1029:
32:(something in the soil recognizably made or extracted from the earth by humans), some sort of geotechnical liner, or are sealed by technic hard material (hard material created by humans, having properties unlike natural rock). They include soils from wastes (landfills, sludge, cinders, mine spoils and ashes), pavements with their underlying unconsolidated materials, soils with
59:
Most of the research on anthropogenic soils describe specific aspects of their biology, chemistry or physical properties, cultural heritage and human geography, erosion, wastes, pollution, fertilizer management, taxonomy. Very few of them, try to answer to the question: How fast do they start
36:
and constructed soils in human-made materials. Transported natural soil material does not qualify as
Technosol and is described with the Transportic qualifier in WRB. Technosols are often referred to as urban or mine soils. They are recognized in the new
60:
pedogenesis (viz., differentiating horizons)? A Technosol could differentiate A and O horizons at rates of more than one centimeter per year. Technosols are found throughout the world, e.g. at or near
216:
Bini, C. & Gaballo, S. (2006). "Pedogenic trends in anthrosols developed in sulfidic mine spoils: A case study in the
Temperino mine archaeological area (Campiglia Marittima, Tuscany, Italy)".
38:
56:, which are soils created by long-term measures to enhance fertility for agricultural use, like the intensive addition of organic matter to a soil, such as an old urban garden.
48:
Technosols are developed on all kinds of materials made or exposed by human activity that otherwise would not occur at the Earth’s surface. They occur mostly in urban and
399:
P. Schad: Technosols in the World
Reference Base for Soil Resources – history and definitions. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 64(2), 138–144, Tokyo 2018.
372:
331:
282:
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Wei, C., Ni, J., Gao, M., Xie, D., and
Hasegawa S. (2006). "Anthropic pedogenesis of purple rock fragments in Sichuan Basin, China".
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IUSS Working Group WRB: World
Reference Base for Soil Resources, fourth edition. International Union of Soil Sciences, Vienna 2022.
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These soils are more likely to be contaminated than other soils. Many
Technosols have to be treated with care as they may contain
463:
21:
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129:
247:
Bokhorst, M.P., Duller, G.A.T., Van Mourik, J.M. (2005). "Optical dating of a Fimic
Anthrosol in the southern Netherlands".
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52:, usually in small areas, and can be associated with other soil groups in a complex pattern. They are closely related to
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W. Zech, P. Schad, G. Hintermaier-Erhard: Soils of the World. Springer, Berlin 2022, Chapter 12.3.3.
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171:"Classification of Urban and Industrial Soils in the World Reference Base for Soil Resources"
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are dominated by their technical origin. They contain either a significant amount of
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Scalenghe, R., Ferraris, S. (2009). "The first forty years of a
Technosol".
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Reference Soil Group that combines soils whose properties and
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153:"World Reference Base for Soil Resources, 4th edition"
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83:substances resulting from industrial processes.
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76:dumps, oil spills and coal fly ash deposits.
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22:World Reference Base for Soil Resources
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741:Canadian system of soil classification
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416:profile photos (with classification)
410:profile photos (with classification)
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725:Unified Soil Classification System
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43:Technogenic Superficial Formations
39:Russian soil classification system
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730:AASHTO Soil Classification System
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249:Journal of Archaeological Science
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151:IUSS Working Group WRB (2022).
746:Australian Soil Classification
737:(French classification system)
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175:Journal of Soils and Sediments
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1:
359:10.1016/S1002-0160(08)60082-X
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318:10.1016/j.catena.2006.04.022
234:10.1016/j.quaint.2006.05.033
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766:List of vineyard soil types
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751:Polish Soil Classification
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775:Non-systematic soil types
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269:10.1016/j.jas.2003.11.011
761:List of U.S. state soils
218:Quaternary International
756:1938 USDA soil taxonomy
735:Référentiel pédologique
719:FAO soil classification
220:. 156–157 (1): 70–78.
195:10.1065/jss2007.02.208
169:Rossiter, D G (2007).
108:Pedology (soil study)
887:Calcareous grassland
464:World Reference Base
456:Soil classification
418:IUSS World of Soils
310:2006Caten..68...51W
261:2005JArSc..32..547B
226:2006QuInt.156...70B
187:2007JSoSe...7...96R
113:Soil classification
640:USDA soil taxonomy
466:for Soil Resources
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395:978-3-540-30460-9
130:979-8-9862451-1-9
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367:cite journal
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326:cite journal
304:(1): 51–58.
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277:cite journal
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34:geomembranes
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1007:Terra rossa
1002:Terra preta
982:Spodic soil
902:Duplex soil
882:Brown earth
862:Alkali soil
852:Rhizosphere
847:Laimosphere
721:(1974–1998)
678:Inceptisols
585:Plinthosols
550:Kastanozems
103:Pedogenesis
26:pedogenesis
1046:Categories
987:Stagnogley
937:Lunar soil
892:Dark earth
877:Brickearth
842:Pedosphere
812:Soil crust
620:Technosols
605:Solonchaks
525:Ferralsols
490:Anthrosols
347:Pedosphere
119:References
54:Anthrosols
972:Quicksand
917:Fill dirt
857:Bulk soil
703:Vertisols
693:Spodosols
683:Mollisols
673:Histosols
658:Aridisols
630:Vertisols
625:Umbrisols
615:Stagnosol
580:Planosols
575:Phaeozems
555:Leptosols
540:Gypsisols
530:Fluvisols
510:Chernozem
505:Cambisols
500:Calcisols
495:Arenosols
353:: 40–52.
93:Anthrosol
30:artefacts
18:Technosol
1052:Pedology
957:Paleosol
872:Blue goo
827:Gypcrust
698:Ultisols
668:Gelisols
663:Entisols
653:Andisols
648:Alfisols
610:Solonetz
600:Retisols
595:Regosols
570:Nitisols
565:Luvisols
560:Lixisols
545:Histosol
535:Gleysols
520:Durisols
515:Cryosols
485:Andosols
475:Acrisols
203:10338446
87:See also
907:Eluvium
867:Bay mud
832:Caliche
822:Hardpan
817:Claypan
807:Subsoil
802:Topsoil
688:Oxisols
590:Podzols
480:Alisols
468:(1998–)
306:Bibcode
257:Bibcode
222:Bibcode
183:Bibcode
20:in the
1017:Yedoma
952:Muskeg
393:
298:Catena
201:
128:
74:refuse
62:cities
997:Takir
932:Loess
199:S2CID
156:(PDF)
81:toxic
70:mines
66:roads
962:Peat
797:Loam
792:Clay
787:Silt
782:Sand
391:ISBN
373:link
332:link
283:link
126:ISBN
947:Mud
355:doi
314:doi
265:doi
230:doi
191:doi
41:as
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.