612:
what is now
Capitaland). The grandiose food court was opened with a lot of fanfare and wide media publicity, with several innovations, including a performing stage brought back street eating, reminiscent of the old Orchard Road carpark. This required a complete re-design of old Singapore push-carts, incorporating modern sanitary standards. It also required cooperation between the developer and various government authorities in order to close the street each evening to traffic. Renaissance Properties also installed a chiming clock, imported from Switzerland, which continues to operate today, reminiscent of an earlier era. Unfortunately due to economic conditions, financial returns could not be realised. In addition, poor ventilation became a problem (no air conditioning) and affected higher end dining. Lau Pa Sat was later taken over in 1995 by Kopitiam, another food court operator, which changed the concept to become a large food court. However, they retained the Jumabhoy's original idea of the food carts taking over the street alongside the market each evening.
488:
structure 125 feet (38 m) in diameter, and an inner drum 40 feet (12 m) in diameter. As with the previous structure, it suffered from its exposure to the monsoons and the sea, and soon after its construction, concerns over its safety were voiced, and the market needed to be repaired. In 1841, the market was extended on one side of the main building under the supervision of contractor Denis McSwiney with the erection of a new fish market. This new structure was a long open shed, and it was later further extended to run roughly parallel to two sides of the octagonal market. The extension would help protect the main market by serving as a breakwater to reduce the force of the swells and surf from the east. Despite concerns over its safety for many years, it stood for over 40 years until it was demolished when land was reclaimed on Telok Ayer Bay. The prominence of the market on the waterfront made the building a landmark of early
Singapore.
142:
214:
417:
737:
652:
497:
42:
713:
701:
725:
1401:
534:
149:
530:
18,000. This building, which is the current one still standing, was placed close to the waterfront and served as a general market, but linked by a bridge to a fish market built over the sea. However, further land reclamations in the 20th century meant that the octagonal building is now some distance from the shoreline.
671:, who adopted George Drumgoole Coleman's original octagonal shape for the older market. The cast-iron structures were crafted by Walter MacFarlane & Company, an iron foundry in Glasgow, Scotland. These were then shipped over to Singapore, and assembled on its current location by Riley Hargreaves & Co.
611:
name most
Singaporeans used to refer to the market. The old market reopened in 1991 as a festival market, a modern food court and entertainment centre catering to office workers and tourists. The owner was the Jumabhoy family's Renaissance Property (part of Scotts Holding Ltd, which was acquired by
615:
A major renovation of Lau Pa Sat, costing $ 4 million and lasting 9 months, began on 1 September 2013. The layout of the stalls was reconfigured in the renovation, reducing the number of stalls but increasing the seating. Better ventilation with eight industrial ceiling fans was also installed. It
529:
in 1868. The great cast-iron columns which support the structure bear the maker's mark of W. MacFarlane and Co., also of
Glasgow. The iron structure was erected by Riley Hargreaves & Co. (now United Engineers) at a cost of $ 14,900, while building contractor Chea Keow laid the foundation for $
487:
at the entrance. The building had twice the area of the older market, and was formed of an outer and inner drum, with the colonnade of the outer drum letting in light but also providing shelter from the sun and rain. This building was built on two octagonal rings of brick piers, which supported a
508:
is now located began. The newly reclaimed land, on which the current market now sits, was declared to be ready for use in 1890, and construction of a new market was initiated. The market was certified as completed on 1 March 1894, and Market Street was extended to the new location. The new
457:
structure, opened in 1824. It was built on the shore with part of its structure extended out to the sea, so waste from the market may be washed away by the tides and produce can be loaded or unloaded directly from boats via jetties. However, the building was not well-constructed – the timber
642:
Lau Pa Sat underwent a minor renovation in 2020. In
November 2020, part of Lau Pa Sat opened partially for a new food hall – Food Folks sized around 7,000 square feet (650 m) – Singapore's first locally focused F&B and retail blended space. The rest of Lau Pa Sat reopened in 2021.
471:
again in 1827 regardless of fire regulation. The building was repeatedly repaired but by 1830, the structure was judged to be in an "extremely unsafe state" and needed to be rebuilt. A temporary market was erected in 1832 while a newer building awaited construction.
384:
was one of the oldest markets in
Singapore; a new market called Ellenborough Market was later built along Ellenborough Street (now the site of The Central shopping mall, next to Tew Chew Street), and that market became known to the locals as the "new market"
553:, and later dismantled and forgotten. It was rediscovered in pieces in 1989 by a team responsible for the restoration works for Raffles Hotel. The fountain has since been reassembled and restored, and now forms the centrepiece of the Palm Garden at the
466:
roof also did not comply with building regulations and was therefore replaced with tiles. However, the structure was not strong enough to support a tile roof and was in danger of collapse, and it had to be replaced with
280:. It was first built in 1824 as a fish market on the waterfront serving the people of early colonial Singapore and rebuilt in 1838. It was then relocated and rebuilt at the present location in 1894. It is currently a
788:
2302:
2086:
2133:
545:
A cast-iron fountain was originally placed at the centre of the market under the clock tower, but in 1902 the fountain was moved to the front of the now demolished
674:
A lantern is placed at the center, allowing daylight to illuminate the interior. The lantern is topped by a clock tower installed in 1991, and there is a set of a
1392:
397:
meaning "the mouth of the new market"), while the Telok Ayer Market in turn became known colloquially as the "old market" or Lau Pa Sat. Because of its
537:
This fountain was originally placed at the center of the Telok Ayer Market. It was later moved to the
Orchard Road Market, and is now located in the
2154:
1250:
2470:
2450:
1130:
1959:
619:
The market is the only remaining one left that served the resident in the central district in early
Singapore. The other four being the
2043:
1112:
2070:
1207:
2465:
2078:
1382:
141:
62:
1341:
Telok Ayer Market : a historical account of the market from the founding of the settlement of
Singapore to the present time.
1795:
1089:
1014:
984:
847:
513:(who also designed the MacRitchie Reservoir). MacRitchie adopted the octagonal shape of Coleman's original design, and used
2460:
1819:
1397:
600:(MRT) line which runs underneath the building. The building was taken apart and its cast-iron supports put into storage in
911:
Telok Ayer market: a historical account of the market from the founding of the settlement of
Singapore to the present time
712:
1692:
1587:
1458:
1228:
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in Asia. It is also the only remaining market left that served the residents in the central district of early Singapore.
115:
2455:
1991:
1442:
1846:
1779:
1327:
1189:
937:
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319:) is named after Telok Ayer Bay. In the early nineteenth century, the market was a simple wooden building located on
17:
2137:
1932:
1892:
1482:
1405:
1353:
590:
170:
2286:
2146:
1941:
Nanyang University Arch, Nanyang University Memorial and Nanyang University Library and Administration Building
1916:
1498:
597:
462:
on which the building was placed were not sturdy enough, and needed to be replaced soon after completion. Its
2337:
2248:
1030:
509:
building, which covers an area of 55,000 square feet (5,100 m), was designed by the Municipal Engineer
2015:
1811:
1603:
736:
1296:"Lao Pa Sat Now Has New Section For Budding S'pore Brands & Hawkers, No Longer Just A Place For Satay"
1269:
1160:
1060:
2376:
1827:
604:. Once the track-laying project was finished, the Telok Ayer Market was reconstructed in the late 1980s.
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2178:
1450:
1387:
1372:
2210:
1733:
1138:
959:
2384:
1517:
683:
570:
505:
500:
The distinctive clock tower of Telok Ayer Market, incorporating the chiming clock installed in 1991
476:
421:
447:
The construction of the Telok Ayer Market started in 1823 under the supervision of police officer
2227:
1884:
628:
273:
2170:
2007:
1999:
1803:
664:
656:
398:
288:
1179:
864:
807:
762:
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2223:
1865:
1533:
1490:
1079:
974:
837:
724:
448:
425:
700:
517:
pillars to support the building. The cast-iron work cost £13,200, and was shipped out from
2219:
2162:
1771:
1622:
624:
451:
at a site on the southern end of Market Street on Telok Ayer Bay. The market, a timber-and-
323:
just over the waters of Telok Ayer Bay before land reclamation work filled in the bay. The
1204:
635:, nicknamed Teochew Market where the surrounding area was populated by Teochews, near the
577:—had transformed into a major commercial and financial district of Singapore, and a
8:
2329:
2113:
1908:
1700:
632:
620:
581:
was no longer considered suitable for the area. In 1972, the market was converted into a
432:
The first market built in Singapore, a fish market, was located on the south bank of the
2094:
1940:
1900:
947:
479:, commenced on the same site in 1836 and it was completed in 1838. Coleman produced an
2425:
1323:
1185:
1085:
1010:
980:
933:
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843:
813:
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332:
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2321:
1654:
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510:
441:
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339:
312:
261:
225:
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2034:
1924:
1541:
1525:
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1367:
1211:
1004:
636:
526:
459:
433:
320:
627:
popularly known as Beach Road, demolished in 1983 to make way for now currently
1787:
453:
381:
324:
304:
253:
1031:"Preservation of Monuments Board: "Former Telok Ayer Market (now Lau Pa Sat)""
651:
496:
2444:
2356:
1673:
1568:
586:
582:
574:
554:
538:
504:
In 1879, land reclamation work on Telok Ayer Bay to create the land on which
436:
near the north end of the Market Street. On 4 November 1822, as part of his
269:
77:
64:
335:
was located alongside the bay before land reclamation work started in 1879.
41:
1737:
1595:
1549:
546:
437:
291:
in South-East Asia and one of the first structures built in pre-fabricated
2417:
1762:
655:
The intricate roof and column structures of the Lau Pa Sat are typically
566:
1758:
608:
578:
533:
281:
1400:
514:
292:
277:
1388:
Telok Ayer Market – The historic hawker centre in downtown Singapore
589:
value of Telok Ayer Marker was recognised, and it was gazetted as a
675:
549:
Market. The fountain was moved again in 1930 to the Grand Hotel in
678:
producing Chinese, Malay and Indian melodies. The 23 Dutch bronze
2136:
and Former Raffles College, currently the Bukit Timah campus of
1038:
518:
480:
444:
issued an instruction to relocate the fish market to Telok Ayer.
369:
357:
601:
550:
484:
373:
347:
233:
1229:"Lau Pa Sat: Old market that was rebuilt into a food paradise"
862:
805:
596:
In 1986, the market was closed to allow construction of a new
428:. The fish market extension is visible behind the main market.
565:
By the early 1970s, the area around Telok Ayer Market—
679:
607:
In 1989, the market was officially renamed Lau Pa Sat, the
522:
401:
1383:
360° X 360° virtual reality tour of the Telok Ayer Market
1205:
National Library of Singapore: "Former Telok Ayer Market"
1006:
A History of Singapore Architecture: The Making of a City
1002:
475:
The construction of a new market, designed by architect
420:
The old Telok Ayer Market at the seaside as designed by
694:
The photographs of the renovated Lau Pa Sat are below.
125:
404:
structure, the market is also referred to in Malay as
924:
922:
920:
1113:"Former Telok Ayer Market (now known as Lau Pa Sat)"
27:
Historic building in Singapore used as a food centre
1343:, Singapore, Archives & Oral History Department
1300:
Must Share News - Independent News For Singaporeans
917:
424:at Telok Ayer Bay. Details of an 1847 painting by
2357:Changi Prison, Old Entrance Gate, Turret and Wall
2087:Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary
1320:Singapore - A Guide to Buildings, Streets, Places
2442:
812:. Eastern Universities Press. pp. 112–113.
767:. Eastern Universities Press. pp. 67, 378.
686:(figure of a bell striker) dress like a coolie.
521:by P&W MacLellan, who had also supplied the
284:with stalls selling a variety of local cuisine.
1003:Jane Beamish; Jane Ferguson (1 December 1985).
913:. Archives & Oral History Dept., Singapore.
1181:Toponymics - A Study of Singapore Street Names
866:Toponymics - A Study of Singapore Street Names
809:Toponymics - A Study of Singapore Street Names
764:Toponymics - A Study of Singapore Street Names
718:Re-opening of the food court after renovation
331:means "bay water", and the then coastal road
268:), is a historic building located within the
1960:The Chinese High School Clock Tower Building
1077:
972:
835:
1184:. Eastern Universities Press. p. 379.
1084:. Cavendish Square Publishing. p. 24.
1009:. Graham Brash (Pte.) Ltd. pp. 44–45.
932:. Archipelago Press. 2002. pp. 44–45.
908:
869:. Eastern Universities Press. p. 379.
842:. Cavendish Square Publishing. p. 26.
243:
1177:
760:
40:
998:
996:
976:Singapore: A Pictorial History, 1819-2000
863:Victor R Savage; Brenda S A Yeoh (2003).
806:Victor R Savage; Brenda S A Yeoh (2003).
2179:Bowyer Block, Singapore General Hospital
1161:"Singapore's Iconic Fountains of Dreams"
1107:
1105:
1103:
1101:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
650:
532:
495:
415:
212:
1788:Old Parliament House and Annex Building
1738:Convent of the Holy Infant Jesus Chapel
1244:
1242:
1222:
1220:
1178:Savage, Victor R; Yeoh, Brenda (2003).
761:Savage, Victor R; Yeoh, Brenda (2003).
372:pronunciation of the Persian loanword "
356:) means "old market" in the vernacular
14:
2471:19th-century architecture in Singapore
2451:Commercial buildings completed in 1894
2443:
1267:
993:
1396:
1098:
883:
831:
829:
287:The market remains one of the oldest
248:'Old Market'), also known as
1248:
1239:
1226:
1217:
2407:
1693:Telok Ayer Chinese Methodist Church
1318:Norman Edwards, Peter Keys (1996),
1293:
1198:
1023:
393:, Ellenborough Street was known as
156:Location of Lau Pa Sat in Singapore
24:
1992:Prinsep Street Presbyterian Church
1828:Former Attorney-General's Chambers
1443:Old Thong Chai Medical Institution
1333:
1270:"Meet the new folks at Lau Pa Sat"
1227:Khew, Carolyn (22 December 2016).
826:
380:in Malay. The original Telok Ayer
148:
25:
2482:
1847:Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall
1820:Former Saint Joseph's Institution
1780:Victoria Theatre and Concert Hall
1701:Goodwood Park Hotel (Tower Block)
1347:
1251:"New eats at revamped Lau Pa Sat"
2138:National University of Singapore
1399:
1294:Tay, Julian (27 November 2020).
735:
723:
711:
699:
560:
147:
140:
2466:National monuments of Singapore
2044:Church of Saints Peter and Paul
1893:Old Ministry of Labour Building
1406:National monuments of Singapore
1287:
1261:
1171:
1153:
1123:
1071:
1053:
1035:Preservation of Monuments Board
930:Singapore's 100 Historic Places
646:
2287:Chung Cheng High School (Main)
1917:Old Hill Street Police Station
1499:Cathedral of the Good Shepherd
1078:Wan Meng Hao (15 April 2011).
973:Gretchen Liu (27 April 2001).
966:
856:
836:Wan Meng Hao (15 April 2011).
799:
781:
754:
585:. However, the historical and
352:
238:
171:National monument of Singapore
13:
1:
2303:Masjid Alkaff Upper Serangoon
2249:Tanjong Pagar railway station
2079:Church of Our Lady of Lourdes
1322:, Times Books International,
979:. Routledge. pp. 48–49.
747:
491:
2016:College of Medicine Building
1812:National Museum of Singapore
1604:Sri Srinivasa Perumal Temple
1373:Resources in other libraries
1249:Quek, Eunice (6 July 2014).
1214:, retrieved 21 November 2012
1081:Heritage Places of Singapore
839:Heritage Places of Singapore
793:Ministry of Education, R.O.C
298:
7:
2461:Hawker centres in Singapore
1268:hermes (28 November 2020).
10:
2487:
2295:Sri Thendayuthapani Temple
1796:Old Supreme Court Building
1119:. National Heritage Board.
616:reopened on 30 June 2014.
411:
2456:Downtown Core (Singapore)
2398:
2365:
2346:
2311:
2276:
2257:
2237:
2211:Singapore Conference Hall
2200:
2191:
2122:
2103:
2060:
2024:
1981:
1972:
1949:
1874:
1855:
1836:
1747:
1722:
1713:
1682:
1663:
1644:
1635:
1612:
1577:
1558:
1507:
1432:
1423:
1412:
1368:Resources in your library
1067:. National Library Board.
689:
483:building with ornamental
343:
316:
265:
229:
207:
203:
195:
177:
168:
164:
135:
131:
121:
111:
93:
56:
48:
39:
34:
1467:Former Telok Ayer Market
663:Lau Pa Sat's octagonal,
477:George Drumgoole Coleman
422:George Drumgoole Coleman
2134:Manasseh Meyer Building
1885:Maghain Aboth Synagogue
360:Chinese of Singapore. "
116:National Heritage Board
99:; 130 years ago
78:1.280629°N 103.850396°E
2171:St James Power Station
2008:Tan Teck Guan Building
2000:Former Admiralty House
1804:Empress Place Building
742:Entrance to Lau Pa Sat
660:
542:
501:
429:
308:
257:
218:
183:; 51 years ago
2268:Civilian War Memorial
2224:Tan Kim Seng Fountain
2071:Saint Joseph's Church
1866:Yueh Hai Ching Temple
1588:Saint George's Church
1534:House of Tan Yeok Nee
1491:Masjid Hajjah Fatimah
1459:St Andrew's Cathedral
654:
536:
499:
449:Francis James Bernard
440:to remodel the town,
426:John Turnbull Thomson
419:
217:Lau Pa Sat from above
216:
2220:Lim Bo Seng Memorial
2163:Former Command House
1933:Central Fire Station
1623:Masjid Abdul Gaffoor
1483:Sri Mariamman Temple
909:Kip Lin Lee (1983).
625:Clyde Terrace Market
376:" (market) which is
289:Victorian structures
126:https://laupasat.sg/
83:1.280629; 103.850396
2330:Istana Kampong Glam
2147:Church of St Teresa
2114:Former Ford Factory
1909:Chesed-El Synagogue
1339:Lee Kip Lin (1983)
1065:Singapore Infopedia
665:cast-iron structure
633:Ellenborough Market
621:Orchard Road Market
573:, Cecil Street and
303:Telok Ayer Market (
74: /
2338:Fullerton Building
2095:Tou Mu Kung Temple
1901:Old Tao Nan School
1210:2009-08-27 at the
1167:. 26 October 2014.
1165:Remember Singapore
661:
598:Mass Rapid Transit
543:
502:
430:
408:(market of iron).
219:
196:Reference no.
2438:
2437:
2434:
2433:
2394:
2393:
2187:
2186:
1968:
1967:
1709:
1708:
1631:
1630:
1354:Library resources
1274:The Straits Times
1255:The Straits Times
1233:The Straits Times
1091:978-981-4312-95-0
1016:978-9971-947-97-2
986:978-0-7007-1584-8
849:978-981-4312-95-0
623:, Rochor Market,
593:on 28 June 1973.
591:national monument
333:Telok Ayer Street
250:Telok Ayer Market
246:
211:
210:
181:28 June 1973
97:1 March 1894
18:Telok Ayer Market
16:(Redirected from
2478:
2405:
2404:
2322:Jurong Town Hall
2198:
2197:
1979:
1978:
1720:
1719:
1655:Siong Lim Temple
1642:
1641:
1430:
1429:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1393:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1282:
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1265:
1259:
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1246:
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1236:
1224:
1215:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1141:on 26 April 2017
1137:. Archived from
1127:
1121:
1120:
1109:
1096:
1095:
1075:
1069:
1068:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1046:
1037:. Archived from
1027:
1021:
1020:
1000:
991:
990:
970:
964:
963:
957:
953:
951:
943:
926:
915:
914:
906:
881:
880:
860:
854:
853:
833:
824:
823:
803:
797:
796:
785:
779:
778:
758:
739:
730:Seatings outside
727:
715:
703:
682:are struck by a
669:James MacRitchie
667:was designed by
629:Gateway Building
511:James MacRitchie
442:Stamford Raffles
354:
345:
318:
309:Pasar Telok Ayer
267:
258:Pasar Telok Ayer
247:
244:
240:
231:
191:
189:
184:
151:
150:
144:
107:
105:
100:
89:
88:
86:
85:
84:
79:
75:
72:
71:
70:
67:
44:
32:
31:
21:
2486:
2485:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2477:
2476:
2475:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2430:
2400:
2390:
2381:Cavenagh Bridge
2377:Anderson Bridge
2361:
2342:
2307:
2272:
2253:
2233:
2193:
2183:
2118:
2099:
2056:
2052:MacDonald House
2035:Cathay Building
2020:
1974:
1964:
1945:
1925:Ying Fo Fui Kun
1870:
1851:
1832:
1743:
1715:
1705:
1678:
1659:
1637:
1627:
1608:
1573:
1554:
1542:Tan Si Chong Su
1526:Masjid Al-Abrar
1503:
1475:Thian Hock Keng
1451:Armenian Church
1425:
1419:
1408:
1398:
1379:
1378:
1377:
1362:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1336:
1334:Further reading
1315:
1314:
1304:
1302:
1292:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1266:
1262:
1247:
1240:
1225:
1218:
1212:Wayback Machine
1203:
1199:
1192:
1176:
1172:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1092:
1076:
1072:
1061:"Robinson Road"
1059:
1058:
1054:
1044:
1042:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1017:
1001:
994:
987:
971:
967:
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907:
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782:
775:
759:
755:
750:
743:
740:
731:
728:
719:
716:
707:
704:
692:
649:
637:New Bridge Road
563:
527:Cavenagh Bridge
494:
434:Singapore River
414:
395:Sin Pa Sat Kham
301:
187:
185:
182:
173:
160:
159:
158:
157:
154:
153:
152:
103:
101:
98:
82:
80:
76:
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571:Robinson Road
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561:As food court
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1303:. Retrieved
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1143:. Retrieved
1139:the original
1134:
1131:"Facilities"
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1039:the original
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438:general plan
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338:Lau Pa Sat (
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274:Central Area
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221:
220:
29:
2418:Fort Siloso
1763:Sri Temasek
1418:demolished)
1045:21 November
956:|work=
567:Shenton Way
81: /
69:103°51′01″E
57:Coordinates
2445:Categories
1759:The Istana
1359:Lau Pa Sat
1305:9 February
1279:9 February
748:References
684:jacquemart
609:vernacular
579:wet market
492:Relocation
406:pasar besi
391:Sin Pa Sat
387:Pasar Baru
329:Telok Ayer
282:food court
222:Lau Pa Sat
188:1973-06-28
178:Designated
104:1894-03-01
35:Lau Pa Sat
1772:City Hall
1414:(Legend:
958:ignored (
948:cite book
657:Victorian
515:cast-iron
481:octagonal
399:Victorian
368:" is the
353:Lǎo Bāshā
299:Etymology
293:cast iron
278:Singapore
239:Lǎo Bāshā
66:1°16′50″N
2401:in 2020s
2399:Gazetted
2194:in 2010s
2192:Gazetted
1975:in 2000s
1973:Gazetted
1716:in 1990s
1714:Gazetted
1638:in 1980s
1636:Gazetted
1426:in 1970s
1424:Gazetted
1208:Archived
676:Carillon
525:for the
49:Location
2247:Former
519:Glasgow
485:columns
412:History
370:Hokkien
358:Hokkien
340:Chinese
313:Chinese
272:in the
262:Chinese
226:Chinese
186: (
122:Website
102: (
2426:Padang
1356:about
1326:
1188:
1145:14 May
1088:
1013:
983:
936:
873:
846:
816:
771:
690:Images
602:Jurong
551:Katong
382:market
374:bazaar
366:Pa Sat
350::
348:pinyin
342::
317:直落亚逸巴刹
315::
266:直落亚逸巴刹
264::
236::
234:pinyin
228::
1117:Roots
680:bells
460:piles
378:pasar
327:name
325:Malay
321:piles
305:Malay
254:Malay
94:Built
2408:2022
2383:and
2366:2019
2347:2016
2312:2015
2277:2014
2258:2013
2238:2011
2226:and
2201:2010
2123:2009
2104:2006
2061:2005
2025:2003
1982:2002
1950:1999
1875:1998
1856:1996
1837:1994
1761:and
1748:1992
1736:and
1723:1990
1683:1989
1664:1987
1645:1980
1613:1979
1578:1978
1559:1975
1508:1974
1433:1973
1324:ISBN
1307:2021
1281:2021
1186:ISBN
1147:2017
1086:ISBN
1047:2012
1011:ISBN
981:ISBN
960:help
934:ISBN
871:ISBN
844:ISBN
814:ISBN
769:ISBN
631:and
523:iron
469:atap
464:atap
454:atap
402:iron
245:lit.
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789:"老"
389:or
362:Lau
344:老巴刹
276:of
230:老巴刹
2447::
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2222:,
1515:9.
1496:8.
1488:7.
1480:6.
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