475:
402:
575:
486:
562:, and lagoons. Also, but less frequently, the royal tern will hunt for fish in open water, typically within about 100 meters (110 yards) of the shore. The royal tern feeds in salt water and on very rare occasions in fresh water. When feeding they fly long distances from the colony to forage. The royal tern feeds by diving into the water from heights near 9 meters (30 feet). They usually feed alone or in groups of two or three but on occasion, they feed in large groups when hunting large schools of fish.
583:
80:
202:
422:
547:
55:
598:. When the chicks are in the crĂšche, they are primarily fed by their parents who recognize their offspring by their voice and looks. While the chicks are in the crĂšche, they usually roam freely around the colony. In a large colony, there can be thousands of chicks in the crĂšche. When the chicks are a month old they fledge or start to fly. Royal terns mature around the age of 4 years, after which they build their own nests and reproduce.
31:
606:
The royal tern has few predators when it is mature, but before the chicks hatch or while they are chicks the tern is threatened by humans, other animals, and the tides. Humans threaten terns by fishing and by disrupting the tern nesting sites. Fishing nets can catch a tern while it is diving, making
593:
The royal tern nests on island beaches or isolated beaches with limited predators. It lays one or two eggs, usually in a scrape, an area on the ground where a tern has made a small hole to lay its eggs. In some cases, tern eggs are laid directly on the ground, not in a scrape. The eggs incubate from
443:
The royal tern has an orange-red bill, pale gray upperparts, and white underparts. Its legs are black. In winter, the black cap becomes patchy. Juvenile royal terns are similar to non-breeding adults. Differences include juveniles having black splotched wings and a yellower bill. An adult royal tern
565:
The royal tern usually feeds on small fish such as anchovies, weakfish, and croakers. Fish are their main source of food but they also eat insects, shrimp,crabs, and hatchling sea turtles. The royal tern feeds on small crabs, such as young blue crabs that swim near the surface of the water. When
444:
has an average wingspan of 130 cm (51 in), for both sexes, but their wingspan can range from 125â135 cm (49â53 in). Its length ranges from 45â50 cm (18â20 in) and their weight is anywhere from 350â450 g (12â16 oz).
1227:
566:
feeding on small crabs the royal tern does not use its normal plunge-dive technique, but instead uses short shallow dives so that they are concealed from their prey. The royal tern also uses this technique when hunting flying fish.
610:
Tern nesting sites can also be affected by the tides; if a tern colony has nested too close to the high tide mark, a spring tide would flood the nesting site and kill the chicks and make unhatched eggs infertile.
776:
Table des planches enluminéez d'histoire naturelle de M. D'Aubenton : avec les denominations de M.M. de Buffon, Brisson, Edwards, Linnaeus et Latham, precedé d'une notice des principaux ouvrages zoologiques
500:
The royal tern is found on both coasts of the
Americas. In the northeast, during the breeding season (April to July) it is primarily found from Texas to Virginia, with scattered breeding records as far north as
462:, but the elegant tern has a longer but slenderer, more curved, bill, and shows more white on the forehead in winter. Vagrants in Europe need careful documentation to distinguish them from the same-sized
874:
Bridge, Eli S.; Jones, Andrew W.; Baker, Allan J. (2005). "A phylogenetic framework for the terns (Sternini) inferred from mtDNA sequences: implications for taxonomy and plumage evolution".
533:
and throughout the
Caribbean. The western population nests from California to Mexico and winters from California south to Peru. Argentinian breeders are resident or disperse into Brazil.
700:
Buckley, P. A. and F. G. Buckley (2020). Royal Tern (Thalasseus maximus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (S. M. Billerman, Editor). Cornell Lab of
Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA.
1835:
607:
it unable to feed or it may cause it to drown if it is caught underwater. Animals such as foxes, raccoons, and large gulls prey on tern chicks and tern eggs.
1052:
594:
25 to 30 days; after the eggs hatch the chicks remain in the scrape for about a week. About two weeks after hatching the chicks gather into groups called a
1830:
1178:
1702:
1453:
1518:
1795:
1080:"Diet of royal (Thalasseus Maximus) and sandwich (T. Sandvicensis) terns during the Austral winter in the Buenos Aires Province, Argentina"
355:, because of its white plumage, a black cap on its head, long bill, webbed feet, and bodies that are more streamlined than those of gulls.
288:
to accompany Buffon's text. Neither the plate caption nor Buffon's description included a scientific name but in 1783 the Dutch naturalist
850:
347:. Charadriiformes includes seabirds and shorebirds of small to medium-large size. Within Charadriiformes, it is placed in the family
1820:
1689:
1404:
1715:
1466:
1840:
736:
714:
261:
1741:
1030:
1005:
858:
1720:
1471:
1142:
Yorioa, Pablo; Amorim Efe, MĂĄrcio (2007). "Population status of royal and cayenne terns breeding in
Argentina and Brazil".
844:
1663:
1427:
918:
1112:
Buckley, F.G.; Buckley, P.A. (3 April 2008). "The breeding ecology of royal terns Stena (Thalasseus) Maxima Maxima".
944:
1233:
1805:
1767:
1596:
1523:
1179:"Ground-Nesting Waterbirds and Mammalian Carnivores in the Virginia Barrier Island Region: Running out of Options"
1079:
1815:
1810:
1681:
1391:
1056:
393:) was formerly considered to be a subspecies of royal tern. It was elevated to species status in January 2020.
1728:
1505:
440:
but is unlikely to be confused with this "carrot-billed" giant, which has extensive dark underwing patches.
1536:
1292:
1283:
740:
277:
1347:
1342:
1432:
974:
813:
748:
666:
79:
1772:
1601:
1321:
463:
386:
1825:
1531:
1497:
1219:
455:; the royal tern also has a more plover-like whistle that is longer, rolling, and more melodious.
401:
1588:
474:
1575:
1214:
1707:
1458:
1329:
1245:
1484:
997:
1759:
1570:
1562:
502:
479:
447:
The calls of the royal tern are usually short, clear shrills. Some of the shrills sound like
174:
1334:
1303:
883:
744:
285:
8:
1800:
643:
358:
The taxonomy of the royal tern has been debated, whether the correct scientific name was
44:
887:
595:
485:
1159:
1125:
249:
209:
74:
1419:
1308:
574:
1754:
1650:
1557:
1365:
1193:
1163:
1026:
1001:
990:
899:
854:
1614:
490:
1655:
1370:
1151:
1121:
966:
891:
661:
587:
1357:
1641:
1544:
1396:
770:
518:
406:
344:
289:
191:
131:
1733:
1510:
895:
774:
752:
718:
1676:
1155:
795:
791:
582:
526:
430:
414:
313:
1789:
1668:
1479:
1197:
652:
506:
320:
293:
273:
64:
59:
922:
817:
1268:
903:
725:(in French). Vol. 16. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. pp. 100â101.
459:
437:
426:
421:
201:
1055:. Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Archived from
546:
1583:
1492:
1440:
1277:
701:
554:
The royal tern typically feeds in small secluded bodies of water such as
1694:
1609:
1549:
1409:
494:
410:
308:
151:
1445:
1177:
Erwin, R. Michael; Truitt, Barry R.; Jiménez, Jaime E. (Spring 2001).
735:
559:
555:
522:
510:
352:
91:
1383:
1239:
276:. The bird was also illustrated in a hand-colored plate engraved by
1635:
1262:
111:
1078:
Favero, Marco; Silva R., M. Patricia; Mauco, Laura (1 June 2000).
1316:
530:
458:
In parts of its range, the royal tern could be confused with the
348:
269:
245:
241:
141:
1746:
514:
101:
637:
635:
1378:
323:
304:
30:
632:
620:
513:
islands. It also breeds in the southeast from southeastern
340:
237:
121:
759:. Vol. 10. Paris: De L'Imprimerie Royale. Plate 988.
641:
917:
Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (January 2020).
916:
260:
The royal tern was described by the French polymath
1077:
1176:
989:
667:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22694542A132559155.en
382:, which places it with seven other crested terns.
1236:at Neotropical Birds (Cornell Lab of Ornithology)
937:
1787:
1141:
873:
1836:Native birds of the Southeastern United States
1111:
623:has rated the royal tern as of Least Concern.
780:(in French). Utrecht. p. 58, Number 988.
370:; however, a 2005 study found that the genus
846:The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names
550:A Royal Tern chick being fed by its parents.
284:which was produced under the supervision of
1105:
812:
469:
696:
694:
692:
690:
688:
686:
684:
525:. The wintering range in the east is from
466:, which has also been recorded in Europe.
200:
53:
29:
1831:Native birds of the Eastern United States
1170:
1025:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions. p. 242.
1014:
996:. Doubleday & Company, Inc. pp.
981:
867:
665:
436:This is a large tern, second only to the
312:that was erected by the German zoologist
1137:
1135:
1020:
769:
757:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
719:"La grande hirondelle de mer de Cayenne"
581:
573:
545:
484:
473:
420:
400:
366:. It was originally placed in the genus
282:Planches Enluminées D'Histoire Naturelle
1046:
1044:
1042:
910:
842:
681:
1788:
1071:
713:
702:https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.royter1.01
378:.; thus it is presently classified as
332:) meaning "sea". The specific epithet
303:. The royal tern is now placed in the
262:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
1244:
1243:
1132:
987:
876:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
849:. London: Christopher Helm. pp.
824:. International Ornithologists' Union
319:The generic name is derived from the
1682:365e3882-ddda-4245-8b30-1a7e5bc358ce
1050:
1039:
790:
339:The royal tern belongs to the class
1796:IUCN Red List least concern species
959:
653:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
409:(smaller bird, right) in flight at
13:
1126:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1972.tb00832.x
836:
806:
14:
1852:
1207:
737:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
715:Buffon, Georges-Louis Leclerc de
252:have been identified in Europe.
78:
1821:Birds of the Dominican Republic
816:; Donsker, David, eds. (2019).
753:"Hirondelle de mer, de Cayenne"
642:BirdLife International (2018).
614:
919:"IOC World Bird List (v 10.1)"
784:
763:
729:
723:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
707:
396:
266:Histoire Naturelle des Oiseaux
1:
1841:Taxa named by Pieter Boddaert
1433:royal-tern-thalasseus-maximus
818:"Noddies, gulls, terns, auks"
626:
374:is genetically distinct from
268:from a specimen collected in
1230:at VIREO (Drexel University)
1051:Clay, Roger (October 2006).
945:"Royal tern (Sterna maxima)"
7:
1186:Journal of Coastal Research
896:10.1016/j.ympev.2004.12.010
822:World Bird List Version 9.2
749:Daubenton, Louis-Jean-Marie
569:
536:
255:
10:
1857:
1234:Royal Tern species account
1156:10.1675/1524-4695-31.4.561
1023:All the birds of the world
988:Pough, Richard H. (1951).
975:Cornell Lab of Ornithology
843:Jobling, James A. (2010).
741:Martinet, François-Nicolas
601:
541:
324:
1625:
1252:
660:: e.T22694542A132559155.
464:West African crested tern
391:Thalasseus albididorsalis
387:West African crested tern
336:is Latin for "greatest".
278:François-Nicolas Martinet
215:
208:
199:
180:
173:
75:Scientific classification
73:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
1228:Royal tern photo gallery
1220:Internet Bird Collection
1021:del Hoyo, Josep (2020).
992:Audubon Water Bird Guide
704:Retrieved April 17, 2021
529:south to Panama and the
489:Group of royal terns in
470:Distribution and habitat
299:in his catalogue of the
248:to the Americas, though
1806:Birds described in 1783
1087:Ornitologia Neotropical
1816:Birds of the Caribbean
1811:Birds of South America
590:
579:
551:
497:
482:
433:
418:
1571:Paleobiology Database
802:(in German). Col 563.
745:Daubenton, Edme-Louis
585:
577:
549:
503:Long Island, New York
488:
480:Morro Bay, California
477:
425:All white underparts
424:
405:Adult royal tern and
404:
1677:Fauna Europaea (new)
286:Edme-Louis Daubenton
888:2005MolPE..35..459B
301:Planches Enluminées
45:Conservation status
1615:Thalasseus-maximus
1284:Thalasseus maximus
1254:Thalasseus maximus
1215:"Royal Tern media"
947:. Planet of Birds]
796:"GeneralĂŒbersicht"
646:Thalasseus maximus
591:
580:
552:
498:
483:
434:
419:
380:Thalasseus maximus
360:Thalasseus maximus
233:Thalasseus maximus
184:Thalasseus maximus
1783:
1782:
1755:Open Tree of Life
1558:Open Tree of Life
1246:Taxon identifiers
1032:978-84-16728-37-4
1007:978-0-385-06806-2
860:978-1-4081-2501-4
586:Eggs, Collection
509:, and on several
244:. The species is
224:
223:
68:
1848:
1776:
1775:
1763:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1737:
1736:
1734:NBNSYS0000000361
1724:
1723:
1711:
1710:
1698:
1697:
1685:
1684:
1672:
1671:
1659:
1658:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1618:
1617:
1605:
1604:
1592:
1591:
1579:
1578:
1566:
1565:
1553:
1552:
1540:
1539:
1527:
1526:
1514:
1513:
1511:NHMSYS0021274176
1501:
1500:
1488:
1487:
1475:
1474:
1462:
1461:
1449:
1448:
1436:
1435:
1423:
1422:
1413:
1412:
1400:
1399:
1387:
1386:
1374:
1373:
1361:
1360:
1351:
1350:
1338:
1337:
1325:
1324:
1322:68EDCC23F8128FA8
1312:
1311:
1299:
1298:
1288:
1287:
1286:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1241:
1240:
1224:
1202:
1201:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1139:
1130:
1129:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1084:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1064:
1059:on 15 April 2012
1048:
1037:
1036:
1018:
1012:
1011:
995:
985:
979:
978:
963:
957:
956:
954:
952:
941:
935:
934:
932:
930:
925:on 27 April 2020
921:. Archived from
914:
908:
907:
871:
865:
864:
840:
834:
833:
831:
829:
810:
804:
803:
788:
782:
781:
771:Boddaert, Pieter
767:
761:
760:
733:
727:
726:
711:
705:
698:
679:
678:
676:
674:
669:
639:
588:Museum Wiesbaden
578:Breeding plumage
327:
326:
204:
186:
83:
82:
62:
57:
56:
33:
21:
20:
1856:
1855:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1826:Birds of Mexico
1786:
1785:
1784:
1779:
1771:
1766:
1758:
1753:
1745:
1740:
1732:
1727:
1719:
1714:
1706:
1701:
1693:
1688:
1680:
1675:
1667:
1662:
1654:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1621:
1613:
1608:
1600:
1595:
1587:
1582:
1574:
1569:
1561:
1556:
1548:
1545:Observation.org
1543:
1535:
1530:
1522:
1517:
1509:
1504:
1496:
1491:
1483:
1478:
1470:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1444:
1439:
1431:
1426:
1418:
1416:
1408:
1403:
1395:
1390:
1382:
1377:
1369:
1364:
1356:
1354:
1346:
1341:
1333:
1328:
1320:
1315:
1307:
1302:
1296:
1291:
1282:
1281:
1276:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1248:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1181:
1175:
1171:
1140:
1133:
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1082:
1076:
1072:
1062:
1060:
1049:
1040:
1033:
1019:
1015:
1008:
986:
982:
971:All About Birds
965:
964:
960:
950:
948:
943:
942:
938:
928:
926:
915:
911:
872:
868:
861:
841:
837:
827:
825:
811:
807:
792:Boie, Friedrich
789:
785:
768:
764:
734:
730:
712:
708:
699:
682:
672:
670:
640:
633:
629:
617:
604:
572:
544:
539:
519:Chubut Province
505:, and south to
472:
399:
345:Charadriiformes
290:Pieter Boddaert
264:in 1781 in his
258:
195:
188:
182:
169:
166:T. maximus
132:Charadriiformes
77:
69:
58:
54:
47:
38:Winter plumage
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
1854:
1844:
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1781:
1780:
1778:
1777:
1764:
1751:
1738:
1725:
1712:
1699:
1686:
1673:
1660:
1647:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1619:
1606:
1593:
1580:
1567:
1554:
1541:
1528:
1515:
1502:
1489:
1476:
1463:
1450:
1437:
1424:
1414:
1401:
1388:
1375:
1362:
1352:
1339:
1326:
1313:
1300:
1289:
1274:
1258:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1225:
1209:
1208:External links
1206:
1204:
1203:
1192:(2): 292â296.
1169:
1131:
1120:(3): 344â359.
1104:
1070:
1038:
1031:
1013:
1006:
980:
958:
936:
909:
882:(2): 459â469.
866:
859:
835:
805:
783:
762:
728:
706:
680:
630:
628:
625:
616:
613:
603:
600:
571:
568:
543:
540:
538:
535:
527:North Carolina
491:TĂĄrcoles River
471:
468:
431:North Carolina
415:North Carolina
398:
395:
343:and the order
314:Friedrich Boie
257:
254:
240:in the family
222:
221:
213:
212:
206:
205:
197:
196:
189:
178:
177:
171:
170:
163:
161:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
109:
105:
104:
99:
95:
94:
89:
85:
84:
71:
70:
52:
49:
48:
43:
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1853:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1774:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1627:Sterna maxima
1624:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1486:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1353:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1309:Sterna_maxima
1305:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1180:
1173:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1108:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1074:
1058:
1054:
1047:
1045:
1043:
1034:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1009:
1003:
999:
994:
993:
984:
976:
972:
968:
962:
946:
940:
924:
920:
913:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
870:
862:
856:
852:
848:
847:
839:
823:
819:
815:
809:
801:
800:Isis von Oken
797:
793:
787:
779:
778:
772:
766:
758:
754:
751:(1765â1783).
750:
746:
742:
738:
732:
724:
720:
716:
710:
703:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
668:
663:
659:
655:
654:
649:
647:
638:
636:
631:
624:
622:
612:
608:
599:
597:
589:
584:
576:
567:
563:
561:
557:
548:
534:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
507:French Guiana
504:
496:
492:
487:
481:
478:In flight at
476:
467:
465:
461:
456:
454:
450:
445:
441:
439:
432:
428:
423:
416:
412:
408:
403:
394:
392:
388:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:Sterna maxima
361:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
322:
321:Ancient Greek
317:
315:
311:
310:
306:
302:
298:
297:Sterna maxima
295:
294:binomial name
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
274:French Guiana
271:
267:
263:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
234:
229:
220:
219:
218:Sterna maxima
214:
211:
207:
203:
198:
193:
187:
185:
179:
176:
175:Binomial name
172:
168:
167:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
150:
147:
146:
143:
140:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
117:
116:
113:
110:
107:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
86:
81:
76:
72:
66:
61:
60:Least Concern
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1626:
1253:
1218:
1189:
1185:
1172:
1147:
1143:
1117:
1113:
1107:
1095:. Retrieved
1090:
1086:
1073:
1061:. Retrieved
1057:the original
1053:"Royal tern"
1022:
1016:
991:
983:
970:
967:"Royal Tern"
961:
949:. Retrieved
939:
927:. Retrieved
923:the original
912:
879:
875:
869:
845:
838:
826:. Retrieved
821:
808:
799:
786:
775:
765:
756:
731:
722:
709:
671:. Retrieved
657:
651:
645:
618:
615:Conservation
609:
605:
592:
564:
553:
499:
460:elegant tern
457:
452:
448:
446:
442:
438:Caspian tern
435:
407:Cabot's tern
390:
384:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
357:
351:, subfamily
338:
333:
329:
318:
307:
300:
296:
281:
265:
259:
232:
231:
227:
225:
217:
216:
183:
181:
165:
164:
152:
18:
1584:SeaLifeBase
1532:Neotropical
1493:NatureServe
1441:iNaturalist
1278:Wikispecies
951:17 November
814:Gill, Frank
673:19 November
397:Description
292:coined the
24:Royal tern
1801:Thalasseus
1790:Categories
1610:Xeno-canto
1420:royal-tern
1150:(3): 561.
1144:Waterbirds
1097:7 November
1063:7 November
627:References
495:Costa Rica
411:Core Banks
372:Thalasseus
309:Thalasseus
228:royal tern
153:Thalasseus
1642:Q26821413
1498:2.1168678
1198:0749-0208
1164:130697581
1093:: 259â262
777:enluminés
560:mangroves
556:estuaries
523:Argentina
517:south to
511:Caribbean
353:Sterninae
316:in 1822.
160:Species:
98:Kingdom:
92:Eukaryota
1708:10591296
1636:Wikidata
1485:22694542
1459:11781819
1335:22694542
1330:BirdLife
1263:Wikidata
929:27 April
904:15804415
794:(1822).
773:(1783).
717:(1781).
570:Breeding
537:Behavior
427:Rodanthe
330:thĂĄlassa
256:Taxonomy
250:vagrants
210:Synonyms
192:Boddaert
138:Family:
112:Chordata
108:Phylum:
102:Animalia
88:Domain:
65:IUCN 3.1
1760:1073497
1695:5229259
1563:1073497
1537:royter1
1410:5789281
1384:royter1
1358:royter1
1317:Avibase
998:291â292
884:Bibcode
853:, 383.
828:19 July
602:Threats
542:Feeding
531:Guianas
349:Laridae
334:maximus
325:ΞΏλαÏÏα
280:in the
270:Cayenne
246:endemic
242:Laridae
236:) is a
194:, 1783)
148:Genus:
142:Laridae
128:Order:
118:Class:
63: (
1773:137163
1747:137163
1721:176922
1669:100936
1602:413040
1576:368008
1524:555356
1472:824142
1446:144539
1417:GNAB:
1392:EURING
1348:112595
1297:royter
1269:Q28423
1196:
1162:
1029:
1004:
902:
857:
596:crĂšche
515:Brazil
376:Sterna
368:Sterna
1768:WoRMS
1703:IRMNG
1664:EUNIS
1656:6ZSCX
1597:WoRMS
1589:74892
1454:IRMNG
1379:eBird
1371:7BTFT
1355:BOW:
1182:(PDF)
1160:S2CID
1083:(PDF)
453:tsirr
305:genus
1742:OBIS
1716:ITIS
1690:GBIF
1519:NCBI
1480:IUCN
1467:ITIS
1405:GBIF
1397:6070
1343:BOLD
1194:ISSN
1114:Ibis
1099:2011
1065:2011
1027:ISBN
1002:ISBN
953:2011
931:2020
900:PMID
855:ISBN
830:2019
675:2021
658:2018
621:IUCN
619:The
449:kree
385:The
341:Aves
238:tern
226:The
122:Aves
1729:NBN
1651:CoL
1550:943
1506:NBN
1428:IBC
1366:CoL
1304:ADW
1293:ABA
1152:doi
1122:doi
1118:114
892:doi
851:244
662:doi
521:in
451:or
362:or
1792::
1770::
1757::
1744::
1731::
1718::
1705::
1692::
1679::
1666::
1653::
1638::
1612::
1599::
1586::
1573::
1560::
1547::
1534::
1521::
1508::
1495::
1482::
1469::
1456::
1443::
1430::
1407::
1394::
1381::
1368::
1345::
1332::
1319::
1306::
1295::
1280::
1265::
1217:.
1190:17
1188:.
1184:.
1158:.
1148:34
1146:.
1134:^
1116:.
1091:11
1089:.
1085:.
1041:^
1000:.
973:.
969:.
898:.
890:.
880:35
878:.
820:.
798:.
755:.
747:;
743:;
739:;
721:.
683:^
656:.
650:.
634:^
558:,
493:,
429:,
413:,
272:,
1223:.
1200:.
1166:.
1154::
1128:.
1124::
1101:.
1067:.
1035:.
1010:.
977:.
955:.
933:.
906:.
894::
886::
863:.
832:.
677:.
664::
648:"
644:"
417:.
389:(
328:(
230:(
190:(
67:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
