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332:. From 1922, Sydney company Smith & Waddington built vehicle bodies for Dalgety and other companies. Smith & Waddington built the majority of the early Terraplane bodies with some also built by Sydney coach builder G.H Olding & Sons. In February 1934 Ruskins Body Works of West Melbourne secured the contract to build Hudson and Terraplane bodies for the whole of Australia. In June 1937 Neal's Motors celebrated assembling its 30,000th automobile: a 1937 Hudson Terraplane.
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The 1934 Light Sports Tourer used a lightweight open four-seater body and mildly modified engine. It achieved 0-60 mph in 8.8 seconds, a sensational time pre-war, and a top speed of 107 mph on the 3.3:1 rear axle. The engine was so flexible that it could be driven in circles on full lock in
170:
forced Hudson to replace the Essex with a re-designed automobile with a lower manufacturing cost and selling price. Roy D. Chapin decided to repeat the successful strategy in 1932 by producing "a very light car in the bottom price class, a vehicle which would combine style, comfort, and reliability".
174:
The
Terraplane contributed greatly to Hudson Motor's sales during the Depression in the 1930s. Sales of the Terraplane outpaced Hudson vehicles in the late mid-1930s and it is said that Hudson management was not fond of that fact and that was partly why they chose to eliminate the car as a make. One
162:
Hudson had manufactured the inexpensive Essex from 1919 as a lower-priced vehicle line; the company merged Essex into itself in 1922. The Essex is generally credited with helping to make the fully enclosed automobile an affordable model for inexpensive automobiles. The low-priced closed model Essex
248:
that remained unbroken for over twenty years. Essex-Terraplanes participated in innumerable record events around the United States, and some others around the world setting dozens of records at many venues. Their particular strength was in hillclimbs. Period road tests showed 0-60 mph in 14.4
212:
The Essex-Terraplanes were available in all the common U.S. automobile body styles. For 1933 offerings were expanded. The Model K was retained. A Model KU 6-cylinder on 113 in (2,870 mm) wheelbase was added. Also a Model KT with a244 cu in (4.0 L) straight-8-cylinder was
368:, Hudson and Essex vehicles were imported by W.G. Vining Limited of Nelson, beginning in 1912. Other U.S. and European brands were added and after the business was sold on 30 September 1927 Vining's son formed a new business, P. Vining & Scott, and continued the Hudson and Essex franchise.
257:
For 1934 the word "Essex" was dropped and the car became the
Terraplane. The cars were slightly heavier and rarely joined competitive events, particularly as they now lacked the eight-cylinder powerplant. The name Terraplane remained constant through the 1937 model year. By 1936, Terraplane
266:
In 1938, knowing they were going to drop the
Terraplane, Hudson management chose to phase out the Terraplane name similarly to how it had been introduced, and the 1938 cars were named Hudson-Terraplanes. Concurrently for the 1938 model year, Hudson offered a Model 112 which was virtually
395:
Following the First World War, Hudsons and Essex vehicles were sold through ten concessionaires. In 1922 Hudson-Essex Motors of Great
Britain Limited was formed, with new premises on Dordrecht Road, in Acton Vale. In 1926 a factory was built on 4½ acres of ground on the recently opened
360:
of
Wellington which began operations in 1912. After Dominion Motors amalgamated with Universal Motor Company of Christchurch in 1919 the company added other marques from the United States and Britain. Vehicles, including Terraplanes, were assembled in-house from knock-down kits.
98:, between 1932 and 1938. In its maiden year, the car was branded as the Essex-Terraplane; in 1934 the car became simply the Terraplane. They were inexpensive, yet powerful vehicles that were used in both town and country. The Terraplane name was used for both cars and trucks.
200:
purchased one of the first Essex-Terraplanes for himself. The 1932 model bore a slight resemblance to its Essex predecessors. The 1932 model had just the name "Essex" on the radiator ornament, but the 1933 models had the name "Essex-Terraplane" on the radiator ornament.
308:
Australian law in the early 20th
Century made it impractical to import a fully assembled car and thus main bodies were built by local vehicle body builders over an imported chassis. In a few cases these bodies included styles not available in the U.S. market such as
220:
carried over, and a displacement of 254 cu in (4.2 L) due to a larger cylinder bore than the Essex-Terraplane Eight. The
Terraplane Eight engines featured more efficient downdraft carburetion. Both engines had the same crankshaft and stroke.
400:
in
Brentford. The plant opened in 1927 and a year later a three-story building was built as a service department for Hudson and Essex vehicles. The factory assembled the vehicle chassis locally but the bodies were imported as complete units from Detroit.
444:
Numerous coach builders constructed
Railton bodies for the Terraplane and later Hudson chassis. Railton cars continued to be built on 1934 Hudson 8, and later Hudson 6- and 8-cylinder chassis through 1939. The company was bought by Hudson in 1939.
279:
Hudson vehicles were assembled in other countries under license. The
British sounding names of "Hudson" and "Essex" had made them popular in countries of the Commonwealth, and thus Terraplanes also were built outside the U.S. in Canada, England,
187:
The new Essex-Terraplane was launched on July 21, 1932, "with sensational vigor" that "accounts of the affair appeared in newspapers throughout the United States." The special event included over 2,000 dealers who came from 40 states to
171:
Although it was daring to launch a car during the Great Depression, Chapin was convinced that the Terraplane name would have "great public appeal" as it also linked with the public interest in aviation that was so prevalent at that time.
408:
Hudson's new Terraplane model was equally as popular in the U.K as it was in the United States. English-designed and built bodies were built on the Terraplane frames and the cars were even entered in a number of races including the
243:
The Essex-Terraplane Eight was distinguished by having vent doors on the hood as opposed to all six-cylinder versions that had stamped hood louvers. A 1933 Terraplane 8 convertible coupe set a record for the race to the summit of
175:
unique feature was "Duo-Automatic" brakes. Terraplanes had two brake systems—hydraulic and mechanical. Should the hydraulic brakes fail (i.e. the brake line had a leak in it), the mechanical brakes would be used to stop the car.
178:
The most memorable sales slogan of the Terraplane years came from 1933: "On the sea that's aquaplaning, in the air that's aeroplaning, but on the land, in the traffic, on the hills, hot diggity dog, THAT'S TERRAPLANING".
404:
From 1932, the bodies came over from the United States in sections to be assembled at the Great West Road factory. After the Essex marque was retired in 1932 the British company was renamed Hudson Motors Ltd.
871:
413:. Some of the cars entered were driven by personnel from the Great West Road factory. The Team Award was won by two Terraplane tourers and a Terraplane saloon in the 1933 Scottish Rally.
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offered on the 113-inch wheelbase. There were "Standard" and "Deluxe" trim levels for the KU and KT. A limited selection of light commercial vehicles were offered starting in 1933.
224:
The 1933 Essex-Terraplane 8-cylinder cars were believed to have the highest horsepower-to-weight ratio of any production automobiles in the world, and were favored by several
652:
267:
indistinguishable in equipment from the Hudson Terraplane, but on a shorter 112 in (2,845 mm) wheelbase and with a smaller engine. The Terraplane did not have an
688:
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helping to introduce the first Essex-Terraplane. It was a small, but very powerful, car with a steel frame, built to exacting standards, which is probably why
2745:
1148:
548:
717:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
526:
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1080:
216:
Only the 1933 Essex-Terraplanes were made with an optional eight-cylinder engine. The Hudson had the identical basic engine, but with earlier style
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In 1932, only the Model K on the 106-inch (2,692 mm) wheelbase with a 193 cu in (3.2 L) 6-cylinder engine was available.
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737:
How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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101:
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837:"RUSKIN'S BIG CONTRACTS – Terraplane And Hudson Bodies – The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 – 1954) – 5 Feb 1934"
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379:. Production of all other marques ended when the company was acquired by Standard-Triumph International in 1954.
819:"HUDSON-TERRAPLANES – Local Bodies in Fortnight – The Herald (Melbourne, Vic. : 1861 – 1954) – 11 Jun 1934"
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Declining sales of the Essex, combined with the growing economic pressure and suffering from the effects of the
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or an oil pressure gauge. Price for a Terraplane in 1938 was about US$ 900 ($ 19,481 in 2023 dollars ).
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855:"MELBOURNE PLANT'S 30,000TH CAR. – The Horsham Times (Vic. : 1882 – 1954) – 25 Jun 1937"
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948:"The Great West Road Then & Now | Brentford & Chiswick Local History Society"
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became the distributor of Hudson and Essex vehicles as well as other marques for
237:
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coach "had promoted the sensational recovery of Hudson" as an automaker in 1922.
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Company still exists but is no longer in the automotive manufacturing business
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From 1935, Hudson and Terraplane vehicles (along with Nash, Studebaker, and
2915:
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1809:
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318:
2778:
Non-U.S. based parent company that owns subsidiaries headquartered in U.S.
645:"California police recover stolen Terraplane once owned by Amelia Earhart"
433:
The Terraplane 8-cylinder chassis and engine was also used in the British
2992:
2946:
2930:
2802:
2688:
2354:
1904:
1869:
1772:
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240:, for their lightness, acceleration, handling, and discreet appearance.
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304:
Australian 1937 Hudson Terraplane with body built by Ruskin Motor Works
149:
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1999:
1921:
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1451:
1313:
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281:
117:
1946:
1804:
1670:
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1303:
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Development options in the New Zealand motor car assembly industry
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95:
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669:. The Library of Congress, The Wilbur and Orville Wright Papers
310:
2531:
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2198:
1979:
1680:
1617:
1458:
1298:
973:"Fragments on forgotten makes | Motor Sport Magazine Archive"
1102:
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Hudson and Essex vehicles were imported into New Zealand by
1685:
1157:
999:"60 years of the Terraplane | Motor Sport Magazine Archive"
1052:
667:"Letter, Amelia Earhart to Orville Wright, August 6, 1932"
495:
Roy D. Chapin: the man behind the Hudson Motor Car Company
296:
1934 Terraplane (Queensland Ambulance Transport Brigade)
1062:
Essex Terraplane Six 1933 Owner's Manual of Information
874:’’Press’’, Volume LV, Issue 16515, 10 June 1919, Page 7
249:
seconds, and 10-60 mph in top gear in 18 seconds.
2746:
List of automobiles manufactured in the United States
774:"Catalogue – Dalgety & Co. Ltd, Motor Cars, 1912"
437:
automobiles for their initial production year 1933.
903:"Early Nelson Motoring: The Vining Family | NZETC"
258:commercial cars were produced in larger numbers.
3113:Motor vehicles manufactured in the United States
3054:
352:1938 Hudson Terraplane convertible (New Zealand)
145:New 1938 Terraplane with Mullins Red Cap Trailer
284:, New Zealand, and South Africa in low volume.
2751:National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
689:"Hudson 1935 Terraplane Special Owners Manual"
492:Long, John Cuthbert; Hyde, Charles K. (2004).
3108:Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Michigan
2829:
1088:
498:. Wayne State University Press. p. 225.
2843:
1708:Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing
1048:Terraplane history at secondchancegarage.com
703:
487:
485:
483:
481:
2836:
2822:
1095:
1081:
344:1937 Hudson Terraplane coupe (New Zealand)
153:Original sales receipt for 1938 Terraplane
36:
375:) were assembled by Christchurch company
1104:Automotive industry in the United States
730:
710:
491:
478:
420:
386:
347:
339:
299:
291:
274:
148:
140:
132:
124:
116:
108:
100:
753:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
592:
416:
157:
90:was a car brand and model built by the
3055:
2761:North American International Auto Show
655:from the original on 20 February 2021.
2817:
1336:Growler Manufacturing and Engineering
1076:
751:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
930:"Hudson Essex Motors – Graces Guide"
909:
790:
618:
569:
1125:Transportation in the United States
572:"Auto-Biography: Hudson Terraplane"
13:
1230:Environmental Performance Vehicles
14:
3129:
1041:
593:Piersol, Richard (14 June 2012).
382:
192:. Hudson also had famous aviator
2797:
2788:
2787:
2756:New York International Auto Show
2594:Cooper Tire & Rubber Company
2438:Kia Motors Manufacturing Georgia
919:, Research paper 16, NZIER, 1971
623:. Wayne State University Press.
464:, a 1936 blues song recorded by
991:
965:
940:
922:
895:
885:"Vinings in the Motor industry"
877:
865:
847:
829:
811:
784:
766:
595:"Fun cars on a roll in Lincoln"
1840:Clydesdale Motor Truck Company
1028:"Terraplane: Flying by Land".
952:brentfordandchiswicklhs.org.uk
681:
659:
637:
621:Storied Independent Automakers
612:
586:
563:
541:
519:
335:
313:(U.S. equivalent phaeton) and
1:
2204:North American Bus Industries
1289:General Dynamics Land Systems
1021:
324:In 1915 the Sydney branch of
2527:American Expedition Vehicles
1523:Scuderia Cameron Glickenhaus
1120:Economy of the United States
1053:Hudson-Essex-Terraplane Club
778:Museums Victoria Collections
745:American Antiquarian Society
725:American Antiquarian Society
549:"Hudson 1936 – How What Why"
527:"Hudson 1936 – How What Why"
441:top gear without snatching.
287:
129:1938 Terraplane 4-Door Sedan
7:
2631:Proterra (bus manufacturer)
448:
425:1934 Railton Terraplane at
18:Terraplane (disambiguation)
10:
3134:
2694:Rezvani Automotive Designs
1835:Checker Motors Corporation
317:(the Australian car-based
15:
3068:Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
3041:
2980:
2939:
2858:
2851:
2774:
2741:Interstate Highway System
2723:
2707:
2676:
2506:
2494:Volkswagen (Westmoreland)
2466:
2400:
2393:
2320:
1830:Carbon Motors Corporation
1721:
1593:
1469:Global Electric Motorcars
1403:Millennium Luxury Coaches
1144:
1133:
1110:
619:Hyde, Charles K. (2009).
228:of the day, particularly
72:
67:
59:
49:
44:
35:
30:
3063:Hudson Motor Car Company
2845:Hudson Motor Car Company
2458:Volkswagen (Chattanooga)
1825:Boulder Electric Vehicle
1225:Chenowth Racing Products
574:. secondchancegarage.com
471:
377:Motor Assemblies Limited
92:Hudson Motor Car Company
54:Hudson Motor Car Company
3098:Cars introduced in 1932
2443:Mercedes-Benz (Alabama)
2330:Alpha Motor Corporation
2102:International Harvester
261:
252:
207:
182:
3018:Fabulous Hudson Hornet
2998:American Motors merger
1413:Motor Coach Industries
794:Comeng 1: 1921 to 1955
791:Dunn, John C. (2006).
430:
392:
353:
345:
305:
297:
154:
146:
138:
137:Terraplane Convertible
130:
122:
114:
113:1934 Terraplane Tourer
106:
2684:Calty Design Research
2484:General Motors (list)
2423:General Motors (list)
2209:Oliver Farm Equipment
1319:Chevrolet Performance
1180:Amp Electric Vehicles
1036:(1): 64–79. May 1999.
934:www.gracesguide.co.uk
691:. Oldcarbrochures.com
570:Hedgbeth, Llewellyn.
551:. Oldcarbrochures.com
529:. Oldcarbrochures.com
424:
391:1937 Terraplane sedan
390:
351:
343:
326:Dalgety & Co. Ltd
303:
295:
275:International markets
152:
144:
136:
128:
121:1935 Terraplane Coupe
120:
112:
104:
2699:Wheego Electric Cars
1030:Automobile Quarterly
1003:Motor Sport Magazine
977:Motor Sport Magazine
599:Lincoln Journal Star
455:Hudson Utility Coupe
417:British Railton cars
158:Changing marketplace
16:For other uses, see
3033:Terraplane (marque)
2972:Betty Thatcher Oros
2853:1909-1957, Historic
1115:Automotive industry
3093:Full-size vehicles
2638:Remy International
1464:Polaris Industries
1163:Challenger Tractor
889:www.theprow.org.nz
872:A Powerful Company
431:
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346:
306:
298:
218:updraft carburetor
155:
147:
139:
131:
123:
115:
107:
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2811:
2810:
2766:SAE International
2736:Chicago Auto Show
2626:Phoenix Motorcars
2502:
2501:
2433:Hyundai (Alabama)
2316:
2315:
2268:Twentieth Century
1962:Fisker Coachbuild
1957:Fisker Automotive
1746:American LaFrance
1741:American Electric
1528:SSC North America
1309:Cadillac V series
1255:ElDorado National
1067:Project Gutenberg
630:978-0-8143-3446-1
505:978-0-8143-3184-2
427:Brooklands Museum
411:Monte Carlo Rally
105:1933 Terraplane K
96:Detroit, Michigan
84:
83:
3125:
3028:Railton (marque)
2838:
2831:
2824:
2815:
2814:
2801:
2791:
2790:
2448:Subaru (Indiana)
2398:
2397:
2370:Lordstown Motors
2340:Bollinger Motors
2229:Sebring Vanguard
1967:Force Protection
1952:Fitch Four Drive
1585:Zero Motorcycles
1383:Lenco Industries
1373:Karma Automotive
1235:Equus Automotive
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651:. 1 March 2018.
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461:Terraplane Blues
246:Mount Washington
234:Baby Face Nelson
168:Great Depression
68:Body and chassis
40:
28:
27:
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2993:Aircraft engine
2976:
2967:Marshall Teague
2962:George W. Mason
2935:
2871:Custom Brougham
2854:
2847:
2842:
2812:
2807:
2784:
2770:
2719:
2703:
2672:
2648:Shelby American
2514:
2512:performance car
2510:
2508:
2507:Auto component
2498:
2474:Chrysler (list)
2462:
2413:Chrysler (list)
2408:BMW Spartanburg
2389:
2385:Trion Supercars
2322:
2312:
1996:General Motors
1751:American Motors
1736:American Austin
1723:
1717:
1595:
1589:
1496:Holiday Rambler
1388:Lockheed Martin
1341:Harley-Davidson
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238:John Paul Chase
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1005:. 7 July 2014
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25:Motor vehicle
23:
19:
3073:Convertibles
3032:
3008:Dover Trucks
2957:J. L. Hudson
2906:Metropolitan
2616:Lingenfelter
2584:General Tire
2453:Tesla (list)
2428:Honda (list)
2375:Myers Motors
2321:Concept and
2224:Pierce-Arrow
2179:Monaco Coach
2077:Goshen Coach
2070:Yellow Coach
1880:Diamond-Star
1850:Commonwealth
1765:
1596:subsidiaries
1408:Morgan Olson
1393:Lucid Motors
1245:Champion Bus
1240:Forest River
1190:Armour Group
1060:
1033:
1029:
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1002:
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494:
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370:
366:South Island
363:
355:
323:
319:pickup truck
307:
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265:
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186:
177:
173:
165:
161:
87:
85:
50:Manufacturer
22:
2947:A. E. Barit
2689:Designworks
2552:Caterpillar
2509:makers and
2479:Ford (list)
2418:Ford (list)
2355:Elio Motors
1975:Continental
1870:Cycle-Scoot
1659:Seres Group
1398:Mack Trucks
1215:Caterpillar
758:29 February
729:1700–1799:
709:1634–1699:
695:12 February
673:12 February
604:12 February
578:12 February
555:12 February
533:12 February
511:12 February
336:New Zealand
3103:1930s cars
3057:Categories
3003:Doc Hudson
2663:Torrington
2542:BorgWarner
2537:BFGoodrich
2365:Fisker Inc
2239:Studebaker
2199:New United
2040:Oldsmobile
2030:McLaughlin
1900:Locomobile
1885:Duesenberg
1865:CNH Global
1766:Terraplane
1713:Volkswagen
1671:Stellantis
1642:Mitsubishi
1575:VIA Motors
1570:Ultimaster
1565:Trans Tech
1548:Arctic Cat
1368:John Deere
1358:HDT Global
1260:Glaval Bus
1175:AM General
1138:and brands
1022:References
915:W D Rose,
88:Terraplane
60:Production
31:Terraplane
2921:Super Six
2911:Pacemaker
2866:Commodore
2601:Hennessey
2579:Firestone
2394:Factories
2283:Visionary
2189:MotoCzysz
2157:Roosevelt
2087:GreenTech
2025:Marquette
2010:GM Diesel
2000:Cartercar
1927:Excalibur
1922:Eagle Bus
1722:Defunct /
1491:Fleetwood
1486:REV Group
1452:Peterbilt
1314:Chevrolet
1205:Blue Bird
288:Australia
282:Australia
226:gangsters
79:FR layout
63:1932–1938
3044:Category
2859:Vehicles
2793:Category
2708:By state
2589:Goodyear
2298:Wildfire
2234:Sterling
2219:Peerless
2147:Marathon
2117:Allstate
2060:Sheridan
1947:Fiberfab
1940:Plymouth
1875:DeLorean
1805:Autoette
1676:Chrysler
1652:Infiniti
1594:Foreign
1447:Kenworth
1418:Navistar
1351:Club Car
1304:Cadillac
1185:Arcimoto
1145:Current
1009:5 August
983:5 August
957:5 August
734:(1992).
714:(1997).
653:Archived
449:See also
373:Standard
45:Overview
2988:Aerocar
2916:Rambler
2668:Visteon
2621:Nexteer
2557:Cummins
2522:Allison
2515:modders
2489:Packard
2467:Defunct
2244:Erskine
2214:Packard
2127:Henry J
2107:Jeffery
2092:Grumman
2045:Pontiac
2035:Oakland
2020:LaSalle
1985:Mercury
1931:FCA US
1790:Armored
1778:Rambler
1724:former
1625:Hyundai
1558:Cushman
1543:Textron
1479:Victory
1430:Oshkosh
1378:Laffite
1277:Lincoln
1250:Collins
1220:Czinger
1200:Autocar
1134:Vehicle
435:Railton
311:tourers
269:ammeter
190:Detroit
3083:Sedans
3078:Coupés
3023:Museum
2940:People
2901:Pickup
2891:Italia
2886:Hornet
2803:Portal
2658:Timken
2643:Saleen
2611:Legacy
2562:Brammo
2401:Active
2380:Nikola
2308:Zimmer
2249:Rockne
2184:Mosler
2174:Mercer
2169:Matbro
2164:Marvel
2152:Marmon
2135:Willys
2131:Kaiser
2122:Frazer
2097:Henney
2065:Viking
2050:Saturn
2005:Elmore
1890:Durant
1810:Avanti
1800:Aurica
1795:Auburn
1756:Hudson
1703:Toyota
1698:Subaru
1647:Nissan
1553:E-Z-Go
1518:Rivian
1501:Laymor
1474:Indian
1442:Paccar
1435:Pierce
1423:IC Bus
1331:Gillig
801:
627:
502:
236:, and
74:Layout
2981:Other
2876:Eight
2574:Eaton
2532:Aptiv
2345:Canoo
2293:White
2261:Scion
2256:Stutz
2194:Muntz
2142:Local
2082:Green
1980:Edsel
1971:Ford
1935:Eagle
1910:Rugby
1905:Mason
1895:Flint
1815:Avery
1785:Armor
1761:Essex
1681:Dodge
1664:Seres
1618:Acura
1613:Honda
1538:Tesla
1459:Panoz
1299:Buick
859:Trove
841:Trove
823:Trove
741:(PDF)
721:(PDF)
472:Notes
2931:Wasp
1915:Star
1860:Case
1855:Cord
1845:Coda
1773:Nash
1686:Jeep
1272:Ford
1158:AGCO
1149:list
1011:2019
985:2019
959:2019
799:ISBN
760:2024
697:2014
675:2014
625:ISBN
606:2014
580:2014
557:2014
535:2014
513:2014
500:ISBN
364:For
262:1938
253:1934
208:1933
183:1932
86:The
2896:Jet
2731:AAA
2653:SRT
2303:ZAP
2278:VPG
2015:Geo
1992:FMC
1820:BMC
1691:Ram
1630:Kia
1603:BMW
1363:HME
1324:GMC
1282:SVT
1065:at
321:).
94:of
3059::
2288:VL
1034:39
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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