
914:
3183:
951:
837:
3396:
1231:
3204:
1220:
1143:
3321:
3391:
3383:
884:
879:
488:
Southern
California, USA and western Mexico and wintering south to Peru, Ecuador and Chile.
3450:
3242:
1148:
847:
560:
417:
351:
545:
8:
3445:
1202:
1082:
1077:
732:
701:
373:
564:
1087:
1042:
996:
961:
889:
857:
812:
45:
3378:
3277:
1072:
1067:
1062:
1047:
956:
919:
909:
822:
807:
797:
651:
576:
2912:
2792:
2545:
2452:
2210:
1904:
1345:
1184:
1052:
872:
827:
752:
568:
362:
3282:
3256:
2885:
2203:
2034:
1948:
1321:
1306:
1263:
1031:
1017:
941:
832:
802:
620:
461:
450:
247:
102:
3347:
624:
572:
400:
Coasts of
Mauritania to Guinea, wintering north to Morocco and south to Angola.
356:
From South Africa around the Indian Ocean to the central
Pacific and Australia.
3100:
2085:
2071:
1968:
1667:
1123:
725:
629:. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 341.
598:
594:
267:
228:
139:
406:
3439:
3227:
2625:
2600:
2585:
2160:
2064:
1937:
1913:
1783:
991:
904:
862:
499:
439:
428:
283:
275:
243:
156:
675:
3109:
3051:
3037:
2933:
2919:
2700:
2636:
2365:
2354:
2224:
2187:
2169:
2130:
1957:
1811:
1800:
1776:
1676:
1503:
1455:
1036:
986:
894:
867:
852:
792:
580:
483:
472:
271:
148:
717:
3303:
3236:
3006:
2978:
2947:
2940:
2847:
2831:
2804:
2735:
2693:
2670:
2501:
2414:
2255:
1820:
1747:
1727:
1562:
1510:
1409:
1105:
1057:
1026:
977:
966:
932:
817:
239:
340:
32:
3295:
3120:
2964:
2878:
2715:
2652:
2645:
2508:
2381:
2323:
2316:
2176:
2149:
2109:
2102:
2078:
1977:
1920:
1861:
1844:
1837:
1827:
1756:
1630:
1496:
1430:
1388:
1294:
1166:
946:
329:
3308:
318:
3150:
3013:
2840:
2518:
2241:
2055:
2010:
1889:
1882:
1875:
1868:
1736:
1687:
1595:
1542:
1522:
1134:
1006:
1001:
899:
842:
543:
62:
3198:
3221:
3075:
3044:
3020:
2957:
2892:
2813:
2686:
2330:
2217:
1790:
1639:
1399:
1282:
1215:
495:
82:
3417:
2862:
2820:
2679:
2565:
2483:
2426:
2374:
2196:
1696:
1465:
1300:
1261:
770:
221:
112:
422:
Fujian
Province, China, and wintering south to the Philippines.
3167:
3058:
2724:
2618:
2492:
2337:
2279:
2262:
1646:
1276:
72:
2971:
2926:
2871:
1288:
783:
761:
3089:
2525:
748:
217:
122:
92:
544:
Bridge, Eli S.; Jones, Andrew W.; Baker, Allan J. (2005).
900:
Vega gull (or East
Siberian gull / Mongolian gull)
3156:
3138:
3128:
3064:
3026:
2995:
2984:
2953:
2908:
2898:
2787:
2777:
2767:
2757:
2747:
2667:
2514:
2468:
2458:
2448:
2438:
2343:
2305:
2295:
2285:
2268:
2230:
2138:
2115:
2091:
2040:
2030:
1926:
1850:
1833:
1796:
1764:
1712:
1702:
1652:
1615:
1476:
1452:
1436:
1426:
1416:
1405:
1395:
1383:
1373:
1362:
1351:
1341:
694:
3437:
774:(† indicates a species confirmed to be extinct)
1332:
1247:
733:
643:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
747:
670:
498:fossil bone fragment from the northeastern
1254:
1240:
952:Great black-headed gull (or Pallas's gull)
740:
726:
31:
706:Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology
537:
282:). The generic name is derived from the
639:
3438:
1053:Grey-headed gull (or grey-hooded gull)
619:
3203:
3202:
2412:
2008:
1593:
1319:
1235:
721:
682:. International Ornithologists' Union
553:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
3423:E63F09E0-F262-42AA-9FAB-EF8C1B9C5D4A
3371:9b90f294-f90e-4375-802f-00d3bbfaef3a
646:. London: Christopher Helm. p.
593:
266:was erected by the German zoologist
1320:
274:was subsequently designated as the
13:
664:
633:
512:
297:The genus contains eight species:
292:
216:, is a genus of eight species of
14:
3467:
526:. The Trust for Avian Systematics
3182:
2395:
1991:
626:Check-list of Birds of the World
471:
449:
427:
405:
383:
361:
339:
317:
49:
674:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
254:terns' foreheads become white.
613:
587:
1:
2009:
1594:
676:"Noddies, gulls, terns, auks"
505:
3456:Taxa named by Friedrich Boie
7:
680:World Bird List Version 9.2
573:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.010
257:
10:
3472:
640:Jobling, James A. (2010).
3211:
3179:
3119:
3099:
2861:
2830:
2803:
2743:
2734:
2714:
2666:
2635:
2608:
2599:
2575:
2555:
2535:
2491:
2482:
2434:
2425:
2421:
2408:
2393:
2364:
2186:
2159:
2129:
2054:
2021:
2017:
2004:
1989:
1967:
1947:
1903:
1810:
1755:
1746:
1726:
1686:
1666:
1629:
1606:
1602:
1589:
1561:
1541:
1521:
1475:
1451:
1328:
1315:
1271:
1211:
1193:
1175:
1157:
1132:
1114:
1096:
1015:
975:
930:
781:
760:
396:West African crested tern
391:Thalasseus albididorsalis
172:
167:
154:
147:
46:Scientific classification
44:
39:
30:
23:
2413:
1266:and their extinct allies
915:Lesser black-backed gull
843:Kelp gull (or Cape gull)
838:Great black-backed gull
435:Thalasseus sandvicensis
280:Thalasseus sandvicensis
1221:Hybridisation in gulls
1144:Black-legged kittiwake
457:Thalasseus acuflavidus
369:Thalasseus bengalensis
3392:Paleobiology Database
885:American herring gull
880:European herring gull
413:Thalasseus bernsteini
1149:Red-legged kittiwake
848:Glaucous-winged gull
524:aviansystematics.org
418:Chinese crested tern
352:Greater crested tern
1203:Swallow-tailed gull
1078:Slender-billed gull
565:2005MolPE..35..459B
374:Lesser crested tern
2537:Synthliboramphini
962:Mediterranean gull
890:Yellow-legged gull
858:Yellow-footed gull
599:"Generalübersicht"
479:Thalasseus elegans
325:Thalasseus maximus
3433:
3432:
3379:Open Tree of Life
3205:Taxon identifiers
3196:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3177:
3176:
2857:
2856:
2710:
2709:
2662:
2661:
2595:
2594:
2404:
2403:
2391:
2390:
2000:
1999:
1987:
1986:
1899:
1898:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1229:
1228:
1216:Gull eggs as food
1073:Black-headed gull
1068:Brown-headed gull
1063:Black-billed gull
1048:Brown-hooded gull
910:Slaty-backed gull
823:Short-billed gull
808:Black-tailed gull
657:978-1-4081-2501-4
621:Peters, James Lee
492:
491:
347:Thalasseus bergii
205:
204:
179:T. albididorsalis
143:
3463:
3426:
3425:
3413:
3412:
3400:
3399:
3387:
3386:
3374:
3373:
3364:
3363:
3351:
3350:
3348:NHMSYS0021256575
3338:
3337:
3325:
3324:
3312:
3311:
3299:
3298:
3286:
3285:
3273:
3272:
3260:
3259:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3232:
3231:
3230:
3200:
3199:
3187:
3186:
3158:
3140:
3130:
3066:
3028:
2997:
2986:
2955:
2910:
2900:
2789:
2779:
2769:
2759:
2749:
2741:
2740:
2669:
2606:
2605:
2546:Synthliboramphus
2516:
2489:
2488:
2470:
2460:
2453:Hydrotherikornis
2450:
2440:
2432:
2431:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2409:
2399:
2345:
2307:
2297:
2287:
2270:
2232:
2140:
2117:
2093:
2042:
2032:
2019:
2018:
2006:
2005:
1995:
1928:
1905:Recurvirostridae
1852:
1835:
1798:
1766:
1753:
1752:
1714:
1704:
1654:
1617:
1604:
1603:
1591:
1590:
1478:
1454:
1438:
1428:
1418:
1407:
1397:
1385:
1375:
1364:
1353:
1346:Charadriisimilis
1343:
1330:
1329:
1317:
1316:
1256:
1249:
1242:
1233:
1232:
1083:Bonaparte's gull
828:Ring-billed gull
742:
735:
728:
719:
718:
712:
698:
692:
691:
689:
687:
668:
662:
661:
637:
631:
630:
617:
611:
610:
591:
585:
584:
550:
541:
535:
534:
532:
531:
516:
475:
453:
431:
409:
387:
365:
343:
321:
300:
299:
138:
54:
53:
35:
21:
20:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3460:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3421:
3416:
3408:
3403:
3395:
3390:
3382:
3377:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3354:
3346:
3341:
3333:
3328:
3320:
3315:
3307:
3302:
3294:
3289:
3281:
3276:
3268:
3263:
3255:
3250:
3241:
3240:
3235:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3207:
3197:
3188:
3181:
3173:
3115:
3095:
2886:Chroicocephalus
2853:
2826:
2799:
2730:
2706:
2658:
2631:
2591:
2571:
2551:
2531:
2478:
2417:
2400:
2387:
2360:
2182:
2155:
2125:
2050:
2013:
1996:
1983:
1963:
1949:Ibidorhynchidae
1943:
1895:
1806:
1742:
1722:
1682:
1662:
1625:
1598:
1577:
1557:
1537:
1517:
1471:
1447:
1324:
1322:Charadriiformes
1311:
1307:Charadriiformes
1267:
1260:
1230:
1225:
1207:
1189:
1171:
1153:
1128:
1110:
1092:
1088:Saunders's gull
1043:Hartlaub's gull
1032:Red-billed gull
1018:Chroicocephalus
1011:
997:Franklin's gull
971:
942:White-eyed gull
926:
833:California gull
813:Heermann's gull
777:
756:
746:
716:
715:
702:Rasmussen, P.C.
699:
695:
685:
683:
669:
665:
658:
638:
634:
618:
614:
595:Boie, Friedrich
592:
588:
548:
542:
538:
529:
527:
518:
517:
513:
508:
295:
293:List of species
289:meaning "sea".
260:
199:T. sandvicensis
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
163:
160:
157:Sterna cantiaca
137:
103:Charadriiformes
48:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3414:
3401:
3388:
3375:
3365:
3352:
3339:
3326:
3313:
3300:
3287:
3274:
3261:
3248:
3233:
3217:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3194:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3154:
3147:
3136:
3125:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3105:
3103:
3101:Stercorariidae
3097:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3062:
3055:
3048:
3041:
3034:
3024:
3017:
3010:
3003:
2993:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2951:
2944:
2937:
2930:
2923:
2916:
2906:
2896:
2889:
2882:
2875:
2867:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2844:
2836:
2834:
2828:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2817:
2809:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2797:
2785:
2775:
2765:
2755:
2744:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2720:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2675:
2673:
2664:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2614:
2612:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2589:
2581:
2579:
2577:Brachyramphini
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2561:
2559:
2553:
2552:
2550:
2549:
2541:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2522:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2495:
2486:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2466:
2456:
2446:
2435:
2429:
2419:
2418:
2406:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2378:
2370:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2359:
2358:
2351:
2341:
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2303:
2293:
2283:
2276:
2266:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2228:
2221:
2214:
2207:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2180:
2173:
2165:
2163:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2135:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2113:
2106:
2099:
2089:
2082:
2075:
2072:Hydrophasianus
2068:
2060:
2058:
2052:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2045:Scolopacimilis
2038:
2027:
2025:
2023:incertae sedis
2015:
2014:
2002:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1973:
1971:
1969:Haematopodidae
1965:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1953:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1924:
1917:
1909:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1897:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1872:
1865:
1858:
1848:
1841:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1814:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1773:
1761:
1759:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1732:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1720:
1710:
1700:
1692:
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1672:
1670:
1668:Pluvianellidae
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1650:
1643:
1635:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1620:Cherevychnavis
1612:
1610:
1608:incertae sedis
1600:
1599:
1587:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1556:
1555:
1554:
1553:
1547:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1527:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1485:
1483:
1473:
1472:
1470:
1469:
1461:
1459:
1449:
1448:
1446:
1445:
1434:
1424:
1421:Sarjeantopodus
1414:
1403:
1393:
1381:
1371:
1360:
1349:
1338:
1336:
1334:incertae sedis
1326:
1325:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1303:
1297:
1291:
1285:
1279:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1258:
1251:
1244:
1236:
1227:
1226:
1224:
1223:
1218:
1212:
1209:
1208:
1206:
1205:
1199:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1146:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1100:
1094:
1093:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1029:
1023:
1021:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
983:
981:
973:
972:
970:
969:
964:
959:
957:Audouin's gull
954:
949:
944:
938:
936:
928:
927:
925:
924:
923:
922:
920:Heuglin's gull
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
882:
877:
876:
875:
865:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
830:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
798:Belcher's gull
795:
789:
787:
779:
778:
776:
775:
766:
764:
758:
757:
745:
744:
737:
730:
722:
714:
713:
693:
663:
656:
632:
623:, ed. (1934).
612:
586:
559:(2): 459–469.
536:
510:
509:
507:
504:
490:
489:
486:
481:
476:
468:
467:
464:
459:
454:
446:
445:
442:
437:
432:
424:
423:
420:
415:
410:
402:
401:
398:
393:
388:
380:
379:
376:
371:
366:
358:
357:
354:
349:
344:
336:
335:
332:
327:
322:
314:
313:
310:
307:
304:
294:
291:
268:Friedrich Boie
259:
256:
229:Friedrich Boie
220:in the family
203:
202:
175:T. bengalensis
170:
169:
165:
164:
161:
152:
151:
145:
144:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
100:
96:
95:
90:
86:
85:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
60:
56:
55:
42:
41:
40:Sandwich tern
37:
36:
28:
27:
16:Genus of birds
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3468:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3424:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3366:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3305:
3301:
3297:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3244:
3238:
3234:
3229:
3223:
3219:
3218:
3216:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3201:
3185:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3025:
3023:
3022:
3018:
3016:
3015:
3011:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2983:
2981:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2973:
2969:
2967:
2966:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2942:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2928:
2924:
2922:
2921:
2917:
2915:
2914:
2907:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2876:
2874:
2873:
2869:
2868:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2849:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2815:
2811:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2794:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2766:
2764:
2763:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2727:
2726:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2713:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2626:Ptychoramphus
2623:
2621:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2611:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Fraterculinae
2598:
2588:
2587:
2586:Brachyramphus
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2528:
2527:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2473:Pseudocepphus
2467:
2465:
2464:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2321:
2319:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2275:
2274:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2166:
2164:
2162:
2161:Rostratulidae
2158:
2152:
2151:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2105:
2104:
2100:
2098:
2097:
2090:
2088:
2087:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2065:Actophilornis
2062:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1994:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1970:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1938:Recurvirostra
1935:
1933:
1932:
1925:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1916:
1915:
1914:Cladorhynchus
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1864:
1863:
1859:
1857:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1832:
1830:
1829:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1785:
1784:Hoploxypterus
1781:
1779:
1778:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1718:
1711:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1658:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1628:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1588:
1571:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1551:
1550:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1526:
1524:
1520:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1450:
1443:
1442:
1435:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1394:
1391:
1390:
1382:
1380:
1379:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1367:Fluviatitavis
1361:
1358:
1357:
1350:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1284:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1245:
1243:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1210:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1185:Sabine's gull
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1156:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1103:
1101:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1019:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
992:Laughing gull
990:
988:
985:
984:
982:
980:
979:
974:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
939:
937:
935:
934:
929:
921:
918:
917:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
905:Armenian gull
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
874:
873:Thayer's gull
871:
870:
869:
866:
864:
863:Glaucous gull
861:
859:
856:
854:
851:
849:
846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
819:
816:
814:
811:
809:
806:
804:
801:
799:
796:
794:
791:
790:
788:
786:
785:
780:
773:
772:
768:
767:
765:
763:
759:
754:
750:
743:
738:
736:
731:
729:
724:
723:
720:
710:
707:
703:
697:
681:
677:
673:
667:
659:
653:
649:
645:
644:
636:
628:
627:
622:
616:
608:
605:(in German).
604:
603:Isis von Oken
600:
596:
590:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
547:
540:
525:
521:
515:
511:
503:
501:
500:United States
497:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
474:
470:
469:
465:
463:
460:
458:
455:
452:
448:
447:
443:
441:
440:Sandwich tern
438:
436:
433:
430:
426:
425:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
408:
404:
403:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
386:
382:
381:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
364:
360:
359:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
342:
338:
337:
333:
331:
328:
326:
323:
320:
316:
315:
312:Distribution
311:
308:
305:
302:
301:
298:
290:
288:
285:
284:Ancient Greek
281:
277:
276:sandwich tern
273:
270:in 1822. The
269:
265:
255:
253:
249:
245:
244:Sandwich tern
241:
237:
232:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
214:crested terns
211:
210:
201:
200:
196:
192:
191:T. bernsteini
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
166:
159:
158:
153:
150:
146:
141:
136:
135:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
104:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
87:
84:
81:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
67:
64:
61:
58:
57:
52:
47:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
3212:
3166:
3159:
3149:
3141:
3131:
3110:Stercorarius
3108:
3088:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3057:
3050:
3043:
3038:Rhodostethia
3036:
3031:Pseudosterna
3029:
3019:
3012:
3005:
2998:
2987:
2977:
2970:
2963:
2956:
2946:
2939:
2934:Hydrocoloeus
2932:
2925:
2920:Gelochelidon
2918:
2911:
2901:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2846:
2839:
2819:
2812:
2791:
2782:Paractiornis
2780:
2770:
2760:
2750:
2723:
2701:Praemancalla
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2651:
2644:
2637:Fraterculini
2624:
2617:
2584:
2564:
2544:
2524:
2517:
2507:
2500:
2471:
2461:
2451:
2441:
2380:
2373:
2366:Thinocoridae
2353:
2346:
2336:
2329:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2298:
2288:
2278:
2271:
2261:
2254:
2249:Limnocryptes
2247:
2240:
2233:
2225:Coenocorypha
2223:
2216:
2209:
2202:
2195:
2188:Scolopacidae
2175:
2170:Nycticryphes
2168:
2148:
2141:
2131:Pedionomidae
2120:Nupharanassa
2118:
2108:
2101:
2094:
2084:
2077:
2070:
2063:
2043:
2033:
2022:
1976:
1958:Ibidorhyncha
1956:
1936:
1929:
1919:
1912:
1888:
1881:
1874:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1843:
1836:
1826:
1819:
1812:Charadriinae
1799:
1789:
1782:
1777:Erythrogonys
1775:
1769:Dolicopterus
1767:
1735:
1715:
1705:
1695:
1677:Pluvianellus
1675:
1655:
1645:
1638:
1618:
1607:
1509:
1504:Palaeotringa
1502:
1495:
1488:
1480:Graculavidae
1464:
1456:Laornithidae
1439:
1429:
1419:
1408:
1398:
1387:
1376:
1365:
1354:
1344:
1333:
1293:Infraclass:
1194:
1176:
1158:
1133:
1116:Rhodostethia
1115:
1098:Hydrocoloeus
1097:
1037:Huahine gull
1016:
987:Dolphin gull
976:
931:
895:Caspian gull
868:Iceland gull
853:Western gull
803:Olrog's gull
793:Pacific gull
782:
769:
708:
705:
696:
684:. Retrieved
679:
666:
642:
635:
625:
615:
606:
602:
589:
556:
552:
539:
528:. Retrieved
523:
514:
493:
484:Elegant tern
478:
462:Cabot's tern
456:
434:
412:
390:
368:
346:
324:
296:
286:
279:
272:type species
263:
261:
251:
248:Cabot's tern
235:
233:
226:
213:
208:
207:
206:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
173:
162:Gmelin, 1788
155:
149:Type species
133:
132:
24:
18:
3451:Bird genera
3304:iNaturalist
3237:Wikispecies
3007:Onychoprion
2989:Limicolavis
2979:Leucophaeus
2948:Ichthyaetus
2941:Hydroprogne
2903:Feducciavis
2848:Rhinoptilus
2832:Glareolinae
2805:Glareolinae
2772:Mioglareola
2762:Boutersemia
2736:Glareolidae
2694:Miomancalla
2671:Mancallinae
2310:Parvelorius
2256:Limnodromus
1821:Anarhynchus
1748:Pluvianidae
1728:Pluvianidae
1657:Genucrassum
1572:See below ↓
1552:See below ↓
1532:See below ↓
1511:Telmatornis
1410:Palintropus
1378:Jiliniornis
1356:Eupterornis
1124:Ross's gull
1106:Little gull
1058:Andean gull
1027:Silver gull
978:Leucophaeus
967:Relict gull
933:Ichthyaetus
818:Common gull
700:Olson, S.,
672:Gill, Frank
309:Common name
240:Arctic tern
119:Subfamily:
3446:Thalasseus
3440:Categories
3257:Thalasseus
3243:Thalasseus
3213:Thalasseus
3133:Cerestenia
3121:Turnicidae
3083:Thalasseus
3069:Sternalara
2965:Larosterna
2879:Chlidonias
2716:Dromadidae
2653:Fratercula
2646:Cerorhinca
2463:Miocepphus
2443:Divisulcus
2382:Thinocorus
2324:Prosobonia
2317:Phalaropus
2300:Paractitis
2177:Rostratula
2150:Pedionomus
2143:Oligonomus
2110:Microparra
2103:Metopidius
2079:Irediparra
1978:Haematopus
1921:Himantopus
1862:Oreopholus
1855:Jilniornis
1845:Elseyornis
1838:Dorypaltus
1828:Charadrius
1757:Vanellinae
1707:Chionoides
1631:Burhinidae
1497:Graculavus
1490:Dakotornis
1431:Scandiavis
1389:Morsoravis
1295:Neognathae
1264:shorebirds
1262:Genera of
1167:Ivory gull
947:Sooty gull
755:: Laridae)
711:: 233-365.
609:. Col 563.
530:2023-07-26
506:References
330:Royal tern
264:Thalasseus
262:The genus
252:Thalasseus
236:Thalasseus
209:Thalasseus
195:T. elegans
183:T. maximus
134:Thalasseus
25:Thalasseus
3151:Ortyxelos
3143:Eocliffia
3014:Pagophila
3000:Limosavis
2841:Cursorius
2793:Precursor
2752:Becassius
2519:Pinguinus
2242:Gallinago
2211:Bartramia
2056:Jacanidae
2011:Scolopaci
1890:Thinornis
1883:Pluvialis
1876:Phegornis
1869:Peltohyas
1737:Pluvianus
1688:Chionidae
1596:Charadrii
1543:Scolopaci
1523:Charadrii
1275:Kingdom:
1159:Pagophila
1007:Grey gull
1002:Lava gull
520:"Laridae"
494:An early
187:T. bergii
123:Sterninae
69:Kingdom:
63:Eukaryota
3222:Wikidata
3161:Turnipax
3076:Sternula
3045:Rynchops
3021:Phaetusa
2958:Laricola
2893:Creagrus
2814:Glareola
2687:Mancalla
2610:Aethiini
2557:Cepphini
2348:Villetus
2331:Scolopax
2280:Numenius
2218:Calidris
2204:Arenaria
1931:Kashinia
1791:Vanellus
1640:Burhinus
1441:Volgavis
1400:Nahmavis
1283:Chordata
1281:Phylum:
1277:Animalia
1195:Creagrus
597:(1822).
581:15804415
496:Pliocene
287:Thalassa
258:Taxonomy
168:Species
109:Family:
83:Chordata
79:Phylum:
73:Animalia
59:Domain:
3418:ZooBank
3384:1073500
3322:1033075
3296:2481215
3228:Q133577
2913:Gaviota
2863:Laridae
2821:Stiltia
2680:Alcodes
2566:Cepphus
2484:Alcinae
2427:Alcidae
2375:Attagis
2290:Nuntius
2273:Mirolia
2235:Elorius
2197:Actitis
2096:Janipes
2035:Hakawai
1697:Chionis
1466:Laornis
1305:Order:
1301:Neoaves
1299:Clade:
1287:Class:
771:Species
686:19 July
561:Bibcode
222:Laridae
140:F. Boie
129:Genus:
113:Laridae
99:Order:
89:Class:
3410:413038
3397:368007
3368:NZOR:
3361:555355
3335:176928
3309:144327
3270:112594
3168:Turnix
3059:Sterna
2725:Dromas
2619:Aethia
2493:Alcini
2338:Tringa
2263:Limosa
2086:Jacana
1801:Viator
1717:Neilus
1647:Esacus
753:family
654:
579:
212:, the
142:, 1822
3405:WoRMS
3317:IRMNG
3052:Rissa
2972:Larus
2927:Gygis
2872:Anous
2355:Xenus
1135:Rissa
784:Larus
762:Genus
749:Gulls
549:(PDF)
303:Image
218:terns
3356:NCBI
3330:ITIS
3291:GBIF
3283:7V3K
3265:BOLD
3090:Xema
2526:Uria
2509:Alle
2502:Alca
2415:Lari
1563:Lari
1289:Aves
1177:Xema
688:2019
652:ISBN
607:1822
577:PMID
306:Name
246:and
93:Aves
3343:NBN
3278:CoL
3252:AFD
648:383
569:doi
3442::
3420::
3407::
3394::
3381::
3358::
3345::
3332::
3319::
3306::
3293::
3280::
3267::
3254::
3239::
3224::
2796:"?
709:90
678:.
650:.
601:.
575:.
567:.
557:35
555:.
551:.
522:.
224:.
3157:†
3146:?
3139:†
3129:†
3065:†
3027:†
2996:†
2992:?
2985:†
2954:†
2909:†
2899:†
2790:"
2788:†
2778:†
2768:†
2758:†
2748:†
2668:†
2515:†
2469:†
2459:†
2449:†
2439:†
2344:†
2306:†
2296:†
2286:†
2269:†
2231:†
2139:†
2116:†
2092:†
2041:†
2031:†
1927:†
1851:†
1834:†
1797:†
1772:?
1765:†
1713:†
1703:†
1653:†
1616:†
1514:?
1482:?
1477:†
1458:?
1453:†
1444:?
1437:†
1427:†
1417:†
1413:?
1406:†
1396:†
1392:"
1386:"
1384:†
1374:†
1370:?
1363:†
1359:?
1352:†
1342:†
1255:e
1248:t
1241:v
1039:†
751:(
741:e
734:t
727:v
690:.
660:.
583:.
571::
563::
533:.
278:(
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