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79:
of the
Kingdom of God on this earth. The prophesies stress the importance of uniting and gathering God's people. This is the responsibility of those who wish to work for the salvation of mankind. There is no doubt – and I believe it with all my heart – this Kingdom of God has a complementary, temporal meaning as well as a spiritual one. For instance, in a Christian State, a Kingdom of God, the misery and famine among poor people after a crop failure is uncalled for! The Kingdom of God is a happy state. This is emphasised in all the Biblical prophesies, and should exist for all people. The Prophets point to Jerusalem as the Center of the Kingdom of God, a Happy State!"
456:. During the war the British government brokered the exchange of about 1,000 Templers for 550 Jews under German control. "The swap, Bauer stresses, stemmed primarily from British and German interests: Just as the British wanted to get the Germans out, Germany was happy for the chance to rid itself of a few hundred more Jews. There were three exchanges that took place, one in 1941, one in 1942 and the last in 1944. In total only 480 persons, Templers and other Germans living in Palestine were exchanged".
171:
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414:. Thus, all non-Nazi aspects of German culture and identity were discriminated against as un-German. All international schools of German language subsidised or fully financed by government funds were obliged to redraw their educational programmes and to solely employ teachers aligned to the Nazi party. The teachers in Bethlehem were financed by the Reich government, so Nazi teachers also took over there.
40:
67:. The movement was founded by Christoph Hoffmann, who believed that humanity's salvation lay in the gathering of God's people in a Christian community. He also believed that the second coming of Christ was imminent, and that according to Biblical prophecy it would take place in Jerusalem, where God's people were to gather as a symbol of the rebuilding of the temple.
213:, arrived in the Haifa-Akka region as a prisoner of the Ottoman Empire. Years later, after his release from strict confinement, he visited the Templer Colony on Mount Carmel several times and wrote a letter to Hardegg. He asked his son, ‘Abdu’l-Baha, to build, on the alignment of the Templer Colony road (Carmel Avenue) but halfway up the mountain, the
396:
government and the Public
Custodian of Enemy Property paid them 50% restitution for war losses of livestock and other property. The Bank of the Temple Society, formed in 1925 with its head office in Jaffa and branches in Haifa and Jerusalem, became one of the leading credit institutions in Palestine.
157:
On 6 August 1868, Hoffmann, Hardegg, their families and a group of fellow
Templers, finally left Germany for Palestine, landing in Haifa on 30 October, having made the decision not only to "stipulate the number of Templers and the timing of their migration to Palestine, but also which professions and
145:
Unperturbed by objections from the
Evangelical State Church and the Catholic sector, and the resignation of some members from the Society, Hoffmann and Hardegg left for a fact-finding trip to Palestine on 9 February 1858, along with agriculturist J. Bubeck. They arrived in Jaffa on 14 March 1858 and
78:
In deciding where a
Christian community should be established, Hoffmann wrote, "I made a special study, to discover if a center were named in the prophesies. I found that some Prophets declared Jerusalem to be the center. Others mentioned Israel, that is, Palestine, to be the external manifestation
141:
in Berlin, but despite
Frederick's initial suggestion that he might "send a commission to assist the Templer Society", he was reported to have told Wilhelm, "it is unthinkable that I should identify myself with these people". Despite this setback Hoffmann wrote, "we have not given up hope for the
136:
While the
Lutheran state church in Württemberg condemned and fought the Templers as apostates, the Prussian Protestant position was somewhat milder. Their settlement in the Holy Land found a warm support through Wilhelm Hoffmann (1806–1873), who was no apostate from the official church, like his
421:
and the
Foreign Office not to use swastika symbols for German institutions, without success. Some German Gentiles from Palestine pleaded with the Reich government to drop its plan to boycott shops of Jewish Germans on 1 April 1933. Some Templers enlisted in the German Army. By 1938, 17% of the
361:
and agreed on the
British rule in Palestine, followed by the official establishment of the civil administration on 1 July 1920. From that date on Keith-Roach transferred the collected rents for property in custodianship to the actual proprietors. On 29 June 1920, the British Foreign Secretary,
125:
Christoph
Hoffmann met Georg David Hardegg (1812–1879) in 1849. They became friends and partners, and in 1853 Hardegg embraced Hoffmann's dream of a Christian State. Initially the Templer Movement/Temple Society was known as the "Friends of Jerusalem", and it was in 1855 that Hoffmann placed a
62:
group that emerged in Germany during the mid-nineteenth century, the two founders, Christoph Hoffmann and Georg David Hardegg, arriving in Haifa, Palestine, in October 1868 with their families and a few fellow Templers in order to establish a colony. Templer theology is rooted in the legacy of
202:, were built of stone, with red-shingled roofs, instead of the flat or domed roofs common in the region. Hard work, the harsh climate and epidemics claimed the lives of many before the colony became self-sustaining. Hardegg stayed in Haifa, while Hoffmann moved on to establish other colonies.
493:
High Command Headquarters, while the other part housed various civil offices of the Israeli government, using the original German houses. In the early 21st century the civil offices were evacuated and the area extensively renovated, becoming a pedestrian shopping and entertainment area.
197:
had a population of 4,000. The Templers are credited today with promoting the development of the city. The colonists built an attractive main street that was much admired by the locals. It was 30 meters wide and planted with trees on both sides. The houses, designed by architect
422:
Templers in Palestine were members of the Nazi party. According to historian Yossi Ben-Artzi, "The members of the younger generation to some extent broke away from naive religious belief, and were more receptive to the Nazi German nationalism. The older ones tried to fight it."
346:. In April 1920, 350 of these internees were deported to Germany. All the property of the Templers of enemy nationality (thus except of that of a few US citizens among them) was taken into public custodianship. With the establishment of a regular British administration in 1918
126:
pronouncement in their regular publication, the Sentinel, stating their intention of establishing a way of life based on the word of God; he also stated that the conversion of the whole world, would only take place following Christ's second coming.
74:
and based on Matthew's Gospel in regard to Old Testament prophecies and their relevance to the coming of Jesus Christ. Hoffmann also believed that these "prophecies concerned mainly the founding of the Kingdom of God on earth."
409:
in Germany the new Reich's government streamlined foreign policy according to Nazi ideals, using financial pressure especially. The Nazi emphasis was on creating the image that Germany and Germanness were equal to
473:
assassinated the leader of the community, Gotthilf Wagner. Later four more members of the sect were murdered in order to drive the group from Palestine. The former Templer colonies were re-settled by Jews.
389:, signed on 24 July 1923 and becoming effective on 5 August 1925. Thus the public custodianship ended in the same year and the prior holders achieved the fully protected legal position as proprietors.
217:
to the forerunner of the religion (who was known as "the Bab"). The conjunction of the Templer buildings and the Shrine have become the most significant landmark in the modern city of Haifa.
467:—was adamant in not permitting any ethnic Germans, of a community which had expressed pro-Nazi sympathies, to remain in or return to its territory. On 12 March 1946 a team from the Zionist
514:, where a community hall and a school were commissioned in July that year. The community consisted of nine properties of approximately 5ha each. It could at most accommodate 132 residents.
296:, one of the Kaiser's traveling companions, Colonel Joseph Freiherr von Ellrichshausen, initiated the formation of a society for the advancement of the German settlements in Palestine, in
708:
2005 TSA Constitution changed to reflect the lifestyle of its members in Australia. It is no longer a community-based organisation, but one consisting of many focus and interest groups.
269:
The Templers established a regular coach service between Haifa and the other cities, promoting the country's tourist industry, and made an important contribution to road construction.
538:). Over many years urban and rural settlements with community halls and schools, commercial, trade, farm and transport enterprises were established in a number of locations including
1375:
1447:
507:(1815–1885) and others, following a split with the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Württemberg (7/10/1859) over dogmatic rituals. Plans for a move to Palestine were considered.
133:,. Here they built a thriving community, suffered a devastating typhoid fever epidemic, began planning their move to Palestine, and changed their name to the Temple Society.
129:
In 1856 Hoffmann and Hardegg moved with their families and other "Friends of Jerusalem", to the Kirschenhardthof, previously part of a large estate in Hochberg, near
363:
1462:
565:
158:
skills were required". They had already come to the conclusion that basing themselves in Jerusalem would not be practical, planning to settle nearby, close to
1134:, Almut Nothnagle (ed.) on behalf of 'Jerusalemsverein' within Berliner Missionswerk, Leipzig: Evangelische Verlags-Anstalt, 2001, pp. 185–212, here p. 189 (
570:
1875 Publication of 'Occident und Orient, Part 1' by Christoph Hoffmann. English translation 1995 'The Temple Society and its Settlements in the Holy Land'
142:
recovery of the King of Prussia", but unfortunately Frederick had become unwell, and his "illness prevented him from offering any support to the Templers."
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695:
1990s New initiatives: Templer residential unit development in Bayswater, Kids' Club, Australian-German Templer Exchange, Country Victorian Templer Groups
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892:
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1987 Sydney Templers secure places in the St. Hedwig Homes for the Aged of the Catholic German Community of St. Raphael in Blacktown NSW, opened in 1989.
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1076:
511:
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1874 schism of the Temple Society, with a third of the members seceding and founding the Temple Association (Tempelverein) in 1878, later joining the
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Roland Löffler, "Die Gemeinden des Jerusalemsvereins in Palästina im Kontext des kirchlichen und politischen Zeitgeschehens in der Mandatszeit", in:
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680:
1979 Tabulam Nursing Home, located next to the Templer Home for the Aged, begun as a joint undertaking with the Australian-German Welfare Society.
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1457:
893:
Sparey Fox, Carolyn (2018). Seeking a State of heaven. Oxford: George Ronald. pp. Back cover. ISBN 978-0-85398-613-3., Carolyn (2018).
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where Johann Lange, former student from Württemberg, formed the Tempelhof congregation in Gnadenfeld after years of bitter controversy.
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1970 the Australian and German Templer Regions formally linked by the appointment of Dr. R. O. Hoffmann as President of the society.
63:
preceding centuries during which various Christian groups undertook to establish the perfect Christian religion in preparation for
674:
1970 Australian and German Templer Regions linked formally by appointment of Dr. R. O. Hoffmann as President of the Temple Society
429:
colonists with German citizenship were rounded up by the British and sent, together with Italian and Hungarian enemy aliens, to
441:. On 31 July 1941, 661 Templers and other Germans in Palestine were deported to Australia via Egypt, leaving 345 in Palestine.
71:
99:
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Seht, wir gehen hinauf nach Jerusalem! Festschrift zum 150jährigen Jubiläum von Talitha Kumi und des Jerusalemsvereins
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162:, but during their journey they were advised that Haifa would be more suitable, due to its good harbour and climate.
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1166:, Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlags-Haus Mohn, 1991, (Missionswissenschaftliche Forschungen; , 25), pp. 17 and 150.
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1950 Management office installed at Mozartstraße 58, Stuttgart, where meetings and religious services were held.
521:, had tragic consequences: of the 25 persons in the group 15 died within a year, 7 in Medjedel and 8 in Samunieh.
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106:
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603:, Victoria, until 1946-7. In December, 65 persons take part in an exchange program from Palestine to Germany.
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266:" brand, one of the better known agricultural brands in Europe, used to market Israeli oranges to this day.
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795:, became a settlement of mixed denominational affiliation. First settlers in 1873, became a colony in 1878.
1146:, Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlags-Haus Mohn, 1991, (Missionswissenschaftliche Forschungen; , 25), p. 150.
1114:, Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlags-Haus Mohn, 1991, (Missionswissenschaftliche Forschungen; , 25), p. 143,
1091:, Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlags-Haus Mohn, 1991, (Missionswissenschaftliche Forschungen; , 25), p. 138,
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54 million in compensation to property owners whose assets were nationalized. Sarona was incorporated in
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legitimised the British administration and custodianship by granting a mandate to Britain in 1922, which
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616:. Templers cannot return there, those left had to leave. As of 2010 most live in Australia and Germany.
316:
240:
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1988 Dr Richard Hoffmann retires. Dietrich Ruff is elected as the new President of the Temple Society
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Tablet to Hardegg (Lawh-i-Hirtík): A Tablet of Bahá'u'lláh to the Templer Leader Georg David Hardegg
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1941 Over 500 Templers from Palestine were transported to Australia, where internment continued in
300:. It enabled the settlers to acquire land for new settlements by offering them low interest loans.
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The Templers in Israel and their Place in the Local Society, The National Library of Israel (2017)
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1954, at a General Meeting in September a revision of the 20-year-old constitution is proposed.
698:
2001/2 Dietrich Ruff retires. Peter Lange is elected as the new President of the Temple Society
358:
206:
1314:. Revised and expanded by Cornelius Krahn. Newton, Kansas: Faith and Life Press. p. 282.
701:
2002 A new Temple Chapel is built in the Bayswater Community Centre. Extensive Remodel of the
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1942 In November, 302 persons take part in an exchange program from Palestine to Germany.
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In 1933 Templer functionaries and other Gentile Germans living in Palestine appealed to
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This article is about the German Protestant sect. For the medieval chivalric order, see
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1944 In July, 112 persons take part in an exchange program from Palestine to Germany.
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534:. In 1869 begins the construction of the first house in Haifa, the community hall (
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1939 German Templers were interned in Palestine at the outbreak of World War II.
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In July and August 1918 the British sent 850 Templers to an internment camp at
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Attempts by impatient members to settle on their own in Palestine in 1867, at
489:, part of it becoming the compound of the Israeli Ministry of Defense and the
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1986 Templers in Germany and Australia celebrate 125 years of Temple Society.
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331:) in 1907. At its height, the Templer community in Palestine numbered 2,000.
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1962, on 27 January the new constitution was finalised and accepted and the
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Rise and Kill First: The Secret History of Israel's Targeted Assassinations
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templer movement emerged directly out of radical Pietist circles in Germany
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1967 New community centre officially opened in Felix-Dahn-Straße, Degerloch
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younger brother Christoph. Through Wilhelm Hoffmann was able to meet with
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is derived from the concept of the Christian Community as described in the
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589:, Egypt, towards the end of World War I returned to their settlements in
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308:
130:
103:
644:. Over the years church halls and community centres were established at
247:, as the Templers' first agricultural colony, on the road from Jaffa to
683:
1981 New Youth Group club room and school rooms completed at Bayswater.
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1364:[Milestones in the History of the Temple Society] (in German)
1067:, by David S. Ruhe, pp. 189–193 et al. George Ronald, publisher, 1983
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in which God's spirit dwells. There is no connection to the Medieval
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Mission im Heiligen Land: Der Jerusalems-Verein zu Berlin 1852–1945
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Mission im Heiligen Land: Der Jerusalems-Verein zu Berlin 1852–1945
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Mission im Heiligen Land: Der Jerusalems-Verein zu Berlin 1852–1945
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Mission im Heiligen Land: Der Jerusalems-Verein zu Berlin 1852-1945
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Political Assassinations by Jews: A Rhetorical Device for Justice
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1868 Beginning of carefully planned migration of Templers to the
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1336:"The Templers: German settlers who left their mark on Palestine"
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Pilgrims on the Silk Road: A Muslim-Christian Encounter in Khiva
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a year later, and two years later, in 1871, a third colony in
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Hakenkreuz im Heiligen Land: Die NSDAP-Landesgruppe Palästina
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1861 The Temple Society was founded in South-West Germany by
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154:, (Caifa at this time), and Tiberias before returning home.
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The Templers in Israel and their Place in the Local Society
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812:, a monodenominational settlement of only Templer colonists
805:, a monodenominational settlement of only Templer colonists
39:
785:, became a settlement of mixed denominational affiliation
772:, became a settlement of mixed denominational affiliation
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The beliefs and ideas of the Templers also spread to the
312:
452:, placed them under arrest and deported many of them to
1362:"Meilensteine in der Geschichte der Tempelgesellschaft"
760:
Templer and related Protestant settlements in Palestine
354:, who rented out the property and collected the rents.
1448:
Lutheran denominations established in the 19th century
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1886: Walhalla in Jaffa, north of the first colony.
743:(TGD) instituted. A move to larger premises initiated.
702:
566:
Evangelical State Church of Prussia's older Provinces
185:Hoffmann and Hardegg purchased land at the foot of
109:, where every person and the community are seen as
1040:. Stuttgart: Maria-Paulus-Foundation. p. 136.
1025:. Melbourne: Temple Society Australia. p. 49.
1010:. Stuttgart: Maria-Paulus-Foundation. p. 123.
854:. Melbourne: Temple Society Australia. p. 48.
677:1972 Templer Home for the Aged opened in Bayswater
374:agreed in principle to their return to Palestine.
939:. Stuttgart: Maria-Paulus-Foundation. p. 94.
788:1874: The Temple denomination underwent a schism.
497:
385:, the Ottoman successor, finally ratified by the
251:. In 1873 a fourth colony was established in the
1424:
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510:The centre of the new movement was from 1856 in
262:The colony's oranges were the first to carry a "
165:
1463:1861 establishments in the German Confederation
764:In chronological order of their establishment:
718:1949 After a pause of 10 years, publication of
632:1948-50 Australian Templers consolidate around
352:Public Custodian of Enemy Property in Palestine
897:. Oxford: George Ronald. pp. Back cover.
150:, Bethlehem, Beersheba, Nazareth, Acco,
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593:. The settlements soon flourished again.
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27:Radical Pietistic sect of Christianity
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965:. Oxford: George Ronald. p. 53.
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1281:Bergman, Ronen (30 January 2018).
555:German Mennonites from the Russian
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1402:Tempelgesellschaft in Deutschland
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1244:The nine lives of the Lorenz Cafe
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733:became hub of social activities.
591:Palestine, now a British Mandate
239:Hoffman established colonies in
1392:"History of the Temple Society"
1312:Smith's Story of the Mennonites
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1036:Hoffmann, Christopher (1968).
1006:Hoffmann, Christopher (1969).
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498:Timeline of the Temple Society
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166:Early settlement in Palestine
991:Sparey Fox, Carolyn (2018).
961:Sparey Fox, Carolyn (2018).
754:Bund für Freies Christentum.
193:there in 1868. At the time,
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1259:Nachman Ben-Yehuda (1992).
865:Ratliff, Walter R. (2010).
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580:Occident and Orient, Part 1
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1397:"Temple Society Australia"
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459:After its foundation, the
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1225:, Haaretz, 23 April 2009.
993:Seeking a State of Heaven
963:Seeking a State of Heaven
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722:is resumed in September.
1310:Smith, C. Henry (1981).
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793:German Colony, Jerusalem
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621:Temple Society Australia
281:Templer Cemetery in the
65:Christ's promised return
1433:Templers (Pietist sect)
731:Treffpunkt Mozartstraße
726:keeps members informed.
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667:1950 Formation of the
612:1948 Formation of the
448:declared the Templers
359:Conference of San Remo
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720:Die Warte des Tempels
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1023:The Holy Land Called
1021:Sauer, Paul (1991).
852:The Holy Land Called
850:Sauer, Paul (1991).
810:Bethlehem of Galilee
777:German Colony, Jaffa
770:German Colony, Haifa
439:Bethlehem of Galilee
321:Bethlehem of Galilee
146:spent time visiting
530:, then part of the
446:British authorities
419:Paul von Hindenburg
368:British Upper House
45:Wilhelma, Palestine
1376:Google translation
1250:, 20 January 2008.
1223:A life-saving swap
1188:2011-06-04 at the
505:Christoph Hoffmann
387:Treaty of Lausanne
348:Edward Keith-Roach
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205:In the same year,
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1340:BBC News Magazine
1038:Jerusalem Journey
1008:Jerusalem Journey
978:Jerusalem Journey
937:Jerusalem Journey
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876:978-1-60608-133-4
660:in Sydney and at
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323:(1906) and
309:Bnei Atarot
207:Bahá'u'lláh
131:Ludwigsberg
1427:Categories
837:References
658:Meadowbank
559:Molotschna
431:internment
405:After the
1291:cite book
913:cite book
815:1907:
808:1906:
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768:1869-70:
654:Bentleigh
650:Bayswater
634:Melbourne
548:Jerusalem
528:Holy Land
465:Holocaust
454:Australia
433:camps in
298:Stuttgart
287:Jerusalem
257:Jerusalem
148:Jerusalem
87:The word
83:Etymology
1186:Archived
824:See also
817:Waldheim
803:Wilhelma
642:Adelaide
519:Samunieh
487:Tel Aviv
435:Waldheim
325:Waldheim
305:Wilhelma
255:outside
234:Tel Aviv
191:a colony
160:Nazareth
56:Templers
1368:13 July
1346:12 July
1248:Haaretz
662:Tanunda
646:Boronia
587:Helouan
470:Haganah
394:Mandate
230:HaKirya
121:History
111:temples
104:1 Peter
89:Templer
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383:Turkey
336:Helwan
249:Nablus
245:Sarona
226:Sarona
215:shrine
181:, 1875
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1342:. BBC
544:Jaffa
540:Haifa
481:paid
370:that
344:Egypt
340:Cairo
338:near
327:(now
307:(now
241:Jaffa
195:Haifa
179:Haifa
152:Haifa
1370:2013
1348:2013
1316:ISBN
1297:link
1265:ISBN
1206:ISBN
1168:ISBN
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1136:ISBN
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1093:ISBN
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899:ISBN
871:ISBN
703:TTHA
652:and
640:and
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546:and
437:and
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20:)
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