1080:
71:
1205:
1127:
83:
185:
their mythical âGrand-Motherâ who was endowed by God with the secrets of botanical medicine. Until as recently as three or four generations ago the Naso people led a remarkably autonomous existence. Dispersed among their clans and homesteads, and geographically isolated from most of the world, the Naso developed and nurtured their cultural self-sufficiency through the idiom and the institution of the family.
43:
229:, and many tribes were not able to survive both. Despite Spanish influence, the TĂ©rraba can trace their history back to specific events as early as the 1600s. The TĂ©rraba were able to maintain their culture, traditions and language in spite of the Spanish occupation and Catholic influence. They have recorded an extensive oral history to preserve it for future generations.
184:
The Naso (Teribe or TĂ©rraba) people have traditionally occupied the mountainous jungle regions of western Bocas del Toro where they continue to identify with the lands along the river that became known in the
Spanish speaking world as the Teribe or TjĂ«r Di in Naso. âDiâ means âwaterâ and 'TjĂ«r' is
606:
In Costa Rica, few native speakers remain, mostly elders. Intermarriage between the Costa Rica and Panama groups has brought some fluent speakers to live in the Costa Rica territories. As of 2012, the community in Costa Rica has brought in a teacher from Panama to reintroduce the language in the
483:
The tribe is governed by a king. The succession, according to tradition, would follow from the king to his brother, to the older son of the previous king. Since the 1980s, succession is based on the vote of the adult population. Typically, when there is a sense within the community that there is
255:
The work of Arroyo (1966) is probably the best linguistic work and dictionary of the TĂ©rraba language but more recent publications may exist. For a short bibliography on the TĂ©rraba language please refer to The
Newberry Libraryâs Indian Linguistics in the Edward E. Ayer collection, Volume 2.
276:
The
Spaniards wrote of Cocos Island, âAllĂ se hallaron ciertos Ădolos labrados de piedraâ. Lines (1940) claimed the same. That is, âcertain idols were found there , worked out of stone.â This indicates the visits of some native tribes before (or at the beginning of the) colonial era. The
298:
Missionaries led by Fray Pablo de
Rebullida and the Spanish military moved part of the TĂ©rraba population to the southwestern region of Costa Rica, near Boruca and the TĂ©rraba River. The town, San Francisco de TĂ©rraba, was founded in 1689. Its name was later shortened to TĂ©rraba.
496:
which traverses Naso territory. He was deposed in a civil uprising in the capital - Siey Llik - and forced into exile. His uncle is now considered the King of Naso by the majority of the tribe, although this state of affairs is yet to be recognized by the
Panamanian Government.
434:(population 30,000, two hours down river by raft or dugout canoe). While the Naso are isolated in geographic terms and receive few visitors to their communities, they are for the most part bilingual (Naso and Spanish), wear Western clothing, and many among them have converted to
241:, another group that shares its culture and history with the TĂ©rraba of Costa Rica. The Panamanian community has been able to entirely maintain the native language, and has assisted the smaller Costa Rican community by sending a professor to the area to help teach the language.
416:
The Naso, who now live in the province of Bocas del Toro, Panama, are for the most part very poor subsistence farmers who supplement their earnings with the sale of the agricultural products (cocoa, oranges, plantains, etc.), animals (pigs, chickens, ducks, etc.), lumber
319:
After a church was burned, the
Catholic priests decided that reducing the territory would conserve and protect the population. Within several years Pauline priests arrived to take over the TĂ©rraba community, but brought smallpox. The epidemic decimated the population.
284:
There is no detailed data about the TĂ©rraba before the year 1697. They numbered between 500 and 2000 persons then. Their men were described as being naked and distinct from other Costa Rican tribes by their fame as diligent workers. Their mortal enemies were the
277:
archaeological findings in
Heyerdahl (1966) confirm that the Galapagos Islands, at about the same distance from the continent, had similar visits by South American Indians. It is possible that the temporary homeland or a base port of one of the tribes was on
474:
In Costa Rica, TĂ©rraba lands are threatened by the DiquĂs Dam project, which would flood 10 percent of the land including important sacred sites and which would force the relocation of the approximately 600 indigenous Naso who live in the country.
450:
potential of the Naso peopleâs ancestral territory has attracted considerable international and national interest. Beginning in the 1980s the
Government of Panama transferred large sections of the region to its own system of protected areas
289:
that were mentioned in
Spanish documents at least from 1680, as living on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. In 1708-1709 the TĂ©rrabas also lived on the coast at Diquis, later called âGrande de TĂ©rraba.â They became very faithful Christians.
213:
The TĂ©rraba are a warrior people that trace its roots back to the pre-Columbian
ChiriquĂ civilization that dominated Costa Rica. The TĂ©rraba have a deeply spiritual relationship with the land and, especially, water. When the Spanish
209:
is the largest river in Costa Rica, in the province of Puntarenas, also known as River âDiquĂsâ that in their native dialect means âgreat water.â A significant part of the TĂ©rraba nation is living along the shores of the said river.
459:(PILA). In the year 2005, three major conservation and development projects were proposing to significantly reorganize local land use activities. These included a new law to recognize Naso territorial rights and jurisdiction in the
785:
Heyerdahl, Thor. âNotes on the Pre-European Coconut Groves on Cocos Island in (Reports of the) Norwegian Archaeological Expedition to Easter Island and the East Pacific,â Vol. 2. London: George Allen and Unwin Ltd.,
218:
arrived in the early 1500s, they found Costa Rica to be a harsh country with few resources to exploit. In comparison to other pre-colonial civilizations, there were few indigenous to use for labor.
438:
religions. The Costa Rica branch has been successful in gaining United Nations financial support to build tourism facilities including hostel/cabin housing with plumbing and improvement to trails.
467:-funded Biological Corridor project (CBMAP) promoting sustainable development in indigenous communities and protected areas, and a hydroelectric project sponsored by a Colombian utility company (
328:
Legislation to establish and protect the indigenous territories gave the TĂ©rraba the inalienable right to their traditional land, the use of their resources and some autonomy in self-governance.
488:), another member of the royal family may choose to stand for a public vote to see if they can replace the current king. In 2004 King Tito was deposed following his approval of a
396:, more than 8 miles (13 kilometers) from TĂ©rraba territory. ICE employees filmed and shouted at them in Buenos Aires, causing a confrontation that required police intervention.
890:
1115:
796:
Lines, J.A. âReciente hallazgo arquelĂłgico evidencia que la isla del Coco estuvo habitada en los tiempos prehistĂłricos.â San JosĂ©: Diario de Costa Rica, May 12, 1940.
544:
206:
562:
569:
237:
The traditional language, Teribe, is only spoken by a handful of people in the community. However, the efforts to recover it are supported by the Teribe of
485:
527:
538:
532:
883:
516:
511:
506:
556:
550:
522:
1311:
1108:
493:
876:
753:
364:
Indigenous communities began protesting against the DiquĂs Hydroelectric Project, which was then known as the Boruca Hydroelectric Project.
286:
1093:
842:
832:
336:
Costa Rica began promoting clearing forests to convert them to agricultural and pastoral lands. Much of the TĂ©rrabaâs forest was lost.
802:
Oviedo, Gonzalo FernĂĄndez de. âHistoria General y Natural de las Indias,â Tomo V, in âBiblioteca de Autores Españoles.â Madrid, 1959.
307:
The northern Indians attacked San Francisco de TĂ©rraba, burning it, killing the men and capturing the women, a day after an attack on
1301:
1101:
837:
249:
405:
1306:
819:
392:
to demand respect for their right to participate in decisions involving their lands. They marched all the way to the town of
1321:
468:
169:
372:
The title to the territory was amended and reduced without asking the TĂ©rraba, fragmenting the territory into blocks.
1066:
992:
603:, who is a supreme God and creator. Most Naso live in elevated wooden houses, with thatched or zinc-coated roofing.
1316:
1007:
145:
933:
456:
17:
1143:
1061:
621:
344:
The TĂ©rraba lost the right to own the minerals beneath the soil on their own land, under a new mining law.
1123:
1191:
799:
MelĂ©ndez, Carlos. âCosta Rica: Tierra y poblamiento en la colonia.â San JosĂ©: Editorial Costa Rica, 1978.
141:
460:
353:
380:
DiquĂs project workers moved to the region and started work without consulting the TĂ©rraba community.
997:
899:
808:
The Tiger and the Turbine: Indigenous Rights and Resource Management in the Naso Territory of Panama.
393:
201:
with a rich cultural heritage. Located on approximately 34.7 square miles (9,000 hectares) along the
1239:
1232:
987:
452:
1131:
982:
757:
248:. However, Heyerdahl (1966) and Lines (1940) support the old statement of (Gonzalo Fernandez de)
153:
775:
Arroyo, Victor Manuel. âLenguas IndĂgenas Costarricenses.â San JosĂ©: Editorial Costa Rica, 1966.
157:
389:
958:
591:
Most of the inhabitants in Panama speak the native language, although the majority also know
948:
938:
925:
278:
8:
1249:
943:
165:
311:, another local indigenous group. After the massacre, TĂ©rraba only had 300 people left.
1264:
1259:
868:
642:
1269:
1244:
1084:
815:
751:
On May 30, 2004, Tito lost a vote of confidence, but still claims the title of king.
596:
1025:
270:
168:. There are roughly 3,500 people who belong to the Naso tribe. It is one of the few
1227:
592:
588:
community. They pride themselves on their rich agriculture and their independence.
489:
430:, etc.) and some handicrafts which they transport to the relatively nearby city of
418:
205:, the TĂ©rraba have survived off the land for more than 500 years. The river called
104:
1161:
862:
202:
426:
100:
1186:
1254:
1166:
793:. Textos Sagrados. San José, C.R.: Fundación Coordinadora de Pastoral Aborigen.
661:. Textos Sagrados. San José, C.R.: Fundación Coordinadora de Pastoral Aborigen.
435:
599:. The Seventh-day Adventist Church, is very important. The traditional God is
484:
dissatisfaction with the current king (or sometimes queen, for instance queen
1295:
1281:
1210:
1151:
1030:
1020:
616:
120:
116:
847:
1156:
907:
245:
215:
1171:
789:
Instituto de Estudios de las Tradiciones Sagradas de Abia Yala, I. 2001.
657:
Instituto de Estudios de las Tradiciones Sagradas de Abia Yala, I. 2001.
431:
222:
408:â ICE) removed their equipment and suspended work in TĂ©rraba territory.
269:
The TĂ©rraba participated with the indigenous groups Ateos, Viceitas and
811:
806:
585:
464:
447:
198:
194:
161:
76:
857:
226:
173:
1045:
966:
915:
308:
600:
27:
Indigenous people of northwestern Panama and parts of Costa Rica
1176:
1135:
1035:
1015:
244:
Historians cannot tell why and how those native tribes visited
238:
149:
88:
388:
On Oct. 6, more than 150 TĂ©rraba and others marched along the
42:
859:
web site entitled âTeribe Indigenous Cultural Associationâ
707:
898:
252:
regarding such early visits. (See more under Timeline.)
273:
in the rebellion that destroyed Santiago of Salamanca.
193:
The TĂ©rraba, or Teribe, are an indigenous group in the
852:
779:
732:
1200:
352:Costa Rica recognized indigenous languages in its
1293:
1109:
884:
853:Site about culture of TĂ©rraba in Costa Rica
446:The enormous scientific, hydroelectric and
1116:
1102:
891:
877:
791:Narraciones Teribes: Nasoga LaiwĂŁk. Vol. 7
659:Narraciones Teribes: Nasoga LaiwĂŁk. Vol. 7
41:
726:
724:
595:. Very few of the Naso tribes adhere to
638:
636:
406:Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad
404:The Costa Rican Electricity Institute (
14:
1294:
1312:Indigenous peoples of Central America
1097:
872:
721:
584:The TĂ©rraba describe themselves as a
900:Ancestry and ethnicity in Costa Rica
633:
63:Regions with significant populations
172:or tribes that continues to have a
148:. They primarily live in northwest
24:
730:
553:- (April 25, 1982 - July 30, 1988)
25:
1333:
826:
170:Native American indigenous groups
1302:Indigenous peoples in Costa Rica
1203:
1125:
1078:
1008:Indigenous peoples of Costa Rica
559:- (July 30, 1988 - May 31, 1998)
500:
81:
69:
745:
712:
700:
691:
682:
673:
664:
651:
13:
1:
843:Maps of proposed Naso Comarca
469:Empresas PĂșblicas de MedellĂn
457:La Amistad International Park
1307:Indigenous peoples in Panama
622:Indigenous peoples of Panama
461:Panamanian National Assembly
7:
1322:Monarchies of North America
610:
478:
259:
232:
188:
142:indigenous people of Panama
10:
1338:
579:
411:
179:
1278:
1220:
1198:
1142:
1075:
1054:
1006:
975:
957:
924:
906:
547:- (1979 - April 25, 1982)
453:Palo Seco National Forest
115:
110:
99:
94:
67:
62:
57:
52:
40:
627:
441:
1317:Circum-Caribbean tribes
805:Paiement, Jason. 2009.
688:Meléndez, 1978: 132-135
160:as well as in southern
154:Bocas del Toro Province
47:Location of Naso people
1132:Ancestry and ethnicity
778:Elon iMedia. TĂ©rraba.
648:(retrieved 2 Dec 2011)
436:evangelical Protestant
390:inter-American highway
1085:Costa Rica portal
865:for the TĂ©rraba River
111:Related ethnic groups
782:. Accessed 1/22/2013
754:"Panama News Briefs"
718:Paiement 2009: 20-21
697:Paiement 2009: 19-20
221:The Spanish brought
158:Naso Tjër Di Comarca
565:- (May 31, 1998- )
197:region of southern
166:Puntarenas Province
37:
838:Naso photo gallery
780:http://terraba.org
573:- (May 30, 2004- )
281:in those decades.
33:
1289:
1288:
1091:
1090:
833:Naso Bibliography
820:978-3-639-14087-3
670:Paiement 2009: 18
607:village schools.
597:Roman Catholicism
528:Francisco Santana
279:Galapagos Islands
207:Grande de TĂ©rraba
126:
125:
16:(Redirected from
1329:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1130:
1129:
1128:
1118:
1111:
1104:
1095:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1081:
959:Afro-Costa Rican
893:
886:
879:
870:
869:
848:Crisis in Panama
769:
768:
766:
765:
756:. Archived from
749:
743:
742:
740:
739:
728:
719:
716:
710:
704:
698:
695:
689:
686:
680:
679:Oviedo, 1959: 97
677:
671:
668:
662:
655:
649:
640:
570:ValentĂn Santana
517:Santiago Santana
512:Santiago Santana
507:Bass Lee Santana
87:
85:
84:
75:
73:
72:
53:Total population
45:
38:
32:
21:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1326:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1274:
1216:
1209:
1204:
1202:
1196:
1138:
1126:
1124:
1122:
1092:
1087:
1079:
1077:
1071:
1050:
1002:
971:
953:
920:
902:
897:
829:
772:
763:
761:
752:
750:
746:
737:
735:
729:
722:
717:
713:
705:
701:
696:
692:
687:
683:
678:
674:
669:
665:
656:
652:
641:
634:
630:
613:
582:
503:
481:
444:
427:Cedrela odorata
421:ordia alliodora
414:
262:
235:
191:
182:
82:
80:
70:
68:
48:
35:
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1335:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1287:
1286:
1279:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1224:
1222:
1221:Non-Indigenous
1218:
1217:
1215:
1214:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1167:Embera-Wounaan
1164:
1159:
1154:
1148:
1146:
1140:
1139:
1121:
1120:
1113:
1106:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1012:
1010:
1004:
1003:
1001:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
979:
977:
973:
972:
970:
969:
963:
961:
955:
954:
952:
951:
946:
941:
936:
930:
928:
922:
921:
919:
918:
912:
910:
904:
903:
896:
895:
888:
881:
873:
867:
866:
860:
855:
850:
845:
840:
835:
828:
827:External links
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731:iMedia, Elon.
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624:
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612:
609:
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560:
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551:Rufina Santana
548:
545:Manuel Aguilar
542:
539:SimeĂłn Santana
536:
533:LĂĄzaro Santana
530:
525:
523:Chalee Santana
520:
514:
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499:
492:scheme on the
490:hydro electric
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477:
443:
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410:
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945:
942:
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935:
932:
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927:
923:
917:
914:
913:
911:
909:
905:
901:
894:
889:
887:
882:
880:
875:
874:
871:
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863:TĂ©rraba River
861:
858:
856:
854:
851:
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846:
844:
841:
839:
836:
834:
831:
830:
821:
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760:on 2006-08-14
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557:CĂ©sar Santana
555:
552:
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546:
543:
541:- (1973â1979)
540:
537:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
504:
501:List of Kings
498:
495:
491:
487:
476:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
439:
437:
433:
429:
428:
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409:
407:
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401:
397:
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361:
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350:
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305:
304:
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296:
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288:
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267:
266:
257:
253:
251:
247:
242:
240:
230:
228:
224:
219:
217:
216:Conquistadors
211:
208:
204:
203:TĂ©rraba River
200:
196:
186:
177:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
134:Teribe people
131:
122:
118:
114:
109:
106:
102:
98:
93:
90:
78:
66:
61:
56:
51:
44:
39:
19:
18:Teribe people
1280:
1181:
1040:
908:Costa Ricans
807:
790:
762:. Retrieved
758:the original
747:
736:. Retrieved
714:
702:
693:
684:
675:
666:
658:
653:
645:
605:
590:
583:
568:
563:Tito Santana
535:- (? - 1973)
494:Bonyic River
482:
473:
445:
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394:Buenos Aires
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30:Ethnic group
1192:NgöbeâBuglĂ©
998:Nicaraguans
708:TourTerraba
646:Ethnologue.
586:matriarchal
455:(BBPS) and
448:eco-tourism
432:Changuinola
223:Catholicism
1296:Categories
1144:Indigenous
988:Colombians
812:VDM Verlag
764:2006-05-29
738:2013-01-22
465:World Bank
287:Changuenes
199:Costa Rica
195:Puntarenas
162:Costa Rica
146:Costa Rica
77:Costa Rica
983:Americans
733:"TĂ©rraba"
643:"Teribe."
324:1956-1977
315:1845-1848
271:Cabecares
140:) are an
95:Languages
1233:Cimarron
993:Mexicans
976:Americas
926:European
611:See also
479:Politics
260:Timeline
233:Language
227:smallpox
189:Overview
174:monarchy
1265:Mexican
1260:Mestizo
1250:Italian
1240:Chinese
1228:African
1062:Chinese
1026:Cabécar
967:Mulatto
949:Swedish
944:Spanish
939:Italian
916:Mestizo
593:Spanish
580:Culture
412:Economy
309:Cabagra
180:History
164:in the
152:in the
138:Tjër Di
105:Spanish
1282:Portal
1255:Jewish
1245:Indian
1177:Movere
1162:Embera
1152:Bokota
1136:Panama
1055:Asians
1036:Movere
1031:Maleku
1021:Bribri
1016:Boruca
934:German
818:
486:Rufina
250:Oviedo
239:Panama
150:Panama
136:(also
121:Bribri
117:Boruca
101:Teribe
89:Panama
86:
74:
36:Teribe
1270:White
1187:NgÀbe
1157:Cueva
1046:NgÀbe
786:1966.
628:Notes
519:(son)
442:Lands
332:1970s
58:3,005
1182:Naso
1172:Guna
1067:Jews
1041:Naso
816:ISBN
601:Sibö
463:, a
400:2011
384:2009
376:2007
368:2004
360:2002
348:1999
340:1982
303:1761
294:1710
265:1610
225:and
156:and
144:and
130:Naso
128:The
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132:or
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