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263:(rendering the cells more excitable) since less positive charge is present extracellularly. When calcium ions are absent the voltage level required to open voltage gated sodium channels is significantly altered (less excitation is required). If the plasma Ca decreases to less than 50% of the normal value of 9.4 mg/dl, action potentials may be spontaneously generated, causing contraction of peripheral skeletal muscles. Hypocalcemia is not a term for tetany but is rather a cause of tetany.
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114:
Tetany is characterized by contraction of distal muscles of the hands (carpal spasm with extension of interphalangeal joints and adduction and flexion of the metacarpophalangeal joints) and feet (pedal spasm) and is associated with tingling around the mouth and distally in the limbs.
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increase the permeability of neuronal membranes to sodium ion, causing a progressive depolarization, which increases the possibility of action potentials. This occurs because calcium ions interact with the exterior surface of
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Also, tetany can be demonstrated by tapping anterior to the ear, at the emergence of the facial nerve. A resultant twitch of the nose or lips suggests low calcium levels. This is now known as the
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Trousseau's sign refers to the involuntary contraction of the muscles in the hand and wrist (i.e., carpopedal spasm) that occurs after the compression of the upper arm with a blood pressure cuff.
738:
636:
Harrison's
Principles of Internal Medicine 16th Edition – Dennis L. Kasper, Eugene Braunwald, Stephen Hauser, Dan Longo, J. Larry Jameson, Anthony S. Fauci.
161:
binding of calcium such that the ionized (physiologically influencing) fraction of calcium is reduced; one common reason for low carbon dioxide levels is
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can cause tetany. Vomiting induced alkalosis and hyperventilation induced respiratory alkalosis also cause tetany because of neuronal irritability.
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Sutters, M.; Gaboury, CL.; Bennett, WM. (Oct 1996). "Severe hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia: a dilemma in patient management".
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EMG studies reveal single or often grouped motor unit discharges at low discharge frequency during tetany episodes.
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are not classified as tetany; rather, they are due to a lack of inhibition to the neurons that supply muscles.
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551:"On the relation of tetany to the parathyroid glands and to calcium metabolism"
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by squeezing, to trigger cramps in the fingers. This is now known as the
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Cow grazing on rapidly grown pasture with tetany of the neck suggesting
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421:(12th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders/Elsevier. p. 856.
396:(12th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders/Elsevier. p. 367.
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487:(12th ed.). Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders/Elsevier. p. 64.
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is the primary cause of tetany. Low ionized calcium levels in the
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frequency of muscle cells or of the nerves that innervate them.
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Medical condition, exhibiting involuntary contraction of muscles
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143:(high phosphate-to-calcium ratio) can also trigger the spasms.
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Bill
Kvasnicka; Les J. Krysl. "Grass Tetany in Beef Cattle".
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Osteomalacia and rickets due to deficiency of vitamin D
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79:, which may be caused by disorders that increase the
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275:(1801–1867) devised the maneuver of occluding the
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598:Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology
110:Position of Hands in the Spasm of Tetany (1905)
485:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology
419:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology
394:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology
732:
444:"A New Syndrome, Magnesium-Deficiency Tetany"
329:
135:The usual cause of tetany is a deficiency of
75:consisting of the involuntary contraction of
94:(physiologic tetanus) have a broad range of
592:Williams, A; Abraham, D; Liddle, V (2011).
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549:Maccallum, WG; Voegtlin, C (Jan 9, 1909).
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223:Metabolic alkalosis with hypokalemia like
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330:Haldimann, B.; Vogt, K. (Sep 1983). "".
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259:and hypocalcemia effectively increases
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101:
555:The Journal of Experimental Medicine
448:Canadian Medical Association Journal
98:types, of which tetany is only one.
86:Muscle cramps caused by the disease
39:Hands of a baby affected with tetany
13:
1486:Symptoms and signs: Nervous system
789:Festinating gait/Parkinsonian gait
519:. The Internet Archive: Elsevier.
234:
14:
1502:
541:
1383:Overpronation/Flexible flat feet
523:from the original on 2021-11-29
281:Trousseau sign of latent tetany
594:"Tetany: A diagnostic dilemma"
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410:
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208:can trigger winter tetany, or
1:
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157:cause tetany by altering the
834:Myopathic gait/Waddling gait
266:
7:
10:
1507:
442:Grobin, W (May 14, 1960).
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1283:
1250:
1235:Lower motor neuron lesion
1230:Upper motor neuron lesion
1152:
1068:
1035:Myotonia / Pseudomyotonia
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750:relating to movement and
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179:toxin, via inhibition of
150:gland can lead to tetany.
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38:
29:
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483:Hall, John, ed. (2010).
417:Hall, John, ed. (2010).
392:Hall, John, ed. (2010).
611:10.4103/0970-9185.83691
169:Low levels of magnesium
332:Schweiz Med Wochenschr
131:
111:
1342:Boutonniere deformity
191:, may lead to tetany.
146:Underfunction of the
126:
109:
1413:Clasp-knife response
567:10.1084/jem.11.1.118
371:10.1681/ASN.V7102056
313:Beef Cattle Handbook
92:Tetanic contractions
1445:Conversion disorder
1347:Swan neck deformity
1270:Locomotive syndrome
244:extracellular fluid
171:can lead to tetany.
1182:Spastic paraplegia
1172:Spastic paraplegia
1167:Periodic paralysis
1076:Abnormal posturing
941:Dysdiadochokinesia
877:Asynchronous gait
839:Trendelenburg gait
799:Marche à petit pas
748:Signs and symptoms
176:Clostridium tetani
132:
112:
102:Signs and symptoms
96:muscle contraction
1473:
1472:
1162:Flaccid paralysis
983:Abnormal movement
973:Hemimotor neglect
931:Cerebellar ataxia
881:Gunslinger's gait
779:Cerebellar ataxia
714:
713:
508:Hernandez, Anna.
494:978-1-4160-4574-8
428:978-1-4160-4574-8
403:978-1-4160-4574-8
271:French Professor
261:resting potential
225:Gitelman syndrome
189:neurotransmission
59:
58:
19:Medical condition
1498:
1177:Spastic diplegia
1144:Tonic immobility
1136:Waxy flexibility
1080:Stooped posture
886:Hemiparetic gait
867:Asymmetric gait
766:Gait abnormality
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273:Armand Trousseau
229:Bartter syndrome
163:hyperventilation
81:action potential
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1440:Motion sickness
1373:Rachitic rosary
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1285:Range of motion
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1242:Sleep paralysis
1226:General causes
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824:Vestibular gait
804:Propulsive gait
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249:sodium channels
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139:. An excess of
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54:endocrinology
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1403:Hyporeflexia
1298:Bethlem sign
1265:Gowers' sign
1220:Quadruplegia
1115:
1096:Opisthotonus
1089:Osteoporosis
1084:Camptocormia
1026:Hyperkinesia
1011:Fibrillation
918:Coordination
871:Leaping gait
814:Spastic gait
784:Choreic gait
774:Scissor gait
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525:. Retrieved
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240:Hypocalcemia
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210:grass tetany
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129:grass tetany
113:
85:
73:medical sign
65:
61:
60:
1450:Shell shock
1425:Hypnic jerk
1325:Gorlin sign
1293:Contracture
1260:Hemiparesis
1216:Tetraplegia
1030:Hypokinesia
951:Dyssynergia
861:Toe walking
844:Pigeon gait
517:Osmosis.org
257:nerve cells
148:parathyroid
1480:Categories
1388:Knock-knee
1206:Hemiplegia
1201:Paraplegia
1192:Monoplegia
1188:Syndromes
1121:Hypertonia
1055:Echopraxia
1045:Stereotypy
906:Lotus gait
902:Deformity
700:DiseasesDB
527:2022-03-31
297:References
1460:Catatonia
1420:Shivering
1398:Back knee
1378:Flat feet
1352:Scoliosis
1315:Ankylosis
1303:Club foot
1211:Triplegia
1154:Paralysis
1140:Grimacing
1131:Catalepsy
1069:Posturing
1060:Echolalia
1050:Akathisia
1040:Hypotonia
1021:Myoclonus
991:Athetosis
963:Asterixis
936:Dysmetria
851:Foot drop
830:Muscular
267:Diagnosis
214:ruminants
200:in grass
198:potassium
141:phosphate
50:Neurology
45:Specialty
1357:Kyphosis
1252:Weakness
1197:Diplegia
1016:Myokymia
630:21897517
585:19867238
521:Archived
470:20326284
66:tetanic
1491:Tetanus
1435:Vertigo
1106:Trismus
694:D013746
621:3161471
576:2124703
461:1938332
379:8915965
344:6623048
251:in the
206:pasture
187:-ergic
181:glycine
159:albumin
137:calcium
88:tetanus
77:muscles
68:seizure
1455:Stupor
1275:Ptosis
1116:Tetany
1001:Tremor
996:Chorea
968:Abasia
926:Ataxia
628:
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513:(html)
491:
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119:Causes
62:Tetany
25:Tetany
1366:Other
1111:Cramp
1101:Spasm
705:29143
683:781.7
668:R29.0
317:(PDF)
212:, in
71:is a
891:Limp
770:CNS
759:Gait
752:gait
689:MeSH
678:9-CM
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