32:
83:
1701:...by the fact itself.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=1}}</ref> ==Family Tree== He's his own grandpa.{{efn-lg|{{harvnb|Latham|1947|p=9}} }} ===FT notes=== {{notelist-lg}} ===FT references=== *{{citation |last=Latham |first=Dwight |date=1947 |title=The Adams family}} ==See also== ]<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2018|p=2}}</ref> ==Notes== {{Reflist}} ==References== * {{citation |last=Smith |date=2018 |title=Smith's other book}}
121:
2141:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|1994|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1994 | title = Scientific paper written by many
2191:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith et al.|1995|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | last2 = Jones | last3 = Brown | last4 = Black | last5 = Davis | last6 = Martinez | last7 = Hsu | date = 1995 | title = Another paper by many scientists | journal
2251:
Some sources do not have a single author with a last name, such as a magazine article or a report from a government institution. There is no consensus (in
Knowledge or among citation styles) about how to format author–date citations for works that do not have a specific author. Several choices are:
383:
Typical usage is shown in the example below. The text and the footnote are connected by a bi-directional link – clicking on the superscript takes the reader to the footnote, clicking on the footnote number takes them back to the superscript. The clicking on the short citation takes them to the full
418:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref> More article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref> Still more article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2020|p=26}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2020 |
4487:
Article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=25}}.</ref> More article text.<ref name=Smith2008p25/> Still more article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2008|p=26}}.</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date =
2009:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1993a|p=25}} More text.{{sfn|Smith|1993b|p=32}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=January 1993a |title=Smith's first paper |journal=Important
Journal }} * {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=Karen |date=Spring–Summer 1993b
3017:
to make the anchor. (As of
November 2010, there are only approximately 100 articles that require this technique.) It is also possible that (3) local editors would prefer not to use citation templates. In this case, it is important to discuss what the local editors would like to do about the bad
3049:
Article text.{{sfn |Big
Government Agency|1999}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = {{cite report | title=Important Government Report | publisher=Big Government Agency | date=1999 }} | ref = {{harvid|Big Government Agency|1999}} }}
4423:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} More article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=25}} Still more article text.{{sfn|Smith|2007|p=26}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2007 | title = Smith's Book }}
223:
There are several other templates that are designed for use with shortened footnotes. They differ slightly in the way they format the author-date citation and how much of their functionality is automated. A full list of these related templates is
3096:
Article text.{{sfn |A particularly unusual citation}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{wikicite | reference = A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all. | ref = {{harvid|A particularly unusual citation}} }}
1642:
Sometimes there is a need to create two or more separate lists of inline footnotes. For example some family trees are contained in templates, they are transluded into several biographies, and they have their own self contained citations (see
2658:
of a citation template can be matched—the template logic can extract the year from a full date. If the date parameter is not a full date, then the extraction will fail. If the link does not seem to work, it also possible to set both
5112:== References == * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1936 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1937 | ...}} * {{citation | last1 = Murray | first1 = F. J. | date = 1943 | ...}}
2843:
Article text.{{sfn|Morrison|1987}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite comic |writer=Morrison, Grant |artist=Yeowell, Steve |title=2000 AD |date=August 15, 1987 |publisher=] |ref={{sfnref|Morrison|1987}}
1504:
Interesting fact.{{efn|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2018}}}} ==Notes== {{notelist}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2018 | title = Smith's other book }}
3774:
There are several templates used to create short citations; they differ in the use and placement of parentheses, in the separator before the page or location, and in whether a terminal full stop (period) is present:
4892:
since 2022. This usage has not been deprecated within internal pages such as
Knowledge documentation, user pages, or wikiprojects, though there is rarely a practical use for it instead of just using normal
5002:
template, such as multiple papers by the same author, using both the first and last names, links to articles about the author, and others. Any kind of unusual link can also be constructed using the idiom
2682:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1997|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = 11 May 1997 | title = Smith's 1997 paper | journal= Important
Journal
2731:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1998|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite journal | last = Smith | first = Karen | date = May 1998 | title = Smith's 1998 paper | journal= Important
Journal }}
1573:
Interesting fact.{{#tag:ref|Clarification of interesting fact.{{sfn|Smith|2017}}}} ==Citations== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | date = 2017 | title = Smith's other book }}
231:
Note that the use (or even non-use) of these templates is an element of citation "style", and adding or removing them in articles with an established style should be consistent with that style. See
6362:
5934:
Names must be unique. You may not use the same name to define different groups or footnotes. Try to avoid picking a name that someone else is likely to choose for a new citation, such as
4912:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2006|p=25}}</ref> ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{cite book | last = Smith | first = John | title = Smith's book | date = 2006 }}
5042:
The theory was developed by {{harvs|txt|first=F. J.|last=Murray|author1-link=F. J. Murray|first2=J.|last2=von
Neumann|author2-link=John von Neumann|year=1936|year2=1937|year3=1943}}.
6099:
can be used to create internal wikilinks with either small superscript-style labels (like this) or plain free-text labels to such anchors. It can be used inside of other citations.
5923:
Names should have semantic value, so that they can be more easily distinguished from each other by human editors who are looking at the wikitext. This means that ref names like
1654:
To facilitate this, while the main page uses the standard 1,2,3 footnote counting, it is common for family trees to use the efn template with a group parameter set—for example
3005:
In a few very rare cases, it may be impossible for the citation templates to create an anchor. Either (1) the citation is formatted with a template that does not support the
2942:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=101}} ==Notes== {{reflist}} ==References== * {{vcite book | author = Smith K | date = 1999 | title = Smith's 1999 Book | harvid = Smith1999 }}
7069:
3655:
error may be displayed even when the short-cite template is valid and the link works. That is a "false positive" error. The error message can be suppressed by adding
3321:: Find the source (it may be copied from an article on a similar subject), and check that it verifies the text. If the source can't be found, tag the citation with
6453:
6448:
988:
is used to create an unusually named link from the short citation to the full citation. This parameter is usually not necessary, and it is more common to use
1465:
can be used to create separate explanatory footnotes from short citations, as shown in the first example. An article that uses this technique extensively is
3755:
2667:
parameters. The template will display the date and use the year for the anchor. These two examples show a year being successfully extracted from full date.
7080:
3622:
751:
6443:
1008:, no hyperlink is created. However, if one does not want the link, it is always possible to simply use plain text instead of the template. The parameter
7065:
5813:
5530:
3707:
3690:
3583:
3440:
2927:
to create an anchor for the
Harvard citation templates. This must be set to a concatenation of the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
7053:
6281:
47:
3762:
given in the error message will identify the wrong list-defined reference in the first false-positive error message on the page; this is tracked in
6620:
4882:
with a link to the full citation. It should only be used within footnotes or on internal pages. Use of inline parenthetical referencing within the
3929:
179:
4602:
According to {{harvtxt|Smith|2009|p=25}} ... ==References== * {{citation | last = Smith | first = John | date = 2009 | title = Smith's Book }}
6238:
6024:
You may optionally provide reference names even when the reference name is not required. This makes later re-use of the sourced reference easier.
1098:"A quote in a secondary source."<ref>{{harvtxt|Smith|2011|p=2}} quoted in {{harvtxt|Jones|2010|p=343}}</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}
1662:(lower-greek). The efn templates are text templates, to link some or all of the content of the efn template to a long citation template such as
7092:
7049:
43:
6514:
4344:; please see their documentation pages. Editors editing one of these templates are requested to make parallel changes to the other versions.
2089:
The above solution to add a letter suffix after the year element also works for multiple authors with the same last name. For example, both
7113:
3365:: check the source for the correct spelling, and use the same spelling, spacing, and capitalization in both the short and full citations.
2097:
published books in 2006. To differentiate between the two books, the first one can be given the year "2006a" and the second one "2006b".
6628:
This template creates a short author–date citation with a one-directional link to the first matching citation template on the same page.
4793:==References== * {{cite book |last = Smith |first = John ... Smith's book}} * {{cite book |last = Jones |first = Mary ... Jones' book}}
6499:
6367:
6818:
Usual not used. Reference value that links the short citation to the full citation. If you specify |ref=none, no hyperlink is created.
4408:) has the same effect, automatically adds a period (full stop) after the page number, and combines identical footnotes automatically.
3876:
3731:
6293:
4328:
All of these templates have the same parameters and basic functionality. This page describes all of them except the parameters of
3193:, which does not use a trailing period (full stop) when rendering full citations. The postscript is only effective the first time
6271:
3990:
51:
1062:
Some information.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2011|p=2}}: "A quote verifying the information."</ref> == Notes == {{reflist}}
6458:
6405:
90:
6111:
4879:
3797:
6504:
4163:
3902:
3009:
parameter or (2) the source can't be described using our citation templates at all. In these cases, it is possible to use
213:). This citation style is used to reduce clutter in the edit window and to combine multiple citations to the same source.
7075:
6603:
6329:
6231:
99:
3181:
removes the final period. Compare the two examples. Suppressing the default period (full stop) ensures consistency with
6372:
4584:
4570:
4656:
3309:
from a
Harvard style citation to a full citation at the bottom of the page, there are several possible solutions. If:
7060:
3493:
appropriately, if necessary). Otherwise consult with local editors on the talk page about how to proceed. Either add
95:
758:
can be used to specify a location in the source in another way, such as section numbers or chapters. The parameters
7035:
6509:
4371:
3633:
When a short-cite template links to a full citation that is rendered by a template that wraps a CS1 template, like
3481:
citation templates are used liberally throughout the article, then reformat the full citation with the appropriate
6585:
6438:
6425:
6266:
6224:
3850:
107:
5027:
making it easier to consistently create such internal links in small superscript or plain-text label styles.)
7088:
7043:
6357:
3421:
2920:
39:
17:
7108:
6377:
3686:
1644:
1152:
has been advised to hold this additional information, but it is not suitable for this purpose. Two or more
3398:
The citation does not have an author's, or an editor's, last name (authors take precedence over editors).
6415:
6319:
3528:: remove the cite span (these are deprecated) and proceed following the recommendation immediately above.
3324:
163:
2176:
Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1994). "Scientific paper written by many scientists".
323:> – positional parameters; surnames of next three authors; required if available in the full citation
6463:
6276:
4985:
3955:
3644:
3209:
is recommended in order to make it clear that an editor intended there to be no terminal punctuation.
5518:
in the reference section of the article. Clicking on the wikilink repositions the page at the anchor.
2113:) are required by the template. Listing more authors is not supported. It is also possible to use the
1831:, the standard way to disambiguate such works is to add a letter suffix after the year element of the
6392:
6324:
6309:
175:
3682:
3372:: check the source for the correct year, and use the same year in both the short and full citations.
6410:
6339:
6288:
4393:
4375:
1209:
392:
202:
138:
6190:
4670:
3758:
associated with embedding footnotes in list-defined references are known. One of them is that the
6261:
6247:
4888:
3670:
947:
can be used to change the text which appears at the end of the note in the reference list. (See
734:
can be used to indicate the location in the source, such as page numbers. For single pages, use
3663:
3509:
templates, or remove all templates, depending on what local editors prefer. A few articles use
3496:
3484:
3476:
2094:
159:
103:
6107:
5812:
This covers the most common templates. Information about all of the templates is available at
3673:
and the error message cannot be suppressed, try testing in a sandbox or user subpage instead.
6479:
6352:
6347:
5548:
5540:
5536:
5523:
5456:
4312:
3739:
3355:
3182:
2226:
Smith; Jones; Brown; Black; Davis; Martinez; Hsu (1995). "Another paper by many scientists".
1978:. If month and day should be part of the citation as well, both parameters need to be given:
1876:
3305:
If an article is using this template, and nothing happens when you click on the highlighted
5880:
5515:
1648:
8:
6484:
5857:|last=Smith|first=John|date=27 January 2006|title=My Life}}
5544:
5221:
5194:
3885:
2798:
2786:
6142:, so that identical footnotes are combined automatically. The footnote name begins with
5949:
and numerals. If spaces are used, the following technical restrictions become relevant:
4122:
1047:
can be used to add quotes or additional comments into the footnote. Examples are below.
6533:
6494:
6183:
The ref name becomes more complicated when the page (p) parameter includes a URL, e.g.
6064:
6051:
5872:
5213:
5186:
4135:
3938:
3763:
3721:
1665:
510:
The first four author surnames (or all authors if fewer than four; use the values from
68:
59:
5945:
Please consider keeping reference names short, simple, and restricted to the standard
4719:
Article text.<ref>{{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}</ref>
4109:
4090:
3699:
185:. Any usage of parenthetical references in the body of an article can be converted to
7039:
6566:
6314:
6139:
6124:
5854:
4320:
4096:
3759:
3636:
3559:
3534:
3512:
3188:
3012:
2997:
1870:
1459:
1165:
Cite error: The named reference ... was defined multiple times with different content
350:
232:
206:
2126:
in the citation template, which allows a more concise citation in the article text.
2105:
If there are more than four authors, the first four authors' surnames (the value in
6555:
6489:
6382:
6093:
5952:
Quotation marks are preferred but optional if the only characters used are letters
5946:
5205:
5178:
5088:
5053:
5011:
4578:
4561:
3911:
3859:
3746:
1849:). Make sure to add the disambiguation letter to the matching full citation, (e.g.
1473:
1042:
400:
330:> – required; four-digit year; may have a lowercase disambiguation letter, like
253:
167:
134:
6199:. The "p=" and the characters |,:,.,/,?,=; are therefore stripped out of the URL.
6089:
To avoid the sometimes difficult to remember syntax for links to CITEREF anchors,
2595:
1489:
template will work correctly inside the footnote, as shown in the second example.
205:, a citation style which pairs a short, author-date citation in a footnote with a
6544:
6205:
6168:
6071:
5992:
5174:
5021:
4989:
4970:
4844:
4664:
4641:
4383:
4362:
3806:
3549:
3408:
2878:
2819:
2811:
2283:
2119:
2090:
1673:
1657:
1191:
1034:
999:
991:
257:
3735:
1373:
268:
harv generates an "author-date" style short-cite from the following parameters:
6400:
5462:
5347:
4997:
4976:
4894:
4339:
4270:
4025:
4016:
3999:
3964:
2911:
186:
2256:
For a newspaper or periodical, you may use the name of the paper and the date.
677:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|Black|2020|p=25}}</ref>
7102:
5842:
5358:
5341:
4873:
4862:
4852:
4676:
4647:
4331:
4231:
4196:
4100:
3832:
3504:
3346:
3021:
2808:
to create an anchor for the Harvard citation templates. This can be set with
1681:
242:
195:
127:
6433:
6186:
6157:
6149:
6133:
6118:
6034:
5084:
5049:
4836:
4399:
4396:
that is linked to the full citation at the bottom of the article. Template
4356:
4154:
3716:
3338:
3196:
3176:
3029:
1483:
1466:
1449:
1426:
975:
958:
26:
3361:
The name is spelled or capitalized differently here than in the citation.
2270:
Alternatively, some style guides recommend using the title of the article.
6595:
4968:
2995:
1158:
templates with the same authors, same year, and same page, but different
541:
section below describes workarounds for various common problems, such as
6216:
6015:
The quote marks must be the standard, straight, double quotation marks (
4284:
4245:
642:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|Jones|Brown|2020|p=25}}</ref>
5983:. But quote-enclosed reference names may not include a less-than sign (
5979:, requires that the reference name be enclosed in quotes; for example,
3110:
1760:
154:("Harvard citation") template creates a short citation in the form of "
6019:); curly or other quotes will be parsed as part of the reference name.
5339:
1422:
Sometimes an explanatory footnote requires a citation. Templates like
4883:
3130:
A source that can't be described using our citation templates at all.
1182:
tag will be different. A workaround is to convert one or some of the
894:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2020|loc=section 7}}</ref>
171:
3669:
with the anchor ID(s) to the article. If you are testing changes in
534:). Authors past the fourth must be omitted or an error will result.
5905:
Names are case-sensitive. Please do not use raNdOM capitalization.
5836:
5511:
3618:
3306:
2890:
859:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2020|loc=chpt. 3}}</ref>
6178:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">], p. 26</ref>
4696:
Article text ({{harvnb|Smith|2010|p=25}}; {{harvnb|Jones|2010}}).
3676:
3084:
Important Government Report (Report). Big Government Agency. 1999.
607:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|Jones|2020|p=25}}</ref>
94:
and changes may be widely noticed. Test changes in the template's
3063:
2010:|title=Smith's second paper |journal=Another Important Journal }}
554:
526: ) are required, followed by the year of publication (from
209:
in the references section at the end of the article (see example
170:. It can be used within footnotes, but should not be used in the
4756:
Article text.{{sfnm|la1=Smith|y1=2010|p1=25|la2=Jones|y2=2010}}
3224:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011|ps=none}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
3150:
to achieve the same effect, but this may not be compatible with
2277:
An article should adopt one of these styles consistently. Using
824:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2020|pp=25–26}}</ref>
5901:
in the citation template. A custom ID must follow these rules:
3332:
The correct citation appears at the bottom of the article, and
3151:
2882:
2084:
1168:
message. This message happens because the reference names that
216:
Common problems and known workarounds are given in the section
3734:. It is due to a long-standing bug in mediawiki software (see
3201:
is used for a particular author, year, and location. An empty
6211:
3571:
If the Harvard citation uses a handwritten wikilink, such as
2828:
plus the parameters passed to the Harvard citation template.
5363:
puts parentheses around the year. Compare the two examples.
4354:
3628:
3517:
to create an anchor as an alternative to standard templates.
3391:: Try to fix the date. If the link still does not work, add
2064:
Smith, Karen (Spring–Summer 1993b). "Smith's second paper".
1417:
789:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref>
572:
Article text.<ref>{{harv|Smith|2020|p=25}}</ref>
312:> – required; surname of first author or corporate author
5912:
be purely numeric; the software will accept something like
5554:
followed by the concatenation of the following parameters:
4994:
More exotic Harvard citations can be constructed using the
4639:
3129:
3116:
2192:= Important Journal | ref = {{harvid|Smith et al.|1995}} }}
1883:
for all accepted date formats except year-initial numeric (
4494:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
4430:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
1208:
If a specific link to the page or section is available, a
955:, below.) The postscript is only effective the first time
425:
Article text. More article text. Still more article text.
238:
Also note that inline use of these templates, i.e. use of
6873:
Some other description of the location. Can be a URL in .
5916:(which is punctuation plus a number), but it will ignore
5893:, either in place of the Harvard citation template (e.g.
5378:
Article text.{{sfnp|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
4034:
Article text. More article text. Even more article text.
2273:
Other style guides recommend using "Anonymous" or "Anon."
1856:
225:
5414:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
5226:
use a colon to indicate the page number(s) or location.
4308:
Full citations can be created manually or by templates:
4043:
3259:
Article text.{{sfn|Smith|2011}} == Notes == {{reflist}}
1989:
is used for citation display and metadata purposes, and
1203:
546:
6959:
range of page numbers or multiple separate page numbers
3769:
1026:
6638:
This template prefers inline formatting of parameters.
4442:
4440:
4032:(Cite several contributions/chapters in a larger work)
2246:
1436:
tags, because the following message will be produced:
1174:
creates will be the same, but the content between the
3578:
The citation uses a citation template which supports
3395:
to the citation template. (It's okay if it has both.)
3300:
3082:
3069:
2055:
Smith, Karen (January 1993a). "Smith's first paper".
1637:
4055:
3623:
Category:All articles with broken links to citations
2955:
2857:
2824:, or using CITEREF directly with a concatenation of
2744:
2696:
2638:
2175:
2162:
2035:
2023:
963:
is used for a particular author, year and location.
696:
4571:
Knowledge:Citing sources § In-text attribution
4559:
4452:
4437:
4210:
4175:
3435:The citation uses a template that does not support
6197:<ref name="FOOTNOTEJoyce1903" />
5814:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
5531:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
4657:Knowledge:Citing sources § Bundling citations
4347:
3730:This is a false-positive: list-defined references
3584:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
3441:Knowledge:Citation templates and reference anchors
2716:Smith, Karen (11 May 1997). "Smith's 1997 paper".
2432:
948:
5968:. That is, all printable ASCII characters except
5428:
5392:
5138:
5130:
5122:
5100:
5096:
5092:
5065:
5061:
5057:
3273:
3238:
2784:
2290:in the citation template can handle these cases.
2259:For a publication by an institution, use either:
1846:{{sfn|Smith|2006b}}
1840:{{sfn|Smith|2006a}}
1827:Where there is a need to cite more than one work
1587:
1537:
1085:, p. 2: "A quote verifying the information."
550:
379:; information such as a section or figure number.
339:– specific page referenced in the source (alias:
7100:
6621:Category:Pages using sfn with unknown parameters
6146:followed by a concatenation of the arguments to
4587:to the full citation at the bottom of the page.
3732:do not work correctly when references are nested
3621:using these templates are added to the category
3451:. Alternatively, an anchor can be created using
2617:
2601:
1879:templates, a year-suffix letter may be added to
4509:
4507:
4372:Knowledge:Citing sources § Short citations
4290:
4251:
3677:Harv embedded in list-defined ref does not work
2764:Smith, Karen (May 1998). "Smith's 1998 paper".
1822:
661:
6176:which, in turn, has the same functionality as
6162:should have exactly the same functionality as
5827:parameter in citation templates is preferred.
3368:The year is different here than the citation.
3354:The citation uses a template from the list at
3335:The Harvard citation uses a template (such as
3161:
3018:links. It is always possible to simply remove
1907:anchor to be compliant with legacy citations.
717:
6757:4th author's last name or year of publication
6728:3rd author's last name or year of publication
6699:2nd author's last name or year of publication
6232:
5077:The theory was developed by ] and ] (],],]).
4860:
3447:: Consider modifying the template to support
3205:will also suppress terminal punctuation, but
1829:by the same author published in the same year
1212:can be added to the location or page number.
371:are inappropriate; may be used to supplement
6114:) to detect that a link goes to a citation.
5830:
4841:is inappropriate for bundled citations; use
4504:
4120:
4049:
2909:
2225:
2212:
2085:More than one author with the same last name
542:
6160:|Smith|2006|p=26}}
5845:|Smith|2006|p=25}}
5521:
4095:. United States Department of Agriculture.
3659:to the template, or by adding the template
3466:The full citation does not use a template:
2142:scientists | journal = Important Journal }}
1143:
738:; for multiple pages (such as ranges), use
351:individual pages and / or range(s) of pages
7059:Editors can experiment in this template's
7011:Used to add quotes or additional comments.
6239:
6225:
6164:<ref name="FOOTNOTESmith200626">
2996:Citation format does not support anchors:
2100:
1383:
1261:
1238:
626:
29:
6246:
5866:
5163:
5139:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1943),
5131:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1937),
5123:Murray, F. J.; von Neumann, John (1936),
4139:
4126:
4113:
4088:
3629:Link works but displays a no target error
1418:A citation inside an explanatory footnote
1004:in the reference section. If you specify
6195:, which, once defined, can be called by
6012:field must be replaced with underscores
5889:A few articles create a custom ID using
5835:The Harvard citation templates create a
4133:
4061:
3597:Otherwise, check that the reference has
3469:It has no wikicode to create an anchor.
2876:
2863:
966:
6008:If CITEREF is used, then spaces in the
5535:The most common citation templates are
5505:
3930:Harvard citation with colon no brackets
1974:: not supported, the template must use
1944:: month or season ranges and year dates
1887:). It is not necessary to include both
1851:{{cite book|...|last=Smith|date=2006b}}
14:
7101:
6615:
4107:
4092:Soil: The Yearbook of Agriculture 1957
4073:
3706:" is not used in the content (see the
2063:
2054:
2041:
2029:
1857:Templates that use Module:Citation/CS1
1745:
1729:
952:
949:§ Adding additional comments or quotes
6500:Converting between references formats
6220:
6117:
6112:MediaWiki:Gadget-ReferenceTooltips.js
5987:) or a double straight quote symbol (
5488:
5434:
5398:
5322:
5303:
5284:
5266:
5248:
4947:
4933:
4889:deprecated by the Knowledge community
4812:
4803:
4779:
4775:
4742:
4738:
4707:
4703:
4619:
4609:
4538:
4525:
4513:
4471:
4458:
4446:
4294:
4255:
4216:
4181:
4006:
3976:
3972:
3945:
3919:
3892:
3866:
3840:
3813:
3317:appear at the bottom of the article.
3279:
3244:
2974:
2961:
2763:
2750:
2715:
2702:
2618:"An Article by an Anonymous Author".
1802:
1788:
1776:
1616:
1593:
1557:
1543:
1396:
1379:
1257:
1234:
1204:Adding a URL for the page or location
1122:
1118:
1082:
913:
878:
843:
808:
591:
505:
480:
468:
455:
442:
106:. Consider discussing changes on the
5991:), which may however be included by
5510:These templates use two elements: a
3770:Other author–date citation templates
3034:, leaving plain text without links.
2479:''Popular Magazine''
1027:Adding additional comments or quotes
555:multiple authors with same last name
538:
384:citation in the references section.
217:
115:
77:
6515:Guidance on source reviewing at FAC
6454:Referencing without using templates
6449:Referencing with citation templates
5975:Inclusion of any other characters,
5514:in the body of the article, and an
2455:. Big Government Institution. 1996.
2451:
2438:
2247:No author name in citation template
1439:Cite error references missing group
1432:can't be directly imbedded between
174:of any article. Since 2020, inline
24:
6973:
5467:puts parentheses around the year.
5315:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|loc=chpt. 3}}
3301:Wikilink to citation does not work
2923:family of templates use parameter
2541:An Article by an Anonymous Author
1942:|date=Winter–Spring 2013c
1638:Multiple lists of inline citations
1605:Clarification of interesting fact.
1525:Clarification of interesting fact.
1176:<ref name="FOOTNOTE...">
1019:
934:
353:referenced in the source (alias:
25:
7125:
7025:
6996:
6941:
6918:
6886:
6855:
6832:
6800:
6771:
6742:
6713:
6684:
6086:is a name such as the publisher.
4681:also produces bundled citations.
1104:"A quote in a secondary source."
201:is designed to be used to create
4488:2008 | title = Smith's Book }}
3877:Harvard citation with colon text
3689:, you may get a false-positive "
3522:<cite>...</cite>
1932:|date=November 9, 2013b
1924:: month or season and year dates
401:was deprecated in September 2020
254:was deprecated in September 2020
119:
81:
30:
6505:Reference display customization
6143:
6103:
5890:
5860:
5848:
4969:More exotic Harvard citations:
4926:
4769:
4732:
4519:
4348:Applications of these templates
4291:Smith, Jones & Brown (2005)
4089:Stefferud, Alfred, ed. (1957).
4067:
3117:A particularly unusual citation
2262:The initials of the institution
2205:
2155:
1928:|date=9 November 2013b
1782:
1770:
1723:
1599:
1519:
1472:It is also possible to use the
1112:
1076:
906:
871:
551:multiple works in the same year
387:Template harv is placed inside
7114:Author–date citation templates
5296:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25–26}}
5278:{{harvcoltxt|Smith|2011|p=25}}
4121:Stout, P. R.; Johnson, C. M. "
3991:Harvard citation year brackets
1958:|date=Summer 2024–25e
1938:|date=June–July 2013c
1434:<ref>...</ref>
1198:<ref>...</ref>
836:
801:
689:
654:
619:
584:
461:
448:
435:
397:<ref>...</ref>
389:<ref>...</ref>
250:<ref>...</ref>
91:approximately 6,000 pages
13:
1:
7044:Template:Harvard citation/doc
7002:Quotes or additional comments
6272:Biographies of living persons
6189:|Joyce|1903|p=
5966:!$ %&()*,-.:;<@^_`{|}~
5455:Similarly, in order to mimic
5340:Parentheses around the year:
5260:{{harvcolnb|Smith|2011|p=25}}
5169:
5158:Some articles use this idiom
5141:Yet Another Mathematics Paper
4392:span can be used to create a
4252:Smith, Jones & Brown 2005
3432:is set correctly (see below).
3415:is set correctly (see below).
3383:field, but the format of the
662:Smith, Jones & Brown 2020
500:
300:> }}</ref>
162:. It is occasionally used in
6214:'ed for quicker load times.
6106:prefix is necessary for the
5927:are preferred to names like
5552:<a name="CITEREF">
5083:The theory was developed by
5048:The theory was developed by
3798:Harvard citation no brackets
2889: (August 15, 1987).
2881:), Yeowell, Steve (
2804:template uses the parameter
1896:
1823:More than one work in a year
1645:Template:Houston family tree
7:
6510:References and page numbers
6444:Introduction to referencing
6154:. E.g.: this template call
5839:to the anchor. For example
5241:{{harvcol|Smith|2011|p=25}}
4164:Shortened footnote template
3903:Harvard citation with colon
3617:Templates that have broken
3146:It is also possible to use
2388:Big Government Institution
2265:The name of the institution
1922:|date=Winter 2013b
1864:{{sfn}}
1834:{{sfn}}
1185:{{sfn}}
1171:{{sfn}}
1155:{{sfn}}
750:for single pages can cause
718:Location in the source text
10:
7130:
7033:
6459:Referencing dos and don'ts
5870:
5823:parameter in place of the
5528:
4986:Template:Harvard citations
4983:
4654:
4568:
4369:
3714:
3524:span to create an anchor.
3313:The correct citation does
3070:Big Government Agency 1999
1971:|date=2013g-11-09
1148:: In the past, the use of
363:– in-source location when
349:– comma-separated list of
210:
57:
7093:Subpages of this template
6644:
6604:Parenthetical referencing
6594:
6578:
6523:
6472:
6439:Citations quick reference
6424:
6406:Punctuation and footnotes
6391:
6338:
6302:
6254:
6108:reference tooltips gadget
5831:Harvard citation wikilink
5482:{{harvp|Smith|2011|p=25}}
5475:
5472:
5371:
5368:
5234:
5231:
5133:Another Mathematics Paper
5035:
5032:
4905:
4902:
4689:
4686:
4595:
4592:
4416:
4413:
3543:: Check that the text in
3217:
3214:
3042:
3039:
2935:
2932:
2836:
2833:
2675:
2672:
2298:
2295:
2134:
2131:
2066:Another Important Journal
2016:Article text. More text.
2002:
1999:
1980:|date=2013-11-09
1954:|date=2024–2025e
1899:). If both are included,
1694:
1691:
1686:within the efn template.
1497:
1494:
1220:
1217:
1055:
1052:
782:
779:
565:
562:
411:
408:
395:. (Using harv outside of
110:before implementing them.
102:subpages, or in your own
89:This template is used on
6358:Citation Style Vancouver
4376:Help:Shortened footnotes
4050:Stout & Johnson 1957
3657:|ignore-err=yes
3594:is set to a matching id.
3422:Citation Style Vancouver
2921:Citation Style Vancouver
2466:
2305:
1993:for link disambiguation.
1918:|date=Jan 2013b
1914:: simple year only dates
1273:
1250:{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=}}
1227:{{harv|Smith|2011|loc=}}
722:The optional parameters
419:title = Smith's Book }}
272:<ref>{{harv | <
263:
6255:Policies and guidelines
4880:parenthetical reference
4583:can be used to link an
3693:which looks like this:
3671:Special:ExpandTemplates
3453:{{wikicite|id={{harvid|
2101:Large number of authors
1948:|date=c. 2013d
1746:Latham, Dwight (1947),
1707:...by the fact itself.
1355:Smith's other book
1121:, p. 2) quoted in
984:The optional parameter
939:The optional parameter
543:large number of authors
7087:Add categories to the
6670:1st author's last name
6524:Template documentation
5867:Using CITEREF directly
5164:implementation details
3981:(and many other forms)
3700:list-defined reference
3687:list-defined reference
3685:an Harv template in a
3489:template (and set the
2877:Morrison, Grant (
2095:Claudia Lauper Bushman
1713:He's his own grandpa.
1144:
980:and similar templates.
746:for multiple pages or
627:Smith & Jones 2020
35:Template documentation
6248:Knowledge referencing
4886:of articles has been
4560:In text attribution:
3971:John Smith (
3851:Harvard citation text
967:Hard-coded link names
941:|postscript=
766:exist as aliases for
178:references have been
6966:124–27 or 42,47,A113
6294:Scientific citations
6267:No original research
5897:) or as a value for
5859:produces the anchor
5506:Implementation notes
5459:citations, template
5175:Using colon format:
4948:Smith, John (2006).
4813:Jones, Mary (2010).
4804:Smith, John (2010).
4620:Smith, John (2009),
4539:Smith, John (2008).
4472:Smith, John (2007).
4404:(without the use of
4355:Shortened footnote:
3556:matches the text in
3420:The citation uses a
1983:|year=2013x
1976:|year=2013g
1964:|date=n.d.f
1912:|date=2013a
1649:Margaret Lea Houston
481:Smith, John (2020).
126:This template uses
7109:Lua-based templates
7031:
6786:Year of publication
6641:
6634:Template parameters
6616:Tracking categories
6411:Shortened footnotes
5545:Module:Citation/CS1
4585:in-text attribution
3780:
3609:with a matching id.
3375:The template has a
3162:No closing period:
953:§ No closing period
393:shortened footnotes
203:shortened footnotes
156:(Smith 2007, p. 22)
6904:Single page number
6632:
6630:
6625:
6426:Help for beginners
6378:Citation templates
6330:Referencing styles
5964:, and the symbols
5911:
5847:produces the link
5522:Citation template
4895:citation footnotes
4861:Harvard citation:
4640:Bundled citation:
4612:, p. 25) ...
4394:shortened footnote
3779:In-text templates
3778:
3742:is possible using
3691:missing key" error
3387:field is unusual.
3325:citation not found
1950:: circa year dates
1805:Smith's other book
1619:Smith's other book
1579:Interesting fact.
1560:Smith's other book
1511:Interesting fact.
1440:
1399:Smith's other book
1166:
1068:Some information.
1006:|ref=none
506:Author(s) and year
158:", for use inside
7030:
7029:
6657:
6626:
6612:
6611:
6586:Knowledge Library
6416:Nesting footnotes
6320:Combining sources
6054:|ref=CITEREF
5981:name="John Smith"
5920:(purely numeric).
5909:
5849:#CITEREFSmith2006
5503:
5502:
5453:
5452:
5337:
5336:
5156:
5155:
5125:Mathematics Paper
5017:is a wrapper for
4966:
4965:
4831:
4830:
4637:
4636:
4557:
4556:
4306:
4305:
4134:Wadleigh, C. H. "
3956:Harvard citations
3645:cite encyclopedia
3430:|harvid=
3298:
3297:
3207:|ps=none
3185:, as produced by
3171:|ps=none
3144:
3143:
2993:
2992:
2977:Smith's 1999 Book
2925:|harvid=
2907:
2906:
2782:
2781:
2766:Important Journal
2718:Important Journal
2636:
2635:
2531:Popular Magazine
2244:
2243:
2228:Important Journal
2213:Smith et al. 1995
2178:Important Journal
2163:Smith et al. 1994
2111:|author=
2082:
2081:
2057:Important Journal
1820:
1819:
1742:
1719:
1635:
1634:
1438:
1415:
1414:
1164:
1162:will result in a
1141:
1140:
972:Not available in
932:
931:
846:, pp. 25–26)
715:
714:
697:Smith et al. 2020
498:
497:
207:complete citation
164:project namespace
160:explanatory notes
148:
147:
114:
113:
16:(Redirected from
7121:
7084:
7073:
7057:
7007:
6984:
6955:
6952:
6929:
6900:
6897:
6869:
6866:
6843:
6814:
6811:
6782:
6753:
6724:
6706:Williams or 2002
6695:
6666:
6658:
6642:
6639:
6631:
6571:
6565:
6560:
6554:
6549:
6543:
6538:
6532:
6480:Cite link labels
6464:Citing Knowledge
6393:Inline citations
6383:Reflist template
6353:Citation Style 2
6348:Citation Style 1
6277:Reliable sources
6241:
6234:
6227:
6218:
6217:
6209:
6198:
6194:
6179:
6175:
6174:</ref>
6173:
6167:
6161:
6153:
6145:
6137:
6121:
6105:
6098:
6092:
6078:
6076:
6070:
6059:
6046:
6018:
6011:
6002:
5998:
5990:
5986:
5982:
5977:including spaces
5971:
5967:
5963:
5959:
5955:
5947:English alphabet
5941:
5937:
5930:
5926:
5919:
5915:
5900:
5896:
5892:
5883:
5862:
5861:CITEREFSmith2006
5858:
5850:
5846:
5553:
5541:Citation Style 2
5537:Citation Style 1
5476:Renders as
5470:
5469:
5466:
5457:Citation Style 1
5438:
5432:
5402:
5396:
5372:Renders as
5366:
5365:
5362:
5350:
5344:
5235:Renders as
5229:
5228:
5225:
5217:
5209:
5198:
5190:
5182:
5161:
5143:
5135:
5127:
5050:F. J. Murray
5036:Renders as
5030:
5029:
5026:
5020:
5016:
5010:
5006:
5001:
4979:
4973:
4953:
4937:
4930:
4906:Renders as
4900:
4899:
4877:
4865:
4856:
4848:
4840:
4818:
4809:
4782:
4773:
4745:
4736:
4690:Renders as
4684:
4683:
4680:
4671:bundle citations
4668:
4650:
4644:
4624:
4596:Renders as
4590:
4589:
4582:
4564:
4544:
4529:
4523:
4517:
4511:
4477:
4462:
4456:
4450:
4444:
4417:Renders as
4411:
4410:
4407:
4403:
4391:
4387:
4365:
4359:
4343:
4335:
4324:
4313:Citation Style 1
4298:
4288:
4274:
4259:
4249:
4235:
4220:
4214:
4200:
4185:
4179:
4167:
4158:
4143:
4140:Stefferud (1957)
4136:Growth of Plants
4130:
4127:Stefferud (1957)
4117:
4114:Stefferud (1957)
4104:
4076:
4071:
4065:
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3968:
3959:
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3906:
3889:
3880:
3863:
3854:
3836:
3827:
3824:Harvard citation
3810:
3801:
3781:
3777:
3751:
3745:
3726:
3724:
3711:
3705:
3668:
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3658:
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3431:
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3407:
3394:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3356:Citation Style 1
3350:
3342:
3328:
3283:
3277:
3247:
3242:
3218:Renders as
3212:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3200:
3192:
3183:Citation style 2
3180:
3172:
3165:
3149:
3131:
3120:
3114:
3086:
3085:
3073:
3067:
3043:Renders as
3037:
3036:
3033:
3025:
3016:
3008:
3000:
2980:
2965:
2959:
2936:Renders as
2930:
2929:
2926:
2914:
2910:Using harv with
2894:
2867:
2861:
2837:Renders as
2831:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2815:
2807:
2803:
2797:
2789:
2785:Using harv with
2769:
2754:
2748:
2721:
2706:
2700:
2676:Renders as
2670:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2653:
2646:
2642:
2623:
2620:Popular Magazine
2608:
2603:Popular Magazine
2599:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:Popular Magazine
2569:
2566:
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2550:
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2299:Renders as
2293:
2292:
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2166:
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2135:Renders as
2129:
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5089:J. von Neumann
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5054:J. von Neumann
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2453:Important Book
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1397:Smith (2011).
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6495:Cite messages
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6473:Advanced help
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6262:Verifiability
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6056:cite_nameyear
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6014:
6013:
6007:
6003:respectively.
5994:
5976:
5974:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5944:
5933:
5925:"Nguyen 2010"
5922:
5907:
5904:
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5517:
5513:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5491:, p. 25
5490:
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5051:
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5023:
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4999:
4991:
4987:
4980:
4974:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4951:
4946:
4945:
4936:, p. 25)
4935:
4929:
4925:
4919:
4915:
4910:
4909:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4881:
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4858:
4854:
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4633:
4631:
4630:
4623:
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4611:
4608:According to
4605:
4600:
4599:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4580:
4572:
4565:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4542:
4537:
4536:
4528:, p. 26.
4527:
4522:
4516:, p. 25.
4515:
4510:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4495:
4491:
4485:
4484:
4475:
4470:
4469:
4461:, p. 26.
4460:
4455:
4449:, p. 25.
4448:
4443:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4427:
4421:
4420:
4412:
4409:
4401:
4395:
4385:
4377:
4373:
4366:
4360:
4352:
4345:
4341:
4333:
4322:
4317:
4314:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4297:, p. 50.
4296:
4292:
4287:
4283:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4258:, p. 50.
4257:
4253:
4248:
4244:
4239:
4237:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4219:, p. 25.
4218:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4202:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4184:, p. 25.
4183:
4178:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4124:
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4105:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4087:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4075:
4070:
4063:
4062:Wadleigh 1957
4058:
4051:
4046:
4042:
4039:
4038:
4031:
4027:
4022:
4018:
4013:
4012:
4009:, p. 25
4008:
4005:
4001:
3996:
3992:
3987:
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3856:
3852:
3847:
3846:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3825:
3820:
3819:
3816:, p. 25
3815:
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3674:
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3665:
3664:Sfn whitelist
3646:
3641:(which wraps
3638:
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