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59:
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294:(2WTs) and very low center of gravity articulated steering 4-wheel tractors. Their designs by various European manufacturers were initially quite simple but effective, allowing them to cross slopes approaching 20%. In the 2000s new designs of wheels and tires, tracks, etc, and incorporation of electronics for better and safer control, allowed these machines to operate on slopes greater than 20% with various implements such as reaper-harvesters, rakes, balers, and transport trailers.
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In Asian sub-tropical countries, a similar process has begun with the introduction of smaller, lower-tech and much lower-priced 2WTs in the 4-9 horsepower range that can be safely operated in the small, narrow terraces, and are light enough to be lifted and lowered from one terrace to the next. What
573:
times. The majority of the samples fell within the latter periods. However, the study's ability to precisely determine the original construction date remains uncertain, as the results could also reflect subsequent agricultural modifications that affected exposure to sunlight.
382:
to direct water through dry land and increase fertility levels and growth. These terraced farms are found wherever mountain villages have existed in the Andes. They provided the food necessary to support the populations of great Inca cities and religious centres such as
150:
149:
154:
153:
148:
155:
518:
Despite their prevalence, there is a lack of consensus among scholars regarding their construction date. Various theories have been proposed, with Zvi Ron suggesting that their origins date back to ancient times, Finkelstein proposing the
152:
1113:
Martín, Lidia & González
Morales, A & Ojeda, Antonio A.. (2016). Towards a new valuation of cultural terraced landscapes: The heritage of terraces in the Canary Islands (Spain). 26. 499-512. 10.19233/ASHS.2016.31.
306:
crops, and with their small 60-70cm-wide rotovators and special cage wheels are puddling the terraces for transplanted and broadcast rice. Farmers are also using the engines as stationary power sources for powering
1049:
Paudel, G.P., A. McDonald, D.B. Rahut, D.B KC, and S. Justice 2019 Scale-appropriate mechanization impacts on productivity among smallholders: Evidence from rice systems in the mid-hills of Nepal. Land Use Policy
319:-harvester attachments. In Nepal, the low costs of these mostly Chinese-made machines and the increased productivity they produce have meant that this scale-appropriate machinery is spreading across Nepal's
151:
367:, who adopted them. The terraces were built to make the most efficient use of shallow soil and to enable irrigation of crops by allowing runoff to occur through the outlet.
600:
102:
is a piece of sloped plane that has been cut into a series of successively receding flat surfaces or platforms, which resemble steps, for the purposes of more effective
690:
463:
present a complex system of terraces covering the landscape from the coastal irrigated plantations to the dry fields in the highlands. These terraces, which are named
1311:
549:
periods. Seligman suggested that while some terraces were established in ancient times, the majority of them are more likely to have originated during the Roman and
1422:
511:, often found in conjunction with ancient rock-cut agricultural structures including quarries, winepresses, olive oil presses, water holes, lime kilns, roads, and
1398:
3629:
1446:
1232:
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in the south, are slowly disappearing, but volunteers are helping the farmers both to maintain their traditional methods and for sightseeing purposes.
282:
It was long held that steep mountain landscapes are not conducive to, or do not even permit, agricultural mechanization. In the 1970s in the
European
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131:
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639:
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624:
3685:
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2242:
199:, Africa, and South America. Drier-climate terrace farming is common throughout the Mediterranean Basin, where they are used for
3748:
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3670:
3652:
1225:
915:"The Way of the Beer: Ritual Re-Enactment of History among the Mafa, Terrace Farmers of the Mandara Mountains (North Cameroon)"
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1034:
1007:
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3112:
658:
3703:
3338:
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farms began mechanizing the management of alpine pastures and harvesting of forage grasses through use of single axle
3831:
3079:
1652:
1250:
1218:
487:. The water is directed from a river by a duct along a terrace. This set-up was used in steep hilly areas in the UK.
3565:
3328:
3202:
3161:
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678:
114:. Graduated terrace steps are commonly used to farm on hilly or mountainous terrain. Terraced fields decrease both
3795:
3313:
2972:
2957:
2952:
2729:
515:. According to Zvi Ron's estimation, these terraces encompass approximately 56% of the open grounds in the area.
359:
for over a thousand years to farm potatoes, maize, and other native crops. Terraced farming was developed by the
1078:
3826:
3207:
3171:
3019:
3014:
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914:
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2694:
2405:
1900:
1781:
1323:
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3616:
3414:
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3237:
3222:
2714:
2689:
2699:
2361:
2213:
298:
is different from the Alpine use is that these 2WTs are being used for tillage and crop establishment of
1188:
U. Davidovich et al., "Archeological
Investigations and OSL Dating of Terraces at Ramat Rahel, Israel",
706:
3590:
3580:
3323:
3308:
3287:
3282:
3272:
2739:
2674:
2501:
1813:
1258:
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232:
531:
and
Edelstein conducted research on terrace systems in the Rephaim valley, proposing that the ones in
3419:
3252:
2476:
2116:
1511:
803:
512:
467:(chains), are built with stone walls of skillful design, which include attached stairs and channels.
78:
363:
and other peoples of the south-central Andes before 1000 AD, centuries before they were used by the
3585:
3333:
3105:
2987:
2573:
2486:
2471:
2426:
2192:
2182:
2054:
2044:
1874:
1612:
1410:
1241:
251:'s father-in-law were designed in terraces to give pleasant and varied views of the Bay of Naples.
20:
3409:
3394:
3277:
3267:
3176:
2914:
2637:
2632:
2523:
2491:
2032:
2007:
1947:
1627:
1568:
808:
697:
254:
Intensive terrace farming is believed to have been practiced before the early 15th century AD in
3595:
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2400:
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1920:
1756:
1731:
1582:
1561:
1453:
375:
1024:
964:
2798:
2578:
1982:
1791:
1299:
990:
Gwimbe, Samuel Barde (2014). "Ancient
Terraces on Highland Fringes South of the Chad Basin".
3662:
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3043:
2669:
2528:
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2335:
2187:
2144:
2037:
1345:
815:
764:
542:
8:
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2496:
2111:
2101:
1657:
1642:
1602:
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135:
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may have been built on an artificial mountain with stepped terraces, such as those on a
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2719:
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83:
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58:
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3050:
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2620:
2568:
2538:
2159:
1905:
1796:
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1617:
1205:
1030:
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970:
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899:
508:
424:
312:
291:
228:
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3424:
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3151:
2884:
2842:
2734:
2625:
2533:
2518:
2209:
2096:
1987:
1952:
1927:
1786:
1607:
1176:
Judea and
Samaria: studies in settlement geography, in memory of Dr. Avraham Brawer
995:
929:
631:
566:
550:
436:
399:, terrace farming is known locally as the staircase or ladder farming (in Myanmar:
1434:
3555:
3505:
3404:
2859:
2595:
2325:
2149:
2067:
2002:
1997:
1895:
1761:
1632:
1487:
999:
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3520:
3379:
2815:
2272:
2164:
2081:
1885:
1647:
1637:
1523:
830:
460:
223:
are known for their terrace systems which were constructed at the beginning of
192:
119:
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3460:
3450:
3445:
3227:
3197:
3009:
2874:
2832:
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2600:
2421:
2300:
2139:
2017:
2012:
1967:
1736:
941:
835:
646:
570:
528:
263:
248:
3090:
1507:
1360:
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2320:
2315:
2305:
2285:
1972:
1915:
1746:
1463:
1406:
1319:
1210:
1101:
607:
554:
546:
432:
384:
360:
271:
188:
1372:
1307:
1123:
Whittington, G. (1967-01-01). "Towards a
Terminology for Strip Lynchets".
3545:
3535:
3475:
3156:
2919:
2854:
2837:
2810:
2783:
2768:
2744:
2615:
2456:
2384:
2330:
2027:
1910:
1849:
1418:
665:
476:
364:
255:
244:
220:
168:
107:
95:
63:
31:
1469:
1394:
1295:
1136:
3680:
3455:
3166:
3121:
2610:
2558:
2553:
2436:
2154:
2134:
2022:
1834:
1829:
1751:
1741:
1622:
1367:
1287:
1102:
An
Agricultural Wonder: Japan’s Vanishing Terraced Rice Fields (Photos)
949:
592:
520:
484:
324:
308:
224:
184:
123:
1172:יהודה ושומרון: פרקים בגיאוגרפיה ישובית, מוקדש לזכרו של אברהם יעקב ברור
42:
3262:
3217:
3212:
2820:
2548:
2310:
2290:
2176:
1992:
1977:
1593:
1535:
1335:
855:
500:
452:
320:
180:
160:
933:
3515:
3510:
2513:
2340:
2227:
1957:
1932:
1859:
1776:
1442:
825:
669:
611:
236:
208:
200:
26:
1495:
1483:
966:
Sustainable Land
Management in the Tropics: Explaining the Miracle
340:
3540:
3525:
2869:
2825:
2793:
2280:
2252:
1937:
1864:
1854:
1844:
1839:
1547:
1519:
615:
480:
396:
379:
315:. Even more recently farmers are experimenting with use of small
287:
115:
103:
51:
1430:
3530:
3495:
3465:
3257:
2847:
2773:
2441:
2431:
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2257:
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1942:
1890:
1700:
1543:
1459:
1382:
768:
748:
316:
303:
176:
67:
2353:
1283:
1157:
Stories Told by the
Mountains: Cultural Landscape Through Time
2864:
1715:
798:
784:
650:
459:
Terraced fields are common in islands with steep slopes. The
416:
371:
354:
349:
299:
267:
204:
172:
87:
71:
47:
35:
1531:
1331:
1170:
Ron, Zvi (1977). "התפוצה של המדרגות החקלאיות בהרי ירושלים".
1022:
2755:
2543:
1710:
1705:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1670:
728:
713:
283:
259:
127:
403:) and the agriculture technique of that kind is known as
881:"On Ancient Terraced Hills, Urbanism Sprouted With Crops"
344:
Diagram showing Inca terrace engineering for agriculture.
906:
323:
and likely into the other countries of the Himalaya and
122:, and may be used to support growing crops that require
370:
The Inca people built on these, developing a system of
922:
Africa: Journal of the International African Institute
1178:] (in Hebrew). Jerusalem: כנען. pp. 210–229.
983:
535:
were built during the Iron Age II, whereas those in
1023:Molefi Kete Asante; Ama Mazama (26 November 2008).
912:
900:"Mapping precolonial African agricultural systems"
231:. Terracing is also used for sloping terrain; the
258:. Terraces were used by many groups, notably the
3818:
992:African Indigenous Knowledge and the Disciplines
553:periods. A 2014 research study on terraces near
1016:
684:Terraced farmland in Peru, adopted by the Inca.
138:because of the significance of this technique.
994:. Rotterdam: SensePublishers. pp. 45–61.
913:Genest, Serge; Muller-Kosack, Gerhard (2003).
891:
3120:
3106:
2369:
1226:
523:, and Feig, Stager, and Harel suggesting the
507:Ancient terraces are a common feature in the
483:). An example of an ancient Lynch Mill is in
1240:
1122:
821:Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
132:Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras
3113:
3099:
2376:
2362:
1233:
1219:
3364:North Bengal Medical College and Hospital
962:
1061:"Terrace cultivation | agriculture"
494:
446:
339:
145:
77:
57:
41:
25:
3786:Cities and towns in Darjeeling district
3765:Cities and towns in Darjeeling district
3248:Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park
1159:(in Hebrew). Resling. pp. 176–184.
956:
897:
479:, a terrace was also called a "lynch" (
352:, farmers have used terraces, known as
3819:
989:
561:(OSL), yielded dates ranging from the
3094:
2357:
1214:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1146:
3344:Southfield (formerly Loreto) College
3062:
330:
3182:Darjeeling (Lok Sabha constituency)
3074:
1169:
783:Rice cultivation, Lower Himalayas,
13:
3359:Himalayan Mountaineering Institute
2925:Environmental impact of irrigation
1143:
1029:. SAGE Publications. p. 328.
214:
159:Farmers working on rice terraces (
16:Terrain formed by tiered platforms
14:
3848:
1251:Offshore geotechnical engineering
1199:
559:Optically Stimulated Luminescence
442:
421:100 Selected Terraced Rice Fields
277:
134:have been designated as a UNESCO
3566:Tibetan Refugee Self Help Centre
3339:Victoria Boys' School (Kurseong)
3203:Darjeeling Himalayan hill region
3162:Gorkha National Liberation Front
3073:
3061:
3049:
3038:
3037:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1468:
1458:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1359:
1330:
1318:
1306:
1294:
1282:
1026:Encyclopedia of African Religion
776:
756:
736:
720:
705:
689:
677:
657:
638:
630:Tetang Village terraced fields,
623:
599:
584:
335:
3806:Villages in Darjeeling district
3801:People from Darjeeling district
2993:Agriculture and the environment
2730:British Agricultural Revolution
2383:
1206:Terrace Fields around the World
1182:
1163:
1125:The Agricultural History Review
1116:
1107:
1095:
1071:
3208:Jore Pokhri Wildlife Sanctuary
3172:Darjeeling Gorkha Hill Council
2937:Climate change and agriculture
2710:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
1053:
1043:
873:
848:
1:
3349:Darjeeling Government College
1901:Mechanically stabilized earth
841:
3617:Darjeeling Sadar subdivision
3415:Darjeeling Himalayan Railway
3243:Mahananda Wildlife Sanctuary
2715:Arab Agricultural Revolution
1653:Hydraulic conductivity tests
1190:Journal of Field Archaeology
1155:Rubin, Rehav (Buni) (2018).
969:. Routledge. pp. 145–.
7:
3717:Vidhan Sabha constituencies
2214:Stress distribution in soil
1000:10.1007/978-94-6209-770-4_6
792:
696:Terraced hay fields in the
10:
3853:
3581:Mag-Dhog Yolmowa Monastery
3309:University of North Bengal
3283:Demographics of Darjeeling
3273:Senchal Wildlife Sanctuary
2675:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
1364:Pore pressure measurement
963:Fred Zaal (1 April 2016).
727:Jatiluwih rice terrace in
577:
470:
390:
233:Hanging Gardens of Babylon
18:
3773:
3757:
3716:
3694:
3661:
3643:
3615:
3604:
3438:
3372:
3301:
3190:
3129:
3034:
3025:Universities and colleges
3001:
2945:
2893:
2754:
2658:
2643:Universities and colleges
2455:
2448:
2414:
2391:
2271:
2226:
2125:
2117:Preconsolidation pressure
2089:
2080:
2053:
1873:
1822:
1809:
1724:
1678:
1669:
1592:
1512:Standard penetration test
1270:
1257:
1248:
870:they are Broad flat steps
804:Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
490:
171:are used widely in rice,
3832:Agricultural terminology
3630:Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhri
3334:Goethals Memorial School
3010:Agriculturist profession
2487:Agricultural engineering
2472:Agricultural cooperative
1613:California bearing ratio
1411:Rotary-pressure sounding
1242:Geotechnical engineering
1079:"Farming Like the Incas"
664:Terraced field in Kabal
513:agricultural watchtowers
410:
395:In mountainous areas of
21:Terrace (disambiguation)
3410:Transport in Darjeeling
3395:Happy Valley Tea Estate
3278:Singalila National Park
3177:Darjeeling Municipality
2915:Agricultural wastewater
2638:Sustainable food system
2633:Sustainable agriculture
2524:Animal-free agriculture
2492:Agricultural technology
2033:Geosynthetic clay liner
2008:Expanded clay aggregate
1628:Proctor compaction test
1569:Crosshole sonic logging
1555:Nuclear densometer test
1312:Geo-electrical sounding
1065:Encyclopedia Britannica
809:Yuanyang County, Yunnan
700:basin during the 1930s.
698:Upper Mississippi River
645:Terraced fields in the
405:လှေခါးထစ်စိုက်ပျိုးနည်း
247:, the villa gardens of
141:
30:Terraced fields in the
3796:Hill stations in India
3576:Bhutia Busty Monastery
3405:Economy of West Bengal
3293:Chowrasta (Darjeeling)
3130:History and government
3015:Agricultural machinery
2973:History of agriculture
2958:Agriculture by country
2953:Agricultural machinery
2910:Agricultural pollution
2905:Agricultural expansion
2680:Austronesian expansion
2591:Mechanised agriculture
2296:Earthquake engineering
2107:Lateral earth pressure
1732:Hydraulic conductivity
1583:Wave equation analysis
1562:Exploration geophysics
1454:Deformation monitoring
1423:Rotary weight sounding
898:Widgren, Mats (2009).
591:Cultivation terraces,
504:
456:
348:In the South American
345:
164:
91:
75:
55:
39:
3827:Agricultural terraces
3606:Community development
3420:Katihar–Siliguri line
3373:Economy and Transport
3020:Government ministries
2963:Agriculture companies
2799:Convertible husbandry
2477:Agricultural supplies
2427:Agricultural Engineer
1474:Settlement recordings
1399:Rock control drilling
1300:Cone penetration test
1192:37, 3 (2012): 192-208
856:"World Heritage List"
498:
450:
401:mm:လှေခါးထစ်တောင်ယာ
343:
158:
81:
62:Rice terraces of the
61:
45:
29:
3837:Artificial landforms
3663:Siliguri subdivision
3645:Kurseong subdivision
3390:Pattabong Tea Garden
3354:St. Joseph's College
2670:Neolithic Revolution
2529:Cellular agriculture
2482:Agricultural science
2336:Agricultural science
2038:Cellular confinement
1083:Smithsonian Magazine
816:Banaue Rice Terraces
765:Banaue Rice Terraces
110:is therefore called
82:Rice terrace in the
19:For other uses, see
3625:Darjeeling Pulbazar
3551:Tendong Lho Rumfaat
3319:St. Joseph's School
3314:Mount Hermon School
3137:Darjeeling district
2228:Numerical analysis
2112:Overburden pressure
2102:Pore water pressure
1882:Shoring structures
1757:Reynolds' dilatancy
1658:Water content tests
1643:Triaxial shear test
1603:Soil classification
1576:Pile integrity test
887:. 2 September 1997.
745:Batad Rice Terraces
541:were linked to the
509:Jerusalem Mountains
451:Terraced fields in
241:Villa of the Papyri
211:, and other crops.
197:Mediterranean Basin
136:World Heritage Site
3739:Matigara-Naxalbari
3430:Darjeeling Ropeway
2804:Rotational grazing
2720:Columbian exchange
2203:Slab stabilisation
2183:Stability analysis
885:The New York Times
563:Hellenistic period
505:
457:
346:
321:Himalaya Mountains
292:two-wheel tractors
165:
92:
84:Fukuoka Prefecture
76:
56:
40:
3814:
3813:
3712:
3711:
3696:Mirik subdivision
3329:St. Paul's School
3147:History of Bengal
3142:History of Sikkim
3088:
3087:
2648:Urban agriculture
2621:Rice-duck farming
2569:Intensive farming
2539:Extensive farming
2351:
2350:
2222:
2221:
2198:Sliding criterion
2160:Response spectrum
2076:
2075:
1906:Pressure grouting
1805:
1804:
1665:
1664:
1618:Direct shear test
1324:Permeability test
1050:85(2019):104-113.
1036:978-1-5063-1786-1
1009:978-94-6209-770-4
976:978-1-317-04776-6
606:Rice terraces in
527:. Archaeologists
521:Middle Bronze Age
331:In specific areas
239:. At the seaside
229:3rd millennium BC
195:, as well as the
156:
46:Rice terraces in
3844:
3613:
3612:
3425:Bagdogra Airport
3400:Tourism in India
3238:Darjeeling Sadar
3223:Observatory Hill
3152:History of Nepal
3115:
3108:
3101:
3092:
3091:
3077:
3076:
3065:
3064:
3053:
3041:
3040:
2885:Wildlife farming
2735:Green Revolution
2686:Ancient history
2626:Rice-fish system
2534:Contract farming
2519:Animal husbandry
2378:
2371:
2364:
2355:
2354:
2210:Bearing capacity
2097:Effective stress
2087:
2086:
1988:Land reclamation
1928:Land development
1823:Natural features
1820:
1819:
1787:Specific storage
1676:
1675:
1608:Atterberg limits
1546:
1534:
1522:
1510:
1498:
1486:
1472:
1462:
1447:Screw plate test
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1397:
1385:
1363:
1334:
1322:
1310:
1298:
1286:
1268:
1267:
1235:
1228:
1221:
1212:
1211:
1193:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1152:
1141:
1140:
1120:
1114:
1111:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1020:
1014:
1013:
987:
981:
980:
960:
954:
953:
919:
910:
904:
903:
895:
889:
888:
877:
871:
869:
867:
866:
852:
780:
760:
740:
724:
712:Rice terrace in
709:
693:
681:
661:
642:
632:Mustang District
627:
603:
588:
455:, Canary Islands
435:in the north to
157:
3852:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3769:
3753:
3708:
3690:
3657:
3639:
3635:Rangli Rangliot
3607:
3600:
3556:Maghe Sankranti
3434:
3368:
3297:
3186:
3125:
3119:
3089:
3084:
3030:
3029:
3028:
2997:
2988:Poultry farming
2941:
2896:
2889:
2860:Poultry farming
2750:
2726:Modern history
2706:Post-classical
2654:
2653:
2652:
2596:Organic farming
2451:
2450:
2446:
2410:
2387:
2382:
2352:
2347:
2326:Earth materials
2267:
2229:
2218:
2127:
2121:
2072:
2049:
2003:Earth structure
1998:Erosion control
1896:Ground freezing
1886:Retaining walls
1869:
1811:
1801:
1762:Angle of repose
1720:
1661:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1548:Visible bedrock
1500:Simple sounding
1488:Shear vane test
1264:instrumentation
1263:
1261:
1253:
1244:
1239:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1187:
1183:
1168:
1164:
1153:
1144:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1108:
1100:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1077:
1076:
1072:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1048:
1044:
1037:
1021:
1017:
1010:
988:
984:
977:
961:
957:
934:10.2307/3556793
917:
911:
907:
896:
892:
879:
878:
874:
864:
862:
854:
853:
849:
844:
795:
788:
781:
772:
761:
752:
741:
732:
725:
716:
710:
701:
694:
685:
682:
673:
662:
653:
643:
634:
628:
619:
604:
595:
589:
580:
493:
473:
445:
413:
393:
338:
333:
280:
221:Yemen Highlands
217:
215:Ancient history
146:
144:
106:. This type of
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3850:
3840:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3812:
3811:
3809:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3761:
3759:
3755:
3754:
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3751:
3746:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3720:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3700:
3698:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3659:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3649:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3638:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3621:
3619:
3610:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3591:Mahakal Temple
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3571:Ghum Monastery
3568:
3563:
3561:Chotrul Duchen
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3385:Terrace fields
3382:
3380:Darjeeling tea
3376:
3374:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:Loreto Convent
3321:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3288:Mahakal Temple
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3184:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3133:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3124:related topics
3118:
3117:
3110:
3103:
3095:
3086:
3085:
3083:
3071:
3059:
3047:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:
2996:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2933:
2932:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2901:
2899:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2816:Insect farming
2813:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2801:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2697:
2695:Ancient Greece
2692:
2684:
2683:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2623:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2453:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2381:
2380:
2373:
2366:
2358:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2273:Related fields
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2234:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2193:Classification
2190:
2185:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2167:
2165:Seismic hazard
2162:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2093:
2091:
2084:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2059:
2057:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1879:
1877:
1871:
1870:
1868:
1867:
1862:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1826:
1824:
1817:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1792:Shear strength
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1767:Friction angle
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1693:
1688:
1682:
1680:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1648:Oedometer test
1645:
1640:
1638:Sieve analysis
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1598:
1590:
1589:
1586:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1572:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1558:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1539:
1538:
1527:
1526:
1524:Total sounding
1515:
1514:
1503:
1502:
1491:
1490:
1479:
1478:
1477:
1476:
1466:
1450:
1449:
1438:
1437:
1426:
1425:
1414:
1413:
1402:
1401:
1390:
1389:
1378:
1377:
1376:
1375:
1370:
1356:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1327:
1326:
1315:
1314:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1290:
1279:
1278:
1276:
1265:
1255:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1245:
1238:
1237:
1230:
1223:
1215:
1209:
1208:
1201:
1200:External links
1198:
1195:
1194:
1181:
1162:
1142:
1131:(2): 103–107.
1115:
1106:
1094:
1070:
1052:
1042:
1035:
1015:
1008:
982:
975:
955:
928:(4): 642–643.
905:
890:
872:
846:
845:
843:
840:
839:
838:
833:
831:Terrace garden
828:
823:
818:
813:
812:
811:
801:
794:
791:
790:
789:
782:
775:
773:
771:, Philippines.
762:
755:
753:
751:, Philippines.
742:
735:
733:
726:
719:
717:
711:
704:
702:
695:
688:
686:
683:
676:
674:
663:
656:
654:
644:
637:
635:
629:
622:
620:
605:
598:
596:
590:
583:
579:
576:
533:Khirbet er-Ras
499:Terraces near
492:
489:
472:
469:
461:Canary Islands
444:
443:Canary Islands
441:
419:, some of the
412:
409:
392:
389:
337:
334:
332:
329:
279:
278:Recent history
276:
216:
213:
193:southeast Asia
143:
140:
120:surface runoff
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3849:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3824:
3822:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3778:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3693:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3642:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3620:
3618:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3371:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3253:Manebhanjyang
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:Sivalik Hills
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3198:Kangchenjunga
3196:
3195:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3128:
3123:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3102:
3097:
3096:
3093:
3082:
3081:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3060:
3058:
3057:
3052:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3036:
3033:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2983:Meat industry
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2968:Biotechnology
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2928:
2927:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2895:Environmental
2892:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2875:Sheep farming
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2824:
2823:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2809:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2779:Dairy farming
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2756:Farming Types
2753:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2690:Ancient Egypt
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2657:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2601:Paludiculture
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2503:
2502:Biotechnology
2500:
2498:
2495:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2464:
2460:
2458:
2454:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2422:Agriculturist
2420:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2386:
2379:
2374:
2372:
2367:
2365:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
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2301:Geomorphology
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2158:
2157:
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2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2145:Consolidation
2143:
2141:
2140:Frost heaving
2138:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
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2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2019:
2018:Geosynthetics
2016:
2014:
2013:Crushed stone
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
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1971:
1969:
1968:Cut-and-cover
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
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1934:
1931:
1929:
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1740:
1738:
1737:Water content
1735:
1733:
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1723:
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1435:Sample series
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1260:
1259:Investigation
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1104:(Nippon.com)
1103:
1098:
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882:
876:
861:
857:
851:
847:
837:
836:Terraced wall
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
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814:
810:
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715:
708:
703:
699:
692:
687:
680:
675:
671:
667:
660:
655:
652:
648:
647:Upper Mustang
641:
636:
633:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
602:
597:
594:
587:
582:
581:
575:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:Second Temple
540:
539:
534:
530:
526:
522:
516:
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510:
502:
497:
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377:
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368:
366:
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358:
356:
351:
342:
336:South America
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
302:, wheat, and
301:
295:
293:
289:
285:
275:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
252:
250:
249:Julius Caesar
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
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212:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
162:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
89:
85:
80:
73:
69:
65:
60:
53:
49:
44:
37:
33:
28:
22:
3586:Peace Pagoda
3471:Yolmo/Yamloo
3384:
3078:
3066:
3054:
3042:
2930:Overdrafting
2879:
2789:Goat farming
2700:Ancient Rome
2606:Permaculture
2564:Horticulture
2509:Agroforestry
2467:Agribusiness
2321:Biogeography
2316:Hydrogeology
2306:Soil science
2286:Geochemistry
2045:Infiltration
1973:Cut and fill
1962:
1916:Soil nailing
1782:Permeability
1747:Bulk density
1464:Inclinometer
1387:Ram sounding
1272:
1189:
1184:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1156:
1128:
1124:
1118:
1109:
1097:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:
1073:
1064:
1055:
1045:
1025:
1018:
991:
985:
965:
958:
925:
921:
908:
902:. p. 5.
893:
884:
875:
863:. Retrieved
859:
850:
731:, Indonesia.
608:Hoang Su Phi
555:Ramat Rachel
536:
532:
517:
506:
474:
464:
458:
420:
414:
394:
385:Machu Picchu
369:
361:Wari culture
353:
347:
296:
281:
253:
218:
169:paddy fields
166:
111:
99:
93:
3546:Devil Dance
3268:Rock Garden
3157:British Raj
3080:Wikiproject
2920:Overgrazing
2855:Pig farming
2838:Paddy field
2811:Hydroponics
2784:Fur farming
2769:Aquaculture
2764:Agrivoltaic
2745:Monoculture
2666:Prehistory
2616:Polyculture
2437:Farm worker
2415:Occupations
2385:Agriculture
2331:Archaeology
2055:Foundations
2028:Geomembrane
1911:Slurry wall
1850:Water table
1814:Interaction
1810:Structures
1797:Sensitivity
1594:Laboratory
666:Swat valley
477:Old English
309:water pumps
256:West Africa
245:Herculaneum
179:farming in
108:landscaping
96:agriculture
64:Hani people
32:Jabal Haraz
3821:Categories
3781:Darjeeling
3774:Categories
3749:Phansidewa
3729:Darjeeling
3681:Phansidewa
3476:Miji/Damai
3233:Tiger Hill
3167:Gorkhaland
3122:Darjeeling
2946:Categories
2611:Plantation
2559:Free range
2554:Feed ratio
2188:Mitigation
2170:Shear wave
2155:Earthquake
2150:Compaction
2135:Permafrost
2126:Phenomena/
2023:Geotextile
1948:Embankment
1938:Excavation
1875:Earthworks
1835:Vegetation
1830:Topography
1752:Thixotropy
1742:Void ratio
1725:Properties
1623:Hydrometer
1368:Piezometer
1288:Core drill
1088:2015-09-20
865:2012-09-22
842:References
649:region of
593:Walkerburn
485:Lyme Regis
325:Hindu Kush
270:, and the
225:Bronze Age
126:, such as
124:irrigation
34:region of
3791:Himalayas
3724:Kalimpong
3686:Kharibari
3676:Naxalbari
3596:Chowrasta
3302:Education
3263:Sandakphu
3218:Jalapahar
3213:Katapahar
3191:Geography
2978:Livestock
2821:Livestock
2549:Farmhouse
2311:Hydrology
2291:Petrology
2179:analysis
2177:Landslide
2082:Mechanics
1993:Track bed
1978:Fill dirt
1963:Terracing
1536:Trial pit
1351:Statnamic
1336:Load test
942:0001-9720
551:Byzantine
501:Ein Karem
453:La Gomera
437:Kagoshima
429:日本の棚田百選一覧
376:aqueducts
313:threshers
201:vineyards
189:southwest
167:Terraced
161:Indonesia
112:terracing
3758:Template
3744:Siliguri
3734:Kurseong
3671:Matigara
3653:Kurseong
3516:Buddhism
3511:Hinduism
3044:Category
2870:Orchards
2843:Pastoral
2514:Agronomy
2341:Agrology
2230:software
2128:problems
1958:Causeway
1933:Landfill
1860:Subgrade
1777:Porosity
1772:Cohesion
1137:40273237
826:Satoyama
793:See also
670:Pakistan
612:Ha Giang
557:, using
538:Ein Yael
525:Iron Age
503:, Israel
431:), from
425:Japanese
237:ziggurat
209:cork oak
3526:Chhurpi
3521:Wai-wai
3501:Bengali
3439:Culture
3068:Commons
2880:Terrace
2826:Pasture
2794:Grazing
2740:Organic
2660:History
2574:animals
2497:Digital
2457:General
2401:History
2396:Outline
2281:Geology
2253:SVSlope
2063:Shallow
1983:Grading
1921:Tieback
1865:Subsoil
1855:Bedrock
1845:Topsoil
1840:Terrain
1633:R-value
1596:testing
1346:Dynamic
1273:in situ
1271:Field (
950:3556793
616:Vietnam
578:Gallery
571:Ottoman
481:lynchet
471:England
465:cadenas
397:Myanmar
391:Myanmar
380:puquios
355:andenes
288:pasture
227:in the
207:trees,
116:erosion
104:farming
100:terrace
52:Vietnam
3608:blocks
3541:Chhang
3531:Thukpa
3506:Nepali
3496:Gorkha
3466:Bhutia
3461:Lepcha
3451:Sherpa
3446:Tamang
3258:Phalut
3056:Portal
2897:impact
2848:Bocage
2774:Cattle
2442:Herder
2432:Farmer
2263:Plaxis
2258:UTEXAS
2248:SVFlux
2238:SEEP2D
2090:Forces
1943:Trench
1891:Gabion
1701:Gravel
1341:Static
1135:
1033:
1006:
973:
948:
940:
860:UNESCO
769:Ifugao
749:Ifugao
567:Mamluk
529:Gibson
491:Israel
378:, and
372:canals
317:reaper
304:potato
191:, and
177:barley
130:. The
68:Yunnan
3704:Mirik
3491:Limbu
3486:Newar
3481:Kamai
3002:Lists
2865:Ranch
2833:Mixed
2584:crops
2406:Index
2243:STABL
1716:Loess
1679:Types
1174:[
1133:JSTOR
946:JSTOR
918:(PDF)
799:Anden
785:Nepal
651:Nepal
547:Roman
433:Iwate
417:Japan
411:Japan
350:Andes
300:maize
272:Dogon
268:Gwoza
205:olive
185:south
173:wheat
88:Japan
72:China
48:Sa Pa
36:Yemen
3536:Momo
2579:pigs
2544:Farm
2068:Deep
1711:Loam
1706:Peat
1696:Sand
1691:Silt
1686:Clay
1671:Soil
1373:Well
1031:ISBN
1004:ISBN
971:ISBN
938:ISSN
763:The
743:The
729:Bali
714:Bali
569:and
545:and
423:(in
365:Inca
311:and
284:Alps
264:Ngas
260:Mafa
219:The
181:east
175:and
142:Uses
128:rice
118:and
98:, a
3456:Rai
1953:Cut
1262:and
996:doi
930:doi
767:in
747:in
565:to
475:In
415:In
243:in
94:In
66:in
3823::
2212:*
1145:^
1129:15
1127:.
1081:.
1063:.
1002:.
944:.
936:.
926:73
924:.
920:.
883:.
858:.
668:,
614:,
610:,
427::
407:.
387:.
374:,
327:.
286:,
274:.
266:,
262:,
203:,
187:,
183:,
86:,
70:,
50:,
3114:e
3107:t
3100:v
2377:e
2370:t
2363:v
1816:)
1812:(
1275:)
1234:e
1227:t
1220:v
1139:.
1091:.
1067:.
1039:.
1012:.
998::
979:.
952:.
932::
868:.
787:.
672:.
618:.
357:,
163:)
90:.
74:.
54:.
38:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
