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795:. The resulting staff backlash caused serious disruptions and staff strikes. In a statement, the theatre's board said it was "urgent to unify the theatre's management". On 16 March 2005, the La Scala orchestra and other staff overwhelmingly approved a no-confidence motion against Muti. They demanded the resignation of Fontana's replacement, Mauro Meli. Muti had already been forced to cancel a concert a few days earlier because of the disagreements. Italy's culture minister,
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565:, from which the theatre gets its name. The church was deconsecrated and demolished. Over a period of two years, the theatre was completed by Pietro Marliani, Pietro Nosetti, and Antonio and Giuseppe Fe. The theatre had a total of "3,000 or so" seats organized into 678 pit-stalls, arranged in six tiers of boxes above which is the 'loggione' or two galleries. Its stage is one of the largest in Italy (16.15m d x 20.4m w x 26m h).
379:(La Scala Theatre Museum), accessible from the theatre's foyer and a part of the house, contains a collection of paintings, drafts, statues, costumes, and other documents regarding the history of La Scala and of opera in general. La Scala also hosts the Accademia d'Arti e Mestieri dello Spettacolo (Academy for the Performing Arts). Its goal is to train a new generation of young musicians, technical staff, and dancers (at the
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1982:
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572:. La Scala (as it came to be known) soon became the preeminent meeting place for noble and wealthy Milanese people. In the tradition of the times, the main floor had no chairs, and spectators watched the shows standing up. The orchestra was in full sight, as the orchestra pit had not yet been built.
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proved controversial, as preservationists feared that historic details would be lost. However, the opera company was satisfied with the improvements to the structure and the sound quality, which was enhanced when the heavy red carpets in the hall were removed. The stage was entirely rebuilt, and an
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La Scala hosted the first productions of many famous operas and had a special relationship with Verdi. However, for several years, Verdi did not allow his work to be played here, as some of his music had been modified (he said "corrupted") by the orchestra. This dispute originated in a disagreement
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La Scala was originally illuminated with 84 oil lamps mounted on the stage and another thousand in the rest of the theatre. To reduce the risks of fire, several rooms were filled with hundreds of water buckets. In time, oil lamps were replaced by gas lamps; these, in turn, were replaced by electric
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In 1982, the
Filarmonica della Scala orchestra was established to develop a symphonic repertoire to add to La Scala's operatic tradition, the orchestra drawing its members from the larger pool of musicians that comprise the Orchestra della Scala. The Filarmonica was conducted first by
390:—where the less wealthy can watch the performances. The gallery is typically crowded with the most critical opera aficionados, known as the loggionisti, who can be ecstatic or merciless towards singers' perceived successes or failures. For their failures, artists receive a "
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Most of Italy's greatest operatic artists, and many of the finest singers from around the world, have appeared at La Scala. The theatre is regarded as one of the leading opera and ballet theatres globally. It is home to the La Scala
Theatre Chorus,
799:, supported the conductor but called for urgent action by management to safeguard the smooth operation and prestige of La Scala. On 2 April 2005, Muti resigned from La Scala, citing "hostility" from staff members.
597:. Unfortunately, as is well known, the theatre of La Scala serves, not only as the universal drawing-room for all the society of Milan but every sort of trading transaction, from horse-dealing to
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principal guest conductor of the company. In
October 2011, Barenboim was appointed the next music director of La Scala, effective December 2011, with an initial contract of 5 years.
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As early as 1958 R. Vermeulen of
Philips Electronics experimented with "loudspeakers for stereo reverberation" at La Scala, which were "concealed in the cove along the ceiling".
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The theatre underwent a major renovation from early 2002 to late 2004. The theatre closed following the traditional 7 December 2001 season-opening performances of
344:, La Scala Theatre Orchestra, and the Filarmonica della Scala orchestra. The theatre also has an associate school, known as the La Scala Theatre Academy (Italian:
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Carlo
Fontana, the general manager of La Scala since 1990, was dismissed in February 2005 by the board of governors over differences with the music director,
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Building expenses were covered by the sale of boxes, which were lavishly decorated by their owners, impressing observers such as
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there on 25 May 1874. He announced in 1886 that La Scala would host the premiere of what was to become his penultimate opera,
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The renovations cost a reported €61 million and left a budget shortfall that the opera house overcame in 2006.
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The original structure was renovated in 1907 when it was given its current layout with 1,987 seats. In 1943, during
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412:, to quickly replace him mid-scene without time to change into a costume. Alagna did not return to the production.
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Vermeuelen, Roeleof. “Stereo-Reverberation.” Journal of the Audio
Engineering Society, 6:2 (April 1958), 124–130.
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produced an initial design. However, it was rejected by Count
Firmian (the governor of the then Austrian
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1772:"Alexander Pereira to Begin La Scala Tenure in October 2014, Year Earlier Than Originally Announced"
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asking for a new theatre and a provisional one to be used while completing the new one. The
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gala. A group of ninety wealthy
Milanese, who owned private boxes in the theatre, wrote to
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394:" from these aficionados, and fiascos are long remembered. For example, in 2006, tenor
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686:, plus many collaborative relations with some of the greatest conductors of the time.
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David Willey, "La Scala faces uncertain future", BBC News online, 12 November 2005
296:, Italy. The theatre was inaugurated on 3 August 1778 and was originally known as
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enlarged backstage allows more sets to be stored, permitting more productions.
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Seat preview – Photo and sweep panorama overlooking the stage from every seat
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The opera house re-opened on 7 December 2004 with a production, conducted by
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450: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1896:. Translated by William Weaver. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
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Beauvert, Thierry; Moatti, Jacques & Kleinefenn, Florian (1995).
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La Scala was originally selected to host the opening ceremony of the
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561:. The new theatre was built on the former location of the church of
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1824:(Press release). International Olympic Committee. 15 September 2017
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It's official: Riccardo
Chailly to be La Scala's new music director
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2011:
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Cantelli died in an airplane crash one week after his appointment.
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1994:
1938:
The Autumn of
Italian Opera: From Verismo to Modernism, 1890–1915
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1981:
1485:"Cecilia Bartoli triumphs at La Scala amidst catcalls and boos"
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the next music director of La Scala, effective 1 January 2015.
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As with most of the theatres at that time, La Scala was also a
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The exterior of La Scala in 2005 after the 2002/04 renovations
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This article is about the opera house. For other uses, see
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Museo della Scienza e della Tecnologia "Leonardo da Vinci"
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1801:"Teatro alla Scala: Meyer soll Pereira in Mailand ablösen"
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left the stage after being booed during a performance of
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The position was vacant from April 2005 to December 2007
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A nineteenth-century depiction of the Teatro alla Scala
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1822:"IOC Elects Milan as Host of the IOC Session in 2019"
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1966:
Rambles in Germany and Italy in 1840, 1842, and 1843
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651:in 1845; however, the composer later conducted his
386:Above the boxes, La Scala has a gallery—called the
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1868:
1697:
1626:"La Scala Proudly Emerges From a Drama of Its Own"
1969:. Vol. I. London: Edward Moxon. p. 111.
702:
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2418:Antique Furniture & Wooden Sculpture Museum
1890:Conati, Marcello; Medici, Mario, eds. (1994).
1580:
1578:
557:A second plan was accepted in 1776 by Empress
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1659:"Critics say restoration has ruined La Scala"
1586:"Filarmonica della Scala – About Us, History"
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2002:Accademia Teatro alla Scala official website
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530:A fire destroyed the previous theatre, the
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1024:Category:Opera world premieres at La Scala
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3406:Rebuilt buildings and structures in Italy
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2487:Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano
510:Learn how and when to remove this message
2590:Palazzo della Banca Commerciale Italiana
2086:History of architecture and art in Milan
1508:"After La Scala Boos, a Tenor Boos Back"
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360:The Teatro alla Scala in Milan, by night
355:
1959:
1934:
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1557:
1545:
882:Principal conductors or music directors
832:Stéphane Lissner left La Scala for the
364:La Scala's season opens on 7 December,
299:il Nuovo Regio Ducale Teatro alla Scala
14:
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1534:Beauvert, Moatti & Kleinefenn 1995
866:, Switzerland after Milan submitted a
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1506:Wakin, Daniel J. (13 December 2006).
1505:
943:La Scala was closed from 1918 to 1920
381:Scuola di Ballo del Teatro alla Scala
267:
254:
2470:Art collection of Fondazione Cariplo
2068:
1798:
862:in 2019, but the event was moved to
448:adding citations to reliable sources
419:
1708:"La Scala board fires top official"
825:In December 2013, management named
745:Seats now include monitors for the
621:, La Scala was severely damaged by
613:Interior of the opera house in 1900
383:, one of the academy's divisions).
322:, which was the former location of
24:
3401:18th-century architecture in Italy
3361:Neoclassical architecture in Milan
2807:Giardini Pubblici Indro Montanelli
2475:Palazzo Anguissola Antona Traversi
1935:Mallach, Alan (30 November 2007).
1058:Idante, ovvero I sacrifici d'Ecate
787:(at the Musikverein, Vienna, 2008)
663:. The premiere of his last opera,
540:Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este
25:
3417:
2325:S. Maurizio al Monastero Maggiore
1974:
368:'s Day, the feast day of Milan's
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1980:
1685:"La Scala revamp finished early"
1624:Riding, Alan (5 December 2004).
424:
326:). The premiere performance was
235:
192:
54:
45:
2024:Toscanini's reforms at La Scala
1943:University Press of New England
1875:. New York: The Vendome Press.
1848:
1814:
1792:
1764:
1720:
1677:
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1617:
1608:
730:The theatre's restored interior
669:was also given in the theatre.
534:, on 25 February 1776, after a
435:needs additional citations for
3356:Music venues completed in 1778
2012:Zoomable image of the interior
1893:The Verdi-Boito Correspondence
1477:
1469:Bauer, Helen; Voigt, Deborah.
1462:
1446:
1413:
1189:I Lombardi alla prima crociata
1159:Oberto, Conte di San Bonifacio
775:
703:Major renovation, 2002 to 2004
587:At the Opera they were giving
583:discovered in September 1840:
13:
1:
3391:Giuseppe Piermarini buildings
2822:Orto Botanico di Cascina Rosa
2723:Galleria Vittorio Emanuele II
2630:Palazzo delle Scuole Palatine
2438:Museum of Musical Instruments
1799:Brug, Manuel (22 June 2019).
1455:The La Scala Theatre at Milan
1402:
641:, which created a sensation.
269:[teˈaːtroallaˈskaːla]
3396:1778 establishments in Italy
3386:Tourist attractions in Milan
2560:Casa di Riposo per Musicisti
1728:"Barenboim to head La Scala"
1015:
947:Arturo Toscanini (1921–1929)
918:Arturo Toscanini (1906–1907)
7:
1761:(London). 10 December 2013.
1339:Dialogues of the Carmelites
847:, formerly director of the
645:over the production of his
351:
346:Accademia Teatro alla Scala
27:Opera house in Milan, Italy
10:
3422:
3376:Theatres completed in 1778
3047:Centro Sociale Leoncavallo
2924:Milan International (1906)
2650:Villa Belgiojoso Bonaparte
2320:S. Maria presso San Satiro
2275:S. Cristoforo sul Naviglio
2113:
1860:
939:Tullio Serafin (1917–1918)
747:electronic libretto system
415:
29:
3179:
3148:
3122:
3109:Torino Palasport Olimpico
3091:
3075:
3039:
3026:Teatro dell'Opera di Roma
2998:
2942:
2891:
2878:Stadio del Ghiaccio Agorà
2840:
2794:
2756:
2716:Squares and public spaces
2715:
2679:
2658:
2615:Palazzo dei Giureconsulti
2540:
2522:Contemporary Art Pavilion
2517:Museo Teatrale alla Scala
2388:
2358:
2315:S. Maria presso San Celso
2247:
2154:
2131:
2124:
2094:
2076:
1920:. Yale University Press.
1917:First Nights at the Opera
1871:Opera Houses of the World
1736:. London. 14 October 2011
377:Museo Teatrale alla Scala
261:
170:
165:
155:
147:
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132:
121:
82:
69:
65:
53:
44:
3258:Teatro Flavio Vespasiano
2465:Gallerie di Piazza Scala
2408:Bagatti Valsecchi Museum
2017:6 September 2017 at the
1843:Conati & Medici 1994
1407:
1375:by Karlheinz Stockhausen
1366:by Karlheinz Stockhausen
808:Aix-en-Provence Festival
694:
637:—with a soprano solo by
3285:Teatro Mario Del Monaco
3195:Teatro Alessandro Bonci
3067:Teatro degli Arcimboldi
2774:Quadrilatero della moda
2697:Teatro degli Arcimboldi
2639:State Archives of Milan
2460:Galleria d'Arte Moderna
2423:Applied Arts Collection
2345:Oratorio di San Protaso
2270:S. Bernardino alle Ossa
2214:S. Maria della Passione
2144:Basilica di Santa Tecla
1436:Oxford University Press
1255:by Antônio Carlos Gomes
1234:by Antônio Carlos Gomes
806:, formerly head of the
721:Teatro degli Arcimboldi
673:Filarmonica della Scala
563:Santa Maria della Scala
342:La Scala Theatre Ballet
2858:Hippodrome of San Siro
2817:Orto Botanico di Brera
2585:Palazzo dell'Arengario
2497:Museo del Risorgimento
2371:Garegnano Charterhouse
2102:Colonne di San Lorenzo
1264:by Amilcare Ponchielli
1066:La pietra del paragone
788:
731:
712:
614:
603:
527:
361:
345:
298:
32:Scala (disambiguation)
3371:Opera houses in Italy
3011:CSOA Forte Prenestino
3006:Circolo degli Artisti
2993:Music venues in Italy
2892:Events and traditions
2832:Villa Litta Modignani
2666:Biblioteca Ambrosiana
2645:Royal Palace of Milan
2625:Palazzo della Ragione
2428:Archaeological Museum
2390:Museums and galleries
2285:S. Giorgio al Palazzo
2199:S. Maria delle Grazie
1912:Kelly, Thomas Forrest
1432:UK English Dictionary
1356:Karlheinz Stockhausen
783:
729:
710:
612:
585:
525:
359:
3222:Teatro della Fortuna
2919:Milan Furniture Fair
2350:Rotonda della Besana
2330:S. Pietro in Gessate
2300:S. Maria del Carmine
2290:S. Giovanni in Conca
2234:S. Vincenzo in Prato
2204:Leonardo da Vinci's
2095:Archaeological sites
1989:at Wikimedia Commons
1351:Donnerstag aus Licht
1224:Antônio Carlos Gomes
1153:by Gaetano Donizetti
1090:by Gioachino Rossini
1081:by Gioachino Rossini
1078:Aureliano in Palmira
975:Gianandrea Gavazzeni
889:Antônio Carlos Gomes
876:2026 Winter Olympics
444:improve this article
317:Theatre at the Scala
283:Theatre at the Scala
106:45.46750°N 9.18917°E
60:Exterior of La Scala
3213:Teatro Carlo Felice
3083:Teatro di San Carlo
2883:Velodromo Vigorelli
2848:Allianz Cloud Arena
2784:Via Monte Napoleone
2671:Biblioteca di Brera
2610:Palazzo Castiglioni
2532:Triennale di Milano
2527:Pinacoteca di Brera
2512:Museo Poldi Pezzoli
2492:Museo del Novecento
2443:Museo d'Arte Antica
2305:S. Maria della Pace
2239:S. Vittore al Corpo
2229:S. Stefano Maggiore
1716:. 25 February 2005.
1245:Amilcare Ponchielli
1132:by Vincenzo Bellini
1123:by Vincenzo Bellini
1035:Europa riconosciuta
957:Carlo Maria Giulini
907:Cleofonte Campanini
766:Europa riconosciuta
690:Recent developments
680:Carlo Maria Giulini
548:Giuseppe Piermarini
532:Teatro Regio Ducale
333:Europa riconosciuta
256:[laˈskaːla]
160:Giuseppe Piermarini
102: /
41:
3021:Parco della Musica
2914:Milan Fashion Week
2841:Sporting sceneries
2764:Corso Buenos Aires
2757:Streets and canals
2748:Piazza Gae Aulenti
2738:Piazza della Scala
2635:Palazzo del Senato
2620:Palazzo Mezzanotte
2595:Palazzo Belgioioso
2555:Casa degli Omenoni
2542:Villas and palaces
2413:Castello Sforzesco
2310:S Maria Incoronata
2219:S. Nazaro in Brolo
2107:Milan amphitheatre
1693:. 5 November 2004.
1665:. 10 December 2002
1630:The New York Times
1596:on 31 October 2020
1513:The New York Times
1333:by Giacomo Puccini
1315:by Giacomo Puccini
1171:Un giorno di regno
1096:Margherita d'Anjou
1087:Il turco in Italia
1060:by Marcos Portugal
789:
734:The renovation by
732:
713:
615:
528:
362:
74:Piazza della Scala
39:
3381:Theatres in Milan
3311:
3310:
2960:
2959:
2795:Gardens and parks
2605:Palazzo Carminati
2580:Palazzina Appiani
2398:Alfa Romeo Museum
2384:
2383:
2366:Chiaravalle Abbey
2172:S. Carlo al Corso
1987:Teatro alla Scala
1985:Media related to
1952:978-1-55553-683-1
1927:978-0-300-10044-0
1903:978-0-226-85304-8
1882:978-0-86565-977-3
1487:. 4 December 2012
1363:Samstag aus Licht
1306:by Giuseppe Verdi
1273:by Giuseppe Verdi
1201:by Giuseppe Verdi
1192:by Giuseppe Verdi
1183:by Giuseppe Verdi
1174:by Giuseppe Verdi
1143:Gaetano Donizetti
1101:Giacomo Meyerbeer
1071:Gioachino Rossini
872:Cortina d'Ampezzo
860:134th IOC Session
849:Salzburg Festival
838:Alexander Pereira
816:Maestro Scaligero
520:
519:
512:
494:
410:Antonello Palombi
263:Teatro alla Scala
179:
178:
173:Teatro alla Scala
111:45.46750; 9.18917
18:Teatro alla Scala
16:(Redirected from
3413:
3328:
3327:
3319:
3140:Teatro Politeama
3104:Teatro Carignano
3062:Teatro Dal Verme
3057:Mediolanum Forum
2987:
2980:
2973:
2964:
2963:
2952:Outline of Milan
2947:Tourism in Italy
2868:Mediolanum Forum
2733:Piazza del Duomo
2702:Teatro Dal Verme
2600:Palazzo Borromeo
2480:Palazzo Brentani
2260:S. Antonio Abate
2182:Portinari Chapel
2129:
2128:
2119:
2081:History of Milan
2070:Tourism in Milan
2063:
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1998:
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1995:Official website
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1438:. Archived from
1417:
1396:Luca Francesconi
1372:Montag aus Licht
1312:Madama Butterfly
1296:Alfredo Catalani
1113:Vincenzo Bellini
1004:Riccardo Chailly
998:Daniel Barenboim
951:Victor de Sabata
913:Leopoldo Mugnone
901:Arturo Toscanini
846:
836:. His successor
827:Riccardo Chailly
812:Daniel Barenboim
804:Stéphane Lissner
785:Daniel Barenboim
627:Arturo Toscanini
606:lights in 1883.
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3016:PalaLottomatica
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2938:
2934:Oh bej! Oh bej!
2929:Milan Triennial
2887:
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2779:Via della Spiga
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2743:Piazza Mercanti
2728:Piazza Cordusio
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2570:Casa Panigarola
2536:
2507:Museo Diocesano
2433:Egyptian Museum
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2139:Milan Cathedral
2125:Religious sites
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2019:Wayback Machine
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1344:Francis Poulenc
1324:by Arrigo Boito
1284:Giacomo Puccini
1198:Giovanna d'Arco
1138:Lucrezia Borgia
1052:Marcos Portugal
1040:Antonio Salieri
1018:
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853:Dominique Meyer
840:
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635:Giacomo Puccini
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1780:. 19 July 2013
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1590:filarmonica.it
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1572:, p. 317.
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1595:
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1587:
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1554:
1547:
1542:
1536:, p. 80.
1535:
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1486:
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1473:. p. 20.
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1150:Maria Stuarda
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987:Riccardo Muti
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895:Franco Faccio
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828:
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802:In May 2005,
800:
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793:Riccardo Muti
786:
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773:
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758:Riccardo Muti
754:
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751:Radio Marconi
748:
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684:Riccardo Muti
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599:stock-jobbing
596:
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584:
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559:Maria Theresa
555:
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482:
478:
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471:
468:
464:
461: –
460:
456:
455:Find sources:
449:
445:
439:
438:
433:This section
431:
427:
422:
421:
413:
411:
407:
403:
402:
397:
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389:
384:
382:
378:
373:
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367:
366:Saint Ambrose
358:
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329:
325:
316:
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295:
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270:
264:
259:; officially
257:
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87:
85:
81:
75:
72:
68:
64:
57:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
19:
3303:Verona Arena
3298:
3289:
3280:
3276:Teatro Galli
3271:
3262:
3253:
3249:Teatro Regio
3244:
3235:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3200:Gabicce Mare
3199:
3186:
3180:Other cities
3171:Unipol Arena
3099:Teatro Regio
3051:
2909:Fiera Milano
2853:Arena Civica
2812:Monte Stella
2686:
2565:Casa Manzoni
2403:Armani/Silos
2205:
2177:S. Eustorgio
2029:Virtual tour
1965:
1937:
1916:
1892:
1870:
1850:
1838:
1826:. Retrieved
1816:
1804:. Retrieved
1794:
1782:. Retrieved
1775:
1766:
1758:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1731:
1722:
1711:
1688:
1679:
1667:. Retrieved
1663:the Guardian
1662:
1653:
1641:. Retrieved
1629:
1619:
1610:
1598:. Retrieved
1594:the original
1589:
1565:
1558:Shelley 1844
1553:
1546:Mallach 2007
1541:
1529:
1517:. Retrieved
1511:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1479:
1470:
1464:
1454:
1448:
1440:the original
1428:
1415:
1391:
1386:Fabio Vacchi
1379:
1370:
1361:
1349:
1337:
1328:
1319:
1310:
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1229:
1217:
1212:Arrigo Boito
1205:
1196:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1157:
1148:
1136:
1127:
1120:La straniera
1118:
1106:
1094:
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1076:
1064:
1057:
1045:
1033:
1021:
1007:
992:
942:
857:
831:
824:
819:
815:
801:
790:
771:
764:
755:
749:provided by
744:
733:
716:
714:
698:
676:
664:
658:
652:
646:
643:
619:World War II
616:
604:
592:
589:Otto Nicolai
586:
581:Mary Shelley
574:
567:
556:
544:neoclassical
529:
506:
497:
487:
480:
473:
466:
454:
442:Please help
437:verification
434:
399:
387:
385:
374:
370:patron saint
363:
338:
331:
262:
181:
180:
143:Construction
36:
2340:S. Sepolcro
2295:S. Gottardo
2255:Sant'Angelo
2206:Last Supper
2167:S. Calimero
2162:S. Ambrogio
1828:21 February
1252:Maria Tudor
1240:La Gioconda
1207:Mefistofele
1000:(2007–2014)
989:(1986–2005)
983:(1968–1986)
977:(1965–1968)
971:(1956–1965)
959:(1953–1956)
953:(1929–1953)
936:(1914–1917)
930:(1910–1914)
924:(1907–1910)
915:(1905–1906)
909:(1903–1905)
903:(1898–1903)
897:(1871–1889)
891:(1836–1896)
841: [
834:Paris Opera
776:2005 onward
739:Mario Botta
290:opera house
109: /
84:Coordinates
3340:Categories
2448:Pinacoteca
2265:S. Barnaba
2189:S. Lorenzo
1777:Opera News
1759:Gramophone
1740:15 October
1733:Gramophone
1600:27 October
1570:Kelly 2004
1519:31 January
1491:16 October
1425:"La Scala"
1420:"La Scala"
1403:References
1219:Il Guarany
1047:Demofoonte
814:was named
682:, then by
546:architect
470:newspapers
459:"La Scala"
406:understudy
97:09°11′21″E
94:45°28′03″N
3294:La Fenice
3191:Carisport
3161:PalaDozza
3156:Covo Club
3031:Villa Ada
2904:Expo 2015
2863:Idroscalo
2659:Libraries
2280:S. Fedele
2155:Basilicas
2132:Cathedral
1784:7 October
1638:0362-4331
1422:(US) and
1108:Il pirata
1016:Premieres
868:joint bid
762:Salieri's
736:architect
594:Templario
500:July 2017
156:Architect
3346:La Scala
3267:Cocoricò
3263:Riccione
3052:La Scala
2873:San Siro
2687:La Scala
2680:Theatres
2248:Churches
2194:S. Marco
2015:Archived
1963:(1844).
1914:(2004).
1713:BBC News
1690:CBC News
1392:Quartett
1330:Turandot
1303:Falstaff
1291:La Wally
874:for the
864:Lausanne
820:de facto
666:Falstaff
570:Stendhal
552:Lombardy
536:carnival
388:loggione
352:Overview
324:a church
252:Italian:
182:La Scala
134:Capacity
125:City of
76:, Milan,
40:La Scala
3281:Treviso
3236:Mezzago
3149:Bologna
3123:Palermo
2769:Navigli
1861:Sources
1806:31 July
1458:. 1936.
1180:Nabucco
1008:present
654:Requiem
623:bombing
484:scholar
416:History
307:
277:
166:Website
70:Address
3316:Portal
3299:Verona
3290:Venice
3272:Rimini
3227:Mantua
3187:Cesena
3076:Naples
1949:
1924:
1900:
1879:
1636:
1430:Lexico
1390:2011:
1381:Teneke
1378:2007:
1369:1988:
1360:1984:
1348:1981:
1336:1957:
1327:1926:
1321:Nerone
1318:1924:
1309:1904:
1300:1893:
1288:1892:
1276:1889:
1270:Otello
1267:1887:
1258:1885:
1249:1879:
1237:1876:
1228:1873:
1216:1870:
1204:1868:
1195:1845:
1186:1843:
1177:1842:
1168:1840:
1156:1839:
1147:1835:
1135:1833:
1126:1831:
1117:1829:
1105:1827:
1093:1820:
1084:1814:
1075:1813:
1063:1812:
1056:1800:
1044:1794:
1032:1778:
1006:(2015–
965:(1956)
717:Otello
660:Otello
577:casino
486:
479:
472:
465:
457:
148:Opened
3330:Opera
3254:Rieti
3245:Parma
3240:Bloom
3209:Genoa
3092:Turin
3040:Milan
2899:EICMA
2359:Other
1669:2 May
1643:2 May
1408:Notes
1279:Edgar
1231:Fosca
1129:Norma
1022:See:
870:with
845:]
818:, or
760:, of
695:1950s
491:JSTOR
477:books
315:Ducal
294:Milan
138:2,030
127:Milan
122:Owner
78:Italy
3218:Fano
2999:Rome
1947:ISBN
1922:ISBN
1898:ISBN
1877:ISBN
1830:2019
1808:2019
1786:2013
1742:2011
1671:2022
1645:2022
1634:ISSN
1602:2020
1521:2018
1493:2021
633:and
463:news
401:Aida
375:The
304:lit.
274:lit.
151:1778
1394:by
1384:by
1354:by
1342:by
1294:by
1282:by
1243:by
1222:by
1210:by
1162:by
1141:by
1111:by
1099:by
1069:by
1050:by
1038:by
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554:).
446:by
330:'s
292:in
3342::
3301::
3292::
3283::
3274::
3265::
3256::
3247::
3238::
3229::
3220::
3211::
3202::
3193:,
3189::
1945:.
1774:.
1757:,
1730:.
1710:.
1699:^
1687:.
1661:.
1632:.
1628:.
1588:.
1577:^
1510:.
1434:.
1427:.
878:.
855:.
843:de
408:,
336:.
272:,
250:,
246:-/
243:ɑː
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231:US
227:,
214:ɑː
190::
188:UK
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2637:(
2062:e
2055:t
2048:v
1955:.
1930:.
1906:.
1885:.
1832:.
1810:.
1788:.
1744:.
1673:.
1647:.
1604:.
1523:.
1495:.
1010:)
513:)
507:(
502:)
498:(
488:·
481:·
474:·
467:·
440:.
320:'
310:'
302:(
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280:'
240:l
237:/
223:/
220:ə
217:l
211:k
208:s
205:ˈ
200:æ
197:l
194:/
184:(
34:.
20:)
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