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282:. The elaborate headdress worn by the figure contains glyphs that identify him as âchan-bahlum.â It is unlikely that this refers to Kan B'alam II because he is thought to be represented by the figure of God K. Because Kan B'alam II, great-great-grandson of Kan B'alam I, finished the decoration of the Temple of Inscriptions, this can be seen as an effort to reinforce the legitimacy of his claim to the throne; he is emphasizing his relationship to his ancestor and namesake, as well as his relationship to his father and grandmother.
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100:. Within Palenque, the Temple of the Inscriptions is located in an area known as the Temple of the Inscriptionsâ Court and stands at a right angle to the Southeast of the Palace. The Temple of the Inscriptions has been significant in the study of the ancient Maya, owing to the extraordinary sample of hieroglyphic text found on the Inscription Tablets, the impressive sculptural panels on the piers of the building, and the finds inside the tomb of Pakal.
322:, and constitute one of the longest known Maya inscriptions (617 glyphs). Columns E through F mark the beginning of a record of various events in Pakal's life that continues until the last two columns on the tablets, which announce his death and name Kan B'alam II as his heir. All of the tablets, excluding the final two columns, were completed during Pakal's lifetime.
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sculpture. A thin coat of light red paint would have been applied to all of the stucco sculpture as a sort of background coloring while the stucco was still wet, binding the color to the building. Because the temple was repeatedly repainted, one can observe layers of pigment between layers of stucco.
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Pier D provides the evidence that the âbabyâ figure is, in fact, God K. In this depiction of the âbabyâ figure, it wears an âaxeâ or âflareâ including a mirror (visible below the feathers of the standing figureâs headdress), something characteristic of God K. The figure on this pier is more complete
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It is thought that the figure held by the human figure is God K, although his characteristic âflared foreheadâ is only visible on Pier D. The figure of God K, often described as an âinfantâ or âchild,â has one human leg and one serpent-leg. The human leg ends in a six-toed foot that is cradled by
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The Temple of
Inscriptions gets its name from three hieroglyphic tablets, known as the East Tablet, the Central Tablet, and the West Tablet, on the temple's inner walls. These tablets emphasize the idea that events that happened in the past will be repeated on the same calendar date, a theme also
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The human figure is actually life size (165 cm tall), but its position and perspective make it appear much larger. It wears an elaborate feather headdress, a jaguar skin skirt, and a belt. The figure also used to wear a loincloth and a short beaded cape, but due to damage those are largely
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Pier F has only one glyph block that remains today. It contains glyphs for what is thought to be a title, translated as âdead rabbitâ, followed by the title and name âKinich Kan-B'alam,â after which comes an unknown glyph (possibly another title), and the glyph for
Palenque.
261:. The fact that this âumbilical cordâ connects the figure on Pier C to Pakalâs tomb (and by extension, Pakal himself) supports the identification of the figure as Lady Zac-Kuk. The umbilical cord can then be interpreted as a reference to the royal bloodline.
375:(represented by a cross) which, in turn, holds a Serpent in its branches. Thus, in the image Pakal lies between two worlds: the heavens and the underworld. Also on the sarcophagus are Pakalâs ancestors, arraigned in a line going back six generations.
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The structure consists of a "temple" structure that sits atop an eight-stepped pyramid (for a total of nine levels). The five entrances in the front of the building are surrounded by piers bearing both carved images and the hieroglyphic texts in
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Although much of the color on the piers has deteriorated, some is still visible today. Originally, the piers would have been extraordinarily colorful. Bright red, yellow, and blue would have been seen on their
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than the same figure on any of the other piers. Also present in the depiction of God K are three vertical cuts on the godâs back. These have been shown to be intentional, but their meaning is still unknown.
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is the only one to have ever photographed the sarcophagus lid. She was suspended from the ceiling in order to photograph it. Afterwards, the tomb was resealed and has not been reopened ever since.
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140:, removed a stone slab from the floor of the temple, revealing a stairway filled with rubble. Two years later, when the stairway was cleared, it was discovered that it led into Pakalâs tomb.
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The color blue signified the
Heavens and the Gods and would have been applied to things relating to the gods, as well as the glyphic texts on the sculpture. The color yellow related to
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Despite the fact that
Palenque, and the Temple of Inscriptions itself, had been visited and studied for more than two hundred years, the tomb of Pakal was not discovered until 1952.
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and glyph portions survive to this day. Among these glyphs, âcaptureâ can be clearly seen, but who or what was captured is unknown because the corresponding glyphs are unreadable.
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The temple has six piers, or vertical panels. These are labeled A through F, each with texts, artistic representations, or both executed in reliefs made from plaster
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257:(a hollow duct that goes from the outer temple into the tomb of Pakal) and the stone band that connects to it have led many to compare the structure to an
152:. Piers A and F have only hieroglyphic text on them. Piers B through E have images of people holding an infant-like figure, which has a snake as one leg.
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Five skeletons, both male and female, were found at the entrance of the crypt. These sacrificial victims were intended to follow Pakal into
Xibalba.
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lasted almost 70 years. Construction of this monument commenced in the last decade of his life, and was completed by his son and successor
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There were several smaller jade heads packed into Pakalâs sarcophagus and a stucco portrait of the king was found under the base of it.
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To prevent the collapse of the tomb due to the immense weight of the pyramid, the architects designed the hut-shaped chamber using
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The Temple of
Inscriptions was finished a short time after 683. The construction was initiated by Pakal himself, although his son,
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for which the temple was named. Inside the temple, a stairway leads to the crypt containing the
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is another extraordinary artifact found in the tomb. The face of the mask is made entirely of
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807:"Descifra investigador de la UNAM el nombre jeroglĂfico de la tumba del rey Maya Pakal"
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The tomb of Pakal yielded several important archaeological finds and works of art.
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the other figure. It is likely, especially considering the emphasis placed on the
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The standing figure on Pier C is thought to be a woman, possibly Pakalâs mother,
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Pier Aâs decoration consists entirely of hieroglyphic text. However, only eleven
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726:"The Tomb of K'inich Janaab Pakal: The Temple of the Inscriptions at Palenque"
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For the temple at Tikal also called the Temple of the
Inscriptions, see
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All information on the piers was taken from
Robertson 1983: 29-53.
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Pier B depicts a scene in which a human figure holds the âchildâ
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The
Sculpture of Palenque. Volume I: The Temple of Inscriptions
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or ruler of
Palenque in the 7th century, whose reign over the
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Apr. 27, 1953 LIFE Magazine article about tomb discovery
55:) "House of the Nine Sharpened Spears") is the largest
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Temple of the Inscriptions (left) and a palace (right)
419:Stucco head of K'inich Janaab Pakal I (603-683 AD)
129:completed the structure and its final decoration.
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789:The Maya: Palaces and Pyramids of the Rainforest
229:, one of whose legs is a serpent, in his hand.
906:7th-century religious buildings and structures
78:. The structure was specifically built as the
278:The standing figure on Pier E is most likely
233:missing today, as is the head of the figure.
772:. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
391:Reproduction of the Pakal's sarcophagus (
359:Among these finds was the lid of Pakalâs
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566:Universidad Nacional AutĂłnoma de Mexico
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407:Head of king Pakal, teenager. Stucco.
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766:Robertson, Merle Greene
516:Pyramid of the Magician
377:Merle Greene Robertson
164:Plan of the temple by
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30:Temple of Inscriptions
881:Maya sites in Chiapas
320:Books of Chilam Balam
134:Alberto Ruz Lhuillier
127:K'inich Kan B'alam II
98:K'inich Kan B'alam II
84:K'inich Janaab' Pakal
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16:Mayan stepped pyramid
756:: CS1 maint: year (
166:Frederick Catherwood
48:Mayan pronunciation:
901:Religion in Chiapas
852:17.4836°N 92.0468°W
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371:, perched atop the
367:. Above him is the
313:Inscription tablets
44:BĘźolon Yej TeĘź Naah
911:Pyramids in Mexico
442:Pakalâs death mask
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876:Maya architecture
857:17.4836; -92.0468
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80:funerary monument
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395:) in Mexico
373:Cosmic Tree
361:sarcophagus
355:Sarcophagus
239:polydactyly
115:sarcophagus
111:Maya script
870:Categories
843:92°02â˛48âłW
840:17°29â˛01âłN
813:2015-06-17
743:2008-09-04
717:References
341:buttresses
295:Coloration
255:psychoduct
117:of Pakal.
739:. Mesoweb
615::24,26,54
347:Artifacts
331:Structure
191:Side view
104:Structure
886:Palenque
768:(1983).
752:cite web
500:See also
450:obsidian
68:Palenque
66:site of
637:Guenter
589:Guenter
577:Guenter
365:Xibalba
307:Xibalba
121:History
72:Chiapas
809:. 2015
795:
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603::map 3
302:stucco
286:Pier F
274:Pier E
265:Pier D
245:Pier C
221:Pier B
215:glyphs
209:Pier A
203:Facade
150:stucco
94:polity
76:Mexico
551:Notes
520:Uxmal
437:Other
227:God K
144:Piers
793:ISBN
774:ISBN
758:link
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