395:
379:
frequently used to describe this disorder, most histopathologic findings of studies have displayed no evidence of an acute, or a chronic inflammatory process. Histologic studies have demonstrated that this condition is the result of tendon degeneration, which causes normal tissue to be replaced by a disorganized arrangement of collagen. Therefore, the disorder is more appropriately referred to as "tendinosis" or "tendinopathy" rather than "tendinitis".
509:
are relatively avascular. Corticosteroids are drugs that reduce inflammation. Corticosteroids can be useful to relieve chronic tendinopathy pain, improve function, and reduce swelling in the short term. However, there is a greater risk of long-term recurrence. They are typically injected along with a small amount of a numbing drug called lidocaine. Research shows that tendons are weaker following corticosteroid injections.
432:(NSAIDs), rest, and gradual return to exercise is a common therapy. A meta-analysis revealed that exercise using weights or a resistance band is more effective than using bodyweight alone. In addition, having rest days is more effective than exercising every day. Resting assists in the prevention of further damage to the tendon. Ice, compression and elevation are also frequently recommended.
500:
For example, the majority of patients with
Achilles tendinopathy in a general population-based study did not associate their condition with a sporting activity. In another study the population incidence of Achilles tendinopathy increased sixfold from 1979–1986 to 1987–1994. The incidence of rotator cuff tendinopathy ranges from 0.3% to 5.5% and annual prevalence from 0.5% to 7.4%.
440:, orthotics or braces may also be useful. Initial recovery is typically within two to three days and full recovery is within three to six months. Tendinosis occurs as the acute phase of healing has ended (six to eight weeks) but has left the area insufficiently healed. Treatment of tendinitis helps reduce some of the risks of developing tendinosis, which takes longer to heal.
499:
injury and resulting tendinopathy are responsible for up to 30% of consultations to sports doctors and other musculoskeletal health providers. Tendinopathy is most often seen in tendons of athletes either before or after an injury but is becoming more common in non-athletes and sedentary populations.
467:
Steroid injections have not been shown to have long term benefits for tendonitis, but appear to improve pain and function in the short term more effectively than other treatments except NSAIDs. They appear to have little benefit in tendinitis of the rotator cuff. There are some concerns that they may
302:
are associated with increased risk of tendinitis and tendon rupture. A 2013 review found the incidence of tendon injury among those taking fluoroquinolones to be between 0.08 and 0.2%. Fluoroquinolones most frequently affect large load-bearing tendons in the lower limb, especially the
Achilles tendon
508:
Tendinitis is a very common, but misleading term. By definition, the suffix "-itis" means "inflammation of". Inflammation is the body's local response to tissue damage which involves red blood cells, white blood cells, blood proteins with dilation of blood vessels around the site of injury. Tendons
419:
Ultrasound imaging can be used to evaluate tissue strain, as well as other mechanical properties. Ultrasound-based techniques are becoming more popular because of its affordability, safety, and speed. Ultrasound can be used for imaging tissues, and the sound waves can also provide information about
410:
around the inflamed tendon. In some cases, swelling occurs along with heat and redness, and there may be visible knots surrounding the joint. With this condition, the pain is usually worse during and after activity, and the tendon and joint area can become stiff the following day as muscles tighten
385:
Load-induced non-rupture tendinopathy in humans is associated with an increase in the ratio of collagen III:I proteins, a shift from large to small diameter collagen fibrils, buckling of the collagen fascicles in the tendon extracellular matrix, and buckling of the tenocyte cells and their nuclei.
378:
Longitudinal sonogram of the lateral elbow displays thickening and heterogeneity of the common extensor tendon that is consistent with tendinosis, as the ultrasound reveals calcifications, intrasubstance tears, and marked irregularity of the lateral epicondyle. Although the term "epicondylitis" is
342:
appears to play a role, the relationships among changes to the structure of tissue, the function of tendons, and pain are not understood and there are several competing models, none of which have been fully validated or falsified. Molecular mechanisms involved in inflammation includes release of
351:
There are multifactorial theories that could include: tensile overload, tenocyte related collagen synthesis disruption, load-induced ischemia, neural sprouting, thermal damage, and adaptive compressive responses. The intratendinous sliding motion of fascicles and shear force at interfaces of
64:
355:
The most commonly accepted cause for this condition is seen to be an overuse syndrome in combination with intrinsic and extrinsic factors leading to what may be seen as a progressive interference or the failing of the innate healing response. Tendinopathy involves cellular apoptosis, matrix
347:
and causes extracellular matrix degradation in the tendon. In a 2020 systematic review, it was noted that while various inflammatory markers were present in two thirds of the reviewed articles, the heterogenicity of data and lack of comparable studies meant no conclusion about a common
480:, skin derived fibroblasts etc.) for treating Achilles tendinopathy. As of 2014 there was insufficient evidence to support the use of platelet-rich therapies for treating musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries such as ligament, muscle and tendon tears and tendinopathies.
1548:
Maffulli N, Ewen SW, Waterston SW, Reaper J, Barrass V (2000). "Tenocytes from ruptured and tendinopathic achilles tendons produce greater quantities of type III collagen than tenocytes from normal achilles tendons. An in vitro model of human tendon healing".
363:
For chronic tennis elbow, histological findings include granulation tissue, microrupture, degenerative changes, and there is no traditional inflammation. As a consequence, "lateral elbow tendinopathy or tendinosis" is used instead of
247:
or surgery may be done. About 80% of overuse tendinopathy patients recover completely within six months. Tendinopathy is relatively common. Older people are more commonly affected. It results in a large amount of missed work.
2911:
Rowe V, Hemmings S, Barton C, Malliaras P, Maffulli N, Morrissey D (November 2012). "Conservative management of midportion
Achilles tendinopathy: a mixed methods study, integrating systematic review and clinical reasoning".
359:
Classic characteristics of "tendinosis" include degenerative changes in the collagenous matrix, hypercellularity, hypervascularity, and a lack of inflammatory cells which has challenged the original misnomer "tendinitis".
2172:
Dean BJ, Lostis E, Oakley T, Rombach I, Morrey ME, Carr AJ (February 2014). "The risks and benefits of glucocorticoid treatment for tendinopathy: a systematic review of the effects of local glucocorticoid on tendon".
3032:
3017:
3002:
2111:
Conclusions: Steroid injections are well tolerated and more effective for tendonitis in the short-term than pooled other treatments, though similar to NSAIDs. No long-term benefit was shown.
975:
FDA Drug Safety
Communication: FDA advises restricting fluoroquinolone antibiotic use for certain uncomplicated infections; warns about disabling side effects that can occur
583:
is a horseman's term for tendinitis (inflammation) and tendinosis (degeneration), most commonly seen in the superficial digital flexor tendon in the front leg of horses.
411:
from the movement of the tendon. Many patients report stressful situations in their life in correlation with the beginnings of pain which may contribute to the symptoms.
476:
There is insufficient evidence on the routine use of injection therapies (autologous blood, platelet-rich plasma, deproteinised haemodialysate, aprotinin, polysulphated
1971:
Tumilty S, Munn J, McDonough S, Hurley DA, Basford JR, Baxter GD (February 2010). "Low level laser treatment of tendinopathy: a systematic review with meta-analysis".
447:
may also be beneficial in treating tendinopathy. The effects of deep transverse friction massage for treating tennis elbow and lateral knee tendinitis is unclear.
382:
Colour
Doppler ultrasound reveals structural tendon changes, with vascularity and hypo-echoic areas that correspond to the areas of pain in the extensor origin.
268:
Causes may include an injury or repetitive activities. Groups at risk include people who do manual labor, musicians, and athletes. Less common causes include
1888:
Pavlova AV, Shim JS, Moss R, Maclean C, Brandie D, Mitchell L, Greig L, Parkinson E, Alexander L, Brown VT, Morrissey D, Cooper K, Swinton PA (2023-10-01).
1452:
du Toit C, Stieler M, Saunders R, Bisset L, Vicenzino B (2008). "Diagnostic accuracy of power
Doppler ultrasound in patients with chronic tennis elbow".
165:
disorder that results in pain, swelling, and impaired function. The pain is typically worse with movement. It most commonly occurs around the shoulder (
3408:
2949:"Current and future regenerative medicine - principles, concepts, and therapeutic use of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering in equine medicine"
2714:
Schett G, Lories RJ, D'Agostino MA, Elewaut D, Kirkham B, Soriano ER, McGonagle D (November 2017). "Enthesitis: from pathophysiology to treatment".
3146:
512:
Tendinitis is still a very common diagnosis, though research increasingly documents that what is thought to be tendinitis is usually tendinosis.
1690:
Zeisig E, Öhberg L, Alfredson H (2006). "Sclerosing polidocanol injections in chronic painful tennis elbow-promising results in a pilot study".
368:". Examination of pathologic tennis elbow tissue reveals noninflammatory tissue, so the term "angiofibroblastic tendinosis" is also used.
488:
Initial recovery from overuse tendinosus is usually within two to three months, and 80% will recover fully within three to six months.
2209:
216:
medicines. Groups at risk include people who do manual labor, musicians, and athletes. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms,
2073:"Efficacy and safety of steroid injections for shoulder and elbow tendonitis: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials"
1743:"3-D ultrastructure and collagen composition of healthy and overloaded human tendon: evidence of tenocyte and matrix buckling"
429:
1945:
3398:
3139:
986:
Stephenson AL, Wu W, Cortes D, Rochon PA (September 2013). "Tendon Injury and
Fluoroquinolone Use: A Systematic Review".
565:
patches) applied over the area of maximal tenderness was found to reduce pain and increase range of motion and strength.
455:
NSAIDs may be used to help with pain. They however do not alter long term outcomes. Other types of pain medication, like
352:
fascicles could be an important mechanical factor for the development of tendinopathy and predispose tendons to rupture.
3281:
562:
2311:"Assessing health needs in primary care. Morbidity study from general practice provides another source of information"
1078:
Millar NL, Murrell GA, McInnes IB (25 January 2017). "Inflammatory mechanisms in tendinopathy - towards translation".
628:
1274:"Lubricin in Human Achilles Tendon: The Evidence of Intratendinous Sliding Motion and Shear Force in Achilles Tendon"
1890:"Effect of resistance exercise dose components for tendinopathy management: a systematic review with meta-analysis"
1405:
1170:
Millar NL, Murrell GA, McInnes IB (2017-01-25). "Inflammatory mechanisms in tendinopathy - towards translation".
3132:
2464:
Littlewood C, May S, Walters S (2013-10-01). "Epidemiology of rotator cuff tendinopathy: a systematic review".
1643:"Sonographically guided percutaneous needle tenotomy for treatment of common extensor tendinosis in the elbow"
3403:
3246:
2407:
816:"Time to abandon the "tendinitis" myth: Painful, overuse tendon conditions have a non-inflammatory pathology"
569:
3011:
2125:"Corticosteroid Injections Give Small and Transient Pain Relief in Rotator Cuff Tendinosis: A Meta-analysis"
733:
3606:
3225:
2014:
Loew LM, Brosseau L, Tugwell P, Wells GA, Welch V, Shea B, Poitras S, De
Angelis G, Rahman P (2014-11-08).
1123:"Revisiting the continuum model of tendon pathology: what is its merit in clinical practice and research?"
788:
759:
3566:
1399:
Abate M, Silbernagel KG, Siljeholm C, Di Iorio A, De Amicis D, Salini V, Werner S, Paganelli R (2009).
394:
17:
3616:
3443:
3047:
589:, derived from a horse's bone marrow or fat, are currently being used for tendon repair in horses.
3576:
3296:
2806:
444:
166:
2606:
International
Journal of Therapeutic Massage & Bodywork: Research, Education, & Practice
548:, inflammation of the bony attachment, generally associated with overuse among growing children.
343:
inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β which reduces the expression of type I collagen mRNA in human
3611:
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8:
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2016:"Deep transverse friction massage for treating lateral elbow or lateral knee tendinitis"
1922:
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2015:
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89:
1741:
Pingel J, Lu Y, Starborg T, Fredberg U, Langberg H, Nedergaard A, et al. (2014).
1526:
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1821:
1772:
1715:
1707:
1664:
1623:
1594:"A review on the use of cell therapy in the treatment of tendon disease and injuries"
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1434:
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107:
79:
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2743:
2493:
2000:
1727:
1676:
1578:
1307:
1207:
1107:
1015:
935:"Is adiposity an under-recognized risk factor for tendinopathy? A systematic review"
3301:
2960:
2921:
2883:
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2836:
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2613:
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2092:
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2031:
2027:
1980:
1953:
1917:
1901:
1860:
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1811:
1807:
1803:
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1754:
1699:
1654:
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1234:
1179:
1142:
1134:
1087:
1042:
995:
946:
892:
872:
835:
827:
526:, the sites where tendons or ligaments insert into the bone. It is associated with
433:
182:
192:
Causes may include an injury or repetitive activities. Less common causes include
3318:
3052:
2560:
2421:
Leppilahti J, Puranen J, Orava S (1996). "Incidence of
Achilles tendon rupture".
2375:
1905:
1562:
1138:
403:
335:
281:
221:
205:
117:
71:
1659:
1642:
1322:
3458:
3258:
3232:
3194:
3063:
2664:
2326:
1957:
1841:"Strain-induced damage reduces echo intensity changes in tendon during loading"
3026:
2840:
2770:
2434:
2140:
1703:
1239:
999:
3621:
3600:
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3313:
3211:
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2879:
2727:
2568:
2485:
2442:
2039:
1913:
1711:
1609:
1483:
1465:
1223:"A systematic review of inflammatory cells and markers in human tendinopathy"
1191:
1183:
1091:
1056:
1047:
1030:
876:
831:
296:
or fatness, has also been linked to an increasing incidence of tendinopathy.
240:
217:
132:
113:
37:
2602:"Tendinopathy: Why the Difference Between Tendinitis and Tendinosis Matters"
2088:
760:"Fluoroquinolones and risk of Achilles tendon disorders: case-control study"
629:"Common overuse tendon problems: A review and recommendations for treatment"
3581:
3554:
3423:
3369:
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339:
225:
174:
2450:
2344:
1984:
1889:
1534:
3558:
3093:
2360:"Incidence of midportion Achilles tendinopathy in the general population"
906:
Nirschl RP, Ashman ES (2004). "Tennis elbow tendinosis (epicondylitis)".
545:
456:
228:
remains, with the underlying problem related to weak or disrupted tendon
3124:
2994:
1790:
Duenwald S, Kobayashi H, Frisch K, Lakes R, Vanderby R (February 2011).
3492:
3488:
3468:
3374:
1474:
519:
371:
Cultures from tendinopathic tendons contain an increased production of
288:. Successful treatments include rehabilitation therapy and/or surgery.
2477:
2384:
1758:
1350:"Deciphering the pathogenesis of tendinopathy: a three-stages process"
1290:
1273:
951:
934:
863:
Rees JD, Maffulli N, Cook J (Sep 2009). "Management of tendinopathy".
3525:
3180:
3104:
3069:
793:
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
738:
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
709:
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
293:
273:
269:
197:
193:
139:
33:
2260:
Moraes VY, Lenza M, Tamaoki MJ, Faloppa F, Belloti JC (2014-04-29).
3266:
1946:"Weights, resistance bands and rest days are best for tendinopathy"
1419:
523:
344:
285:
209:
2123:
Mohamadi A, Chan JJ, Claessen FM, Ring D, Chen NC (January 2017).
63:
3074:
2713:
1398:
527:
289:
229:
2359:
3517:
3021:
3006:
1401:"Pathogenesis of tendinopathies: inflammation or degeneration?"
814:
Khan KM, Cook JL, Kannus P, Maffulli N, Bonar SF (2002-03-16).
496:
236:
162:
128:
428:
Treatment of tendon injuries is largely conservative. Use of
407:
2827:
Hendrix CL (2005). "Calcaneal apophysitis (Sever disease)".
1789:
1513:
Nirschl RP (October 1992). "Elbow tendinosis/tennis elbow".
1451:
2910:
2208:
Kearney RS, Parsons N, Metcalfe D, Costa ML (26 May 2015).
2207:
2070:
1838:
1792:"Ultrasound echo is related to stress and strain in tendon"
1547:
277:
257:
201:
1970:
2259:
2308:
2122:
2013:
1740:
985:
256:
Symptoms include tenderness on palpation, swelling, and
2171:
2071:
Gaujoux-Viala C, Dougados M, Gossec L (December 2009).
572:
exercises involving lengthening muscular contractions.
2650:
2420:
1887:
1640:
1121:
Cook JL, Rio E, Purdam CR, Docking SI (October 2016).
813:
2651:
D'Agostino MA, Olivieri I (June 2006). "Enthesitis".
1689:
260:, often when exercising or with a specific movement.
2984:
2463:
1641:
McShane JM, Nazarian LN, Harwood MI (October 2006).
1169:
1120:
1077:
303:
which ruptures in approximately 30 to 40% of cases.
2410:
from the original on Oct 9, 2023 – via RePub.
1839:Duenwald-Kuehl S, Lakes R, Vanderby R (June 2012).
144:
80% better within 6 months for overuse tendinopathy
2653:Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology
1445:
398:Diagram illustrating tendonitis and tendon rupture
3409:Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration
1348:Fu SC, Rolf C, Cheuk YC, Lui PP, Chan KM (2010).
932:
3598:
2785:
1683:
1591:
862:
515:Anatomically close but separate conditions are:
402:Symptoms can vary from aches or pains and local
2542:
2309:McCormick A, Charlton J, Fleming D (Jun 1995).
2210:"Injection therapies for Achilles tendinopathy"
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2757:Schmitt SK (June 2017). "Reactive Arthritis".
2536:
1692:Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
1347:
979:
3140:
2946:
1320:
905:
728:
726:
348:pathophysiology from this systematic review.
2940:
2820:
1964:
1832:
1783:
1734:
1634:
1585:
1541:
1392:
1341:
933:Gaida JE, Ashe MC, Bass SL, Cook JL (2009).
783:
781:
338:of tendinopathy is poorly understood. While
2759:Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
2750:
2217:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1506:
899:
3147:
3133:
2864:"Using nitric oxide to treat tendinopathy"
2799:
2707:
2129:Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research
723:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
626:
622:
102:Injury from repetitive activities, overuse
3154:
2964:
2904:
2887:
2829:Clinics in Podiatric Medicine and Surgery
2627:
2617:
2576:
2401:
2383:
2334:
2285:
2262:"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"
2236:
2148:
2096:
2047:
1921:
1864:
1815:
1766:
1658:
1617:
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1418:
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671:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
608:
606:
604:
602:
224:. A few weeks following an injury little
3195:Stenosing tenosynovitis (Trigger finger)
2793:"OrthoKids - Osgood-Schlatter's Disease"
2545:"Tendons - time to revisit inflammation"
2357:
1354:Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol
406:, to a burning that surrounds the whole
393:
356:disorganization and neovascularization.
2861:
2826:
2756:
2020:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
1512:
967:
522:, wherein there is inflammation of the
14:
3599:
752:
668:
599:
3128:
1220:
1028:
430:non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
251:
185:, popliteus tendinopathy), or ankle (
2659:(3). Clinical Rheumatology: 473–86.
2599:
2175:Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism
1592:Ho JO, Sawadkar P, Mudera V (2014).
420:the mechanical state of the tissue.
3399:Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder
2947:Koch TG, Berg LC, Betts DH (2009).
2543:Rees JD, Stride M, Scott A (2013).
1271:
471:
24:
2549:British Journal of Sports Medicine
1894:British Journal of Sports Medicine
1454:British Journal of Sports Medicine
1127:British Journal of Sports Medicine
414:
329:
25:
3633:
1031:"Mini-Review: Toxic Tendinopathy"
443:There is tentative evidence that
2926:10.2165/11635410-000000000-00000
2358:de Jonge S, et al. (2011).
2187:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2013.08.006
1406:Arthritis Research & Therapy
575:
62:
2855:
2679:
2644:
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2500:
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2414:
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2302:
2253:
2201:
2165:
2116:
2064:
2007:
1973:Photomedicine and Laser Surgery
1938:
1881:
1314:
1265:
1214:
1163:
1114:
1071:
1022:
627:Wilson JJ, Best TM (Sep 2005).
491:
2423:Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica
2278:10.1002/14651858.cd010071.pub3
2229:10.1002/14651858.CD010960.pub2
2032:10.1002/14651858.cd003528.pub2
1857:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.04.004
1808:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.09.033
926:
856:
807:
503:
13:
1:
3404:Shoulder impingement syndrome
3247:Tenosynovial giant cell tumor
1527:10.1016/S0278-5919(20)30489-0
1221:Jomaa G, et al. (2020).
592:
568:A promising therapy involves
3226:Synovial osteochondromatosis
2561:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091957
2376:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090342
1906:10.1136/bjsports-2022-105754
1563:10.1177/03635465000280040901
1321:Charnoff J, Naqvi U (2017).
1272:Sun YL, et al. (2015).
1172:Nature Reviews. Rheumatology
1139:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095422
1080:Nature Reviews. Rheumatology
483:
423:
389:
235:Treatment may include rest,
74:(a commonly affected tendon)
7:
2716:Nature Reviews Rheumatology
1660:10.7863/jum.2006.25.10.1281
552:
462:
457:paracetamol (acetaminophen)
10:
3640:
2665:10.1016/j.berh.2006.03.007
2327:10.1136/bmj.310.6993.1534d
2266:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
1958:10.3310/nihrevidence_61938
31:
27:Inflammation of the tendon
3553:
3516:
3509:
3477:
3432:
3387:
3368:
3347:
3338:
3257:
3171:
3162:
3084:
2988:
2841:10.1016/j.cpm.2004.08.011
2771:10.1016/j.idc.2017.01.002
2435:10.3109/17453679608994688
2141:10.1007/s11999-016-5002-1
1704:10.1007/s00167-006-0156-0
1323:"Tendinosis (Tendinitis)"
1240:10.1186/s12891-020-3094-y
1000:10.1007/s40264-013-0089-8
636:American Family Physician
459:, may be just as useful.
450:
148:
138:
123:
106:
98:
88:
78:
70:
61:
53:
48:
3444:Iliotibial band syndrome
2880:10.1136/bjsm.2006.034447
2728:10.1038/nrrheum.2017.188
1610:10.1177/2041731414549678
1466:10.1136/bjsm.2007.043901
1227:BMC Musculoskelet Disord
1184:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.213
1092:10.1038/nrrheum.2016.213
1048:10.1177/0192623317711614
877:10.1177/0363546508324283
832:10.1136/bmj.324.7338.626
306:
292:, or more specifically,
263:
32:Not to be confused with
3577:Aggressive fibromatosis
3567:Dupuytren's contracture
2089:10.1136/ard.2008.099572
764:British Medical Journal
468:have negative effects.
445:low-level laser therapy
167:rotator cuff tendinitis
3241:villonodular synovitis
2619:10.3822/ijtmb.v5i1.153
1367:10.1186/1758-2555-2-30
1029:Bolon B (2017-01-01).
587:Mesenchymal stem cells
532:ankylosing spondylitis
530:arthropathies such as
399:
3156:Soft tissue disorders
1985:10.1089/pho.2008.2470
1035:Toxicologic Pathology
397:
366:lateral epicondylitis
300:Quinolone antibiotics
181:), wrist, hip, knee (
3572:Plantar fibromatosis
3200:De Quervain syndrome
2466:Shoulder & Elbow
1952:. 15 February 2024.
1604:: 2041731414549678.
438:occupational therapy
214:quinolone antibiotic
3607:Disorders of fascia
3454:Achilles tendinitis
3449:Patellar tendinitis
3220:osteochondromatosis
3207:Transient synovitis
3190:Calcific tendinitis
2862:Murrell GA (2007).
2694:The Free Dictionary
2530:The Free Dictionary
2512:The Free Dictionary
563:glyceryl trinitrate
536:psoriatic arthritis
323:Patellar tendinitis
318:Calcific tendinitis
313:Achilles tendinitis
220:, and occasionally
187:Achilles tendinitis
112:Based on symptoms,
3355:Ligamentous laxity
3085:External resources
540:reactive arthritis
400:
252:Signs and symptoms
245:steroid injections
3594:
3593:
3590:
3589:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3414:Rotator cuff tear
3334:
3333:
3326:Calcific bursitis
3119:
3118:
2807:"Sever's Disease"
2555:(21): 1553–1557.
2478:10.1111/sae.12028
1900:(20): 1327–1334.
1759:10.1111/joa.12164
1698:(11): 1218–1224.
1291:10.1002/jor.22897
973:FDA May 12, 2016
952:10.1002/art.24518
908:Instr Course Lect
570:eccentric loading
561:delivery system (
478:glycosaminoglycan
373:type III collagen
239:, splinting, and
171:biceps tendinitis
156:
155:
108:Diagnostic method
43:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
3629:
3617:Overuse injuries
3514:
3513:
3482:
3437:
3392:
3385:
3384:
3345:
3344:
3169:
3168:
3149:
3142:
3135:
3126:
3125:
2986:
2985:
2979:
2978:
2968:
2944:
2938:
2937:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2891:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2835:(1): 55–62, vi.
2824:
2818:
2817:
2815:
2814:
2809:. Kidshealth.org
2803:
2797:
2796:
2789:
2783:
2782:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2711:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2683:
2677:
2676:
2648:
2642:
2641:
2631:
2621:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2580:
2540:
2534:
2533:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2461:
2455:
2454:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2405:
2387:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2338:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2289:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2240:
2214:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2152:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2100:
2068:
2062:
2061:
2051:
2026:(11): CD003528.
2011:
2005:
2004:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1868:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1819:
1787:
1781:
1780:
1770:
1738:
1732:
1731:
1687:
1681:
1680:
1662:
1647:J Ultrasound Med
1638:
1632:
1631:
1621:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1477:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1432:
1422:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1293:
1269:
1263:
1262:
1252:
1242:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1150:
1118:
1112:
1111:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1050:
1026:
1020:
1019:
983:
977:
971:
965:
964:
954:
930:
924:
923:
903:
897:
896:
860:
854:
853:
843:
811:
805:
804:
802:
800:
785:
776:
775:
773:
771:
756:
750:
749:
747:
745:
730:
721:
720:
718:
716:
711:. September 2021
701:
666:
665:
663:
662:
656:
650:. Archived from
633:
624:
472:Other injections
434:Physical therapy
334:As of 2016, the
243:. Less commonly
66:
46:
45:
21:
3639:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3627:
3626:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3586:
3549:
3497:
3478:
3473:
3433:
3428:
3388:
3378:
3373:
3364:
3340:
3330:
3253:
3164:
3158:
3153:
3122:
3120:
3115:
3114:
3080:
3079:
2997:
2983:
2982:
2945:
2941:
2909:
2905:
2868:Br J Sports Med
2860:
2856:
2825:
2821:
2812:
2810:
2805:
2804:
2800:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2755:
2751:
2722:(12): 731–741.
2712:
2708:
2699:
2697:
2685:
2684:
2680:
2649:
2645:
2600:Bass L (2012).
2598:
2594:
2541:
2537:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2506:
2505:
2501:
2462:
2458:
2419:
2415:
2364:Br J Sports Med
2356:
2352:
2307:
2303:
2272:(4): CD010071.
2258:
2254:
2223:(5): CD010960.
2212:
2206:
2202:
2170:
2166:
2121:
2117:
2077:Ann. Rheum. Dis
2069:
2065:
2012:
2008:
1969:
1965:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1886:
1882:
1837:
1833:
1788:
1784:
1739:
1735:
1688:
1684:
1639:
1635:
1590:
1586:
1551:Am J Sports Med
1546:
1542:
1515:Clin Sports Med
1511:
1507:
1460:(11): 572–576.
1450:
1446:
1397:
1393:
1346:
1342:
1319:
1315:
1270:
1266:
1219:
1215:
1168:
1164:
1133:(19): 1187–91.
1119:
1115:
1076:
1072:
1027:
1023:
984:
980:
972:
968:
939:Arthritis Rheum
931:
927:
904:
900:
865:Am J Sports Med
861:
857:
826:(7338): 626–7.
812:
808:
798:
796:
795:. 12 April 2017
787:
786:
779:
769:
767:
758:
757:
753:
743:
741:
740:. 12 April 2017
732:
731:
724:
714:
712:
703:
702:
669:
660:
658:
654:
631:
625:
600:
595:
578:
555:
506:
494:
486:
474:
465:
453:
426:
417:
415:Medical imaging
404:joint stiffness
392:
336:pathophysiology
332:
330:Pathophysiology
325:(jumper's knee)
309:
282:thyroid disease
266:
254:
222:medical imaging
212:and the use of
206:thyroid disease
118:medical imaging
72:Achilles tendon
44:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3637:
3636:
3625:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3579:
3574:
3569:
3563:
3561:
3551:
3550:
3548:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3522:
3520:
3511:
3507:
3506:
3503:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3495:
3485:
3483:
3480:other/general:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3459:Calcaneal spur
3456:
3451:
3446:
3440:
3438:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
3419:Golfer's elbow
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3382:
3366:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3357:
3351:
3349:
3342:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3323:
3322:
3321:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3297:Retrocalcaneal
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3263:
3261:
3255:
3254:
3252:
3251:
3250:
3249:
3236:
3235:
3233:Plica syndrome
3230:
3229:
3228:
3215:
3214:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3177:
3175:
3166:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3151:
3144:
3137:
3129:
3117:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3101:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3081:
3078:
3077:
3066:
3055:
3044:
3029:
3014:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2990:
2989:Classification
2981:
2980:
2939:
2920:(11): 941–67.
2903:
2854:
2819:
2798:
2784:
2765:(2): 265–277.
2749:
2706:
2686:"Enthesitis".
2678:
2643:
2592:
2535:
2517:
2508:"Inflammation"
2499:
2472:(4): 256–265.
2456:
2429:(3): 277–279.
2413:
2370:(13): 1026–8.
2350:
2321:(6993): 1534.
2301:
2252:
2200:
2164:
2135:(1): 232–243.
2115:
2083:(12): 1843–9.
2063:
2006:
1963:
1937:
1880:
1851:(9): 1607–11.
1831:
1782:
1733:
1682:
1653:(10): 1281–9.
1633:
1584:
1557:(4): 499–505.
1540:
1505:
1444:
1420:10.1186/ar2723
1391:
1340:
1313:
1264:
1213:
1178:(2): 110–122.
1162:
1113:
1086:(2): 110–122.
1070:
1041:(7): 834–837.
1021:
978:
966:
925:
898:
871:(9): 1855–67.
855:
806:
777:
751:
722:
667:
597:
596:
594:
591:
577:
574:
554:
551:
550:
549:
543:
505:
502:
493:
490:
485:
482:
473:
470:
464:
461:
452:
449:
425:
422:
416:
413:
391:
388:
331:
328:
327:
326:
320:
315:
308:
305:
265:
262:
253:
250:
179:golfer's elbow
154:
153:
150:
146:
145:
142:
136:
135:
125:
121:
120:
110:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
94:Pain, swelling
92:
86:
85:
82:
76:
75:
68:
67:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3635:
3634:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3612:Inflammations
3610:
3608:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3583:
3580:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3570:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3527:
3524:
3523:
3521:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3494:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3476:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3464:Metatarsalgia
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3431:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3367:
3361:
3360:Hypermobility
3358:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3346:
3343:
3337:
3327:
3324:
3320:
3317:
3316:
3315:
3314:Synovial cyst
3312:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3260:
3256:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3217:
3216:
3213:
3212:Ganglion cyst
3210:
3208:
3205:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3185:Tenosynovitis
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3167:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3145:
3143:
3138:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3111:
3107:
3106:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3095:
3091:
3090:
3087:
3083:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3060:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3013:
3009:
3008:
3004:
3000:
2999:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2976:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2959:(2): 155–65.
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2935:
2931:
2927:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2899:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2881:
2877:
2874:(4): 227–31.
2873:
2869:
2865:
2858:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2808:
2802:
2794:
2788:
2780:
2776:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2753:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2721:
2717:
2710:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2682:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2647:
2639:
2635:
2630:
2625:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2596:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2531:
2527:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2346:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2256:
2248:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2211:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2067:
2059:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2010:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1967:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1950:NIHR Evidence
1947:
1941:
1933:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1876:
1872:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1753:(5): 548–55.
1752:
1748:
1744:
1737:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1686:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1637:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1588:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1544:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1521:(4): 851–70.
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