1097:
34:
951:
532:
355:
1027:
of a GABA-A receptor thus leads to efflux of Cl ions from the cell (that is, a depolarizing current). The differential gradient of chloride in immature neurons was shown to be primarily due to the higher concentration of NKCC1 co-transporters relative to KCC2 co-transporters in immature cells. GABAergic interneurons mature faster in the hippocampus and the GABA machinery appears earlier than glutamatergic transmission. Thus, GABA is considered the major excitatory neurotransmitter in many regions of the brain before the
43:
1695:
1787:
808:
1426:(HGH). GABA directly injected to the brain has been reported to have both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on the production of growth hormone, depending on the physiology of the individual. Consequently, considering the potential biphasic effects of GABA on growth hormone production, as well as other safety concerns, its usage is not recommended during pregnancy and lactation.
1004:
ions across the membrane of the cell. Whether this chloride flow is depolarizing (makes the voltage across the cell's membrane less negative), shunting (has no effect on the cell's membrane potential), or inhibitory/hyperpolarizing (makes the cell's membrane more negative) depends on the direction of
1026:
GABA is an inhibitory transmitter in the mature brain; its actions were thought to be primarily excitatory in the developing brain. The gradient of chloride was reported to be reversed in immature neurons, with its reversal potential higher than the resting membrane potential of the cell; activation
1013:
of the cell's membrane. Shunting inhibition can "override" the excitatory effect of depolarising GABA, resulting in overall inhibition even if the membrane potential becomes less negative. It was thought that a developmental switch in the molecular machinery controlling the concentration of chloride
3350:
Ben-Othman N, Vieira A, Courtney M, Record F, Gjernes E, Avolio F, Hadzic B, Druelle N, Napolitano T, Navarro-Sanz S, Silvano S, Al-Hasani K, Pfeifer A, Lacas-Gervais S, Leuckx G, Marroquí L, Thévenet J, Madsen OD, Eizirik DL, Heimberg H, Kerr-Conte J, Pattou F, Mansouri A, Collombat P (2017).
1250:
calculations. In the solid state, an extended conformation is found, with a trans conformation at the amino end and a gauche conformation at the carboxyl end. This is due to the packing interactions with the neighboring molecules. In solution, five different conformations, some folded and some
1255:
effects. The conformational flexibility of GABA is important for its biological function, as it has been found to bind to different receptors with different conformations. Many GABA analogues with pharmaceutical applications have more rigid structures in order to control the binding better.
1288:
1184:
Experiments on mice have shown that hypothyroidism induced by fluoride poisoning can be halted by administering GABA. The test also found that the thyroid recovered naturally without further assistance after the fluoride had been expelled by the GABA.
8373:
1005:
the flow of chloride. When net chloride flows out of the cell, GABA is depolarising; when chloride flows into the cell, GABA is inhibitory or hyperpolarizing. When the net flow of chloride is close to zero, the action of GABA is shunting.
8192:
3718:
Xiang YY, Wang S, Liu M, Hirota JA, Li J, Ju W, Fan Y, Kelly MM, Ye B, Orser B, O'Byrne PM, Inman MD, Yang X, Lu WY (July 2007). "A GABAergic system in airway epithelium is essential for mucus overproduction in asthma".
1245:
depends on its environment. In the gas phase, a highly folded conformation is strongly favored due to the electrostatic attraction between the two functional groups. The stabilization is about 50 kcal/mol, according to
1460:(as it has both a primary amine and a carboxylic acid functional group), it is rarely referred to as such in the professional, scientific, or medical community. By convention the term "amino acid", when used without a
8819:
8197:
8769:
7684:
8930:
7709:
8922:
8849:
8824:
1274:
In 1959, it was shown that at an inhibitory synapse on crayfish muscle fibers GABA acts like stimulation of the inhibitory nerve. Both inhibition by nerve stimulation and by applied GABA are blocked by
5232:
Mihic SJ, Ye Q, Wick MJ, Koltchine VV, Krasowski MD, Finn SE, Mascia MP, Valenzuela CF, Hanson KK, Greenblatt EP, Harris RA, Harrison NL (1997). "Sites of alcohol and volatile anaesthetic action on GABA
990:, are also able to excite their glutamatergic counterparts. In addition to fast-acting phasic inhibition, small amounts of extracellular GABA can induce slow timescale tonic inhibition on neurons.
8242:
8892:
7124:
8829:
7723:
5290:
Boehm SL, Ponomarev I, Jennings AW, Whiting PJ, Rosahl TW, Garrett EM, Blednov YA, Harris RA (2004). "γ-Aminobutyric acid a receptor subunit mutant mice: New perspectives on alcohol actions".
8834:
2998:
Obrietan K, Gao XB, Van Den Pol AN (August 2002). "Excitatory actions of GABA increase BDNF expression via a MAPK-CREB-dependent mechanism—a positive feedback circuit in developing neurons".
4869:
Pinna G, Costa E, Guidotti A (June 2006). "Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine stereospecifically and selectively increase brain neurosteroid content at doses that are inactive on 5-HT reuptake".
8237:
8232:
8227:
8222:
3309:
Purwana I, Zheng J, Li X, Deurloo M, Son DO, Zhang Z, Liang C, Shen E, Tadkase A, Feng ZP, Li Y, Hasilo C, Paraskevas S, Bortell R, Greiner DL, Atkinson M, Prud'homme GJ, Wang Q (2014).
8839:
8814:
9354:
4412:"The influence of GABA on the synthesis of N-acetylserotonin, melatonin, O-acetyl-5-hydroxytryptophol and O-acetyl-5-methoxytryptophol in the pineal gland of the male Wistar rat"
8616:
8631:
6546:
9496:
8897:
8764:
7679:
7649:
9670:
8844:
8877:
4067:
Sequerra, E. B.; Gardino, P.; Hedin-Pereira, C.; de Mello, F. G. (2007-05-11). "Putrescine as an important source of GABA in the postnatal rat subventricular zone".
6244:
1448:) in rats. It is thus suspected that GABA is involved in the synthesis of melatonin and thus might exert regulatory effects on sleep and reproductive functions.
9885:
9848:
9347:
2904:"GABA expression dominates neuronal lineage progression in the embryonic rat neocortex and facilitates neurite outgrowth via GABA(A) autoreceptor/Cl channels"
9900:
9537:
9411:
9246:
8917:
8862:
7514:
2480:
Ben-Ari Y, Gaiarsa JL, Tyzio R, Khazipov R (October 2007). "GABA: a pioneer transmitter that excites immature neurons and generates primitive oscillations".
4691:
Hosie AM, Wilkins ME, da Silva HM, Smart TG (November 2006). "Endogenous neurosteroids regulate GABAA receptors through two discrete transmembrane sites".
3143:
Rorsman P, Berggren PO, Bokvist K, Ericson H, Möhler H, Ostenson CG, Smith PA (1989). "Glucose-inhibition of glucagon secretion involves activation of GABA
8127:
3836:
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3201:
Soltani N, Qiu H, Aleksic M, Glinka Y, Zhao F, Liu R, Li Y, Zhang N, Chakrabarti R, Ng T, Jin T, Zhang H, Lu WY, Feng ZP, Prud'homme GJ, Wang Q (2011).
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7433:
4980:
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821:
2326:
Szabadics J, Varga C, Molnár G, Oláh S, Barzó P, Tamás G (January 2006). "Excitatory effect of GABAergic axo-axonic cells in cortical microcircuits".
9340:
9320:
8716:
8363:
8323:
7519:
5576:
1705:
1142:
GABA can promote the replication and survival of β-cells and also promote the conversion of α-cells to β-cells, which may lead to new treatments for
8057:
1399:
drugs), or increase the available amount of GABA, typically have relaxing, anti-anxiety, and anti-convulsive effects (with equivalent efficacy to
8576:
3918:
W. G. Van der Kloot; J. Robbins (1959). "The effects of GABA and picrotoxin on the junctional potential and the contraction of crayfish muscle".
1422:, can be reached by drugs such as systemically injected GABA. At least one study suggests that orally administered GABA increases the amount of
2001:
5863:
Ramesh SA, Tyerman SD, Xu B, Bose J, Kaur S, Conn V, Domingos P, Ullah S, Wege S, Shabala S, Feijó JA, Ryan PR, Gilliham M, Gillham M (2015).
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2859:
Barbin G, Pollard H, Gaïarsa JL, Ben-Ari Y (April 1993). "Involvement of GABAA receptors in the outgrowth of cultured hippocampal neurons".
1009:
has no direct effect on the membrane potential of the cell; however, it reduces the effect of any coincident synaptic input by reducing the
8383:
8147:
5089:
1524:
581:
9837:
9511:
9491:
9309:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
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8857:
8601:
6707:
6237:
2377:
Koh, Wuhyun; Kwak, Hankyul; Cheong, Eunji; Lee, C. Justin (2023-07-26). "GABA tone regulation and its cognitive functions in the brain".
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Kuriyama K, Sze PY (January 1971). "Blood–brain barrier to H3-γ-aminobutyric acid in normal and amino oxyacetic acid-treated animals".
8393:
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3581:"Gamma-aminobutyric acid inhibits T cell autoimmunity and the development of inflammatory responses in a mouse type 1 diabetes model"
1096:
9201:
3435:
Yang H, Xing R, Liu S, Yu H, Li P (2016). "γ-Aminobutyric acid ameliorates fluoride-induced hypothyroidism in male
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6230:
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Celikyurt IK, Mutlu O, Ulak G, Akar FY, Erden F (2011). "Gabapentin, A GABA analogue, enhances cognitive performance in mice".
3789:"GAD isoforms exhibit distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns in the developing mouse lens: correlation with Dlx2 and Dlx5"
9905:
5847:
5574:
Jira, Reinhard; Kopp, Erwin; McKusick, Blaine C.; Röderer, Gerhard; Bosch, Axel; Fleischmann, Gerald. "Chloroacetaldehydes".
5340:
5145:
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4503:
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2559:
2526:
2193:
2058:
1038:
In the developmental stages preceding the formation of synaptic contacts, GABA is synthesized by neurons and acts both as an
1010:
403:
8681:
1468:. GABA is not an alpha amino acid, meaning the amino group is not attached to the alpha carbon. Nor is it incorporated into
6825:
4662:
Herd MB, Belelli D, Lambert JJ (October 2007). "Neurosteroid modulation of synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors".
880:
in many countries. It has been traditionally thought that exogenous GABA (i.e., taken as a supplement) does not cross the
8746:
1372:
9654:
4453:"Sexually dimorphic modulation of GABA(A) receptor currents by melatonin in rats gonadotropin–releasing hormone neurons"
9895:
5593:
2072:
1149:
Alongside GABAergic mechanisms, GABA has also been detected in other peripheral tissues including intestines, stomach,
9332:
3669:
Bhandage AK, Jin Z, Korol SV, Shen Q, Pei Y, Deng Q, Espes D, Carlsson PO, Kamali-Moghaddam M, Birnir B (April 2018).
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9830:
8799:
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2212:
Phulera, Swastik; Zhu, Hongtao; Yu, Jie; Claxton, Derek P; Yoder, Nate; Yoshioka, Craig; Gouaux, Eric (2018-07-25).
1724:
1195:
immune responses and promote "regulatory" immune responses, such that GABA administration has been shown to inhibit
6202:
1766:
1626:
3084:"Adult and embryonic GAD transcripts are spatiotemporally regulated during postnatal development in the rat brain"
828:
9880:
9870:
6700:
5865:"GABA signalling modulates plant growth by directly regulating the activity of plant-specific anion transporters"
5740:
Awad R, Muhammad A, Durst T, Trudeau VL, Arnason JT (August 2009). "Bioassay-guided fractionation of lemon balm (
2620:
Marín O, Rubenstein JL (November 2001). "A long, remarkable journey: tangential migration in the telencephalon".
1738:
6218:
Effects of Oral Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Administration on Stress and Sleep in Humans: A Systematic Review
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8353:
3787:
Kwakowsky A, Schwirtlich M, Zhang Q, Eisenstat DD, Erdélyi F, Baranyi M, Katarova ZD, Szabó G (December 2007).
2214:"Cryo-EM structure of the benzodiazepine-sensitive α1β1γ2S tri-heteromeric GABAA receptor in complex with GABA"
752:
8979:
6794:
6280:
2812:"GABA itself promotes the developmental switch of neuronal GABAergic responses from excitation to inhibition"
1319:
1745:
9823:
9386:
9302:
7144:
7119:
6759:
6634:
6253:
5973:
Park DH, Mirabella R, Bronstein PA, Preston GM, Haring MA, Lim CK, Collmer A, Schuurink RC (October 2010).
1979:
1958:
1264:
In 1883, GABA was first synthesized, and it was first known only as a plant and microbe metabolic product.
1018:
and adult stages. As the brain develops into adulthood, GABA's role changes from excitatory to inhibitory.
489:
350:
5368:"The anti-convulsant stiripentol acts directly on the GABA(A) receptor as a positive allosteric modulator"
2902:
Maric D, Liu QY, Maric I, Chaudry S, Chang YH, Smith SV, Sieghart W, Fritschy JM, Barker JL (April 2001).
8706:
6357:
1857:
510:
9890:
6693:
5060:"Neurosteroids — Endogenous Regulators of Seizure Susceptibility and Role in the Treatment of Epilepsy"
939:
711:
42:
1752:
1128:. The β-cells secrete GABA along with insulin and the GABA binds to GABA receptors on the neighboring
9718:
9096:
9086:
8512:
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6899:
6830:
6217:
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Dubrovsky BO (February 2005). "Steroids, neuroactive steroids and neurosteroids in psychopathology".
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Müller EE, Locatelli V, Cocchi D (April 1999). "Neuroendocrine control of growth hormone secretion".
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Chua HC, Chebib M (2017). "GABA a
Receptors and the Diversity in their Structure and Pharmacology".
2763:"Differential response of cortical plate and ventricular zone cells to GABA as a migration stimulus"
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5920:
Ramesh SA, Tyerman SD, Gilliham M, Xu B (2016). "γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) signalling in plants".
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Belelli D, Lambert JJ (July 2005). "Neurosteroids: endogenous regulators of the GABA(A) receptor".
4635:
3622:"Oral GABA treatment downregulates inflammatory responses in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis"
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1613:
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923:
527:
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Singh YN, Singh NN (2002). "Therapeutic potential of kava in the treatment of anxiety disorders".
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Ffrench-Constant RH, Rocheleau TA, Steichen JC, Chalmers AE (June 1993). "A point mutation in a
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1418:, although certain areas of the brain that have no effective blood–brain barrier, such as the
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8328:
7257:
7174:
6789:
6649:
6639:
6562:
5417:"Bicuculline and gabazine are allosteric inhibitors of channel opening of the GABAA receptor"
2576:
2433:"The role and the mechanism of γ-aminobutyric acid during central nervous system development"
2183:
1581:
1360:
1202:
In 2018, GABA has shown to regulate secretion of a greater number of cytokines. In plasma of
935:
698:
20:
4738:"Characterization of brain neurons that express enzymes mediating neurosteroid biosynthesis"
4736:
Agís-Balboa RC, Pinna G, Zhubi A, Maloku E, Veldic M, Costa E, Guidotti A (September 2006).
4627:
3522:"Different subtypes of GABA-A receptors are expressed in human, mouse and rat T lymphocytes"
2543:
1344:, but more current research describes the notion as being unclear pending further research.
1217:. The system is activated by exposure to allergens and may participate in the mechanisms of
9748:
9051:
8571:
8207:
7718:
7184:
7159:
6779:
6774:
6659:
6448:
6066:
5876:
5477:
5245:
5186:
5030:
4749:
4700:
4037:
3533:
3214:
3203:"GABA exerts protective and regenerative effects on islet beta cells and reverses diabetes"
3156:
3097:
2335:
2284:
1423:
1388:
498:
172:
9680:
1105:
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9685:
9621:
9101:
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8202:
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7728:
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354:
272:
216:
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7924:
7448:
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6158:
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5955:
5897:
5864:
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5769:
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2248:
2213:
2159:
2132:
2034:
1917:
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1549:
1408:
1196:
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1000:
are ligand-activated chloride channels: when activated by GABA, they allow the flow of
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8543:
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7781:
7736:
7574:
6974:
6948:
6674:
6582:
6342:
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5843:
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5500:
5465:
5446:
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5383:
5346:
5336:
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5261:
5214:
5151:
5141:
5067:
5046:
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4960:
4923:
4886:
4849:
4820:
4777:
4716:
4679:
4675:
4639:
4600:
4551:
4541:
4499:
4474:
4433:
4392:
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5009:
4972:
4935:
4861:
4563:
4345:
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3966:
3822:
3421:
2888:
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9542:
9395:
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8789:
8447:
8247:
8177:
8012:
7910:
7742:
7623:
7378:
7335:
7129:
6716:
6440:
6178:
6170:
6135:
6127:
6082:
6074:
6027:
5990:
5937:
5929:
5892:
5884:
5835:
5816:
5796:
5753:
5714:
5663:
5626:
5581:
5532:
5495:
5485:
5436:
5428:
5387:
5379:
5328:
5299:
5273:
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5066:(4th ed.). Bethesda, Maryland: National Center for Biotechnology Information.
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4767:
4757:
4728:
4708:
4671:
4612:
4590:
4533:
4464:
4423:
4382:
4372:
4323:
4284:
4246:
4211:
4176:
4139:
4131:
4076:
4033:
3985:
3946:
3845:
3800:
3748:
3728:
3690:
3682:
3641:
3633:
3592:
3551:
3541:
3506:
3486:
3444:
3401:
3364:
3322:
3281:
3273:
3232:
3222:
3164:
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3054:
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2923:
2915:
2868:
2845:
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2782:
2774:
2733:
2725:
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2676:
2665:"GABA and glutamate depolarize cortical progenitor cells and inhibit DNA synthesis"
2649:
2629:
2584:
2489:
2452:
2444:
2386:
2343:
2312:
2292:
2243:
2225:
2154:
2144:
2102:
1984:
1652:
1465:
1116:
Besides the nervous system, GABA is also produced at relatively high levels in the
1073:
855:
687:
604:
144:
60:
6031:
5705:
receptors are involved in behavioral effects of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB)".
5585:
5019:"Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor"
4361:"United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Safety Review of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)"
4288:
4167:
Foster AC, Kemp JA (February 2006). "Glutamate- and GABA-based CNS therapeutics".
3262:"γ-Aminobutyric acid regulates both the survival and replication of human β-cells"
3184:
2133:"Neurotransmitters as food supplements: the effects of GABA on brain and behavior"
1759:
962:
neurons, and have chiefly inhibitory action at receptors in the adult vertebrate.
9723:
8548:
8457:
8422:
8090:
8072:
7997:
7954:
7817:
7330:
6362:
6322:
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5137:
4328:
4311:
3637:
3546:
3110:
1648:
1330:
1170:
1150:
1054:
987:
381:
6222:
4919:
4537:
4469:
4452:
3686:
3597:
3580:
462:
9626:
9567:
9557:
9532:
9466:
9131:
9026:
8076:
7946:
7841:
7767:
7732:
7392:
7010:
6953:
6918:
6784:
6520:
6426:
6270:
5839:
5059:
4742:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
4312:"Growth hormone isoform responses to GABA ingestion at rest and after exercise"
4180:
4024:
Krantis, Anthony (2000-12-01). "GABA in the
Mammalian Enteric Nervous System".
3369:
3352:
2493:
2390:
1991:
1561:
1533:
1356:
1081:
1050:
also contribute greatly to building up the GABAergic cortical cell population.
993:
929:
916:
870:
799:
7938:
5933:
5303:
4882:
3448:
3011:
2448:
1720:
785:
9910:
9864:
9773:
9753:
9705:
9644:
9634:
9456:
9041:
8731:
8538:
8426:
8407:
8343:
8270:
8182:
8132:
8098:
8061:
8022:
7972:
7812:
7807:
7797:
7761:
7664:
7599:
7549:
7498:
7442:
7383:
7310:
7025:
6754:
6669:
6486:
6131:
5544:
4088:
4045:
3950:
2398:
2239:
2149:
1988:
1969:
1964:
1887:
1671:
1639:
1635:
1392:
1368:
909:
676:
666:
343:
5199:
5042:
4762:
3311:"GABA promotes human β-cell proliferation and modulates glucose homeostasis"
3227:
2347:
9738:
9436:
8998:
8969:
8963:
8774:
8561:
8524:
8520:
8442:
8338:
8026:
8001:
7977:
7699:
7504:
7411:
7364:
7344:
7199:
7066:
6989:
6891:
6579:
6514:
6385:
6192:
6149:
6096:
6039:
6004:
5951:
5906:
5808:
5765:
5726:
5697:
Dimitrijevic N, Dzitoyeva S, Satta R, Imbesi M, Yildiz S, Manev H (2005). "
5675:
5640:
5509:
5490:
5401:
5350:
5311:
5218:
5155:
5071:
4964:
4927:
4890:
4853:
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4781:
4720:
4683:
4604:
4555:
4478:
4428:
4411:
4396:
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4223:
4188:
4153:
4096:
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4007:
3958:
3814:
3740:
3704:
3655:
3606:
3565:
3498:
3456:
3378:
3336:
3295:
3246:
3129:
3068:
3019:
2976:
2952:
2937:
2837:
2747:
2641:
2606:
2518:
The
Glutamate/GABA-Glutamine Cycle: Amino Acid Neurotransmitter Homeostasis
2501:
2466:
2406:
2355:
2257:
2168:
1843:
1569:
1537:
1403:
based on studies of mice). Many of the substances below are known to cause
1192:
9527:
9416:
9006:
6851:
6398:
6393:
5552:
5450:
5265:
5128:
Vanlersberghe, C; Camu, F (2008). "Etomidate and Other Non-Barbiturates".
5050:
5001:
4437:
3413:
3176:
2953:"Excitatory actions of gaba during development: the nature of the nurture"
2880:
2796:
2690:
2542:
Purves D, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Augustine GJ, Lamantia AS, eds. (2007).
2304:
2114:
9802:
9794:
9572:
9251:
9176:
9111:
8950:
8887:
8794:
8736:
8646:
8516:
8507:
8467:
8122:
8117:
8106:
8102:
8052:
8042:
7929:
7914:
7896:
7791:
7757:
7614:
7564:
7544:
7494:
7189:
6861:
6764:
6628:
6288:
6078:
5975:"Mutations in γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transaminase genes in plants or
5132:. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 182. pp. 267–82.
4579:"How theories evolved concerning the mechanism of action of barbiturates"
4250:
2663:
LoTurco JJ, Owens DF, Heath MJ, Davis MB, Kriegstein AR (December 1995).
2270:
1944:
of tomatoes. Evidence also suggests a role in cell signalling in plants.
1675:
1594:
1577:
1545:
1529:
1512:
1400:
1322:
neurotransmitter) into GABA (the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter).
1210:
are increased and of those, 16 are inhibited by GABA in the cell assays.
1188:
888:
8262:
6212:
6159:"Disorders of GABA metabolism: SSADH and GABA-transaminase deficiencies"
4712:
3035:"GABA regulates stem cell proliferation before nervous system formation"
2761:
Behar TN, Schaffner AE, Scott CA, O'Connell C, Barker JL (August 1998).
2230:
1940:
GABA is also found in plants. It is the most abundant amino acid in the
332:
9763:
9758:
9727:
9713:
9695:
9577:
9486:
9446:
9421:
9371:
9136:
9046:
8955:
8945:
8804:
8621:
8611:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8553:
8532:
8502:
8437:
8417:
8411:
8313:
8280:
8274:
8266:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8142:
8094:
8067:
8032:
8007:
7866:
7861:
7855:
7802:
7751:
7747:
7634:
7489:
7231:
7139:
7020:
7015:
6997:
6943:
6724:
6664:
6595:
6492:
6412:
6347:
6293:
5942:
5888:
5631:
5610:
5523:
Whitwam, J. G.; Amrein, R. (1995-01-01). "Pharmacology of flumazenil".
5415:
Ueno, S; Bracamontes, J; Zorumski, C; Weiss, DS; Steinbach, JH (1997).
5087:
4377:
4135:
3805:
3788:
3260:
Tian J, Dang H, Chen Z, Guan A, Jin Y, Atkinson MA, Kaufman DL (2013).
1996:
1895:
1891:
1877:
1873:
1865:
1861:
1847:
1723:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
1631:
1606:
1457:
1430:
1326:
1311:
1276:
1234:
1214:
1132:
852:
635:
393:
363:
303:
7179:
6174:
6018:
Bouché N, Fromm H (March 2004). "GABA in plants: just a metabolite?".
5327:. Advances in Pharmacology. Vol. 54. Elsevier. pp. 171–203.
5017:
Majewska MD, Harrison NL, Schwartz RD, Barker JL, Paul SM (May 1986).
4595:
4578:
3327:
3310:
3277:
2583:. International Review of Neurobiology. Vol. 71. pp. 27–62.
1340:
Historically it was thought that exogenous GABA did not penetrate the
1100:
mRNA expression of the embryonic variant of the GABA-producing enzyme
9700:
9562:
9501:
9271:
9266:
9256:
9216:
9161:
9146:
9126:
9121:
9106:
8902:
8872:
8779:
8759:
8754:
8606:
8528:
8462:
8432:
8403:
8333:
8318:
8285:
8252:
8016:
7992:
7950:
7942:
7901:
7891:
7875:
7871:
7847:
7832:
7827:
7787:
7704:
7689:
7654:
7644:
7629:
7604:
7584:
7539:
7248:
7052:
6958:
6871:
6590:
6509:
6504:
6262:
5757:
4530:
GABAA Receptors and the
Diversity in their Structure and Pharmacology
4495:
The Brain, the
Nervous System, and Their Diseases [3 volumes]
3937:
Petroff OA (December 2002). "GABA and glutamate in the human brain".
3168:
2633:
2296:
2064:
1903:
1899:
1869:
1851:
1827:
1619:
1557:
1516:
1461:
1445:
1434:
1296:
1252:
1162:
1121:
1043:
1039:
1032:
959:
943:
6685:
6055:"Does GABA Act as a Signal in Plants?: Hints from Molecular Studies"
5323:
Receptor
Subunit Selectivity of Alcohol Actions". In Enna SJ (ed.).
5018:
4845:
4066:
1287:
1213:
In 2007, an excitatory GABAergic system was described in the airway
1076:. GABA can influence the development of neural progenitor cells via
798:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
9512:
9481:
9461:
9451:
9261:
9191:
9181:
9141:
9116:
9056:
8959:
8867:
8741:
8671:
8626:
8557:
8497:
8482:
8397:
8358:
8257:
8137:
8046:
7986:
7966:
7958:
7851:
7837:
7821:
7771:
7669:
7659:
7639:
7609:
7593:
7484:
7169:
7033:
6938:
6749:
6526:
6480:
3732:
3088:
2968:
1974:
1941:
1831:
1820:
1812:
1808:
1683:
1598:
1573:
1553:
1504:
1469:
1364:
1355:
enzymes catalyze the conversion of 4-aminobutanoic acid (GABA) and
1238:
1207:
1191:
express receptors for GABA and administration of GABA can suppress
1143:
1136:
1125:
1015:
1001:
423:
323:
5257:
3786:
1267:
In 1950, GABA was discovered as an integral part of the mammalian
239:
9552:
9441:
9166:
9151:
9061:
8974:
8701:
8661:
8656:
8581:
8492:
8472:
8388:
8037:
7777:
7693:
7674:
7509:
7369:
7285:
6881:
6866:
6856:
6846:
6799:
6769:
6614:
6372:
2006:
1602:
1565:
1166:
1158:
1117:
1062:
656:
449:
8217:
8212:
5696:
4908:
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry
2760:
2130:
9591:
9476:
9426:
9031:
7982:
7885:
7589:
6876:
6804:
6376:
6334:
5088:
Toraskar, Mrunmayee; Pratima R.P. Singh; Shashank Neve (2010).
1667:
1300:
1222:
1218:
1154:
975:
971:
866:
859:
283:
110:
5744:
L.) using an in vitro measure of GABA transaminase activity".
5016:
3349:
2541:
2185:
Generalized Non-Convulsive Epilepsy: Focus on GABA-B Receptors
89:
9076:
8726:
8452:
8302:
7918:
7534:
7098:
6904:
6578:
5972:
5289:
4630:
Basic Neurochemistry: Molecular, Cellular and Medical Aspects
3917:
3142:
1178:
1174:
1101:
1088:, causing cell cycle arrest in the S-phase, limiting growth.
983:
979:
473:
263:
229:
6197:
Clinical disorders known to affect inherited GABA metabolism
5414:
4409:
3984:. Progress in Brain Research. Vol. 160. pp. 9–19.
3579:
Tian J, Lu Y, Zhang H, Chau CH, Dang HN, Kaufman DL (2004).
1014:
inside the cell changes the functional role of GABA between
515:
101:
9171:
8984:
8666:
8636:
8378:
8368:
8308:
8298:
8294:
7881:
5318:
5062:. In Noebels JL, Avoli M, Rogawski MA, et al. (eds.).
4735:
4359:
Oketch-Rabah HA, Madden EF, Roe AL, Betz JM (August 2021).
3865:
Molecular Orbital Calculations for Amino Acids and Peptides
2858:
2479:
1663:
1508:
414:
159:
95:
80:
75:
8682:
5168:
3082:
Popp A, Urbach A, Witte OW, Frahm C (2009). Reh TA (ed.).
2181:
1181:, albeit at much lower levels than in neurons or β-cells.
8086:
5834:. Vol. 79. New Jersey: Humana Press. p. 91–96.
4690:
4532:. Advances in Pharmacology. Vol. 79. pp. 1–34.
4358:
4310:
Powers ME, Yarrow JF, McCoy SC, Borst SE (January 2008).
2182:
Marescaux, C.; Vergnes, M.; Bernasconi, R. (2013-03-08).
1916:
of GABA and can be converted into GABA by the actions of
1203:
153:
150:
130:
124:
113:
69:
66:
9655:
5739:
4979:
2325:
1241:
group deprotonated and the amino group protonated). Its
5919:
3671:"+ T Cells and Is Immunosuppressive in Type 1 Diabetes"
3200:
2712:
Haydar TF, Wang F, Schwartz ML, Rakic P (August 2000).
2711:
2370:
16:
Main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain
9008:
7466:
6156:
5786:
5175:: adult RNA interference and pharmacological evidence"
4450:
4309:
3982:
Gaba and the Basal Ganglia - from Molecules to Systems
3979:
3519:
2997:
2809:
2662:
982:
and muscle cells, and also the stimulation of certain
6157:
Parviz M, Vogel K, Gibson KM, Pearl PL (2014-11-25).
4570:
4451:
Sato S, Yinc C, Teramoto A, Sakuma Y, Kato M (2008).
4274:
4120:"The Metabolism and Functions of γ-Aminobutyric Acid"
3308:
3032:
958:
Neurons that produce GABA as their output are called
127:
116:
92:
5231:
4410:
Balemans MG, Mans D, Smith I, Van Benthem J (1983).
4236:
3886:
3884:
3668:
3472:
3081:
2901:
2577:"The role of GABA in the early neuronal development"
2550:(4th ed.). Sunderland, Mass: Sinauer. pp.
942:
that open or close ion channels via intermediaries (
156:
133:
107:
98:
9517:
Tooltip Vesicular inhibitory amino acid transporter
5862:
5611:"Sleep circuitry and the hypnotic mechanism of GABA
5573:
4788:
4652:
3619:
3477:receptors mediate inhibition of T cell responses".
2810:Ganguly K, Schinder AF, Wong ST, Poo M (May 2001).
2211:
2207:
2205:
402:
147:
121:
104:
86:
83:
72:
63:
5823:
4868:
4661:
4201:
3829:
3717:
3473:Tian J, Chau C, Hales TG, Kaufman DL (1999). "GABA
2514:
2056:
1484:receptor ligands are shown in the following table
1046:(acting on nearby cells) signalling mediator. The
7303:
6252:
5525:Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. Supplementum
5127:
4619:
3897:. Oxford : Oxford University Press. p. 106.
3881:
2535:
2515:Schousboe, Arne; Sonnewald, Ursula (2016-11-25).
1318:. This process converts glutamate (the principal
9862:
5466:"Absinthe and gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors"
3259:
2376:
2202:
1221:. GABAergic systems have also been found in the
555:InChI=1S/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
461:
9601:
7323:
7247:
7107:
6113:
4576:
4523:
4521:
4519:
4517:
4515:
3890:
3578:
3468:
3466:
3196:
3194:
2619:
2574:
2275:GABA receptor confers insecticide resistance".
1519:, piperidine-4-sulfonic acid (partial agonist)
954:Release, Reuptake, and Metabolism Cycle of GABA
565:InChI=1/C4H9NO2/c5-3-1-2-4(6)7/h1-3,5H2,(H,6,7)
215:
5829:
5577:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry
4831:
3520:Mendu SK, Bhandage A, Jin Z, Birnir B (2012).
2426:
2424:
2002:Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency
1719:Please review the contents of the section and
986:. In mammals, some GABAergic neurons, such as
9886:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
9348:
7427:
6701:
6238:
5522:
5169:Dzitoyeva S, Dimitrijevic N, Manev H (2003).
5057:
4942:
4270:
4268:
3434:
1363:and glutamate. Succinic semialdehyde is then
1228:
7441:
6384:
6046:
6011:
5913:
5856:
5780:
5733:
5690:
5647:
5280:
5162:
4512:
4352:
4230:
4195:
4160:
3973:
3930:
3835:
3613:
3572:
3513:
3463:
3343:
3302:
3253:
3191:
3075:
3026:
2991:
2944:
2895:
2803:
2705:
2613:
2568:
2473:
1139:(which would counteract insulin's effects).
1104:in a coronal brain section of a one-day-old
1091:
681:247.9 °C (478.2 °F; 521.0 K)
671:203.7 °C (398.7 °F; 476.8 K)
9364:
7443:
6017:
5225:
5064:Jasper's Basic Mechanisms of the Epilepsies
4791:"Neurosteroid access to the GABAA receptor"
4403:
4316:Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
3620:Tian J, Yong J, Dang H, Kaufman DL (2011).
3385:
3136:
2852:
2754:
2656:
2421:
2319:
2092:
1135:(α-cells) and inhibits them from secreting
1053:GABA regulates the proliferation of neural
9355:
9341:
8691:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A-rho receptor
7434:
7420:
7240:
6708:
6694:
6245:
6231:
5653:
4527:
4303:
4265:
4166:
4111:
3894:The Biochemical Basis of Neuropharmacology
3761:
3755:
3711:
3033:Wang DD, Kriegstein AR, Ben-Ari Y (2008).
2264:
2088:
2086:
2084:
530:
353:
311:
9849:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
7357:
6182:
6139:
6086:
5994:
5941:
5896:
5630:
5499:
5489:
5440:
5391:
5208:
5198:
4905:
4814:
4771:
4761:
4625:
4594:
4468:
4427:
4386:
4376:
4327:
4143:
4117:
3804:
3780:
3694:
3645:
3596:
3555:
3545:
3391:
3368:
3326:
3285:
3236:
3226:
3119:
3109:
3058:
2927:
2827:
2786:
2737:
2680:
2456:
2247:
2229:
2188:. Springer Science & Business Media.
2158:
2148:
497:
9901:Biology of obsessive–compulsive disorder
9749:Valproate semisodium (divalproex sodium)
9660:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyrate aminotransferase
9396:
5463:
3838:Journal of Molecular Structure: THEOCHEM
1666:contains GABAergic compounds, including
1286:
1095:
949:
6116:"A half century of γ-aminobutyric acid"
6052:
5608:
4491:
4023:
3936:
2950:
2081:
1456:Although in chemical terms, GABA is an
526:
439:
331:
9863:
9016:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid B receptor
7474:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid A receptor
5365:
5286:Source unclear. One of the following:
4945:Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism
4038:10.1152/physiologyonline.2000.15.6.284
1080:(BDNF) expression. GABA activates the
344:
9336:
7415:
6715:
6689:
6226:
4577:Löscher, W.; Rogawski, M. A. (2012).
4457:The Journal of Physiological Sciences
4019:
4017:
3891:Roth RJ, Cooper JR, Bloom FE (2003).
3862:
3764:The Leydig cell in health and disease
2060:CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics
558:Key: BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
291:
271:
9321:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
6213:List of GABA neurons on NeuroLex.org
4416:Reproduction, Nutrition, Development
4118:Bown AW, Shelp BJ (September 1997).
2581:GABA in Autism and Related Disorders
2430:
2126:
2124:
2050:
1796:Other GABAergic modulators include:
1688:
1590:Orthosteric (competitive) Antagonist
1414:In general, GABA does not cross the
1291:GABAergic neurons which produce GABA
1021:
966:are a typical example of inhibitory
9437:Deramciclane (EGIS-3886, EGYT-3886)
7717:Positive modulators (abridged; see
6203:Gamma-aminobutyric acid MS Spectrum
5567:
4634:(7th ed.). Elsevier. pp.
4492:Hellier, Jennifer L. (2014-12-16).
1373:succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
1295:GABA is primarily synthesized from
1251:extended, are found as a result of
922:in which the receptor is part of a
903:
568:Key: BTCSSZJGUNDROE-UHFFFAOYAC
452:
422:
13:
5619:Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine
5537:10.1111/j.1399-6576.1995.tb04374.x
5433:10.1523/jneurosci.17-02-00625.1997
4081:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.01.062
4014:
3406:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01882.x
2920:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.21-07-02343.2001
2779:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-16-06378.1998
2730:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-15-05764.2000
1475:
1325:GABA can also be synthesized from
1068:GABA also regulates the growth of
14:
9927:
9252:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
8750:-Chloroacetylcytosine arabinoside
7545:Homotaurine (tramiprosate, 3-APS)
6107:
2121:
2031:Template:GABA receptor modulators
1108:, with the highest expression in
1078:brain-derived neurotrophic factor
865:. Its principal role is reducing
6114:Smart TG, Stephenson FA (2019).
5996:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2010.04327.x
5668:10.2165/00023210-200216110-00002
5384:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.004
4676:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.03.007
3051:10.1111/j.1535-7511.2008.00270.x
2057:Haynes, William M., ed. (2016).
1785:
1693:
806:
792:12,680 mg/kg (mouse, oral)
622:
616:
143:
59:
41:
32:
9606:Tooltip Glutamate decarboxylase
8544:Pentylenetetrazol (pentetrazol)
5966:
5602:
5516:
5457:
5408:
5359:
5121:
5081:
4664:Pharmacology & Therapeutics
4485:
4444:
4060:
3911:
3856:
3662:
3428:
2508:
2019:
1472:as are many alpha-amino acids.
1382:
1282:
1065:and the formation of synapses.
978:activation at synapses between
802:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
6954:Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
5097:Deccan Journal of Pharmacology
5058:Reddy DS, Rogawski MA (2012).
4807:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4173-05.2005
3147:-receptor chloride channels".
2575:Jelitai M, Madarasz E (2005).
2175:
1961:(GABA-transaminase) deficiency
1721:add the appropriate references
1655:, which then acts via the GABA
1627:Negative allosteric modulators
1580:, and anaesthetics (including
1525:Positive allosteric modulators
1379:as a usable source of energy.
1042:(acting on the same cell) and
858:in the developmentally mature
753:Occupational safety and health
651:white microcrystalline powder
625:
610:
1:
9916:Non-proteinogenic amino acids
9824:Receptor/signaling modulators
9303:Receptor/signaling modulators
8458:Isopregnanolone (sepranolone)
6254:Non-proteinogenic amino acids
6163:Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy
6053:Roberts MR (September 2007).
6032:10.1016/j.tplants.2004.01.006
5609:Lu, J.; Greco, M. A. (2006).
5586:10.1002/14356007.a06_527.pub2
5333:10.1016/S1054-3589(06)54008-6
5090:"STUDY OF GABAERGIC AGONISTS"
4957:10.1016/S1043-2760(01)00503-3
4289:10.1152/physrev.1999.79.2.511
4216:10.1016/S0165-6147(00)01807-1
3990:10.1016/S0079-6123(06)60002-2
3491:10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00264-1
2829:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00341-5
2589:10.1016/S0074-7742(05)71002-3
2043:
1347:
9906:Peripherally selective drugs
9842:receptor positive modulators
9314:receptor positive modulators
7822:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
6208:Scholarpedia article on GABA
5801:10.1016/j.neulet.2011.01.072
5719:10.1016/j.ejphar.2005.07.016
5470:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
5179:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
5138:10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_13
4994:10.1016/0896-6273(90)90202-Q
4834:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
4329:10.1249/mss.0b013e318158b518
3850:10.1016/0166-1280(88)80084-8
3638:10.3109/08916934.2011.571223
3547:10.1371/journal.pone.0042959
3207:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A
3111:10.1371/journal.pone.0004371
2951:Ben-Ari Y (September 2002).
2873:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90505-F
2682:10.1016/0896-6273(95)90008-X
2107:10.1016/0028-3908(71)90013-X
1980:Giant depolarizing potential
1959:4-aminobutyrate transaminase
1935:
1858:GABA transaminase inhibitors
1647:GABAergic pro-drugs include
1464:, refers specifically to an
1451:
1395:(known as GABA analogues or
869:excitability throughout the
7:
9369:Tooltip γ-Aminobutyric acid
6547:List of abiotic amino acids
6358:Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid
5979:reduce bacterial virulence"
5421:The Journal of Neuroscience
4920:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2004.11.001
4795:The Journal of Neuroscience
4538:10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.003
4470:10.2170/physiolsci.rp006208
3762:Payne AH, Hardy MH (2007).
3687:10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.03.019
3598:10.4049/jimmunol.173.8.5298
2379:Nature Reviews Neuroscience
1947:
1706:reliable medical references
940:G protein-coupled receptors
898:
774:or concentration (LD, LC):
10:
9932:
8513:Nonsteroidal antiandrogens
5366:Fisher JL (January 2009).
5103:(2): 56–69. Archived from
4181:10.1016/j.coph.2005.11.005
3370:10.1016/j.cell.2016.11.002
2494:10.1152/physrev.00017.2006
2391:10.1038/s41583-023-00724-7
1651:, which is metabolised to
1259:
1233:GABA is found mostly as a
1229:Structure and conformation
1199:in several animal models.
18:
9896:Glycine receptor agonists
9815:
9793:
9786:
9671:3-Hydrazinopropionic acid
9653:
9599:
9590:
9510:
9394:
9385:
9294:
8997:
8680:
7464:
7455:
7296:
7284:
7230:
7207:
7198:
7097:
7074:
7065:
7045:
6967:
6926:
6917:
6890:
6839:
6813:
6760:Glutamic acid (glutamate)
6755:Aspartic acid (aspartate)
6742:
6733:
6723:
6623:
6571:
6555:
6539:
6461:
6439:
6411:
6371:
6332:
6307:
6279:
6260:
5934:10.1007/s00018-016-2415-7
5304:10.1016/j.bcp.2004.07.023
4883:10.1007/s00213-005-0213-2
3449:10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.041
3012:10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.1005
2449:10.1007/s12264-008-0109-3
1712:or relies too heavily on
1092:Beyond the nervous system
796:
770:
750:
745:
597:
577:
542:
199:
183:
171:
49:
40:
31:
9831:GABA receptor modulators
9617:3-Mercaptopropionic acid
9401:Tooltip GABA transporter
8062:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
6944:Epinephrine (adrenaline)
6132:10.1177/2398212819858249
5840:10.1385/0-89603-448-8:91
5292:Biochemical Pharmacology
5236:and glycine receptors".
3951:10.1177/1073858402238515
2431:Li K, Xu E (June 2008).
2150:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01520
2012:
1840:GABA reuptake inhibitors
1616:(e.g., channel blocker)
1614:Uncompetitive antagonist
924:ligand-gated ion channel
6317:gamma-Aminobutyric acid
5580:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH.
5464:Olsen RW (April 2000).
5200:10.1073/pnas.0830111100
5043:10.1126/science.2422758
4763:10.1073/pnas.0606544103
3228:10.1073/pnas.1102715108
2348:10.1126/science.1121325
1420:periventricular nucleus
1375:and as such enters the
1359:(α-ketoglutarate) into
1304:glutamate decarboxylase
1206:patients, levels of 26
908:Two general classes of
845:gamma Aminobutyric acid
441:gamma-Aminobutyric+Acid
9881:GABA receptor agonists
9871:Inhibitory amino acids
8941:5α-Dihydroprogesterone
8488:Morphine-3-glucuronide
8148:Hyenachin (mellitoxin)
8033:Retigabine (ezogabine)
7379:Carbonyl sulfide (COS)
6980:N-Methylphenethylamine
6556:Engineered amino acids
6499:Dihydroxyphenylglycine
6421:2-Aminoisobutyric acid
5491:10.1073/pnas.97.9.4417
2035:GABAA receptor#Ligands
2029:ligands are listed at
1954:3-Aminoisobutyric acid
1930:metabolic intermediate
1922:aldehyde dehydrogenase
1552:(i.e., z-drugs, e.g.,
1335:aldehyde dehydrogenase
1292:
1269:central nervous system
1113:
968:central nervous system
955:
936:metabotropic receptors
863:central nervous system
8329:Chlorophenylsilatrane
7120:2-AGE (noladin ether)
6563:Expanded genetic code
4204:Trends Pharmacol. Sci
1914:biochemical precursor
1582:volatile anaesthetics
1389:allosteric modulators
1361:succinic semialdehyde
1290:
1225:and in the eye lens.
1099:
1011:electrical resistance
953:
21:Gaba (disambiguation)
9279:Negative modulators:
9159:Positive modulators:
9052:Arbaclofen placarbil
8938:Negative modulators:
8787:Positive modulators:
8572:Pregnenolone sulfate
8208:17-Phenylandrostenol
8190:Negative modulators:
8075:constituents (e.g.,
8045:constituents (e.g.,
7907:Neuroactive steroids
7884:constituents (e.g.,
7620:Neuroactive steroids
7331:Carbon monoxide (CO)
6449:Carboxyglutamic acid
6126:: 2398212819858249.
6079:10.4161/psb.2.5.4335
5977:Pseudomonas syringae
5789:Neuroscience Letters
4429:10.1051/rnd:19830114
4251:10.1056/NEJMra021261
1987:, a GABA deficiency
1926:γ-aminobutyraldehyde
1538:neuroactive steroids
1501:Orthosteric Agonist
1424:human growth hormone
1310:(the active form of
1057:, the migration and
1048:ganglionic eminences
190:3-Carboxypropylamine
186:γ-Aminobutanoic acid
177:4-Aminobutanoic acid
173:Preferred IUPAC name
27:γ-Aminobutyric acid
19:For other uses, see
9538:Chicago sky blue 6B
9412:4-Aminovaleric acid
8868:Gabazine (SR-95531)
8858:CGP-36742 (SGS-742)
8566:dihydropicrotoxinin
8291:Bicyclic phosphates
8203:11-Ketoprogesterone
8138:Gabazine (SR-95531)
7963:pyrazolopyrimidines
7336:Hydrogen sulfide (H
7190:Virodhamine (O-AEA)
6609:Aminolevulinic acid
6540:Abiotic amino acids
6475:Aminolevulinic acid
6469:4-Aminobenzoic acid
6299:Diaminopimelic acid
6281:bacterial cell wall
6071:2007PlSiB...2..408R
5922:Cell. Mol. Life Sci
5881:2015NatCo...6.7879R
5832:Polyamine Protocols
5742:Melissa officinalis
5482:2000PNAS...97.4417O
5250:1997Natur.389..385M
5191:2003PNAS..100.5485D
5035:1986Sci...232.1004D
4754:2006PNAS..10314602A
4713:10.1038/nature05324
4705:2006Natur.444..486H
4169:Curr Opin Pharmacol
3538:2012PLoSO...742959M
3219:2011PNAS..10811692S
3161:1989Natur.341..233R
3102:2009PLoSO...4.4371P
2340:2006Sci...311..233S
2289:1993Natur.363..449F
2231:10.7554/eLife.39383
1882:Melissa officinalis
1507:, GABA, gaboxadol (
1416:blood–brain barrier
1405:anterograde amnesia
1342:blood–brain barrier
1308:pyridoxal phosphate
1197:autoimmune diseases
1110:subventricular zone
1007:Shunting inhibition
882:blood–brain barrier
849:γ-Aminobutyric acid
688:Solubility in water
643: g·mol
253:Beilstein Reference
188:4-Aminobutyric acid
28:
8389:FG-7142 (ZK-31906)
7935:Nonbenzodiazepines
7393:Sulfur dioxide (SO
7304:Cholinergic system
7006:Phenylethanolamine
6985:N-Methyltryptamine
6949:NAS (normelatonin)
6736:inhibitory systems
6734:Major excitatory /
6675:Dehydroamino acids
6635:Encoded (proteins)
6120:Brain Neurosci Adv
6059:Plant Signal Behav
5889:10.1038/ncomms8879
5632:10.5664/jcsm.26527
5130:Modern Anesthetics
4871:Psychopharmacology
4378:10.3390/nu13082742
4136:10.1104/pp.115.1.1
3806:10.1002/dvdy.21361
3363:(1–2): 73–85.e11.
2957:Nat. Rev. Neurosci
2622:Nat. Rev. Neurosci
1918:aldehyde reductase
1804:receptor ligands.
1680:dihydromethysticin
1550:nonbenzodiazepines
1444:(the precursor of
1429:GABA enhances the
1409:retrograde amnesia
1387:Drugs that act as
1293:
1114:
1061:the elongation of
964:Medium spiny cells
956:
878:dietary supplement
876:GABA is sold as a
829:Infobox references
766:Irritant, Harmful
727:4.031 (carboxyl; H
26:
9891:Gamma-Amino acids
9858:
9857:
9811:
9810:
9782:
9781:
9744:Valproate pivoxil
9708:
9681:γ-Acetylenic-GABA
9586:
9585:
9330:
9329:
9290:
9289:
9212:2-Hydroxysaclofen
8993:
8992:
8883:Isonipecotic acid
8248:Anabolic steroids
8218:α5IA (LS-193,268)
8128:Dihydrosecurinine
8013:Pyrazolopyridines
7782:potassium bromide
7780:compounds (e.g.,
7743:Anabolic steroids
7721:for a full list):
7575:Isonipecotic acid
7409:
7408:
7405:
7404:
7353:
7352:
7345:Nitric oxide (NO)
7319:
7318:
7292:
7280:
7279:
7276:
7275:
7226:
7225:
7222:
7221:
7093:
7092:
7089:
7088:
7061:
7060:
6975:3-Iodothyronamine
6913:
6912:
6717:Neurotransmitters
6683:
6682:
6645:Non-proteinogenic
6604:
6603:
6583:citric acid cycle
6535:
6534:
6457:
6456:
6435:
6434:
6407:
6406:
6343:ADDA (amino acid)
6309:neurotransmitters
6175:10.3233/PEP-14097
5849:978-0-89603-448-8
5707:Eur. J. Pharmacol
5372:Neuropharmacology
5342:978-0-12-032957-1
5244:(6649): 385–389.
5147:978-3-540-72813-9
4645:978-0-12-088397-4
4596:10.1111/epi.12025
4505:978-1-61069-338-7
3999:978-0-444-52184-2
3904:978-0-19-514008-8
3874:978-0-8176-3893-1
3863:Sapse AM (2000).
3773:978-1-58829-754-9
3328:10.2337/db14-0153
3278:10.2337/db13-0931
2561:978-0-87893-697-7
2528:978-3-319-45096-4
2334:(5758): 233–235.
2195:978-3-7091-9206-1
2095:Neuropharmacology
2067:. pp. 5–88.
2063:(97th ed.).
1910:4-Amino-1-butanol
1794:
1793:
1770:
1645:
1644:
1377:citric acid cycle
1353:GABA transaminase
1248:quantum chemistry
1124:(β-cells) of the
1074:neural stem cells
1022:Brain development
837:Chemical compound
835:
834:
511:CompTox Dashboard
241:Interactive image
9923:
9791:
9790:
9734:Sodium valproate
9706:
9661:
9657:
9629:
9607:
9603:
9597:
9596:
9518:
9514:
9402:
9398:
9392:
9391:
9370:
9366:
9357:
9350:
9343:
9334:
9333:
9037:4-Fluorophenibut
9017:
9013:
9004:
9003:
8873:Gaboxadol (THIP)
8790:Allopregnanolone
8692:
8688:
8423:Fluoroquinolones
8178:Thiocolchicoside
7998:Piperidinediones
7955:imidazopyridines
7911:allopregnanolone
7818:Dihydroergolines
7733:drinking alcohol
7624:allopregnanolone
7540:Gaboxadol (THIP)
7475:
7471:
7462:
7461:
7445:
7436:
7429:
7422:
7413:
7412:
7384:Nitrous oxide (N
7355:
7354:
7324:Gasotransmitters
7321:
7320:
7301:
7300:
7291:
7245:
7244:
7238:
7237:
7205:
7204:
7140:Anandamide (AEA)
7108:Endocannabinoids
7105:
7104:
7072:
7071:
6959:Serotonin (5-HT)
6924:
6923:
6743:Glutamate system
6740:
6739:
6731:
6730:
6710:
6703:
6696:
6687:
6686:
6576:
6575:
6459:
6458:
6441:clotting factors
6437:
6436:
6409:
6408:
6382:
6381:
6247:
6240:
6233:
6224:
6223:
6199:
6186:
6153:
6143:
6101:
6100:
6090:
6050:
6044:
6043:
6020:Trends Plant Sci
6015:
6009:
6008:
5998:
5970:
5964:
5963:
5945:
5928:(9): 1577–1603.
5917:
5911:
5910:
5900:
5860:
5854:
5853:
5827:
5821:
5820:
5784:
5778:
5777:
5758:10.1002/ptr.2712
5737:
5731:
5730:
5694:
5688:
5687:
5651:
5645:
5644:
5634:
5606:
5600:
5599:
5571:
5565:
5564:
5520:
5514:
5513:
5503:
5493:
5461:
5455:
5454:
5444:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5395:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5315:
5298:(8): 1581–1602.
5284:
5278:
5277:
5229:
5223:
5222:
5212:
5202:
5185:(9): 5485–5490.
5166:
5160:
5159:
5125:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5115:
5109:
5094:
5085:
5079:
5075:
5054:
5029:(4753): 1004–7.
5013:
4976:
4939:
4902:
4865:
4828:
4818:
4801:(50): 11605–13.
4785:
4775:
4765:
4732:
4687:
4656:
4650:
4649:
4633:
4623:
4617:
4616:
4598:
4574:
4568:
4567:
4525:
4510:
4509:
4489:
4483:
4482:
4472:
4448:
4442:
4441:
4431:
4407:
4401:
4400:
4390:
4380:
4356:
4350:
4349:
4331:
4307:
4301:
4300:
4272:
4263:
4262:
4234:
4228:
4227:
4199:
4193:
4192:
4164:
4158:
4157:
4147:
4115:
4109:
4108:
4064:
4058:
4057:
4021:
4012:
4011:
3977:
3971:
3970:
3934:
3928:
3927:
3915:
3909:
3908:
3888:
3879:
3878:
3860:
3854:
3853:
3833:
3827:
3826:
3808:
3784:
3778:
3777:
3766:. Humana Press.
3759:
3753:
3752:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3698:
3666:
3660:
3659:
3649:
3617:
3611:
3610:
3600:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3559:
3549:
3517:
3511:
3510:
3470:
3461:
3460:
3432:
3426:
3425:
3389:
3383:
3382:
3372:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3330:
3321:(12): 4197–205.
3306:
3300:
3299:
3289:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3240:
3230:
3198:
3189:
3188:
3169:10.1038/341233a0
3140:
3134:
3133:
3123:
3113:
3079:
3073:
3072:
3062:
3030:
3024:
3023:
2995:
2989:
2988:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2931:
2899:
2893:
2892:
2867:(1–2): 150–154.
2856:
2850:
2849:
2831:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2790:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2741:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2684:
2675:(6): 1287–1298.
2660:
2654:
2653:
2634:10.1038/35097509
2617:
2611:
2610:
2572:
2566:
2565:
2549:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2488:(4): 1215–1284.
2477:
2471:
2470:
2460:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2374:
2368:
2367:
2323:
2317:
2316:
2297:10.1038/363449a0
2283:(6428): 449–51.
2268:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2233:
2209:
2200:
2199:
2179:
2173:
2172:
2162:
2152:
2128:
2119:
2118:
2090:
2079:
2078:
2054:
2037:
2023:
1985:Spastic diplegia
1789:
1788:
1780:
1777:
1771:
1769:
1728:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1653:trichloroethanol
1490:Activity at GABA
1487:
1486:
1466:alpha amino acid
1442:-acetylserotonin
1237:(i.e., with the
1055:progenitor cells
988:chandelier cells
904:Neurotransmitter
891:form of GABA is
856:neurotransmitter
819:
813:
810:
809:
734:10.556 (amino; H
642:
627:
624:
618:
612:
605:Chemical formula
535:
534:
519:
517:
501:
465:
454:
443:
426:
406:
382:Gmelin Reference
365:
357:
346:
335:
315:
295:
275:
243:
219:
194:Piperidinic acid
166:
165:
162:
161:
158:
155:
152:
149:
140:
139:
136:
135:
132:
129:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
78:
77:
74:
71:
68:
65:
45:
36:
29:
25:
9931:
9930:
9926:
9925:
9924:
9922:
9921:
9920:
9861:
9860:
9859:
9854:
9841:
9807:
9778:
9724:Rosmarinic acid
9659:
9649:
9627:
9605:
9582:
9516:
9506:
9400:
9381:
9368:
9361:
9331:
9326:
9313:
9286:
9015:
9012:
8989:
8717:Homohypotaurine
8690:
8686:
8676:
8549:Phenylsilatrane
8091:chloral hydrate
8058:Sulfonylalkanes
7947:cyclopyrrolones
7768:Benzodiazepines
7520:Dihydromuscimol
7473:
7470:
7451:
7440:
7410:
7401:
7396:
7387:
7373:
7349:
7339:
7315:
7272:
7218:
7194:
7085:
7057:
7041:
6963:
6919:Biogenic amines
6909:
6886:
6835:
6809:
6735:
6719:
6714:
6684:
6679:
6678:
6660:Secondary amino
6619:
6600:
6567:
6551:
6531:
6453:
6431:
6403:
6367:
6363:Quisqualic acid
6328:
6323:Quisqualic acid
6303:
6275:
6256:
6251:
6110:
6105:
6104:
6051:
6047:
6016:
6012:
5971:
5967:
5918:
5914:
5861:
5857:
5850:
5828:
5824:
5785:
5781:
5738:
5734:
5704:
5695:
5691:
5652:
5648:
5614:
5607:
5603:
5596:
5572:
5568:
5521:
5517:
5462:
5458:
5413:
5409:
5364:
5360:
5343:
5322:
5285:
5281:
5235:
5230:
5226:
5167:
5163:
5148:
5126:
5122:
5113:
5111:
5107:
5092:
5086:
5082:
5078:
4846:10.1038/nrn1703
4748:(39): 14602–7.
4699:(7118): 486–9.
4657:
4653:
4646:
4624:
4620:
4575:
4571:
4548:
4526:
4513:
4506:
4490:
4486:
4449:
4445:
4408:
4404:
4357:
4353:
4308:
4304:
4273:
4266:
4245:(21): 2110–24.
4239:N. Engl. J. Med
4235:
4231:
4200:
4196:
4165:
4161:
4116:
4112:
4065:
4061:
4022:
4015:
4000:
3978:
3974:
3935:
3931:
3916:
3912:
3905:
3889:
3882:
3875:
3861:
3857:
3834:
3830:
3799:(12): 3532–44.
3785:
3781:
3774:
3760:
3756:
3716:
3712:
3667:
3663:
3618:
3614:
3591:(8): 5298–304.
3577:
3573:
3518:
3514:
3479:J. Neuroimmunol
3476:
3471:
3464:
3433:
3429:
3390:
3386:
3348:
3344:
3307:
3303:
3258:
3254:
3213:(28): 11692–7.
3199:
3192:
3155:(6239): 233–6.
3146:
3141:
3137:
3080:
3076:
3031:
3027:
3000:J. Neurophysiol
2996:
2992:
2949:
2945:
2900:
2896:
2857:
2853:
2808:
2804:
2773:(16): 6378–87.
2759:
2755:
2724:(15): 5764–74.
2710:
2706:
2661:
2657:
2618:
2614:
2599:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2540:
2536:
2529:
2513:
2509:
2478:
2474:
2429:
2422:
2375:
2371:
2324:
2320:
2269:
2265:
2210:
2203:
2196:
2180:
2176:
2129:
2122:
2091:
2082:
2075:
2055:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2040:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
1950:
1938:
1803:
1790:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1729:
1718:
1714:primary sources
1698:
1694:
1658:
1649:chloral hydrate
1534:benzodiazepines
1493:
1483:
1478:
1476:GABAergic drugs
1454:
1385:
1350:
1331:diamine oxidase
1285:
1262:
1231:
1171:urinary bladder
1151:fallopian tubes
1094:
1085:
1059:differentiation
1024:
997:
933:
920:
906:
901:
893:γ-aminobutyrate
851:) is the chief
838:
831:
826:
825:
824: ?)
815:
811:
807:
803:
789:
783:
763:
741:
737:
730:
720:
690:
661:1.11 g/mL
640:
630:
621:
615:
607:
593:
590:
585:
584:
573:
570:
569:
566:
560:
559:
556:
550:
549:
538:
520:
513:
504:
484:
468:
455:
429:
409:
396:
384:
375:
338:
318:
298:
278:
255:
246:
233:
222:
209:
195:
193:
191:
189:
187:
179:
178:
146:
142:
120:
79:
62:
58:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
9929:
9919:
9918:
9913:
9908:
9903:
9898:
9893:
9888:
9883:
9878:
9876:GABA analogues
9873:
9856:
9855:
9853:
9852:
9845:
9839:
9834:
9827:
9820:
9816:
9813:
9812:
9809:
9808:
9806:
9805:
9799:
9797:
9795:Antivitamin B6
9788:
9784:
9783:
9780:
9779:
9777:
9776:
9767:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9721:
9716:
9711:
9703:
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9664:
9662:
9651:
9650:
9648:
9647:
9638:
9637:
9632:
9624:
9619:
9610:
9608:
9594:
9588:
9587:
9584:
9583:
9581:
9580:
9575:
9570:
9568:Nipecotic acid
9565:
9560:
9558:N-Butyric acid
9555:
9550:
9545:
9540:
9535:
9533:Bafilomycin A1
9530:
9521:
9519:
9508:
9507:
9505:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9489:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9469:
9467:Nipecotic acid
9464:
9459:
9454:
9449:
9444:
9439:
9434:
9429:
9424:
9419:
9414:
9405:
9403:
9389:
9383:
9382:
9360:
9359:
9352:
9345:
9337:
9328:
9327:
9325:
9324:
9317:
9311:
9306:
9299:
9295:
9292:
9291:
9288:
9287:
9285:
9284:
9275:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9254:
9249:
9244:
9239:
9234:
9229:
9224:
9219:
9214:
9205:
9204:
9199:
9194:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9174:
9169:
9164:
9155:
9154:
9149:
9144:
9139:
9134:
9132:Sodium oxybate
9129:
9124:
9119:
9114:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9027:1,4-Butanediol
9020:
9018:
9010:
9001:
8995:
8994:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8972:
8967:
8953:
8948:
8943:
8934:
8933:
8928:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8847:
8842:
8837:
8832:
8827:
8822:
8817:
8808:
8807:
8802:
8797:
8792:
8783:
8782:
8777:
8772:
8767:
8762:
8757:
8752:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8729:
8724:
8719:
8714:
8709:
8704:
8695:
8693:
8684:
8678:
8677:
8675:
8674:
8669:
8664:
8659:
8654:
8649:
8644:
8639:
8634:
8629:
8624:
8619:
8614:
8609:
8604:
8599:
8594:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8569:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8510:
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8470:
8465:
8460:
8455:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8430:
8420:
8415:
8401:
8391:
8386:
8381:
8376:
8371:
8366:
8361:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8341:
8336:
8331:
8326:
8321:
8316:
8311:
8306:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8271:cephalosporins
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8205:
8200:
8195:
8186:
8185:
8180:
8175:
8170:
8165:
8160:
8155:
8150:
8145:
8140:
8135:
8130:
8125:
8120:
8111:
8110:
8080:
8077:valerenic acid
8070:
8065:
8055:
8050:
8040:
8035:
8030:
8023:Quinazolinones
8020:
8010:
8005:
7995:
7990:
7980:
7975:
7970:
7932:
7927:
7922:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7879:
7869:
7864:
7859:
7845:
7842:mefenamic acid
7835:
7830:
7825:
7815:
7810:
7805:
7800:
7795:
7785:
7775:
7765:
7755:
7745:
7740:
7726:
7713:
7712:
7707:
7702:
7697:
7687:
7682:
7677:
7672:
7667:
7662:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7642:
7637:
7632:
7627:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7562:
7557:
7552:
7547:
7542:
7537:
7532:
7527:
7522:
7517:
7512:
7507:
7502:
7492:
7487:
7478:
7476:
7468:
7459:
7453:
7452:
7439:
7438:
7431:
7424:
7416:
7407:
7406:
7403:
7402:
7400:
7399:
7394:
7390:
7385:
7381:
7376:
7371:
7367:
7361:
7359:
7351:
7350:
7348:
7347:
7342:
7337:
7333:
7327:
7325:
7317:
7316:
7314:
7313:
7307:
7305:
7298:
7294:
7293:
7289:
7282:
7281:
7278:
7277:
7274:
7273:
7271:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7254:
7252:
7242:
7235:
7228:
7227:
7224:
7223:
7220:
7219:
7217:
7216:
7208:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7193:
7192:
7187:
7182:
7177:
7172:
7167:
7162:
7157:
7152:
7147:
7142:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7122:
7117:
7111:
7109:
7102:
7095:
7094:
7091:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7083:
7075:
7069:
7063:
7062:
7059:
7058:
7056:
7055:
7049:
7047:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7039:
7031:
7023:
7018:
7013:
7011:Phenethylamine
7008:
7003:
6995:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6971:
6969:
6965:
6964:
6962:
6961:
6956:
6951:
6946:
6941:
6936:
6930:
6928:
6921:
6915:
6914:
6911:
6910:
6908:
6907:
6902:
6896:
6894:
6888:
6887:
6885:
6884:
6879:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6854:
6849:
6843:
6841:
6840:Glycine system
6837:
6836:
6834:
6833:
6828:
6823:
6817:
6815:
6811:
6810:
6808:
6807:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6785:Kynurenic acid
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6746:
6744:
6737:
6728:
6721:
6720:
6713:
6712:
6705:
6698:
6690:
6681:
6680:
6677:
6672:
6667:
6662:
6657:
6652:
6647:
6642:
6637:
6625:
6624:
6621:
6620:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6605:
6602:
6601:
6599:
6598:
6593:
6587:
6585:
6573:
6569:
6568:
6566:
6565:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6552:
6550:
6549:
6543:
6541:
6537:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6521:Hydroxyproline
6518:
6512:
6507:
6502:
6496:
6490:
6484:
6478:
6472:
6465:
6463:
6455:
6454:
6452:
6451:
6445:
6443:
6433:
6432:
6430:
6429:
6427:Enduracididine
6424:
6417:
6415:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6401:
6396:
6390:
6388:
6379:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6365:
6360:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6339:
6337:
6330:
6329:
6327:
6326:
6320:
6313:
6311:
6305:
6304:
6302:
6301:
6296:
6291:
6285:
6283:
6277:
6276:
6274:
6273:
6271:Hydroxyproline
6267:
6265:
6258:
6257:
6250:
6249:
6242:
6235:
6227:
6221:
6220:
6215:
6210:
6205:
6200:
6169:(4): 217–227.
6154:
6109:
6108:External links
6106:
6103:
6102:
6045:
6010:
5965:
5912:
5855:
5848:
5822:
5779:
5752:(8): 1075–81.
5732:
5713:(3): 246–252.
5702:
5689:
5662:(11): 731–43.
5646:
5625:(2): S19–S26.
5612:
5601:
5595:978-3527306732
5594:
5566:
5515:
5456:
5407:
5358:
5356:
5355:
5341:
5320:
5316:
5279:
5233:
5224:
5161:
5146:
5120:
5080:
5077:
5076:
5055:
5014:
4977:
4940:
4903:
4866:
4829:
4786:
4733:
4688:
4658:
4651:
4644:
4618:
4569:
4546:
4511:
4504:
4484:
4463:(5): 317–322.
4443:
4402:
4351:
4302:
4283:(2): 511–607.
4264:
4229:
4194:
4159:
4110:
4075:(2): 489–493.
4059:
4032:(6): 284–290.
4013:
3998:
3972:
3945:(6): 562–573.
3939:Neuroscientist
3929:
3910:
3903:
3880:
3873:
3867:. Birkhäuser.
3855:
3828:
3779:
3772:
3754:
3733:10.1038/nm1604
3710:
3661:
3612:
3571:
3512:
3474:
3462:
3427:
3384:
3342:
3301:
3272:(11): 3760–5.
3252:
3190:
3144:
3135:
3074:
3025:
3006:(2): 1005–15.
2990:
2969:10.1038/nrn920
2963:(9): 728–739.
2943:
2914:(7): 2343–60.
2894:
2861:Neurosci. Lett
2851:
2802:
2753:
2704:
2655:
2628:(11): 780–90.
2612:
2597:
2567:
2560:
2534:
2527:
2507:
2472:
2443:(3): 195–200.
2420:
2385:(9): 523–539.
2369:
2318:
2263:
2201:
2194:
2174:
2120:
2101:(1): 103–108.
2080:
2074:978-1498754286
2073:
2048:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2026:
2025:Many more GABA
2017:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1992:neuropathology
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1937:
1934:
1907:
1906:
1888:GABA analogues
1885:
1855:
1837:
1836:
1835:
1824:
1801:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1782:
1701:
1699:
1692:
1656:
1643:
1642:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1610:
1609:
1592:
1586:
1585:
1527:
1521:
1520:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1453:
1450:
1393:GABA receptors
1384:
1381:
1357:2-oxoglutarate
1349:
1346:
1284:
1281:
1261:
1258:
1230:
1227:
1093:
1090:
1083:
1023:
1020:
995:
948:
947:
931:
927:
918:
905:
902:
900:
897:
871:nervous system
836:
833:
832:
827:
805:
804:
800:standard state
797:
794:
793:
790:
781:
779:
776:
775:
768:
767:
764:
761:
758:
757:
748:
747:
743:
742:
740:
739:
735:
732:
728:
724:
722:
718:
708:
707:
704:
695:
694:
691:
686:
683:
682:
679:
673:
672:
669:
663:
662:
659:
653:
652:
649:
645:
644:
638:
632:
631:
628:
619:
613:
608:
603:
600:
599:
595:
594:
592:
591:
588:
580:
579:
578:
575:
574:
572:
571:
567:
564:
563:
561:
557:
554:
553:
545:
544:
543:
540:
539:
537:
536:
523:
521:
509:
506:
505:
503:
502:
494:
492:
486:
485:
483:
482:
478:
476:
470:
469:
467:
466:
458:
456:
448:
445:
444:
437:
431:
430:
428:
427:
419:
417:
411:
410:
408:
407:
399:
397:
392:
389:
388:
385:
380:
377:
376:
374:
373:
369:
367:
359:
358:
348:
340:
339:
337:
336:
328:
326:
320:
319:
317:
316:
308:
306:
300:
299:
297:
296:
288:
286:
280:
279:
277:
276:
268:
266:
260:
259:
256:
251:
248:
247:
245:
244:
236:
234:
227:
224:
223:
221:
220:
212:
210:
205:
202:
201:
197:
196:
192:Piperidic acid
185:
181:
180:
176:
175:
169:
168:
56:
55:Pronunciation
52:
51:
47:
46:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
9928:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9907:
9904:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9894:
9892:
9889:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9868:
9866:
9851:
9850:
9846:
9844:
9843:
9835:
9833:
9832:
9828:
9826:
9825:
9821:
9818:
9817:
9814:
9804:
9801:
9800:
9798:
9796:
9792:
9789:
9785:
9775:
9774:3-Methyl-GABA
9772:
9769:
9768:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9754:Valproic acid
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
9742:
9740:
9737:
9735:
9732:
9729:
9725:
9722:
9720:
9717:
9715:
9712:
9710:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9666:
9665:
9663:
9658:
9652:
9646:
9645:3-Methyl-GABA
9643:
9640:
9639:
9636:
9635:Semicarbazide
9633:
9631:
9630:-Allylglycine
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9612:
9611:
9609:
9604:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9589:
9579:
9576:
9574:
9571:
9569:
9566:
9564:
9561:
9559:
9556:
9554:
9551:
9549:
9546:
9544:
9541:
9539:
9536:
9534:
9531:
9529:
9526:
9523:
9522:
9520:
9515:
9509:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9468:
9465:
9463:
9460:
9458:
9457:Ibotenic acid
9455:
9453:
9450:
9448:
9445:
9443:
9440:
9438:
9435:
9433:
9430:
9428:
9425:
9423:
9420:
9418:
9415:
9413:
9410:
9407:
9406:
9404:
9399:
9393:
9390:
9388:
9384:
9380:
9377:
9373:
9367:
9358:
9353:
9351:
9346:
9344:
9339:
9338:
9335:
9323:
9322:
9318:
9316:
9315:
9307:
9305:
9304:
9300:
9297:
9296:
9293:
9283:
9280:
9277:
9276:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9253:
9250:
9248:
9245:
9243:
9240:
9238:
9235:
9233:
9230:
9228:
9225:
9223:
9220:
9218:
9215:
9213:
9210:
9207:
9206:
9203:
9200:
9198:
9195:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9178:
9175:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9157:
9156:
9153:
9150:
9148:
9145:
9143:
9140:
9138:
9135:
9133:
9130:
9128:
9125:
9123:
9120:
9118:
9115:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9042:Aceburic acid
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9022:
9021:
9019:
9014:
9005:
9002:
9000:
8996:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8971:
8968:
8965:
8961:
8957:
8954:
8952:
8949:
8947:
8944:
8942:
8939:
8936:
8935:
8932:
8929:
8927:
8925:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8852:
8848:
8846:
8843:
8841:
8838:
8836:
8833:
8831:
8828:
8826:
8823:
8821:
8818:
8816:
8813:
8810:
8809:
8806:
8803:
8801:
8798:
8796:
8793:
8791:
8788:
8785:
8784:
8781:
8778:
8776:
8773:
8771:
8768:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8751:
8749:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8732:Ibotenic acid
8730:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8713:
8710:
8708:
8705:
8703:
8700:
8697:
8696:
8694:
8689:
8679:
8673:
8670:
8668:
8665:
8663:
8660:
8658:
8655:
8653:
8650:
8648:
8645:
8643:
8640:
8638:
8635:
8633:
8630:
8628:
8625:
8623:
8620:
8618:
8615:
8613:
8610:
8608:
8605:
8603:
8600:
8598:
8595:
8593:
8590:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8577:Propybicyphat
8575:
8573:
8570:
8567:
8563:
8559:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8539:Oenanthotoxin
8537:
8534:
8530:
8526:
8522:
8518:
8514:
8511:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8469:
8466:
8464:
8461:
8459:
8456:
8454:
8451:
8449:
8448:Iomazenil (I)
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8428:
8427:ciprofloxacin
8424:
8421:
8419:
8416:
8413:
8409:
8408:amentoflavone
8405:
8402:
8399:
8395:
8392:
8390:
8387:
8385:
8382:
8380:
8377:
8375:
8372:
8370:
8367:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8344:Cyclothiazide
8342:
8340:
8337:
8335:
8332:
8330:
8327:
8325:
8322:
8320:
8317:
8315:
8312:
8310:
8307:
8304:
8300:
8296:
8292:
8289:
8287:
8284:
8282:
8279:
8276:
8272:
8268:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8226:
8224:
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8204:
8201:
8199:
8196:
8194:
8191:
8188:
8187:
8184:
8181:
8179:
8176:
8174:
8171:
8169:
8166:
8164:
8161:
8159:
8156:
8154:
8151:
8149:
8146:
8144:
8141:
8139:
8136:
8134:
8133:Famiraprinium
8131:
8129:
8126:
8124:
8121:
8119:
8116:
8113:
8112:
8108:
8104:
8100:
8099:diethyl ether
8096:
8092:
8088:
8084:
8081:
8078:
8074:
8071:
8069:
8066:
8063:
8059:
8056:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8044:
8041:
8039:
8036:
8034:
8031:
8028:
8024:
8021:
8018:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8003:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7988:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7973:Norfluoxetine
7971:
7968:
7964:
7960:
7956:
7952:
7948:
7944:
7940:
7936:
7933:
7931:
7928:
7926:
7923:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7887:
7883:
7880:
7877:
7873:
7870:
7868:
7865:
7863:
7860:
7857:
7853:
7849:
7846:
7843:
7839:
7836:
7834:
7831:
7829:
7826:
7823:
7819:
7816:
7814:
7813:Clomethiazole
7811:
7809:
7808:Chlormezanone
7806:
7804:
7801:
7799:
7798:Carbamazepine
7796:
7793:
7789:
7786:
7783:
7779:
7776:
7773:
7769:
7766:
7763:
7762:phenobarbital
7759:
7756:
7753:
7749:
7746:
7744:
7741:
7738:
7734:
7730:
7727:
7725:
7722:
7720:
7715:
7714:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7698:
7695:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7665:Quisqualamine
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7600:Methylglyoxal
7598:
7595:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7550:Ibotenic acid
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7531:
7528:
7526:
7523:
7521:
7518:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7500:
7499:phenobarbital
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7480:
7479:
7477:
7472:
7463:
7460:
7458:
7454:
7450:
7447:
7437:
7432:
7430:
7425:
7423:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7398:
7391:
7389:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7362:
7360:
7356:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7334:
7332:
7329:
7328:
7326:
7322:
7312:
7311:Acetylcholine
7309:
7308:
7306:
7302:
7299:
7297:Miscellaneous
7295:
7290:
7287:
7283:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7255:
7253:
7250:
7246:
7243:
7239:
7236:
7233:
7229:
7214:
7210:
7209:
7206:
7203:
7201:
7200:Neurosteroids
7197:
7191:
7188:
7186:
7183:
7181:
7178:
7176:
7173:
7171:
7168:
7166:
7163:
7161:
7158:
7156:
7153:
7151:
7148:
7146:
7143:
7141:
7138:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7112:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7100:
7096:
7081:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7070:
7068:
7067:Neuropeptides
7064:
7054:
7051:
7050:
7048:
7044:
7038:
7036:
7032:
7030:
7028:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
7000:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6972:
6970:
6966:
6960:
6957:
6955:
6952:
6950:
6947:
6945:
6942:
6940:
6937:
6935:
6932:
6931:
6929:
6925:
6922:
6920:
6916:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6897:
6895:
6893:
6889:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6842:
6838:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6818:
6816:
6812:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6758:
6756:
6753:
6751:
6748:
6747:
6745:
6741:
6738:
6732:
6729:
6726:
6722:
6718:
6711:
6706:
6704:
6699:
6697:
6692:
6691:
6688:
6676:
6673:
6671:
6670:D-amino acids
6668:
6666:
6663:
6661:
6658:
6656:
6653:
6651:
6648:
6646:
6643:
6641:
6638:
6636:
6632:
6630:
6626:
6622:
6616:
6613:
6610:
6607:
6606:
6597:
6594:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6577:
6574:
6572:Intermediates
6570:
6564:
6561:
6560:
6558:
6554:
6548:
6545:
6544:
6542:
6538:
6528:
6525:
6522:
6519:
6516:
6513:
6511:
6508:
6506:
6503:
6500:
6497:
6494:
6491:
6488:
6487:Penicillamine
6485:
6483:(insectiside)
6482:
6479:
6476:
6473:
6470:
6467:
6466:
6464:
6460:
6450:
6447:
6446:
6444:
6442:
6438:
6428:
6425:
6422:
6419:
6418:
6416:
6414:
6410:
6400:
6397:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6389:
6387:
6386:Beta-peptides
6383:
6380:
6378:
6374:
6370:
6364:
6361:
6359:
6356:
6354:
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6341:
6340:
6338:
6336:
6331:
6324:
6321:
6318:
6315:
6314:
6312:
6310:
6306:
6300:
6297:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6287:
6286:
6284:
6282:
6278:
6272:
6269:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6259:
6255:
6248:
6243:
6241:
6236:
6234:
6229:
6228:
6225:
6219:
6216:
6214:
6211:
6209:
6206:
6204:
6201:
6198:
6194:
6190:
6185:
6180:
6176:
6172:
6168:
6164:
6160:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6142:
6137:
6133:
6129:
6125:
6121:
6117:
6112:
6111:
6098:
6094:
6089:
6084:
6080:
6076:
6072:
6068:
6064:
6060:
6056:
6049:
6041:
6037:
6033:
6029:
6025:
6021:
6014:
6006:
6002:
5997:
5992:
5989:(2): 318–30.
5988:
5984:
5980:
5978:
5969:
5961:
5957:
5953:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5935:
5931:
5927:
5923:
5916:
5908:
5904:
5899:
5894:
5890:
5886:
5882:
5878:
5874:
5870:
5866:
5859:
5851:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5833:
5826:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5802:
5798:
5794:
5790:
5783:
5775:
5771:
5767:
5763:
5759:
5755:
5751:
5747:
5746:Phytother Res
5743:
5736:
5728:
5724:
5720:
5716:
5712:
5708:
5700:
5693:
5685:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5665:
5661:
5657:
5650:
5642:
5638:
5633:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5616:
5605:
5597:
5591:
5587:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5570:
5562:
5558:
5554:
5550:
5546:
5542:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5519:
5511:
5507:
5502:
5497:
5492:
5487:
5483:
5479:
5476:(9): 4417–8.
5475:
5471:
5467:
5460:
5452:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5434:
5430:
5427:(2): 625–34.
5426:
5422:
5418:
5411:
5403:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5385:
5381:
5377:
5373:
5369:
5362:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5338:
5334:
5330:
5326:
5317:
5313:
5309:
5305:
5301:
5297:
5293:
5288:
5287:
5283:
5275:
5271:
5267:
5263:
5259:
5258:10.1038/38738
5255:
5251:
5247:
5243:
5239:
5228:
5220:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5201:
5196:
5192:
5188:
5184:
5180:
5176:
5174:
5165:
5157:
5153:
5149:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5131:
5124:
5110:on 2013-10-16
5106:
5102:
5098:
5091:
5084:
5073:
5069:
5065:
5061:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
5032:
5028:
5024:
5020:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5003:
4999:
4995:
4991:
4988:(5): 759–65.
4987:
4983:
4978:
4974:
4970:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4941:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4914:(2): 169–92.
4913:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4877:(3): 362–72.
4876:
4872:
4867:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4851:
4847:
4843:
4840:(7): 565–75.
4839:
4835:
4830:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4808:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4792:
4787:
4783:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4743:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4714:
4710:
4706:
4702:
4698:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4681:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4665:
4660:
4659:
4655:
4647:
4641:
4637:
4632:
4631:
4622:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4597:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4573:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4547:9780128104132
4543:
4539:
4535:
4531:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4518:
4516:
4507:
4501:
4497:
4496:
4488:
4480:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4462:
4458:
4454:
4447:
4439:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4422:(1): 151–60.
4421:
4417:
4413:
4406:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4362:
4355:
4347:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4330:
4325:
4322:(1): 104–10.
4321:
4317:
4313:
4306:
4298:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4271:
4269:
4260:
4256:
4252:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4233:
4225:
4221:
4217:
4213:
4210:(10): 491–3.
4209:
4205:
4198:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4163:
4155:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4137:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4124:Plant Physiol
4121:
4114:
4106:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4074:
4070:
4063:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4020:
4018:
4009:
4005:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3976:
3968:
3964:
3960:
3956:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3940:
3933:
3925:
3921:
3914:
3906:
3900:
3896:
3895:
3887:
3885:
3876:
3870:
3866:
3859:
3851:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3832:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3798:
3794:
3790:
3783:
3775:
3769:
3765:
3758:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3726:
3722:
3714:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3632:(6): 465–70.
3631:
3627:
3623:
3616:
3608:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3567:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3532:(8): e42959.
3531:
3527:
3523:
3516:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3469:
3467:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3437:Life Sciences
3431:
3423:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3400:(2): 363–72.
3399:
3395:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3354:
3346:
3338:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3197:
3195:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3158:
3154:
3150:
3139:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3085:
3078:
3070:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3040:
3039:Epilepsy Curr
3036:
3029:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3009:
3005:
3001:
2994:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2947:
2939:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2855:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2822:(4): 521–32.
2821:
2817:
2813:
2806:
2798:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2757:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2659:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2598:9780123668721
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2563:
2557:
2553:
2548:
2547:
2538:
2530:
2524:
2520:
2519:
2511:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2437:Neurosci Bull
2434:
2427:
2425:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2373:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2197:
2191:
2187:
2186:
2178:
2170:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:Front Psychol
2134:
2127:
2125:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2036:
2032:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1989:neuromuscular
1986:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1970:GABA receptor
1968:
1966:
1965:GABA analogue
1963:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1945:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1928:(GABAL) as a
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1845:
1841:
1838:
1833:
1829:
1826:Antagonists:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1797:
1783:
1779:
1768:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1737: –
1736:
1732:
1731:Find sources:
1726:
1722:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1702:This section
1700:
1691:
1690:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1672:dihydrokavain
1669:
1665:
1660:
1654:
1650:
1641:
1640:amentoflavone
1637:
1636:oenanthotoxin
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1369:succinic acid
1366:
1362:
1358:
1354:
1345:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1272:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1236:
1226:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1147:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1089:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1036:
1034:
1033:glutamatergic
1030:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1008:
1003:
999:
991:
989:
985:
981:
977:
973:
969:
965:
961:
952:
945:
941:
937:
934:
928:
925:
921:
915:
914:
913:
911:
910:GABA receptor
896:
894:
890:
885:
883:
879:
874:
872:
868:
864:
861:
857:
854:
850:
846:
842:
830:
823:
818:
801:
795:
791:
787:
778:
777:
773:
769:
765:
760:
759:
755:
754:
749:
744:
733:
726:
725:
723:
717:
713:
710:
709:
705:
703:
702:
697:
696:
693:130 g/100 ml
692:
689:
685:
684:
680:
678:
677:Boiling point
675:
674:
670:
668:
667:Melting point
665:
664:
660:
658:
655:
654:
650:
647:
646:
639:
637:
634:
633:
609:
606:
602:
601:
596:
587:
586:
583:
576:
562:
552:
551:
548:
541:
533:
529:
528:DTXSID6035106
525:
524:
522:
512:
508:
507:
500:
496:
495:
493:
491:
488:
487:
480:
479:
477:
475:
472:
471:
464:
460:
459:
457:
451:
447:
446:
442:
438:
436:
433:
432:
425:
421:
420:
418:
416:
413:
412:
405:
401:
400:
398:
395:
391:
390:
386:
383:
379:
378:
371:
370:
368:
366:
361:
360:
356:
352:
349:
347:
345:ECHA InfoCard
342:
341:
334:
330:
329:
327:
325:
322:
321:
314:
310:
309:
307:
305:
302:
301:
294:
290:
289:
287:
285:
282:
281:
274:
270:
269:
267:
265:
262:
261:
257:
254:
250:
249:
242:
238:
237:
235:
231:
226:
225:
218:
214:
213:
211:
208:
204:
203:
198:
182:
174:
170:
164:
138:
57:
54:
53:
48:
44:
39:
35:
30:
22:
9847:
9836:
9829:
9822:
9770:
9739:Valnoctamide
9709:-Cycloserine
9667:
9641:
9613:
9547:
9524:
9408:
9319:
9308:
9301:
9278:
9209:Antagonists:
9208:
9158:
9023:
8999:Metabotropic
8970:Pregnanolone
8964:picrotoxinin
8937:
8923:
8850:
8820:(S)-4-ACPBPA
8815:(S)-2-MeGABA
8812:Antagonists:
8811:
8786:
8775:Thiomuscimol
8747:
8698:
8562:picrotoxinin
8525:enzalutamide
8521:bicalutamide
8443:Golexanolone
8339:Cloflubicyne
8189:
8115:Antagonists:
8114:
8027:methaqualone
8002:glutethimide
7978:Petrichloral
7939:β-carbolines
7758:Barbiturates
7716:
7700:Thiomuscimol
7505:Beta-Alanine
7495:Barbiturates
7485:(+)-Catechin
7481:
7365:Acetaldehyde
7034:
7026:
6998:
6990:
6968:Trace amines
6627:
6580:Mitochondria
6515:Homocysteine
6495:(Alzheimers)
6477:(metabolism)
6196:
6166:
6162:
6123:
6119:
6065:(5): 408–9.
6062:
6058:
6048:
6026:(3): 110–5.
6023:
6019:
6013:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5968:
5925:
5921:
5915:
5872:
5868:
5858:
5831:
5825:
5795:(2): 124–8.
5792:
5788:
5782:
5749:
5745:
5741:
5735:
5710:
5706:
5698:
5692:
5659:
5655:
5649:
5622:
5618:
5604:
5575:
5569:
5528:
5524:
5518:
5473:
5469:
5459:
5424:
5420:
5410:
5378:(1): 190–7.
5375:
5371:
5361:
5324:
5295:
5291:
5282:
5241:
5237:
5227:
5182:
5178:
5172:
5164:
5129:
5123:
5112:. Retrieved
5105:the original
5100:
5096:
5083:
5063:
5026:
5022:
4985:
4981:
4951:(1): 35–43.
4948:
4944:
4911:
4907:
4874:
4870:
4837:
4833:
4798:
4794:
4745:
4741:
4696:
4692:
4670:(1): 20–34.
4667:
4663:
4654:
4629:
4621:
4586:
4582:
4572:
4529:
4498:. ABC-CLIO.
4494:
4487:
4460:
4456:
4446:
4419:
4415:
4405:
4368:
4364:
4354:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4280:
4277:Physiol. Rev
4276:
4242:
4238:
4232:
4207:
4203:
4197:
4172:
4168:
4162:
4127:
4123:
4113:
4072:
4069:Neuroscience
4068:
4062:
4029:
4025:
3981:
3975:
3942:
3938:
3932:
3923:
3919:
3913:
3893:
3864:
3858:
3841:
3837:
3831:
3796:
3792:
3782:
3763:
3757:
3727:(7): 862–7.
3724:
3720:
3713:
3678:
3675:eBioMedicine
3674:
3664:
3629:
3626:Autoimmunity
3625:
3615:
3588:
3584:
3574:
3529:
3525:
3515:
3482:
3478:
3440:
3436:
3430:
3397:
3394:J. Neurochem
3393:
3387:
3360:
3356:
3345:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3269:
3265:
3255:
3210:
3206:
3152:
3148:
3138:
3096:(2): e4371.
3093:
3087:
3077:
3045:(5): 137–9.
3042:
3038:
3028:
3003:
2999:
2993:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2911:
2907:
2897:
2864:
2860:
2854:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2770:
2766:
2756:
2721:
2717:
2707:
2672:
2668:
2658:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2580:
2570:
2546:Neuroscience
2545:
2537:
2521:. Springer.
2517:
2510:
2485:
2482:Physiol. Rev
2481:
2475:
2440:
2436:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2266:
2221:
2217:
2184:
2177:
2140:
2136:
2098:
2094:
2059:
2052:
2021:
1939:
1924:(ALDH) with
1908:
1881:
1844:deramciclane
1795:
1773:
1763:
1756:
1749:
1742:
1730:
1710:verification
1703:
1661:
1646:
1570:methaqualone
1530:Barbiturates
1479:
1455:
1439:
1428:
1413:
1396:
1386:
1383:Pharmacology
1351:
1339:
1324:
1294:
1283:Biosynthesis
1273:
1266:
1263:
1243:conformation
1232:
1212:
1201:
1193:inflammatory
1189:Immune cells
1187:
1183:
1148:
1141:
1115:
1067:
1052:
1037:
1025:
992:
974:, mediating
957:
938:, which are
907:
892:
886:
875:
848:
844:
840:
839:
771:
762:Main hazards
751:
715:
700:
474:RTECS number
200:Identifiers
184:Other names
9803:Ginkgotoxin
9771:Activators:
9668:Inhibitors:
9642:Activators:
9614:Inhibitors:
9573:Valinomycin
9525:Inhibitors:
9472:NNC 05-2090
9409:Inhibitors:
9387:Transporter
9282:Compound 14
9112:Lesogaberan
8951:Loreclezole
8888:Loreclezole
8825:(S)-4-ACPCA
8805:Lanthanides
8795:Alphaxolone
8737:Isoguvacine
8647:Terbequinil
8517:apalutamide
8508:Nicardipine
8468:Laudanosine
8275:carbapenems
8267:penicillins
8123:Coriamyrtin
8118:Bicuculline
8107:sevoflurane
8103:paraldehyde
8053:Stiripentol
7930:Niacinamide
7915:cholesterol
7897:Loreclezole
7792:meprobamate
7748:Avermectins
7615:Nefiracetam
7580:Kojic amine
7570:Isomuscimol
7565:Isoguvacine
7370:Ammonia (NH
7241:Nucleosides
7001:-Octopamine
6993:-Octopamine
6905:T-HCA (GHC)
6862:Hypotaurine
6814:GABA system
6765:Glutathione
6665:Imino acids
6629:Amino acids
6489:(chelation)
6289:Lanthionine
5943:2440/124330
4371:(8): 2742.
4175:(1): 7–17.
3920:Experientia
3844:: 125–140.
3681:: 283–294.
3485:(1): 21–8.
2908:J. Neurosci
2767:J. Neurosci
2718:J. Neurosci
1704:needs more
1676:methysticin
1595:bicuculline
1578:stiripentol
1546:niacinamide
1513:isoguvacine
1401:lamotrigine
1306:(GAD) with
1133:alpha cells
1120:-producing
912:are known:
889:carboxylate
786:median dose
772:Lethal dose
756:(OHS/OSH):
648:Appearance
598:Properties
351:100.000.235
273:CHEBI:16865
9865:Categories
9764:Vigabatrin
9759:Valpromide
9728:lemon balm
9714:Phenelzine
9696:Gabaculine
9578:Vigabatrin
9543:Evans blue
9487:SKF-89976A
9447:Gabaculine
9422:Arecaidine
9379:modulators
9372:metabolism
9137:SKF-97,541
9047:Arbaclofen
8956:Picrotoxin
8946:Bilobalide
8622:Suritozole
8612:Sarmazenil
8597:Ro 19-4603
8592:Ro 15-4513
8587:Radequinil
8554:Picrotoxin
8533:nilutamide
8503:Naltrexone
8438:Furosemide
8418:Flumazenil
8412:oroxylin A
8404:Flavonoids
8384:Etbicyphat
8314:Bilobalide
8281:Basmisanil
8168:Sinomenine
8163:Securinine
8158:Pitrazepin
8143:Hydrastine
8095:chloroform
8068:Topiramate
8008:Propanidid
7872:Imidazoles
7867:Flupirtine
7862:Fluoxetine
7856:hispidulin
7848:Flavonoids
7803:Chloralose
7788:Carbamates
7752:ivermectin
7690:Terpenoids
7635:PF-6372865
7490:Bamaluzole
7457:Ionotropic
7449:modulators
7358:Candidates
7232:Nucleobase
7021:Tryptamine
7016:Synephrine
6927:Monoamines
6892:GHB system
6725:Amino acid
6655:Glucogenic
6596:Citrulline
6523:(collagen)
6493:Norleucine
6413:Antibiotic
6353:thialysine
6348:Canavanine
6294:Norleucine
5869:Nat Commun
5699:Drosophila
5173:Drosophila
5114:2019-04-01
4130:(1): 1–5.
4026:Physiology
3585:J. Immunol
2554:, box 6D.
2273:Drosophila
2224:: e39383.
2044:References
1997:Spasticity
1920:(ALR) and
1896:gabapentin
1892:pregabalin
1878:lemon balm
1874:vigabatrin
1866:phenelzine
1862:gabaculine
1848:hyperforin
1807:Agonists:
1746:newspapers
1662:The plant
1659:receptor.
1632:furosemide
1607:flumazenil
1458:amino acid
1431:catabolism
1348:Metabolism
1327:putrescine
1320:excitatory
1312:vitamin B6
1277:picrotoxin
1235:zwitterion
1215:epithelium
1122:beta cells
1106:Wistar rat
1035:synapses.
1029:maturation
944:G proteins
853:inhibitory
636:Molar mass
589:NCCCC(=O)O
499:2ACZ6IPC6I
394:IUPHAR/BPS
304:ChemSpider
228:3D model (
207:CAS Number
9701:Isoniazid
9563:Nigericin
9528:β-Alanine
9502:Tiagabine
9492:SNAP-5114
9417:β-Alanine
9376:transport
9272:SKF-97541
9267:SCH-50911
9257:Phaclofen
9242:CGP-64213
9237:CGP-55845
9232:CGP-54626
9227:CGP-52432
9222:CGP-46381
9217:CGP-35348
9187:CGP-13501
9162:ADX-71441
9147:Tolgabide
9127:Progabide
9122:Picamilon
9107:Isovaline
9024:Agonists:
8926:-3-ACPBPA
8903:SKF-97541
8853:-3-ACPBPA
8780:Tolgabide
8760:Progabide
8755:Picamilon
8699:Agonists:
8607:RO4938581
8602:RO4882224
8529:flutamide
8463:L-655,708
8433:Flurothyl
8334:Cicutoxin
8319:Bupropion
8286:Bemegride
8263:β-Lactams
8253:Amiloride
8083:Volatiles
8017:etazolate
7993:Phenytoin
7951:zopiclone
7943:abecarnil
7902:Monastrol
7892:Lanthanum
7876:etomidate
7838:Fenamates
7833:Etifoxine
7828:Etazepine
7705:Tolgabide
7655:Progabide
7645:Picamilon
7630:Org 20599
7605:Monastrol
7585:L-838,417
7482:Agonists:
7249:Adenosine
7053:Histamine
7037:-Tyramine
7029:-Tyramine
6872:Sarcosine
6852:β-Alanine
6847:α-Alanine
6650:Ketogenic
6640:Essential
6591:Ornithine
6510:Norvaline
6505:Sarcosine
6399:β-Leucine
6394:β-Alanine
6263:cell wall
5656:CNS Drugs
5545:0515-2720
4589:: 12–25.
4583:Epilepsia
4365:Nutrients
4089:0306-4522
4046:1548-9213
2415:260201740
2399:1471-003X
2240:2050-084X
2065:CRC Press
1936:In plants
1904:progabide
1900:picamilon
1870:valproate
1852:tiagabine
1828:phaclofen
1776:June 2015
1620:cicutoxin
1558:etomidate
1517:progabide
1462:qualifier
1452:Chemistry
1446:melatonin
1435:serotonin
1397:GABAergic
1297:glutamate
1253:solvation
1208:cytokines
1163:testicles
1070:embryonic
1044:paracrine
1040:autocrine
998:receptors
960:GABAergic
860:mammalian
481:ES6300000
372:200-258-6
364:EC Number
9819:See also
9482:Riluzole
9462:Muscimol
9452:Guvacine
9298:See also
9262:Saclofen
9197:rac-BHFF
9192:GS-39783
9182:CGP-7930
9142:SL 75102
9117:Phenibut
9072:Gabamide
9057:Baclofen
8960:picrotin
8913:SR-95813
8908:SR-95318
8830:2-MeTACA
8742:Muscimol
8672:ZK-93426
8642:TCS-1105
8627:TB-21007
8558:picrotin
8498:Naloxone
8483:Morphine
8478:MaxiPost
8398:fipronil
8394:Fiproles
8364:(+)-DMBB
8359:Dieldrin
8258:Anisatin
8173:SR-42641
8073:Valerian
8047:baicalin
8043:Skullcap
7987:propofol
7967:zaleplon
7959:zolpidem
7852:apigenin
7772:diazepam
7729:Alcohols
7670:SL-75102
7660:Propofol
7640:Phenibut
7610:Muscimol
7594:honokiol
7560:iso-THIP
7555:iso-THAZ
7530:Gabamide
7446:receptor
7288:-derived
7234:-derived
7215:instead.
7170:Oleamide
7101:-derived
7082:instead.
6939:Dopamine
6750:Agmatine
6727:-derived
6527:Hypusine
6481:Canaline
6193:25485164
6150:32166183
6097:19704616
6040:15003233
6005:21070411
5960:19475505
5952:27838745
5907:26219411
5875:: 7879.
5809:21296127
5774:23127112
5766:19165747
5727:16129424
5684:34322458
5676:12383029
5641:17557503
5561:24494744
5531:: 3–14.
5510:10781032
5402:18585399
5351:17175815
5312:17175815
5219:12692303
5156:18175096
5072:22787590
5010:12626366
4973:11605131
4965:11750861
4936:36197603
4928:15694225
4891:16432684
4862:12596378
4854:15959466
4825:16354918
4782:16984997
4721:17108970
4684:17531325
4605:23205959
4564:41704867
4556:28528665
4479:18834560
4397:34444905
4346:24907247
4338:18091016
4297:10221989
4259:12761368
4224:11583788
4189:16377242
4154:12223787
4105:43003476
4097:17395389
4054:11390928
4008:17499106
3967:84891972
3959:12467378
3823:24188696
3815:17969168
3793:Dev. Dyn
3741:17589520
3721:Nat. Med
3705:29627388
3656:21604972
3607:15470076
3566:22927941
3526:PLOS ONE
3499:10227421
3457:26724496
3422:86144218
3379:27916274
3337:25008178
3315:Diabetes
3296:23995958
3266:Diabetes
3247:21709230
3130:19190758
3089:PLoS ONE
3069:18852839
3020:12163549
2977:12209121
2938:11264309
2889:30672030
2838:11371348
2748:10908617
2642:11715055
2607:16512345
2502:17928584
2467:18500393
2407:37495761
2364:40744562
2356:16410524
2258:30044221
2169:26500584
2143:: 1520.
1975:GABA tea
1948:See also
1942:apoplast
1832:saclofen
1821:phenibut
1813:propofol
1809:baclofen
1684:yangonin
1599:gabazine
1574:propofol
1554:zolpidem
1505:Muscimol
1470:proteins
1365:oxidized
1316:cofactor
1299:via the
1239:carboxyl
1144:diabetes
1137:glucagon
1126:pancreas
1086:receptor
1063:neurites
1016:neonatal
1002:chloride
899:Function
867:neuronal
746:Hazards
324:DrugBank
293:ChEMBL96
9553:Glycine
9442:EF-1502
9167:BHF-177
9152:Tolibut
9062:BL-1020
8975:ROD-188
8840:4-ACPAM
8835:3-APMPA
8702:BL-1020
8662:U-93631
8657:Thujone
8582:PWZ-029
8556:(i.e.,
8515:(e.g.,
8493:MRK-016
8473:Lindane
8425:(e.g.,
8406:(e.g.,
8396:(e.g.,
8265:(e.g.,
8243:β-EMGBL
8153:PHP-501
8089:(e.g.,
8060:(e.g.,
8038:ROD-188
8025:(e.g.,
8015:(e.g.,
8000:(e.g.,
7985:(e.g.,
7983:Phenols
7965:(e.g.,
7957:(e.g.,
7949:(e.g.,
7941:(e.g.,
7937:(e.g.,
7909:(e.g.,
7874:(e.g.,
7850:(e.g.,
7840:(e.g.,
7820:(e.g.,
7790:(e.g.,
7778:Bromide
7770:(e.g.,
7760:(e.g.,
7750:(e.g.,
7731:(e.g.,
7724:α-EMTBL
7694:borneol
7692:(e.g.,
7675:Taurine
7622:(e.g.,
7592:(e.g.,
7590:Lignans
7510:BL-1020
7497:(e.g.,
7286:Vitamin
7180:RVD-Hpα
7135:AA-5-HT
6882:Taurine
6867:Proline
6857:Glycine
6800:Proline
6770:Glycine
6615:Cystine
6611:(5-ALA)
6517:(heart)
6373:Medical
6325:(toxic)
6184:4256671
6141:7058221
6088:2634229
6067:Bibcode
5983:Plant J
5898:4532832
5877:Bibcode
5817:8303292
5553:8693922
5478:Bibcode
5451:8987785
5442:6573228
5393:2665930
5274:4393717
5266:9311780
5246:Bibcode
5187:Bibcode
5051:2422758
5031:Bibcode
5023:Science
5002:2160838
4899:7799814
4816:6726021
4773:1600006
4750:Bibcode
4729:4382394
4701:Bibcode
4613:4675696
4438:6844712
4388:8399837
3749:2461757
3696:5952354
3647:5787624
3557:3424250
3534:Bibcode
3507:3006821
3443:: 1–7.
3414:2405103
3287:3806626
3238:3136292
3215:Bibcode
3177:2550826
3157:Bibcode
3121:2629816
3098:Bibcode
3060:2566617
2985:8116740
2929:6762405
2881:8390627
2846:8615968
2797:9698329
2788:6793175
2739:3823557
2699:1366263
2691:8845153
2650:5604192
2458:5552538
2336:Bibcode
2328:Science
2313:4334499
2305:8389005
2285:Bibcode
2249:6086659
2160:4594160
2115:5569303
2033:and at
2007:Taurine
1760:scholar
1725:removed
1603:thujone
1566:ethanol
1562:alcohol
1496:Ligand
1314:) as a
1260:History
1167:kidneys
1159:ovaries
1118:insulin
972:insects
926:complex
822:what is
820: (
712:Acidity
657:Density
641:103.121
450:PubChem
333:DB02530
258:906818
217:56-12-2
167:(GABA)
9656:GABA-T
9592:Enzyme
9477:NO-711
9427:CI-966
9202:KK-92A
9032:3-APPA
8800:ATHDOC
8354:DHEA-S
8193:1,3M1B
7925:Niacin
7886:kavain
7251:system
7125:2-ALPI
7046:Others
6877:Serine
6805:Serine
6501:(DHPG)
6471:(PABA)
6377:Health
6335:toxins
6333:human
6319:(GABA)
6261:Plant
6191:
6181:
6148:
6138:
6095:
6085:
6038:
6003:
5958:
5950:
5905:
5895:
5846:
5815:
5807:
5772:
5764:
5725:
5682:
5674:
5639:
5615:drugs"
5592:
5559:
5551:
5543:
5508:
5498:
5449:
5439:
5400:
5390:
5349:
5339:
5310:
5272:
5264:
5238:Nature
5217:
5210:154371
5207:
5154:
5144:
5070:
5049:
5008:
5000:
4982:Neuron
4971:
4963:
4934:
4926:
4897:
4889:
4860:
4852:
4823:
4813:
4780:
4770:
4727:
4719:
4693:Nature
4682:
4642:
4638:–302.
4611:
4603:
4562:
4554:
4544:
4502:
4477:
4436:
4395:
4385:
4344:
4336:
4295:
4257:
4222:
4187:
4152:
4145:158453
4142:
4103:
4095:
4087:
4052:
4044:
4006:
3996:
3965:
3957:
3901:
3871:
3821:
3813:
3770:
3747:
3739:
3703:
3693:
3654:
3644:
3605:
3564:
3554:
3505:
3497:
3455:
3420:
3412:
3377:
3335:
3294:
3284:
3245:
3235:
3185:699135
3183:
3175:
3149:Nature
3128:
3118:
3067:
3057:
3018:
2983:
2975:
2936:
2926:
2887:
2879:
2844:
2836:
2795:
2785:
2746:
2736:
2697:
2689:
2669:Neuron
2648:
2640:
2605:
2595:
2558:
2525:
2500:
2465:
2455:
2413:
2405:
2397:
2362:
2354:
2311:
2303:
2277:Nature
2256:
2246:
2238:
2192:
2167:
2157:
2113:
2071:
1762:
1755:
1748:
1741:
1735:"GABA"
1733:
1668:kavain
1542:niacin
1301:enzyme
1223:testis
1219:asthma
1173:, the
1155:uterus
984:glands
980:nerves
976:muscle
817:verify
814:
706:−3.17
582:SMILES
424:D00058
387:49775
284:ChEMBL
50:Names
9787:Other
9513:VIAAT
9092:GHBAL
9077:GABOB
8980:THDOC
8924:trans
8918:TPMPA
8893:P4MPA
8845:4-GBA
8727:GABOB
8453:IPTBO
8303:IPTBO
8238:β-CCP
8233:β-CCM
8228:β-CCE
8223:β-CCB
8183:Tutin
8087:gases
7919:THDOC
7535:GABOB
7160:NAGly
7099:Lipid
6934:6-OHM
6826:GABOB
6631:types
6462:Other
6423:(AIB)
5956:S2CID
5813:S2CID
5770:S2CID
5680:S2CID
5557:S2CID
5501:34311
5270:S2CID
5108:(PDF)
5093:(PDF)
5006:S2CID
4969:S2CID
4932:S2CID
4895:S2CID
4858:S2CID
4725:S2CID
4609:S2CID
4560:S2CID
4342:S2CID
4101:S2CID
3963:S2CID
3926:: 36.
3819:S2CID
3745:S2CID
3503:S2CID
3418:S2CID
3181:S2CID
2981:S2CID
2885:S2CID
2842:S2CID
2695:S2CID
2646:S2CID
2411:S2CID
2360:S2CID
2309:S2CID
2218:eLife
2013:Notes
1912:is a
1767:JSTOR
1753:books
1437:into
1367:into
1179:liver
1175:lungs
1130:islet
1112:(svz)
1102:GAD67
547:InChI
264:ChEBI
230:JSmol
9911:GABA
9838:GABA
9686:AOAA
9676:DABA
9622:AAOA
9548:GABA
9497:TACA
9432:DABA
9374:and
9365:GABA
9310:GABA
9247:DAVA
9177:BSPP
9172:BHFF
9067:GABA
9009:GABA
8985:Zinc
8931:ZAPA
8878:I4AA
8863:DAVA
8770:TAMP
8765:TACA
8722:GABA
8712:CAMP
8707:CACA
8683:GABA
8667:Zinc
8652:TETS
8637:TBPS
8632:TBOB
8564:and
8379:EBOB
8374:DMPC
8369:DMCM
8349:DHEA
8324:CHEB
8309:BIDN
8299:TBPO
8295:TBPS
8213:α3IA
8198:3M2B
7882:Kava
7737:2M2B
7719:here
7710:ZAPA
7685:TAMP
7680:TACA
7525:GABA
7515:DAVA
7467:GABA
7444:GABA
7213:here
7211:See
7155:NADA
7130:2-OG
7115:2-AG
7080:here
7078:See
6821:GABA
6795:NAAG
6780:GSSG
6775:GSNO
6189:PMID
6146:PMID
6093:PMID
6036:PMID
6001:PMID
5948:PMID
5903:PMID
5844:ISBN
5805:PMID
5762:PMID
5723:PMID
5701:GABA
5672:PMID
5637:PMID
5590:ISBN
5549:PMID
5541:ISSN
5506:PMID
5447:PMID
5398:PMID
5347:PMID
5337:ISBN
5325:GABA
5308:PMID
5262:PMID
5215:PMID
5152:PMID
5142:ISBN
5068:PMID
5047:PMID
4998:PMID
4961:PMID
4924:PMID
4887:PMID
4850:PMID
4821:PMID
4778:PMID
4717:PMID
4680:PMID
4640:ISBN
4601:PMID
4552:PMID
4542:ISBN
4500:ISBN
4475:PMID
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